Kini hydrocolloid ṣe?

Hydrocolloids wa ni ojo melo kq ti gun-gun moleku ti o ni a hydrophilic (omi-famọra) ipin ati ki o le tun ni hydrophobic (omi-repelling) awọn agbegbe. Awọn moleku wọnyi le wa lati oriṣiriṣi awọn orisun adayeba tabi awọn orisun sintetiki ati pe o lagbara lati ṣe awọn gels tabi awọn pipinka viscous nigbati wọn tuka sinu omi tabi awọn ojutu olomi.

Eyi ni diẹ ninu awọn oriṣi ti o wọpọ ti hydrocolloids ati awọn orisun wọn:

1. Polysaccharides:
   • Agar: Ti o wa lati inu ewe okun, agar ni nipataki ti agarose ati agaropectin, eyiti o jẹ polysaccharides ti o jẹ ti awọn iwọn atunwi ti galactose ati awọn suga galactose ti a ṣe atunṣe.
   • Alginate: Ti a gba lati awọn ewe alawọ ewe, alginate jẹ polysaccharide kan ti o jẹ ti mannuronic acid ati awọn ẹya guluronic acid, ti a ṣeto ni awọn ọna yiyan.
   • Pectin: Ti a rii ninu awọn ogiri sẹẹli ti awọn eso, pectin jẹ polysaccharide eka ti o ni awọn ẹya galacturonic acid pẹlu awọn iwọn oriṣiriṣi ti methylation.
2. Awọn ọlọjẹ:
   • Gelatin: Ti a jade lati kolaginni, gelatin jẹ hydrocolloid proteinaceous ti o ni awọn amino acids, ti o jẹ pataki glycine, proline, ati hydroxyproline.
   • Casein: Ri ninu wara, casein jẹ ẹgbẹ kan ti awọn phosphoproteins ti o ṣe hydrocolloids ni iwaju awọn ions kalisiomu labẹ awọn ipo ekikan.
3. Awọn Polymer Sintetiki:
   • Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): polymer ologbele-synthetic ti o wa lati inu cellulose, HPMC jẹ atunṣe kemikali lati ṣafihan hydroxypropyl ati awọn ẹgbẹ methyl sori ẹhin cellulose.
   • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): Tun yo lati cellulose, CMC faragba carboxymethylation lati se agbekale carboxymethyl awọn ẹgbẹ pẹlẹpẹlẹ awọn cellulose be.

Awọn hydrocolloids wọnyi ni awọn ẹya kemikali kan pato ati awọn ẹgbẹ iṣẹ ṣiṣe ti o jẹ ki wọn ṣe ajọṣepọ pẹlu awọn ohun elo omi nipasẹ isunmọ hydrogen, awọn ibaraenisepo elekitiroti, ati awọn ipa hydration. Bi abajade, wọn ṣe afihan awọn ohun-ini rheological alailẹgbẹ, gẹgẹbi iki, gelation, ati awọn agbara ṣiṣe fiimu, eyiti o jẹ ki wọn jẹ awọn eroja ti o niyelori ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ohun elo ile-iṣẹ, pẹlu ounjẹ, awọn oogun, awọn ohun ikunra, ati awọn aṣọ.