I-cellulose ether ne-latex powder odakeni lwezentengiselwano

Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kodaka lwezentengiselwano ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe uchazwa kafushane, futhi imisebenzi yezimpushana ezomile ze-polymer, i-cellulose ether kanye ne-latex powder, odakeni lwezentengiselwano oluxutshwe okomile, okuhlanganisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukumuncwa kwamanzi e-capillary, namandla okuguquguquka udaka. , amandla acindezelayo, imodulus enwebekayo, kanye nomthelela wamandla okuqina webhondi wokwelapha okuhlukile kwezinga lokushisa kwemvelo.

Amagama angukhiye: udaka lwezentengiselwano; umlando wokuthuthuka; izakhiwo zomzimba nezemishini; i-cellulose ether; i-latex powder; umphumela

Udaka lwezentengiselwano kumele luhlangabezane nenqubo yokuthuthuka yokuqala, ukuchuma nokugcwala kwamanzi njengokhonkolo wezohwebo. Umbhali uhlongoze ku- "China Building Materials" ngo-1995 ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa nokukhuthazwa e-China kusengase kube yiphupho, kodwa namuhla, udaka lwezentengiselwano luyaziwa abantu embonini njengokhonkolo lwezentengiselwano, futhi ukukhiqizwa e-China sekuqalile ukubonakala. . Kunjalo, kusengeyobungane. Udaka lwezentengiselwano luhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: udaka oluxutshwe ngaphambili (olomile) nodaka oluxutshwe ngomumo. Udaka oluxutshiwe (olumile) lwaziwa nangokuthi impushana eyomile, ingxube eyomile, udaka lwempushana eyomile noma udaka lwemiksi eyomile. Yakhiwe ngezinto zika-cementitious, ama-aggregates amahle, ama-admixtures nezinye izinto eziqinile. Kuwudaka owenziwe kancane owenziwe ngezithako ezinembile kanye nokuxuba okufanayo efektri, ngaphandle kokuxuba amanzi. Ukuxuba amanzi kunezelwa lapho unyakaziswa endaweni yokwakha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ihluke kudaka oluxutshwe ngaphambili (olomile), udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo lusho udaka oluxutshwe ngokuphelele efektri, kuhlanganise namanzi okuxutshwa. Lolu daka lungasetshenziswa ngokuqondile lapho luyiswa endaweni yokwakha.

I-China yathuthukisa ngamandla udaka lwezentengiselwano ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990. Namuhla, isithuthuke yaba emakhulwini ezitshalo zokukhiqiza, futhi abakhiqizi basakazwa kakhulu e-Beijing, e-Shanghai, e-Guangzhou nasezindaweni ezizungezile. I-Shanghai iyindawo eyakha udaka lwempahla phambilini. Ngo-2000, i-Shanghai yamemezela futhi yasebenzisa indinganiso yendawo yase-Shanghai “Imithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe Yokukhiqiza Nokusetshenziswa Kodaka Oluxubile” kanye “Nemithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe Yokukhiqiza Nokusetshenziswa Kodaka Oluxubile”. I-Notice on Ready-Mixed (Commercial) Mortar, ebeka ngokucacile ukuthi kusukela ngo-2003 kuqhubeke, wonke amaphrojekthi amasha okwakha ngaphakathi kweRing Road azosebenzisa udaka oluxubekile (lohwebo), futhi kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2004, wonke amaphrojekthi wokwakha amasha e-Shanghai sebenzisa udaka oluxubekile (lohwebo). ) udaka, okuwumgomo wokuqala kanye nomthethonqubo ezweni lami wokugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kodaka (oluxubile) oluxubekile. NgoJanuwari 2003, kwamenyezelwa i-"Shanghai Ready-Mixed (Commercial) Mortar Product Certification Measures" yamenyezelwa, eyasebenzisa ukuphathwa kwezitifiketi kanye nokuphathwa kokugunyazwa kodaka oluxubekile (lohwebo), futhi yacacisa ukukhiqizwa kodaka oluxubile (lohwebo) lwamabhizinisi. kufanele ifinyelele izimo zezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo eziyisisekelo zaselabhorethri. Ngo-September 2004, i-Shanghai yakhipha “Isaziso Semithetho Eminingi Yokusetshenziswa Kodaka Oluxubile Kumaphrojekthi Wokwakha e-Shanghai”. I-Beijing iphinde yamemezela futhi yasebenzisa “Imithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe Yokukhiqiza Nokusetshenziswa Kodaka Lwezimpahla”. I-Guangzhou kanye ne-Shenzhen nazo zihlanganisa futhi ziqalisa ukusebenzisa “Imithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe Yokusetshenziswa Kodaka Oluxubile” kanye “Nemithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe Yokusetshenziswa Kodaka Oluxubile”.

Ngokukhula okwandayo kokukhiqizwa nokufakwa kodaka oluxutshwe okomile, ngo-2002, i-China Bulk Cement Promotion and Development Association yaba nesemina yodaka oluxutshwe okomile. Ngo-April 2004, i-China Bulk Cement Promotion and Development Association yasungula ikomiti lochwepheshe lodaka oluxubile. NgoJuni noSepthemba wonyaka ofanayo, izingqungquthela kazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe zobuchwepheshe obuxubene nezomile zabanjwa e-Shanghai naseBeijing ngokulandelana. NgoMashi 2005, Igatsha Lezinto Zokusebenza le-China Construction Industry Association nalo labamba inkulumo kazwelonke mayelana nokwakhiwa kodaka oluxubekile lobuchwepheshe kanye nomhlangano wokushintshisana wokugqugquzela nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezimpumelelo ezintsha. Igatsha Lezinto Zokwakha le-Architectural Society of China lihlela ukubamba iNkomfa Kazwelonke Yokushintshana Kwezemfundo Yezinsimbi Ngodaka Lwempahla ngoNovemba 2005.

Njengokhonkolo wezohwebo, udaka lwezentengiselwano lunezici zokukhiqiza okumaphakathi kanye nokuhlinzekwa okuhlangene, okungadala izimo ezivumayo zokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha nezinto zokwakha, ukusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokwakha, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yephrojekthi. Ukuphakama kodaka lwezentengiselwano ngokwekhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, umnotho nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kunjengoba bekulindelekile eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ngocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhuthazwa kanye nokusetshenziswa, iye yaboniswa ngokwandayo futhi iyaqashelwa kancane kancane. Umbhali ubelokhu ekholelwa ukuthi ukuphakama kodaka lwezentengiselwano kungafingqwa ngamagama amane: amaningi, ayashesha, amahle, futhi ayonga; Ukuzila kusho ukulungiswa kwempahla esheshayo nokwakhiwa ngokushesha; Okuthathu okuhle ukugcinwa kahle kwamanzi, ukusebenza kahle, nokuqina okuhle; izifundazwe ezine ezonga abasebenzi, ezonga impahla, ezonga imali, futhi azikhathazeki). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kodaka lwezentengiselwano kungafeza ukwakhiwa okuphucuzekile, kunciphise izingosi zokupakisha izinto ezibonakalayo, futhi kugweme ukundiza uthuli, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nokuvikela ukubukeka kwedolobha.

Umehluko kukhonkolo wezohwebo ukuthi udaka lwezentengiselwano luvame ukuxutshwa (omile) udaka, olwakhiwe ngezinto eziqinile, futhi ingxube esetshenziswayo ngokuvamile iyimpushana eqinile. Izimpushana ezisekelwe ku-polymer zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izimpushana ezomile ze-polymer. Olunye udaka oluxutshwe ngaphambili (olumile) luxubene nezinhlobo eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa zezimpushana ezomile ze-polymer, futhi izimpushana ezomile ze-polymer ezihlukene zidlala izindima ezihlukene. Lesi sihloko sithatha uhlobo olulodwa lwe-cellulose ether kanye nohlobo olulodwa lwempushana ye-latex njengezibonelo ukukhombisa indima ye-polymer powder eyomile odakeni oluxutshwe ngaphambili (olomile). Eqinisweni, lo mphumela ufanelekile kunoma yiluphi udaka lwezentengiselwano oluhlanganisa nodaka oluxutshwe ngomumo.

1. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi

Umphumela wokugcina amanzi wodaka uvezwa izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi libhekisela esilinganisweni samanzi agcinwe udaka olusanda kuxutshwa ngemva kokuba iphepha lokuhlunga limunca amanzi emanzini. Ukwenyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka olusha. Ukwenyuka kwenani le-latex powder nakho kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka olusanda kuxutshwa, kodwa umphumela ungaphansi kakhulu kunalowo we-cellulose ether. Lapho i-cellulose ether ne-latex powder kuhlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka olusanda kuxutshwa liphezulu kunelo lodaka oluxutshwe ne-cellulose ether noma impushana ye-latex iyodwa. Izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lokuhlanganisa inhlanganisela ngokuyisisekelo liwukugxunyekwa okukodwa kwe-polymer eyodwa.

2. Ukumuncwa kwamanzi e-Capillary

Kusukela ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwe-coefficient yokumuncwa kwamanzi kodaka kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, kungabonakala ukuthi ngemva kokwengeza i-cellulose ether, i-coefficient yokumuncwa kwamanzi e-capillary yodaka iba mncane, futhi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, I-coefficient yokumuncwa kwamanzi yodaka olushintshiwe iyancipha kancane kancane. Encane. Kusukela ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwe-coefficient yokumuncwa kwamanzi yodaka kanye nenani le-latex powder, kungabonakala ukuthi ngemva kokwengeza i-latex powder, i-coefficient yokumuncwa kwamanzi e-capillary yodaka nayo iba yincane. Ngokuvamile, i-coefficient yokumuncwa kwamanzi yodaka iyancipha kancane kancane ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-latex powder.

3. Amandla okuguquguquka

Ukwengezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunciphisa amandla okuguquguquka kodaka. Ukwengezwa kwe-latex powder kwandisa amandla e-flexural of the mortar. I-latex powder kanye ne-cellulose ether ihlanganiswe, futhi amandla aguquguqukayo odaka oluguquliwe awashintshi kakhulu ngenxa yomphumela we-compound walokhu okubili.

4. Amandla acindezelayo

Ngokufanayo nomthelela emandleni aguquguqukayo odaka, ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunciphisa amandla okucindezela odaka, futhi ukunciphisa kukhulu. Kodwa lapho okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kudlula inani elithile, amandla okucindezela odaka olushintshiwe ngeke ashintshe kakhulu.

Uma i-latex powder ixubene yodwa, amandla okucindezela odaka oluguquliwe abuye abonise umkhuba oyancipha ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-latex powder. I-latex powder kanye ne-cellulose ether ehlanganisiwe, ngokushintsha kokuqukethwe kwe-latex powder, ukwehla kwenani lamandla okucindezela udaka kuncane.

5. I-modulus yokuqina

Ngokufana nomthelela we-cellulose ether emandleni aguquguqukayo odaka, ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunciphisa i-modulus eguquguqukayo yodaka, futhi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, i-modulus eguquguqukayo yodaka iyancipha kancane kancane. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kukukhulu, imoduli eguquguqukayo yodaka ishintsha kancane ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwayo.

Ukushintshashintsha kwe-modulus eguquguqukayo ye-modulus enokuqukethwe kwe-latex powder kufana nomkhuba wamandla okucindezela udaka ngokuqukethwe kwe-latex powder. Uma i-latex powder yengezwa yodwa, i-modulus eguquguqukayo yodaka oluguquliwe iphinde ibonise umkhuba wokuqala wokunciphisa bese ukhuphuka kancane, bese uyancipha kancane kancane ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-latex powder. Lapho i-latex powder kanye ne-cellulose ether kuhlanganiswa, i-modulus eguquguqukayo yodaka ivame ukwehla kancane ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-latex powder, kodwa ububanzi boshintsho alukhulu.

6. Amandla okuqina webhondi

Izimo ezihlukene zokuphulukisa (isiko lomoya elaphelwe emoyeni ojwayelekile wokushisa izinsuku ezingama-28; isiko elixubile-kulapheka emoyeni ojwayelekile wokushisa izinsuku eziyi-7, kulandele izinsuku ezingama-21 emanzini; isiko eliqandisiwe elixutshwe nesiko izinsuku ezingama-28 bese kuba imijikelezo engama-25 yokuncibilika kweqhwa. ; isiko lokushisa lomoya-umoya izinsuku eziyi-14 Ngemva kokulibeka ku-70°C ka-7d), ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla aqinile ahlanganisiwe odaka kanye nenani le-cellulose ether. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni amandla okuqina okuboshiwe odaka lukasimende; kodwa-ke, izinga lokukhuphuka kwamandla okuqina okuboshiwe lihlukile ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokwelapha. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa i-latex powder engu-3%, amandla okuqina okubopha ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphulukisa angathuthukiswa kakhulu.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla okuqina ebhondi yodaka kanye nokuqukethwe kwempushana ye-latex ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokwelapha. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-latex powder kusiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla e-tensile yesibopho sodaka, kodwa inani elingeziwe likhulu kune-cellulose ether.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umnikelo we-polymer ezindaweni zodaka ngemuva kwezinguquko ezinkulu zokushisa. Ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-25 yokuncibilika kweqhwa, uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo ezivamile zokushisa komoya kanye nezimo zokuphulukisa ezixutshwe komoya namanzi, amanani okuqina okubophayo azo zonke izilinganiso zodaka lukasimende ancipha kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi udaka olujwayelekile, inani layo lamandla okuqina okubopha lehle laya ku-0.25MPa; odakeni lwe-polymer omile oluyimpushana olushintshiwe usimende, nakuba amandla okuqina okubopha ngemva kwemijikelezo yokuncibilika kweqhwa nawo ehle kakhulu, cishe asekhona ku-0.5MPa ngaphezulu. Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether ne-latex powder, izinga lokulahlekelwa amandla ebhondi lodaka lukasimende ngemva kwemijikelezo yokuncibilika kweqhwa libonise inkambiso enciphayo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kokubili i-cellulose ether kanye ne-latex powder kungathuthukisa ukusebenza komjikelezo wokuqandisa udaka lukasimende, futhi phakathi kohlu oluthile lwesilinganiso, umthamo omkhulu wempushana eyomile ye-polymer, kuba ngcono ukusebenza kweqhwa lokuncibilika kodaka lukasimende. Amandla aqinile okuqina odaka lukasimende ashintshwe i-cellulose ether kanye nempushana ye-latex ngemva kwemijikelezo yokuncibilika kweqhwa makhulu kunodaka lukasimende olulungiswe ngenye ye-polymer eyomile eyimpushana iyodwa, kanye ne-cellulose ether Inhlanganisela ne-latex powder yenza izinga lokulahlekelwa amandla okudonsa kwebhondi likasimende lincane ngemva komjikelezo wokuncibilika.

Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme zokuphulukisa, amandla aqinile okubopha usimende oguquliwe asakhula ngokwanda kwe-cellulose ether noma okuqukethwe kwe-latex powder, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zokuphulukisa komoya kanye nezimo zokuphulukisa ezixubile. Iphansi kakhulu, iphansi ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zomjikelezo weqhwa. Kubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu yisimo esibi kakhulu sokusebenza kokubopha. Uma ixutshwe ne-0-0.7% ye-cellulose ether iyodwa, amandla okuqina odaka ngaphansi kokwelashwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu aweqi ku-0.5MPa. Uma impushana ye-latex ixutshwa iyodwa, inani lamandla okuqina elibophezelayo likasimende oshintshiwe lingaphezu nje kuka-0.5 MPa lapho inani likhulu impela (njengama-8%). Kodwa-ke, lapho i-cellulose ether ne-latex powder kuhlanganiswa futhi inani lalokhu okubili lincane, amandla okuqina okubopha osimende ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme zokuphulukisa kukhulu kune-0.5 MPa. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-cellulose ether kanye ne-latex powder nayo ingathuthukisa amandla okubopha okuqinile kodaka ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme, ukuze udaka lukasimende lube nokuzinza okuhle kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuguquguquka kokushisa okuphezulu, futhi umphumela ubaluleke kakhulu lapho lezi zimbili zihlanganiswa.

7. Isiphetho

Ukwakhiwa kweChina kusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kuyanda unyaka nonyaka, kufinyelele ku-2 billion m² kulo nyaka, ikakhulukazi izakhiwo zomphakathi, izimboni nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlala zenza ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenqwaba yezindlu ezindala ezidinga ukulungiswa. Imibono emisha, izinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe obusha, namazinga amasha ayadingeka kukho kokubili ukwakhiwa okusha nokulungiswa kwezindlu. Ngokohlaka Lweminyaka Eyishumi Yohlelo Lokwakha Amandla Okwakha Umnyango Wezokwakha” olwamenyezelwa uMnyango Wezokwakha ngoJuni 20, 2002, umsebenzi wokonga ugesi wokwakha phakathi nesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Yeminyaka Emihlanu” kufanele uqhubeke nokonga. ukwakha amandla kanye nokwenza ngcono imvelo eshisayo yesakhiwo kanye nokulungiswa kodonga. Ngokusekelwe kumgomo wokuhlanganisa, izinga lokuklama elingu-50% lokonga amandla kufanele lisetshenziswe ngokugcwele ezakhiweni zokufudumeza ezisanda kwakhiwa emadolobheni asezindaweni ezibandayo nezibandayo enyakatho. Konke lokhu kudinga izinto ezihambisanayo ezisekelayo. Inani elikhulu lazo udaka, okuhlanganisa udaka lwamatshe, udaka lokulungisa, udaka olungangeni manzi, izinsika ezishisayo, izinsimbi ezimboziwe, izinamatheliso zezitini, ama-interface esibonakalayo kakhonkolo, ama-caulking mortars, udaka olukhethekile lwamasistimu okufakwa odongeni lwangaphandle, njll. Ukuze ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yobunjiniyela kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza, udaka lwezentengiselwano kufanele luthuthukiswe ngamandla. I-polymer powder eyomile inemisebenzi ehlukene, futhi ukuhlukahluka kanye nomthamo kufanele kukhethwe ngokuvumelana nesicelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe izinguquko ezinkulu kuzinga lokushisa elizungezile, ikakhulukazi umthelela ekusebenzeni kokubopha kodaka lapho isimo sezulu siphezulu.