Ithonya le-cellulose ether ekugcinweni kwamanzi

Indlela yokulingisa indawo ezungezile yasetshenziselwa ukutadisha umphumela wama-cellulose ethers anamazinga ahlukene okushintsha kanye nokushintshwa kwe-molar ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezishisayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ezibalo kubonisa ukuthi i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether enedigri ephansi yokushintsha kanye nedigri ephezulu ye-molar substitution ibonisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi okungcono kakhulu odakeni.

Amagama angukhiye: i-cellulose ether: ukugcinwa kwamanzi; udaka; indlela yokulingisa imvelo; izimo ezishisayo

Ngenxa yezinzuzo zalo ekulawuleni ikhwalithi, ukusebenziseka kalula nokuhamba, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, udaka oluxutshwe okomile njengamanje lusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni izakhiwo. Udaka oluxutshwe okomile lusetshenziswa ngemva kokwengeza amanzi nokuxuba endaweni yokwakha. Amanzi anemisebenzi emibili eyinhloko: enye iwukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka, kanti enye iwukuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwe-hydration ye-cementitious material ukuze udaka lukwazi ukufeza izakhiwo ezidingekayo zomzimba nemishini ngemva kokuqina. Kusukela ekuphothulweni kokwengeza amanzi odakeni kuya ekuphothulweni kokwakhiwa kuya ekutholeni izakhiwo ezanele zomzimba neziwumshini, amanzi amahhala azofuduka ezinhlangothini ezimbili ngaphandle kokufaka amanzi usimende: ukumuncwa kongqimba oluyisisekelo kanye nokuhwamuka komhlaba. Ezimweni ezishisayo noma elangeni eliqondile, umswakama uhwamuka ngokushesha ebusweni. Ezimweni ezishisayo noma ngaphansi kwelanga eliqondile, kubalulekile ukuthi udaka lugcine umswakama ngokushesha kusuka phezulu futhi lunciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi mahhala. Ukhiye wokuhlola ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka ukunquma indlela yokuhlola efanele. U-Li Wei et al. ifunde indlela yokuhlola yokugcina amanzi odaka futhi yathola ukuthi uma iqhathaniswa nendlela yokuhlunga kwe-vacuum kanye nendlela yephepha lokuhlunga, indlela yokulingisa indawo ezungezile ingabonakalisa ngempumelelo ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene.

I-Cellulose ether iyi-ejenti egcina amanzi esetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yodaka exutshwe okomile. Ama-cellulose ether asetshenziswa kakhulu odakeni oluxutshwe okomile i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Amaqembu abambele ahambisanayo i-hydroxyethyl, i-methyl ne-hydroxypropyl, i-methyl. Izinga lokushintsha (DS) le-cellulose ether libonisa izinga lapho iqembu le-hydroxyl kuyunithi ngayinye ye-anhydroglucose lishintshwa, kanye nezinga lokushintshwa kwe-molar (MS) libonisa ukuthi uma iqembu elishintshayo liqukethe iqembu le-hydroxyl, ukusabela kokushintsha kuyaqhubeka ukwenza ukusabela kwe-etherification eqenjini elisha le-hydroxyl yamahhala. iziqu. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali kanye nezinga lokushintshwa kwe-cellulose ether yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuthuthwa komswakama odakeni kanye ne-microstructure yodaka. Ukwenyuka kwesisindo samangqamuzana e-cellulose ether kuzokhuphula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, futhi izinga elihlukile lokufaka esikhundleni lizophinde lithinte ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka.

Izici eziyinhloko zendawo yokwakhiwa kodaka oluxutshwe okomile zihlanganisa izinga lokushisa lendawo, umswakama olinganiselwe, isivinini somoya kanye nemvula. Mayelana nezimo zezulu ezishisayo, i-ACI (American Concrete Institute) Committee 305 ikuchaza njenganoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezinto ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lomoya, umswakama ophansi ohlobene, nesivinini somoya, okuphazamisa ikhwalithi noma ukusebenza kukakhonkolo omusha noma oqinile walolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu. Ihlobo ezweni lakithi livame ukuba yisikhathi esiphezulu sokwakhiwa kwemiklamo ehlukahlukene yokwakha. Ukwakhiwa endaweni eshisayo enokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophansi, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yodaka ngemuva kodonga ingase ibekwe ilanga, okuzothinta ukuxubana okusha nokuqina kodaka oluxutshwe owomile. Imithelela ebalulekile ekusebenzeni njengokuncipha kokusebenza, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokuphelelwa amandla. Indlela yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yodaka oluxutshwe okomile ekwakhiweni kwesimo sezulu esishisayo kudonse ukunaka nocwaningo lochwepheshe bemboni yodaka kanye nabasebenzi bezokwakha.

Kuleli phepha, indlela yokulingisa imvelo isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka oluxutshwe ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether enamazinga ahlukene okushintsha kanye nokufaka i-molar ku-45.℃, kanye nesofthiwe yezibalo iyasetshenziswa I-JMP8.02 ihlaziya idatha yokuhlola ukuze kufundwe umthelela wama-cellulose ether ahlukene ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezishisayo.

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezindlela zokuhlola

1.1 Izinto ezisetshenziswayo

I-Conch P. 042.5 Cement, 50-100 mesh quartz sand, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ether (HEMC) kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC) ene-viscosity engu-40000mPa·s. Ukuze ugweme ithonya lezinye izingxenye, ukuhlolwa kusebenzisa ifomula yodaka eyenziwe lula, okuhlanganisa u-30% usimende, u-0.2% we-cellulose ether, kanye ne-69.8% yesihlabathi se-quartz, futhi inani lamanzi elingeziwe liyi-19% yefomula yodaka. Zombili ziyizilinganiso ze-mass.

1.2 Indlela yokulingisa imvelo

Idivayisi yokuhlola yendlela yokulingisa yemvelo isebenzisa amalambu e-iodine-tungsten, amafeni, namagumbi emvelo ukulingisa izinga lokushisa langaphandle, umswakama, nesivinini somoya, njll., ukuhlola umehluko wekhwalithi yodaka olusanda kuxutshwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene, kanye hlola ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka. Kulesi sivivinyo, indlela yokuhlola ezincwadini ithuthukisiwe, futhi ikhompuyutha ixhunywe kubhalansi ukuze kuqoshwe futhi kuhlolwe okuzenzakalelayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe iphutha lokuhlola.

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa elabhorethri evamile [izinga lokushisa (23±2)°C, umswakama ohlobene (50±3)%] kusetshenziswa ungqimba oluyisisekelo olungamunceli (isitsha sepulasitiki esinobubanzi bangaphakathi obungu-88mm) ezingeni lokushisa elingu-45°C. Indlela yokuhlola imi kanje:

(1) Uma isiphephetha-moya sivaliwe, khanyisa isibani se-iodine-tungsten, bese ubeka isitsha sepulasitiki endaweni engashintshile ngezansi kwesibani se-iodine-tungsten ukuze sishise ihora elingu-1;

(2) Kala isitsha sepulasitiki, bese ufaka udaka olunyakazisiwe endishini yepulasitiki, ubushelelezi ngokobukhulu obudingekayo, bese ukala;

(3) Buyisela isitsha sepulasitiki endaweni yaso yokuqala, futhi isofthiwe ilawula ibhalansi ukuze ikale ngokuzenzekelayo kanye njalo ngemizuzu emi-5, futhi ukuhlolwa kuphetha ngemva kwehora elingu-1.

2. Imiphumela kanye nengxoxo

Imiphumela yokubalwa yezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi R0 wodaka oluxutshwe nama-cellulose ether ahlukene ngemva kokushiswa kwemisebe ku-45°C imizuzu engama-30.

Idatha yokuhlola engenhla yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa umkhiqizo we-JMP8.02 weqembu lezibalo ze-software ye-SAS Company, ukuze kutholwe imiphumela yokuhlaziya enokwethenjelwa. Inqubo yokuhlaziya imi kanje.

2.1 Ukuhlaziywa kokwehla nokulinganisa

Ukufakwa kwemodeli kwenziwa ngezikwele ezincane ezijwayelekile. Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwevelu elinganisiwe kanye nevelu ebikezelwe kubonisa ukuhlolwa kokulinganisa kwemodeli, futhi kuboniswa ngokugcwele ngezithombe. Amajika amabili anedeshi amelela "isikhathi sokuzethemba esingu-95%", futhi umugqa ovundlile onedeshi umelela inani elimaphakathi layo yonke idatha. Ijika elideshi kanye Nokuphambana kwemigqa evundlile edayiziwe kubonisa ukuthi imodeli-isiteji-mbumbulu sijwayelekile.

Amanani athile esifinyezo esifanelekile kanye ne-ANOVA. Ngokufingqa okufanelekile, i-R² ifinyelele ku-97%, futhi inani le-P ekuhlaziyweni kokuhluka lalingaphansi kakhulu kuka-0.05. Inhlanganisela yalezi zimo ezimbili iphinde ibonise ukuthi ukufaka imodeli kubalulekile.

2.2 Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Ezinomthelela

Ngaphakathi kobubanzi balokhu kuhlolwa, ngaphansi kwesimo semizuzu engama-30 yokushiswa kwemisebe, izici zethonya ezifanele zimi kanje: ngokwemibandela eyodwa, amanani we-p atholwe uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether kanye ne-molar substitution degree angaphansi kuka-0.05 , okubonisa ukuthi okwesibili Lesi sakamuva sinomthelela omkhulu ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka. Mayelana nokusebenzisana, kusukela emiphumeleni yokuhlola yemiphumela yokuhlaziya efanelekile yomthelela wohlobo lwe-cellulose ether, izinga lokushintsha (Ds) kanye nezinga le-molar substitution (MS) ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka, uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether kanye nezinga lokushintsha, Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinga lokushintsha kanye ne-molar degree of substitution kunomthelela obalulekile ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka, ngoba amanani e-p akho kokubili angaphansi kuka-0.05. Ukusebenzisana kwezinto kubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisana kwezici ezimbili kuchazwa ngendlela enembile. Isiphambano sibonisa ukuthi lezi ezimbili zinokuhlobana okuqinile, futhi ukufana kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zinto ezimbili zinokuhlangana okubuthakathaka. Kumdwebo wokusebenzelana kwesici, thatha indawoα lapho uhlobo olume mpo kanye nedigri yokushintsha yangemuva kuhlangana khona njengesibonelo, amasegimenti emigqa emibili ayaphambana, okubonisa ukuthi ukuhlobana phakathi kohlobo nezinga lokushintsha kunamandla, futhi endaweni b lapho uhlobo olume mpo kanye nedigri ye-molar lateral esikhundleni. interact , amasegimenti emigqa emibili avame ukufana, okubonisa ukuthi ukuhlobana phakathi kohlobo nokushintshwa kwe-molar kubuthakathaka.

2.3 Isibikezelo sokugcinwa kwamanzi

Ngokusekelwe kumodeli efanelekayo, ngokuya ngethonya elibanzi lama-ether e-cellulose ahlukene ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka, ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka kubikezelwa isofthiwe ye-JMP, futhi inhlanganisela yepharamitha yokugcina amanzi engcono kakhulu yodaka iyatholakala. Isibikezelo sokugcinwa kwamanzi sibonisa inhlanganisela yokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka olungcono kakhulu kanye nenkambiso yokuthuthuka, okungukuthi, i-HEMC ingcono kune-HPMC ekuqhathaniseni uhlobo, ukufaka esikhundleni okumaphakathi nokuphansi kungcono kunokushintshaniswa okuphezulu, futhi ukufaka esikhundleni okuphakathi nendawo nokuphezulu kungcono kunokushintshaniswa okuphansi. esikhundleni se-molar, kodwa Awukho umehluko obalulekile phakathi kokubili kule nhlanganisela. Kafushane, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ethers enezinga eliphansi lokuthatha indawo kanye ne-high molar substitution degree ibonise ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka okungcono kakhulu ku-45.℃. Ngaphansi kwale nhlanganisela, inani elibikezelwe lokugcinwa kwamanzi elinikezwe uhlelo ngu-0.611736±0.014244.

3. Isiphetho

(1) Njengesici esisodwa esibalulekile, uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether lunomthelela omkhulu ekugcineni amanzi odaka, futhi i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) ingcono kune-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Kubonisa ukuthi umehluko ohlotsheni lokushintsha kuzoholela ekuhlukeni kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether luphinde luhlanganyele nezinga lokushintshwa.

(2) Njengesici esibalulekile esisodwa esinomthelela, izinga lokushintsha i-molar ye-cellulose ether liyehla, futhi nokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka kuthanda ukwehla. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi njengoba uchungechunge oluseceleni lweqembu le-cellulose ether substituent liqhubeka nokusabela kwe-etherification neqembu le-hydroxyl yamahhala, kuzophinde kuholele ekwehlukeni ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka.

(3) Izinga lokushintshaniswa kwama-ether e-cellulose ahlanganyele nohlobo kanye nezinga le-molar lokushintsha. Phakathi kwezinga lokushintsha kanye nohlobo, esimweni sezinga eliphansi lokushintsha, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-HEMC kungcono kunaleyo ye-HPMC; esimweni sezinga eliphezulu lokushintsha, umehluko phakathi kwe-HEMC ne-HPMC awumkhulu. Ngokusebenzelana phakathi kwezinga lokushintsha kanye nokushintshwa kwe-molar, esimweni sezinga eliphansi lokushintsha, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwedigri ye-molar ephansi yokushintsha kungcono kunaleyo yezinga eliphezulu le-molar yokushintsha; Umehluko awumkhulu.

(4) Udaka oluxutshwe ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether enedigri ephansi yokushintsha kanye nedigri ephezulu yokushintsha i-molar ibonise ukugcinwa kwamanzi okungcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezishisayo. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuchaza umthelela wohlobo lwe-cellulose ether, izinga lokushintsha kanye ne-molar degree of substitution ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka, udaba lwemishini kulesi sici lusadinga ukufunda okwengeziwe.