Awọn abuda, igbaradi ati ohun elo ti ether cellulose ni ile-iṣẹ

Awọn oriṣi, awọn ọna igbaradi, awọn ohun-ini ati awọn abuda ti ether cellulose ni a ṣe atunyẹwo, bakanna bi awọn ohun elo ti ether cellulose ni epo, ikole, ṣiṣe iwe, aṣọ, oogun, ounjẹ, awọn ohun elo fọtoelectric ati ile-iṣẹ kemikali ojoojumọ. Diẹ ninu awọn oriṣi tuntun ti awọn itọsẹ ether cellulose pẹlu awọn ifojusọna idagbasoke ni a ṣe afihan ati pe awọn ireti ohun elo wọn ni ireti.

Awọn ọrọ pataki:ether cellulose; Iṣe; Ohun elo; Awọn itọsẹ Cellulose

Cellulose jẹ iru ẹda polima adayeba. Eto kemikali rẹ jẹ macromolecule polysaccharide pẹlu β-glucose anhydrous bi iwọn ipilẹ, pẹlu ẹgbẹ hydroxyl akọkọ kan ati awọn ẹgbẹ hydroxyl keji meji lori oruka ipilẹ kọọkan. Nipa iyipada kemikali, lẹsẹsẹ awọn itọsẹ cellulose le ṣee gba, cellulose ether jẹ ọkan ninu wọn. Cellulose ether ti wa ni gba nipasẹ awọn lenu ti cellulose ati NaOH, ati ki o si etherize pẹlu orisirisi iṣẹ-ṣiṣe monomers bi methane kiloraidi, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, bbl, nipa fifọ awọn nipasẹ-ọja iyo ati soda cellulose. Cellulose ether jẹ itọsẹ pataki ti cellulose, le ṣee lo ni lilo pupọ ni oogun ati ilera, kemikali ojoojumọ, iwe, ounjẹ, oogun, ikole, awọn ohun elo ati awọn ile-iṣẹ miiran. Nitorinaa, idagbasoke ati iṣamulo ti ether cellulose ni pataki rere fun lilo okeerẹ ti awọn orisun baomasi isọdọtun, idagbasoke awọn ohun elo tuntun ati awọn imọ-ẹrọ tuntun.

1. Iyasọtọ ati igbaradi ti ether cellulose

Ipinsi awọn ethers cellulose ni gbogbogbo pin si awọn ẹka mẹrin ni ibamu si awọn ohun-ini ionic wọn.

1.1 Nonionic cellulose ether

Ti kii-ionic cellulose ether jẹ akọkọ cellulose alkyl ether, ọna igbaradi jẹ nipasẹ cellulose ati iṣesi NaOH, ati lẹhinna pẹlu orisirisi awọn monomers iṣẹ-ṣiṣe gẹgẹbi methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide etherification lenu, ati lẹhinna nipa fifọ ọja nipasẹ-ọja. iyọ ati iṣuu soda cellulose lati gba. Ether methyl cellulose akọkọ, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl cellulose ether, hydroxybutyl cellulose ether. Ohun elo rẹ fife pupọ.

1.2 Anionic cellulose ether

Anionic cellulose ether jẹ o kun carboxymethyl cellulose soda, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose soda. Ọna igbaradi jẹ nipasẹ iṣesi ti cellulose ati NaOH, ati lẹhinna etherify pẹlu monochloroacetic acid tabi ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, ati lẹhinna wẹ iyọ nipasẹ-ọja ati iṣuu soda cellulose lati gba.

1.3 cationic cellulose ether

Cationic cellulose ether jẹ o kun 3 – chlorine – 2 – hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium kiloraidi cellulose ether. Ọna igbaradi jẹ nipasẹ iṣesi ti cellulose ati NaOH, ati lẹhinna cationic etherifying oluranlowo 3 – chlorine – 2 – hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride tabi ethylene oxide, propylene oxide paapọ pẹlu etherifying lenu, ati lẹhinna nipa fifọ iyọ nipasẹ ọja ati iṣuu soda. cellulose lati gba.

1.4 ether cellulose Zwitterionic

Zwitterionic cellulose ether ni awọn ẹgbẹ anionic mejeeji ati awọn ẹgbẹ cationic lori pq molikula, ọna igbaradi jẹ nipasẹ cellulose ati iṣesi NaOH, ati lẹhinna pẹlu chloroacetic acid ati oluranlowo etherifying cationic 3 – chlorine – 2 hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride etherification lenu, ati lẹhinna fo. nipasẹ-ọja iyọ ati soda cellulose ati ki o gba.

2.awọn ohun-ini ati awọn abuda ti ether cellulose

2.1 Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ifarahan

Cellulose ether jẹ funfun ni gbogbogbo tabi funfun wara, ti ko ni itọwo, ti kii ṣe majele, pẹlu ṣiṣan ti lulú fibrous, rọrun lati fa ọrinrin, tituka sinu omi sinu colloid iduroṣinṣin viscous ti o han gbangba.

2.2 Film Ibiyi ati adhesion

Etherification ti ether cellulose ni ipa nla lori awọn ohun-ini rẹ, gẹgẹbi solubility, agbara ṣiṣẹda fiimu, agbara mnu ati ifarada iyọ. Cellulose ether ni agbara ẹrọ ti o ga, irọrun, ooru resistance ati tutu tutu, ati pe o ni ibamu ti o dara pẹlu orisirisi awọn resins ati awọn plastiki, le ṣee lo lati ṣe awọn pilasitik, awọn fiimu, awọn varnishes, awọn adhesives, latex ati awọn ohun elo oogun.

2.3 Solubility

Methyl cellulose tiotuka ninu omi tutu, insoluble ninu omi gbona, ṣugbọn tun tiotuka ni diẹ ninu awọn olomi Organic; Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose tiotuka ninu omi tutu, insoluble ninu omi gbigbona ati awọn olomi Organic. Ṣugbọn nigbati ojutu olomi ti methyl cellulose ati methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ti gbona, cellulose methyl ati methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yoo ṣaju jade. Methyl cellulose ti ṣafẹri ni 45 ~ 60 ℃, lakoko ti o ti dapọ etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose precipitated ni 65 ~ 80 ℃. Nigbati iwọn otutu ba lọ silẹ, awọn precipitates yoo tun yanju.

Sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose ati carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose jẹ tiotuka ninu omi ni eyikeyi iwọn otutu, sugbon insoluble ni Organic olomi (pẹlu kan diẹ awọn imukuro).

2.4 Ti o nipọn

Cellulose ether ti wa ni tituka ninu omi ni colloidal fọọmu, ati awọn oniwe-iki da lori awọn ìyí ti polymerization ti cellulose ether. Ojutu naa ni awọn macromolecules ti hydration. Nitori idinamọ ti awọn macromolecules, ihuwasi sisan ti ojutu yatọ si ti awọn omi-omi Newtonian, ṣugbọn ṣe afihan ihuwasi ti o yatọ pẹlu iyipada ti awọn agbara irẹrun. Nitori eto macromolecular ti ether cellulose, iki ti ojutu pọ si ni iyara pẹlu ifọkansi ti o pọ si ati dinku ni iyara pẹlu iwọn otutu ti o pọ si.

2.5 Ibajẹ

A lo ether cellulose ni ipele olomi. Niwọn igba ti omi ba wa, kokoro arun yoo dagba. Idagba ti awọn kokoro arun nyorisi iṣelọpọ ti awọn kokoro arun henensiamu. Awọn kokoro arun henensiamu ṣe aropo ẹyọ glukosi gbigbẹ ti ko ni aropo nitosi si isinmi ether cellulose ati iwuwo molikula ti polima dinku. Nitori naa, ti ojutu olomi ti cellulose ether ba ni lati tọju fun igba pipẹ, o yẹ ki o fi ohun itọju kun si, paapaa ti a ba lo ether cellulose antibacterial.

3.awọn ohun elo ti cellulose ether ni ile ise

3.1 Petroleum Industry

Iṣuu soda carboxymethyl cellulose jẹ lilo akọkọ ni ilokulo epo. O ti wa ni lo ninu awọn manufacture ti pẹtẹpẹtẹ lati mu iki ati ki o din omi pipadanu. O le koju ọpọlọpọ idoti iyọ tiotuka ati ilọsiwaju oṣuwọn imularada epo.

Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ati soda carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose jẹ iru kan ti o dara liluho ẹrẹ itọju oluranlowo ati igbaradi ti Ipari ito ohun elo, ga pulping oṣuwọn, iyọ resistance, kalisiomu resistance, ti o dara viscosification agbara, otutu resistance (160 ℃). Dara fun igbaradi ti omi titun, omi okun ati omi liluho omi iyọ ti o kun, labẹ iwuwo kalisiomu kiloraidi le jẹ idapọ sinu ọpọlọpọ awọn iwuwo (103 ~ 1279 / cm3) omi liluho, ati jẹ ki o ni iki kan ati isọ kekere agbara, iki rẹ ati agbara isọ dara ju hydroxyethyl cellulose, jẹ awọn afikun iṣelọpọ epo ti o dara. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ti wa ni o gbajumo ni lilo ninu awọn ilana ti epo awon nkan ti cellulose awọn itọsẹ, ni liluho ito, cementing ito, fracturing ito ati ki o mu epo gbóògì ti wa ni lilo, paapa ni liluho ito agbara jẹ tobi, akọkọ takeoff ati ibalẹ ase ati viscosification.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose ti wa ni lilo ninu awọn ilana ti liluho, Ipari ati cementing bi a ẹrẹ nipon amuduro. Nitori hydroxyethyl cellulose ati sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum akawe pẹlu ti o dara nipọn ipa, iyanrin idadoro, ga iyọ akoonu, ti o dara ooru resistance, ati kekere resistance, kere omi bibajẹ, bajẹ roba Àkọsílẹ, kekere aloku abuda, ti a ti ni opolopo lo.

3.2 Ikole ati ti a bo ile ise

Ilé ile ati plastering amọ admixture: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose le ṣee lo bi oluranlowo idaduro, oluranlowo idaduro omi, thickener ati binder, le ṣee lo bi gypsum isalẹ ati simenti isalẹ pilasita, amọ ati ilẹ ipele ohun elo dispersant, oluranlowo idaduro omi, thickener. O ti wa ni a irú ti pataki masonry ati plastering amọ admixture fun aerated nja ohun amorindun ṣe ti carboxymethyl cellulose, eyi ti o le mu awọn workability, omi idaduro ati kiraki resistance ti amọ ki o si yago fun awọn wo inu ati ṣofo ti awọn Àkọsílẹ odi.

Awọn ohun elo ohun ọṣọ ile: Cao Mingqian ati methyl cellulose miiran ti a ṣe ti iru aabo ayika awọn ohun elo ohun ọṣọ ile, ilana iṣelọpọ rẹ rọrun, mimọ, le ṣee lo fun odi giga-giga, dada tile okuta, tun le ṣee lo fun ọwọn , tabulẹti dada ọṣọ. Huang Jianping ṣe ti carboxymethyl cellulose jẹ iru kan ti seramiki tile sealant, eyi ti o ni o lagbara imora agbara, ti o dara abuku agbara, ko ni gbe awọn dojuijako ati ki o ṣubu ni pipa, ti o dara mabomire ipa, imọlẹ ati ki o lo ri awọ, pẹlu o tayọ ti ohun ọṣọ ipa.

Ohun elo ni awọn ohun elo: Methyl cellulose ati hydroxyethyl cellulose le ṣee lo bi amuduro, thickener ati omi idaduro omi fun awọn ohun elo latex, ni afikun, tun le ṣee lo bi dispersant, viscosifier ati fiimu ti n ṣe oluranlowo fun awọn awọ simenti awọ. Ṣafikun ether cellulose pẹlu awọn pato ti o yẹ ati iki si awọ latex le mu ilọsiwaju iṣẹ ikole ti awọ latex ṣe, ṣe idiwọ spatter, mu iduroṣinṣin ipamọ dara ati agbara ideri. Aaye olumulo akọkọ ni ilu okeere jẹ awọn aṣọ wiwọ latex, nitorinaa, awọn ọja ether cellulose nigbagbogbo di yiyan akọkọ ti latex paint thickener. Fun apẹẹrẹ, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether ti a ṣe atunṣe le tọju ipo ti o ni asiwaju nipọn ti awọ latex nitori awọn ohun-ini ti o dara julọ. Fun apẹẹrẹ, nitori cellulose ether ni awọn abuda jeli gbona alailẹgbẹ ati solubility, iyọda iyọ, resistance ooru, ati iṣẹ ṣiṣe dada ti o yẹ, o le ṣee lo bi oluranlowo idaduro omi, oluranlowo idadoro, emulsifier, oluranlowo fiimu, lubricant, binder and rheological Atunse .

3.3 iwe Industry

Awọn afikun tutu iwe: CMC le ṣee lo bi dispersant okun ati imudara iwe, le ṣe afikun si pulp, nitori iṣuu soda carboxymethyl cellulose ati pulp ati awọn patikulu iṣakojọpọ ni idiyele kanna, le mu irọlẹ ti okun pọ si, mu agbara ti iwe. Gẹgẹbi olufikun ti a ṣafikun inu iwe naa, o mu ifowosowopo pọ si laarin awọn okun, ati pe o le mu agbara fifẹ pọ si, resistance adehun, alẹ iwe ati awọn atọka ti ara miiran. Iṣuu soda carboxymethyl cellulose tun le ṣee lo bi aṣoju iwọn ninu apo. Ni afikun si iwọn iwọn tirẹ, o tun le ṣee lo bi oluranlowo aabo ti rosin, AKD ati awọn aṣoju iwọn miiran. Cationic cellulose ether tun le ṣee lo bi àlẹmọ idaduro iwe, mu iwọn idaduro ti okun ti o dara ati kikun, tun le ṣee lo bi imuduro iwe.

Alemora ti a bo: Ti a lo fun ti a bo processing iwe bo alemora, le ropo warankasi, apakan ti latex, ki titẹ sita inki rorun lati penetrate, ko o eti. O tun le ṣee lo bi pigment dispersant, viscosifier ati amuduro.

Aṣoju iwọn oju: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose le ṣee lo bi oluranlowo iwọn oju iwe, mu agbara oju ti iwe dara, ni akawe pẹlu lilo lọwọlọwọ ti ọti polyvinyl, sitashi ti a yipada lẹhin agbara dada le pọ si nipa 10%, iwọn lilo ti dinku. nipa nipa 30%. O jẹ aṣoju iwọn dada ti o ni ileri fun ṣiṣe iwe, ati lẹsẹsẹ ti awọn oriṣiriṣi tuntun yẹ ki o ni idagbasoke ni itara. Cationic cellulose ether ni o ni iṣẹ ṣiṣe iwọn dada ti o dara ju sitashi cationic, kii ṣe nikan le mu agbara dada ti iwe dara, ṣugbọn tun le mu imudara inki ti iwe, mu ipa dyeing pọ si, tun jẹ oluranlowo iwọn dada ti o ni ileri.

3.4 Aṣọ ile ise

Ni ile-iṣẹ asọ, ether cellulose le ṣee lo bi aṣoju iwọn, oluranlowo ipele ati oluranlowo ti o nipọn fun pulp asọ.

Aṣoju iwọn: cellulose ether gẹgẹbi sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether ati awọn orisirisi miiran le ṣee lo bi oluranlowo iwọn, ati pe ko rọrun lati deteriorate ati m, titẹ sita ati dyeing, laisi desizing, igbelaruge dye le gba aṣọ. colloid ninu omi.

Aṣoju ipele: le mu agbara hydrophilic ati osmotic ti awọ, nitori iyipada viscosity jẹ kekere, rọrun lati ṣatunṣe iyatọ awọ; Cationic cellulose ether tun ni awọ ati ipa awọ.

Aṣoju ti o nipọn: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether le ṣee lo bi titẹ ati dyeing slurry nipọn oluranlowo, pẹlu kekere iyokù, awọn abuda oṣuwọn awọ giga, jẹ kilasi ti awọn afikun asọ ti o pọju pupọ.

3.5 Ile-iṣẹ kemikali ile

Idurosinsin viscosifier: Soda methylcellulose ni ri to lulú aise awọn ọja lẹẹ awọn ọja mu a pipinka idadoro iduroṣinṣin, ni omi tabi emulsion Kosimetik nipon, kaakiri, homogenizing ati awọn miiran ipa. O le ṣee lo bi amuduro ati viscosifier.

Emulsifying amuduro: ṣe ikunra, emulsifier shampulu, oluranlowo ti o nipọn ati amuduro. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose le ṣee lo bi imuduro alemora ehin, pẹlu awọn ohun-ini thixotropic ti o dara, ki pasteti ehin naa ni apẹrẹ ti o dara, abuku igba pipẹ, aṣọ ati itọwo elege. sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose iyọ resistance, acid resistance jẹ superior, awọn ipa jẹ jina dara ju carboxymethyl cellulose, le ṣee lo bi detergent ni viscosifier, dọti asomọ idena oluranlowo.

Dispersion thickener: Ni isejade detergent, lilo gbogbogbo ti iṣuu soda carboxymethyl cellulose bi detergent detergent idọti dispersant, olomi detergent thickener ati dispersant.

3.6 Elegbogi ati ounje ile ise

Ninu ile-iṣẹ elegbogi, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose le ṣee lo bi awọn ohun elo oogun, ti a lo ni lilo pupọ ni itusilẹ iṣakoso ti oogun ẹnu ati awọn igbaradi itusilẹ idaduro, bi ohun elo idilọwọ itusilẹ lati ṣe ilana itusilẹ ti awọn oogun, bi ohun elo ti a bo ti ṣeduro itusilẹ, awọn pellets itusilẹ duro , awọn agunmi itusilẹ iduroṣinṣin. Lilo pupọ julọ ni methyl carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, gẹgẹ bi MC ni a maa n lo ni iṣelọpọ awọn tabulẹti ati awọn capsules, tabi awọn tabulẹti ti a bo suga ti a bo.

Didara didara ti ether cellulose le ṣee lo ni ile-iṣẹ ounjẹ, ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ounjẹ jẹ oluranlowo ti o nipọn ti o munadoko, emulsifier, stabilizer, excipient, oluranlowo idaduro omi ati aṣoju foomu ẹrọ. Methyl cellulose ati hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ni a ti mọ bi awọn nkan inert ti iṣelọpọ ti kii ṣe ipalara. Iwa mimọ giga (99.5% tabi diẹ ẹ sii ti nw) carboxymethyl cellulose le ṣe afikun si awọn ounjẹ, gẹgẹbi wara ati awọn ọja ipara, condiments, jams, jelly, cans, syrups table and drinks. Mimo ti diẹ sii ju 90% carboxymethyl cellulose le ṣee lo ni awọn aaye ti o ni ibatan ounjẹ, gẹgẹbi gbigbe si gbigbe ati ibi ipamọ ti awọn eso titun, fi ipari si ṣiṣu naa ni ipa itọju to dara, idoti ti o dinku, ko si ibajẹ, rọrun si awọn anfani iṣelọpọ mechanized.

3.7 Opitika ati itanna awọn ohun elo iṣẹ

Electrolyte thickening stabilizer: nitori awọn ga ti nw ti cellulose ether, ti o dara acid resistance, iyọ resistance, paapa irin ati eru irin akoonu jẹ kekere, ki awọn colloid jẹ gidigidi idurosinsin, o dara fun ipilẹ batiri, zinc manganese batiri electrolyte thickening amuduro.

Awọn ohun elo kirisita Liquid: Lati ọdun 1976, iṣawari akọkọ ti hydroxypropyl cellulose - eto omi kirisita ibeere ibeere omi, ni a ti rii ni ojutu Organic ti o dara, ọpọlọpọ awọn itọsẹ cellulose ni ifọkansi giga le ṣe agbekalẹ ojutu anisotropic, fun apẹẹrẹ, hydroxypropyl cellulose ati acetate rẹ, propionate. , benzoate, phthalate, acetyxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, bbl Ni afikun si lara colloidal ionic omi gara ojutu, diẹ ninu awọn esters ti hydroxypropyl cellulose tun fihan yi ohun ini.

Ọpọlọpọ awọn ethers cellulose ṣe afihan awọn ohun-ini kirisita omi thermotropic. Acetyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ti ṣẹda thermogenic cholesteric olomi gara ni isalẹ 164 ℃. Acetoacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, trifluoroacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose ati awọn oniwe-itọsẹ, ethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, trimethylsiliccellulose ati butyldimethylsiliccellulose, heptyl cellulose ati butoxylethyl cellulose, hydroxytatin awọn cellulose crystal, hydroxytermulose, ati be be lo. Diẹ ninu awọn esters cellulose gẹgẹbi cellulose benzoate, p-methoxybenzoate ati p-methylbenzoate, cellulose heptanate le ṣe awọn kirisita olomi thermogenic cholesteric.

Itanna idabobo ohun elo: cyanoethyl cellulose etherifying oluranlowo fun acrylonitrile, awọn oniwe-giga dielectric ibakan, kekere adanu olùsọdipúpọ, le ṣee lo bi irawọ owurọ ati electroluminescent atupa resini matrix ati transformer idabobo.

4. Awọn ifiyesi pipade

Lilo iyipada kemikali lati gba awọn itọsẹ cellulose pẹlu awọn iṣẹ pataki jẹ ọna ti o munadoko lati wa awọn lilo titun fun cellulose, ọrọ Organic adayeba ti o tobi julọ ni agbaye. Gẹgẹbi ọkan ninu awọn itọsẹ cellulose, ether cellulose gẹgẹbi ailabajẹ ti ẹkọ-ara, awọn ohun elo polima ti ko ni idoti ti ko ni idoti nitori awọn ohun-ini ti o dara julọ, ti a ti lo ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ile-iṣẹ, ati pe yoo ni ifojusọna gbooro fun idagbasoke.