I-Cellulose Ether Embonini Yamaphepha

Leli phepha lethula izinhlobo, izindlela zokulungiselela, izici zokusebenza kanye nesimo sokusetshenziswa kwama-cellulose ethers embonini yokwenza iphepha, libeka phambili ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zama-cellulose ether ngamathemba okuthuthukiswa, futhi lixoxa ngokusetshenziswa kwawo kanye nendlela yokuthuthuka ekwenzeni iphepha.

Amagama angukhiye:i-cellulose ether; ukusebenza; imboni yephepha

I-Cellulose iyinhlanganisela yemvelo ye-polymer, ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kuyi-polysaccharide macromolecule ene-anhydrous.β-glucose njengeringi yesisekelo, futhi iringi ngayinye yesisekelo ineqembu eliyinhloko le-hydroxyl kanye neqembu lesibili le-hydroxyl. Ngokuguqulwa kwayo kwamakhemikhali, uchungechunge lokuphuma kwe-cellulose lungatholakala. Indlela yokulungiselela i-cellulose ether iwukusabela i-cellulose nge-NaOH, bese yenza ukusabela kwe-etherification ngeziphehli ezisebenzayo ezihlukahlukene njenge-methyl chloride, i-ethylene oxide, i-propylene oxide, njll., bese ugeza usawoti womkhiqizo kanye ne-cellulose sodium ukuze uthole. umkhiqizo. I-Cellulose ether ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile eziphuma ku-cellulose, ezingasetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha kanye nenhlanzeko, imboni yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke, ukwenza iphepha, ukudla, imithi, ukwakhiwa, izinto zokwakha kanye nezinye izimboni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe angaphandle aye alubheka njengento ebalulekile ucwaningo, futhi kuye kwafinyelelwa okuningi ekusetshenzisweni kocwaningo oluyisisekelo, ukusetshenziswa kwemiphumela engokoqobo, nasekulungiseleleni. Eminyakeni yamuva, abanye abantu eShayina kancane kancane baqale ukuzibandakanya ocwaningweni lwalesi sici, futhi bathole imiphumela ekuqaleni kokwenziwa kokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuphelele kwemithombo yebhayoloji evuselelekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yephepha nokusebenza. Kuwuhlobo olusha lwezithako zokwenza iphepha okufanele luthuthukiswe.

1. Izindlela zokuhlukaniswa nezindlela zokulungiselela ama-cellulose ethers

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-cellulose ethers kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezi-4 ngokuya nge-ionicity.

1.1 I-Nonionic Cellulose Ether

I-non-ionic cellulose ether ikakhulukazi i-alkyl ether ye-cellulose, futhi indlela yayo yokulungiselela iwukusabela nge-cellulose nge-NaOH, bese yenza ukusabela kwe-etherification ngama-monomer ahlukahlukene asebenzayo njenge-monochloromethane, i-ethylene oxide, i-propylene oxide, njll., bese itholwa ngokuwasha i-by-product kasawoti kanye ne-cellulose sodium, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa i-methyl cellulose ether, i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, i-methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, i-cyanoethyl Cellulose ether kanye ne-hydroxybutyl cellulose ether zisetshenziswa kakhulu.

1.2 I-anionic cellulose ether

I-anionic cellulose ethers ikakhulukazi i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose kanye ne-sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Indlela yokulungisa iwukusabela i-cellulose nge-NaOH bese ukhipha i-ether nge-chloroacetic acid, i-ethylene oxide ne-propylene oxide. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, bese kutholakala ngokugeza usawoti ovela ngomkhiqizo kanye ne-sodium cellulose.

1.3 I-Cationic Cellulose Ether

I-Cationic ama-cellulose ether ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa i-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride cellulose ether, elungiswa ngokusabela i-cellulose nge-NaOH bese isabela nge-cationic etherifying agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride noma ukusabela kwe-etherification ne-ethylene oxide ne-ethylene oxide, bese itholwa ngokugeza usawoti ophuma kumkhiqizo kanye ne-sodium cellulose.

1.4 I-Zwitterionic Cellulose Ether

Uchungechunge lwemolekyuli ye-zwitterionic cellulose ether inawo womabili amaqembu e-anionic namaqembu e-cationic. Indlela yayo yokulungisa iwukusabela i-cellulose nge-NaOH bese isabela nge-monochloroacetic acid kanye ne-cationic etherification agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Trimethylammonium chloride i-etherified, bese itholwa ngokugeza usawoti womkhiqizo kanye ne-sodium cellulose.

2. Ukusebenza nezici ze-cellulose ether

2.1 Ukwakhiwa kwefilimu nokunamathela

I-etherification ye-cellulose ether inethonya elikhulu ezicini nasezimpahleni zayo, njengokuncibilika, ikhono lokwenza ifilimu, amandla ebhondi kanye nokumelana nosawoti. I-Cellulose ether inamandla amakhulu emishini, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokushisa nokumelana nokubanda, futhi inokuhambisana kahle nama-resin ahlukahlukene kanye nama-plasticizers, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amapulasitiki, amafilimu, ama-varnishes, ama-adhesives, i-latex Kanye nezinto zokugqoka izidakamizwa, njll.

2.2 Ukunyibilika

I-Cellulose ether inokuncibilika okuhle kwamanzi ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqembu e-polyhydroxyl, futhi inokukhethwa kwe-solvent okuhlukile kwezinyibilikisi eziphilayo ngokusho kwezithako ezihlukile. I-Methylcellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, ayincibiliki emanzini ashisayo, futhi iyancibilika kwezinye izincibilikisi; I-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, ayincibiliki emanzini ashisayo nasezincibilikisini eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho isixazululo esinamanzi se-methylcellulose ne-methylhydroxyethylcellulose sishisiswa, i-methylcellulose ne-methylhydroxyethylcellulose izokwehla. I-Methyl cellulose itholakala ku-45-60°C, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lezulu le-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose elixubile lenyuka laya ku-65-80.°C. Uma izinga lokushisa lehliswa, imvula iyahlakazeka kabusha. I-Hydroxyethylcellulose ne-sodium carboxymethylcellulose zincibilika emanzini kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa futhi azincibiliki kuzincibilikisi zemvelo (ngaphandle kokumbalwa). Kusetshenziswa lesi sakhiwo, izinto zokuxosha uwoyela ezahlukahlukene nezinto zefilimu ezincibilikayo zingalungiswa.

2.3 Ukuqina

I-Cellulose ether ichithwa emanzini ngendlela ye-colloid, i-viscosity yayo incike ezingeni le-polymerization ye-cellulose ether, futhi isixazululo siqukethe ama-macromolecules e-hydrated. Ngenxa yokubambeka kwama-macromolecules, ukugeleza kokuziphatha kwezixazululo kuyahluka kuketshezi lwe-Newtonian, kodwa kubonisa ukuziphatha okushintsha ngamandla okugunda. Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-macromolecular se-cellulose ether, i-viscosity yesisombululo ikhula ngokushesha ngokwanda kokugxila futhi yehla ngokushesha ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa. Ngokwezici zayo, ama-cellulose ethers afana ne-carboxymethyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose angasetshenziswa njengama-thieners amakhemikhali ansuku zonke, ama-ejenti abamba amanzi okugcoba amaphepha, kanye nama-thickeners okugcoba kwezakhiwo.

2.4 Ukuwohloka

Lapho i-cellulose ether ichitheka esigabeni samanzi, amabhaktheriya azokhula, futhi ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya kuzoholela ekukhiqizeni amagciwane e-enzyme. I-enzyme iphula amabhondi eyunithi ye-anhydroglucose engashintshiwe aseduze ne-cellulose ether, enciphisa isisindo se-molecule ye-polymer. Ngakho-ke, uma isixazululo samanzi se-cellulose ether kufanele sigcinwe isikhathi eside, izivimbelakuvunda kufanele zengezwe kuso, futhi izinyathelo ezithile zokubulala amagciwane kufanele zithathwe ngisho nama-cellulose ethers anezindawo zokulwa namagciwane.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether embonini yephepha

3.1 I-ejenti yokuqinisa amaphepha

Isibonelo, i-CMC ingasetshenziswa njenge-fiber dispersant kanye ne-ejenti yokuqinisa iphepha, engafakwa ku-pulp. Njengoba i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose inenani elifanayo nezinhlayiya ze-pulp ne-filler, ingakhuphula ukulingana kwefayibha. Umthelela wokuhlanganisa phakathi kwemicu ungathuthukiswa, futhi izinkomba zomzimba ezifana namandla aqinile, amandla aqhumayo, nokulingana kwephepha kungathuthukiswa. Isibonelo, i-Longzhu nabanye basebenzisa u-100% we-sulfite wood pulp engu-100%, i-talcum powder engu-20%, i-rosin glue ehlakazekile engu-1, lungisa inani le-pH libe ngu-4.5 nge-aluminium sulfate, futhi basebenzisa i-viscosity ephakeme CMC (viscosity 800~1200MPA.S) Izinga ukushintshwa ngu-0.6. Kuyabonakala ukuthi i-CMC ingathuthukisa amandla omile wephepha futhi ithuthukise nedigri yayo yokulinganisa.

3.2 I-ejenti yokulinganisa indawo

I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa indawo yephepha ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla angaphezulu ephepha. Ukusebenza kwayo kungakhuphula amandla angaphezulu ngo-10% uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamanje kotshwala be-polyvinyl kanye ne-ejenti yokulinganisa isitashi eguquliwe, futhi umthamo ungancishiswa cishe ngo-30%. Kuyi-ejenti ethembisayo kakhulu yokulinganisa indawo yokwenza iphepha, futhi lolu chungechunge lwezinhlobo ezintsha kufanele luthuthukiswe ngenkuthalo. I-Cationic cellulose ether inokusebenza okungcono kokulinganisa kwendawo kunesitashi se-cationic. Ngeke nje ithuthukise amandla angaphezulu ephepha, kodwa futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwephepha lokumuncwa uyinki futhi yandise umphumela wokudaya. Futhi iyi-ejenti ethembisayo yokulinganisa indawo. U-Mo Lihuan kanye nabanye basebenzisa i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose kanye nesitashi esifakwe oxidized ukwenza izivivinyo zokulinganisa ubukhulu ephepheni nasekhadini. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-CMC inomphumela ofanele wokulinganisa indawo.

I-Methyl carboxymethyl cellulose sodium inomsebenzi othile wokulinganisa, futhi i-carboxymethyl cellulose sodium ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa i-pulp. Ngaphezu kweziqu zayo zokulinganisa, i-cationic cellulose ether ingasetshenziswa njengesihlungi sokusiza ukugcina iphepha, ithuthukise izinga lokugcinwa kwemicu emihle kanye nezigcwalisi, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuqinisa iphepha.

3.3 I-Emulsion stabilizer

I-Cellulose ether isetshenziswa kabanzi ekulungiseleleni i-emulsion ngenxa yomphumela wayo omuhle wokuqina esixazululweni samanzi, esingakhuphula i-viscosity ye-emulsion dispersion medium futhi ivimbele imvula ye-emulsion kanye ne-stratification. Njenge-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, njll. ingasetshenziswa njengeziqinisi kanye nama-agent avikelayo e-anionic ehlakaziwe ye-rosin gum, i-cationic cellulose ether, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, i-ether cellulose cellulose, njll. i-ether, njll. ingasetshenziswa futhi njengama-ejenti okuvikela we-cationic disperse rosin gum, i-AKD, i-ASA namanye ama-ejenti wokulinganisa. Longzhu et al. wasebenzisa 100% bleached sulfite wood pulp, 20% talcum powder, 1% ehlakaziwe rosin glue, walungisa inani pH ukuze 4.5 nge-aluminium sulfate, futhi wasebenzisa viscosity ephakeme CMC (viscosity 800~12000MPA.S). Izinga lokushintsha lingu-0.6, futhi lisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa kwangaphakathi. Kungabonakala emiphumeleni ukuthi izinga lokulinganisa lerabha ye-rosin equkethe i-CMC ngokusobala liyathuthukiswa, futhi ukuzinza kwe-emulsion ye-rosin kuhle, futhi izinga lokugcinwa kwezinto zenjoloba liphezulu.

3.4 I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi enamathelayo

Isetshenziselwa ukugqoka nokucubungula iphepha lokuhlanganisa i-binder, i-cyanoethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, njll. ingathatha indawo ye-casein nengxenye ye-latex, ukuze uyinki wokuphrinta ungene kalula futhi imiphetho icacile. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether ingasetshenziswa njenge-pigment dispersant, thickener, i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi kanye ne-stabilizer. Isibonelo, inani le-carboxymethyl cellulose elisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti egcina amanzi lapho kulungiswa izimbotshana zephepha ezimboziwe ngu-1-2%.

4. Ithrendi Yokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Cellulose Ether Esetshenziswa Embonini Yamaphepha

Ukusetshenziswa kokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali ukuthola okuphuma ku-cellulose ngemisebenzi ekhethekile kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokufuna ukusetshenziswa okusha kwesivuno esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni se-organic matter-cellulose. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuphuma kwe-cellulose nemisebenzi ebanzi, futhi ama-cellulose ethers asetshenziswe ezimbonini eziningi ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemboni yephepha, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cellulose ether kufanele kunake lezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

(1) Thuthukisa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokucaciswa kwama-cellulose ethers afanele ukusetshenziswa kwemboni yephepha, njengemikhiqizo yochungechunge enamazinga ahlukene okushintsha, ama-viscosity ahlukene, nenqwaba yamangqamuzana ahlukene ahlobene, ukuze akhethwe ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zephepha.

(2) Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zama-cellulose ethers kufanele kwandiswe, njengama-cationic cellulose ethers afaneleka ukugcina amaphepha kanye nezinsiza zokudonsa amanzi, ama-ejenti okulinganisa ubukhulu, kanye nama-zwitterionic cellulose ether angasetshenziswa njengama-ejenti aqinisayo esikhundleni sokuvala i-latex Cyanoethyl cellulose ether. nokunye okunjalo njengesibopho.

(3) Qinisa ucwaningo ngenqubo yokulungiselela i-cellulose ether kanye nendlela yayo entsha yokulungiselela, ikakhulukazi ucwaningo lokunciphisa izindleko nokwenza inqubo ibe lula.

(4) Qinisa ucwaningo mayelana nezakhiwo ze-cellulose ethers, ikakhulukazi izakhiwo zefilimu, izakhiwo zokubopha kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile zama-cellulose ethers ahlukahlukene, futhi uqinise ucwaningo lwethiyori mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ethers ekwenzeni iphepha.