I-Cellulose Ether Technologies for Organic Wastewater Treatment

Imfucuzaamanzi embonini ye-cellulose ether ikakhulukazi izincibilikisi ze-organic ezifana ne-toluene, i-oliticol, i-isopate, ne-acetone. Ukunciphisa izincibilikisi zemvelo ekukhiqizeni kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuyisidingo esingenakugwenywa sokukhiqiza okuhlanzekile. Njengebhizinisi elinesibopho, ukunciphisa intuthu ephumayo nakho kuyizidingo zokuvikela imvelo futhi kufanele kugcwaliseke. Ucwaningo ngokulahleka kwe-solvent kanye nokugaywa kabusha embonini ye-cellulose ether kuyitimu enengqondo. Umbhali uye wahlola ukuhlola okuthile kokulahlekelwa kwe-solvent kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha ekukhiqizeni i-fibrin ether, futhi wazuza imiphumela emihle emsebenzini wangempela.

Amagama angukhiye: i-cellulose ether: ukugaywa kabusha kwe-solvent: igesi yokukhipha; ukuphepha

Izinyibilikisi ze-Organic izimboni ezinezimboni eziningi zamakhemikhali kawoyela, amakhemikhali emithi, ezemithi kanye nezinye izimboni. Izinyibilikisi ze-Organic ngokuvamile azibandakanyi ekuphenduleni ngesikhathiinqubo yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether. Phakathi nenqubo yokusebenzisa, izincibilikisi ohlelweni lokugaywa kabusha kwenqubo yamakhemikhali ngomshini wokugaywa kabusha zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe isaphulelo. I-solvent ikhishelwa emkhathini ngendlela yegesi ephumayo (ebizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi i-VOC). I-VOC idala ukulimala okuqondile empilweni yabantu, ivimbele lezi zinyibilikisi ukuthi zingashisi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, zigaywe kabusha Izimo ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa okuhlanzekile kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nemvelo.

1. Ukulimala kanye nendlela evamile yokugaywa kabusha kwezincibilikisi zemvelo

1.1 Ukulimala kwezinyibilikisi zemvelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu

Izinyibilikisi eziyinhloko ze-organic ekukhiqizeni i-cellulose ether zihlanganisa i-toluene, isopropanol, i-olite, i-acetone, njll. Okungenhla yizincibilikisi ezinobuthi ezinobuthi, njenge-dermopine. Ukuthintana kwesikhathi eside kungenzeka ku-neurasthenia syndrome, i-hepatoblasty, kanye nokungajwayelekile kokuya esikhathini kwabasebenzi besifazane. Kulula ukubangela isikhumba esomile, ukuqhekeka, i-dermatitis. Iyacasula esikhunjeni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, futhi ine-anesthesia yesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. I-isopropanol vapor inomphumela obalulekile we-anesthesia, onomphumela ovuselelayo ku-mucosa yeso kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula, futhi ungalimaza i-retina kanye ne-optic nerve. Umphumela we-anesthesia we-acetone ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi unokukhathala, isicanucanu, nesiyezi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlanza, i-spasm, ngisho ne-coma. Iyacasula emehlweni, ikhala, nomphimbo. Ukuxhumana isikhathi eside nesiyezi, umuzwa ovuthayo, i-pharyngitis, i-bronchitis, ukukhathala, nokujabula.

1.2 Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokugaywa kabusha kwezincibilikisi zemvelo zikhipha igesi

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha i-solvent exhaust gas ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezincibilikisi emthonjeni. Ukulahlekelwa okungenakugwemeka kungatholwa kuphela yizincibilikisi okungenzeka kakhulu. Njengamanje, indlela yokubuyisela i-solvent yamakhemikhali ivuthiwe futhi ithembekile. Izinyibilikisi zemvelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu manje kugesi odoti yilezi: Indlela yokuhlanganisa, indlela yokumuncwa, indlela yokukhangisa.

Indlela ye-condensation iwubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela kabusha obulula. Isimiso esiyisisekelo siwukupholisa igesi yokukhipha umoya ukuze wenze izinga lokushisa libe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lamazolo ento ephilayo, kufingqiwe i-organic matter ibe yiconsi, ehlukaniswe ngokuqondile ne-exhaust gas, bese igaywa kabusha.

Indlela yokumunca iwukusebenzisa i-absorbent ye-liquid ukuxhumana ngqo ne-exhaust gas ukuze kukhishwe izinto eziphilayo kwi-exhaust gas. Ukumuncwa kuhlukaniswe ukumuncwa ngokomzimba kanye nokumuncwa kwamakhemikhali. Ukubuyiswa kwe-solvent ukumuncwa ngokomzimba, futhi izincibilikisi ezivame ukusetshenziswa amanzi, udizili, uphalafini noma ezinye izincibilikisi. Noma iyiphi i-organic matter encibilikayo ku-absorbent ingadluliswa isuka esigabeni segesi iye esigabeni se-liquid, futhi uketshezi lokumunca lungase luphathwe ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuvamile, i-distillation ecolisisiwe isetshenziselwa ukucwenga i-solvent.

Indlela ye-adsorption okwamanje isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokutholwa kwe-solvent. Umgomo uwukubamba izinto eziphilayo kugesi ephumayo ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo esinezimbotshana sekhabhoni esebenzayo noma i-activated carbon fiber. Lapho i-exhaust gas ikhangwa ngombhede we-adsorption, izinto eziphilayo zikhangiswe embhedeni, futhi igesi yokukhipha iyahlanzwa. Lapho i-adsorbent adsorption ifinyelela ngokugcwele, umhwamuko wamanzi (noma umoya oshisayo) udluliselwa ekushiseni umbhede omuncayo, uvuselele i-adsorbent, i-organic matter ishaywa umoya futhi ikhululwe, bese kwakheka ingxube ye-vapor nomhwamuko wamanzi (noma umoya oshisayo). ). I-Essence Pholisa ingxube yesitimu nge-condenser ukuze uyihlanganise ibe uketshezi. Ama-solvents ahlukaniswe ngokusetshenziswa kwe-distillation yengqondo noma ama-separators ngokusho kwesisombululo samanzi.

2. Ukukhiqizwa nokugaywa kabusha kwegesi yokukhipha i-solvent ephilayo ekukhiqizeni i-cellulose ether

2.1 Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-solvent exhaust

Ukulahlekelwa kwe-solvent ekukhiqizweni kwe-cellulose ether kubangelwa ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwamanzi angcolile kanye negesi engcolile. Izinsalela eziqinile zincane, futhi ukulahleka kwesigaba samanzi ikakhulukazi isiqeshana samanzi angcolile. Izincibilikisi zamaphuzu aphansi abilayo kulula kakhulu ukulahlekelwa esigabeni samanzi, kodwa ukulahlekelwa kwezincibilikisi zamaphuzu aphansi abilayo ngokuvamile kufanele kusekelwe esigabeni segesi. Ukulahlekelwa kobungqabavu ikakhulukazi i-decompression distillation, ukusabela, i-centrifugal, i-vacuum, njll. imininingwane kanjena:

(1) I-solvent ibangela ukulahlekelwa “ukuphefumula” lapho igcinwe ethangini lokugcina.

(2) Izinyibilikisi ezibilayo eziphansi zinokulahlekelwa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuvala, lapho i-vacuum iphakama, isikhathi eside, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu; ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu amanzi, amaphampu e-vacuum yohlobo lwe-W noma amasistimu amaringi awuketshezi azodala imfucuza enkulu ngenxa yegesi yokukhipha i-vacuum.

(3) Ukulahleka kwenqubo ye-centrifugation, inani elikhulu legesi yokukhipha i-solvent lingena emvelweni ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwesihlungi se-centrifugal.

(4) Ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukunciphisa i-decompression distillation.

(5) Endabeni yoketshezi oluyinsalela noma olugxiliswe kokunamathela kakhulu, ezinye izincibilikisi ezisezinsaleni zokukhishwa kwe-distillation azisetshenziswa kabusha.

(6) Ukungatholakali kwegesi ephezulu okwanele okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwezinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha.

2.2 Indlela yokugaywa kabusha kwegesi ye-solvent exhaust ephilayo

(1) Izinto ezincibilikayo njengamathangi okugcina amathangi. Thatha okokugcina ukushisa ukuze unciphise ukuphefumula, futhi uxhume ama-nitrogen seal nge-solvent efanayo ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa kwe-solvent. Ngemva kokuncishiswa kwegesi yomsila ingena ohlelweni lokuphinda isetshenziswe ngemva kokujiya, igwema ngokuphumelelayo ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-solvent high-concentration.

(2) I-vacuum system cyclic aeration kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwegesi yemfucuza ohlelweni lwe-vacuum. I-vacuum exhaust igaywa kabusha nge-condenser futhi itholwa abagayli bezinto ezintathu.

(3) Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, i-solvent evaliwe ukunciphisa inqubo ayinakho ukukhishwa kwezicubu. Amanzi angcolile anamanzi angcolile aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa aqukethe inani eliphezulu lamanzi angcolile ayathelwa futhi agaywe kabusha igesi yokukhipha umoya. I-solvent yeholide.

(4) Ukulawula okuqinile kwezimo zenqubo yokugaywa kabusha, noma ukusebenzisa idizayini yethangi le-adsorption yesibili ukuze kugwenywe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwegesi yokukhipha umoya.

2.3 Isethulo sokugaywa kabusha kwegesi ye-organic solvent exhaust ene-activated activated

Igesi yomsila eshiwo ngenhla kanye namapayipi egesi ephumayo e-meridian anesilinganiso esincane afakwa okokuqala kumbhede wekhabhoni ocushiwe ngemva kokufakwa ngaphambilini. I-solvent ixhunywe kukhabhoni ecushiwe, futhi igesi ehlanzekile ikhishwa ngaphansi kombhede we-adsorption. I-carbon bed ene-adsorption saturation yenziwa ngesitimu somfutho ophansi. Isitimu singena ngaphansi kombhede. Ukuwela ikhabhoni ecushiwe, i-solvent ye-adsorbent inamathiselwe futhi ikhishwe embhedeni wekhabhoni ukuze ingene ku-condenser: ku-condenser, ingxube ye-solvent ne-steam yamanzi iyancibilika futhi igeleze ku-tank yokugcina. Ukuhlushwa cishe ku-25 o / O kuya ku-50%, ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwe-distillation noma isihlukanisi. Ngemuva kokuthi umbhede wamalahle uhlotshaniswe futhi uvuselelwa ngokumiswa, isimo se-adsorption sokushintsha emuva sisetshenziselwa ukuqedela umjikelezo wokusebenza. Yonke inqubo iqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuze uthuthukise izinga lokubuyisela, amathini amathathu we-tandem yezinga lesibili angasetshenziswa.

2.4 Imithetho Yokuphepha Yokugaywa kabusha kwegesi ekhipha umoya

(1) Idizayini, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokunamathiselwe kwekhabhoni ecushiwe kanye ne-tube condenser enesitimu kufanele kuhlangabezane nezinhlinzeko ezifanele ze-GBL50. Ingaphezulu lesiqukathi sokumunca ikhabhoni esisebenzayo kufanele simiswe ngegeji yokucindezela, idivayisi yokukhipha ukuphepha (ivalvu yokuphepha noma amaphilisi aqhumisayo Idivayisi). Idizayini, ukukhiqizwa, ukusebenza, kanye nokuhlolwa kwedivayisi evuza ukuphepha kuzohambisana nezinhlinzeko “zomklamo nokubalwa kwesibalo sedizayini yedizayini nokubalwa kokunamathiselwe kokuvikela kanye nomklamo wamavalvu okuvikela amahlanu kanye nethebhulethi eqhumayo. ” yemithethonqubo yokuqondisa ukuphepha komkhumbi wengcindezi. “

(2) Umshini wokupholisa ozenzakalelayo kufanele uhlinzekwe kokunamathiselwe okumunca ikhabhoni ecushiwe. Okokufaka nokuthekelisa okunamathiselwe kwegesi okumuncwa kwekhabhoni okucushiwe kanye ne-adsorbent kufanele kube nezindawo eziningi zokukala izinga lokushisa kanye nesilawuli sokubonisa izinga lokushisa esihambisanayo, esibonisa izinga lokushisa noma kunini. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula ukulungiselelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, khipha ngokushesha isignali ye-alamu bese uvula ngokuzenzakalelayo idivayisi yokupholisa. I-I'HJPE yamaphuzu amabili wokuhlola izinga lokushisa alikho ngaphezu kwe-1 m, futhi ibanga phakathi kwendawo yokuhlola nodonga lwangaphandle lwedivayisi kufanele libe likhulu kuno-60 cm.

(3) Umtshina wokugxilisa igesi wegesi yokunamathisela edonsa ikhabhoni ecushiwe kufanele isethwe ukuze ibone ukugcwala kwegesi njalo. Lapho ukugcwala kwegesi yemvelo kudlula inani eliphakeme elibekiwe, kufanele kumiswe: i-adsorption kanye nokumangazayo. Uma isitimu sinemithende, ipayipi lokukhipha umoya eliphephile kufanele limiswe ezintweni ezifana ne-condenser, isihlukanisi soketshezi lwegesi, nethangi lokugcina uketshezi. Izinqamuli zekhabhoni ezicushiwe kufanele zisethwe epayipini lomoya ekungeneni nasekuthekeliseni indawo yokungena kwegesi kanye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze kunqunywe ukumelana nokugeleza komoya (ukwehla kokucindezela) kwe-adsorbent ukuvimbela intambo yegesi yezintambo zegesi ekukhishweni komoya okubi.

(4) Izincibilikisi kufanele zihlaselwe ipayipi lomoya kanye ne-alamu yokugxilisa izigaba zomoya epayipini lomoya emoyeni. Udoti ocushwe i-carbon iphathwa ngokwemfucuza eyingozi. Ugesi nezinto zokusebenza zikhipha umklamo wokuvikela ukuqhuma.

(5) Isincibilikisi sibizwa ngokuthi indlela yesithathu yokufinyelela endaweni yokuvimbela umlilo ukuze kwengeze umoya ohlanzekile lapho kuxhunywe neyunithi ngayinye yokugaywa kabusha.

(6) I-solvent ibuyisela amapayipi epayipi ngalinye ukuze ifinyelele igesi yokukhipha igesi yezigaba zoketshezi ezixutshwe ne-concentration encane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kugwenywe ukufinyelela okuqondile kwesisi esikhipha umoya esinamandla.

(7) Amapayipi okukhipha isincibilikisi asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-electrostatic yokuthekelisa, futhi i-nitrogen stop chain iyashajwa futhi ukusika kwesistimu kusikwa ngohlelo lwe-alamu yaseshabhu.

3. Isiphetho

Kafushane, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-solvent exhaust ekukhiqizweni kwenyama yenkomo ye-cellulose ether kuwukuncipha kwezindleko, futhi kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ukuze ufeze ukuphishekela komphakathi ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokugcina impilo yabasebenzi emsebenzini. Ngokucwenga ukuhlaziywa kokuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kwe-solvent yokukhiqiza, izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokwandisa ukukhishwa kwe-solvent; bese ukusebenza kahle kokugaywa kabusha kokusebenza kokutakula kuyathuthukiswa ngokuthuthukisa idizayini yedivayisi yokuvuselela ikhabhoni ecushiwe: Ingcuphe Yezokuvikela. Ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo ngesisekelo sokuvikeleka.