Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-DS kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli yeSodium CMC

I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yipolymer enyibilikayo emanzini ephuma kwi-cellulose, i-polysaccharide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukutya, amayeza, izithambiso, amalaphu, kunye nokugrumba ioyile, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokusebenza kwayo.

Ubume kunye neePropati zeSodium CMC:

I-CMC idityaniswe ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali zeselulosi, apho amaqela e-carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) angeniswa kwi-cellulose backbone ngokusebenzisa i-etherification okanye i-esterification reactions. Iqondo lokuthatha indawo (DS) libhekisa kwiavareji yenani lamaqela e-carboxymethyl kwiyunithi yeglucose kwikhonkco leselulosi. Amaxabiso e-DS asuka ku-0.2 ukuya ku-1.5, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokwenziwa kwezinto kunye neempawu ezifunwayo ze-CMC.

Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-CMC bubhekisa kubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bomxokelelwane wepolymer kwaye bunokwahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nomthombo weselulosi, indlela yokudibanisa, iimeko zokusabela, kunye neendlela zokucoca. Ubunzima bemolekyuli buhlala bubonakaliswa ngeeparameters ezifana nenani-avareji ubunzima bemolekyuli (Mn), ubunzima-avareji ubunzima bemolekyuli (Mw), kunye ne-viscosity-avareji ye-molecular weight (Mv).

Ukwenziwa kweSodium CMC:

Ukwenziwa kwe-CMC ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukusabela kweselulosi kunye nesodium hydroxide (NaOH) kunye ne-chloroacetic acid (ClCH2COOH) okanye ityuwa yesodium (NaClCH2COOH). Ukusabela kuqhubeka ngokutshintshwa kwe-nucleophilic, apho amaqela e-hydroxyl (-OH) kwi-cellulose backbone asabelana namaqela e-chloroacetyl (-ClCH2COOH) ukwenza amaqela e-carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH).

I-DS ye-CMC inokulawulwa ngokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo we-molar ye-chloroacetic acid kwi-cellulose, ixesha lokuphendula, ubushushu, i-pH, kunye nezinye iiparameters ngexesha lokudibanisa. Amaxabiso aphezulu e-DS adla ngokufezekiswa ngokugxilwa okuphezulu kwe-chloroacetic acid kunye namaxesha okuphendula amade.

Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-CMC iphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kobunzima bemolekyuli yezinto zokuqala zeselulosi, ubungakanani bokuthotywa ngexesha lokudityaniswa, kunye nenqanaba lepolymerization yamatyathanga eCMC. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudityaniswa kunye neemeko zokusabela kunokubangela i-CMC enokwabiwa kobunzima bemolekyuli kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-DS kunye nobunzima beMolekyuli:

Ubudlelwane phakathi kweqondo lokuthatha indawo (DS) kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli ye-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yinkimbinkimbi kwaye iphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi ezinxulumene ne-CMC synthesis, ulwakhiwo, kunye neempawu.

1. Impembelelo ye-DS kubunzima beMolekyuli:
   • Amaxabiso aphezulu e-DS ngokubanzi ahambelana nobunzima bemolekyuli obusezantsi be-CMC. Oku kungenxa yokuba amaxabiso aphezulu e-DS abonisa iqondo elikhulu lokutshintshwa kwamaqela e-carboxymethyl kwi-cellulose backbone, ekhokelela kumatyathanga e-polymer amafutshane kunye nobunzima beemolekyuli ezisezantsi ngokomndilili.
   • Ukuqaliswa kwamaqela e-carboxymethyl kuphazamisa i-intermolecular hydrogen bonding phakathi kwamatyathanga e-cellulose, okukhokelela kwi-chain scission kunye nokuqhekeka ngexesha lokudibanisa. Le nkqubo yokuthotywa ingakhokelela ekunciphiseni ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-CMC, ngakumbi kumaxabiso aphezulu e-DS kunye nokusabela okubanzi ngakumbi.
   • Ngokwahlukileyo, amaxabiso aphantsi e-DS anxulunyaniswa namatyathanga epolymer amade kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli ngokomndilili. Oku kungenxa yokuba idigri ezisezantsi zokutshintsha zikhokelela kumaqela ambalwa e-carboxymethyl kwiyunithi ye-glucose, evumela ukuba amacandelo amade amatyathanga e-cellulose angalungiswanga ukuba ahlale eqinile.
2. Isiphumo sobunzima beMolekyuli kwi-DS:
   • Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-CMC bunokuphembelela inqanaba lokutshintsha okuphunyeziweyo ngexesha lokudibanisa. Ubunzima beemolekyuli eziphakamileyo zeselulosi zinokubonelela ngeesayithi ezisebenzayo ngakumbi kwi-carboxymethylation reactions, evumela ukuba iqondo eliphezulu lokutshintshwa liphunyezwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
   • Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima obuphezulu beemolekyuli zeselulosi bunokuthi buthintele ukufikeleleka kwamaqela e-hydroxyl ekuphenduleni, okukhokelela kwi-carboxymethylation engaphelelanga okanye engasebenzi kakuhle kunye namaxabiso aphantsi e-DS.
   • Ukongeza, ukuhanjiswa kobunzima bemolekyuli yezinto zokuqala zeselulosi kunokuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwamaxabiso e-DS kwimveliso yeCMC. I-Heterogeneities kubunzima be-molecular inokubangela ukuhluka kwi-reactivity kunye nokutshintshwa ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokudibanisa, okukhokelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaxabiso e-DS kwimveliso yokugqibela ye-CMC.

Impembelelo ye-DS kunye nobunzima beMolekyuli kwiiPropati ze-CMC kunye nezicelo:

1. Iinkcazelo ngeRheological:
   • Iqondo lokuthatha indawo (DS) kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli yeCMC inokuphembelela iimpawu zayo zerheological, kubandakanya i-viscosity, i-chear thinning behavior, kunye nokwakheka kwejeli.
   • Amaxabiso aphezulu e-DS ngokubanzi akhokelela ekunciphiseni i-viscosities kunye nokuziphatha okungaphezulu kwe-pseudoplastic (shear thinning) ngenxa yamatyathanga amafutshane epolymer kunye nokuncipha kwe-molecular entanglement.
   • Ngokwahlukileyo, amaxabiso aphantsi e-DS kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli badla ngokunyusa i-viscosity kunye nokuphucula i-pseudoplastic yokuziphatha kwezisombululo ze-CMC, ezikhokelela ekuphuculweni kokuqina kunye neempawu zokunqunyanyiswa.
2. Ukunyibilika kwamanzi kunye nokuziphatha okuDumba:
   • I-CMC enamaxabiso aphezulu e-DS ithande ukubonisa ukunyibilika okukhulu kwamanzi kunye namazinga okukhawuleza okumanzi ngenxa yoxinaniso oluphezulu lwamaqela e-hydrophilic carboxymethyl ecaleni kwekhonkco lepolymer.
   • Nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu e-DS anokukhokelela ekuncitshisweni kokunyibilika kwamanzi kunye nokwanda kokwakheka kwejeli, ngakumbi kwindawo ephezulu okanye kubukho be-cations ezininzi.
   • Ubunzima bemolekyuli yeCMC inokuchaphazela ukuziphatha kwayo ukudumba kunye neempawu zokugcina amanzi. Ubunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli ngokubanzi bukhokelela kumazinga okucotha kwamanzi kunye nomthamo omkhulu wogcino lwamanzi, nto leyo enokuba luncedo kwizicelo ezifuna ukukhutshwa okuzinzileyo okanye ulawulo lokufuma.
3. Ukwenziwa komboniso bhanyabhanya kunye neePropathi zoMqobo:
   • Iifilim ze-CMC ezenziwe ngezisombululo okanye ii-dispersions zibonisa iipropathi zesithintelo ngokuchasene neoksijini, ukufuma, kunye nezinye iigesi, zizenza zilungele ukupakishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kokugquma.
   • I-DS kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli ye-CMC inokuchaphazela amandla oomatshini, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweefilimu ezibangelwayo. Amaxabiso aphezulu e-DS kunye nobunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli bunokukhokelela kwiifilimu ezinamandla asezantsi kunye nokunyanzeliswa okuphezulu ngenxa yamakhonkco amafutshane epolymer kunye nokuncipha kokunxibelelana kwe-intermolecular.
4. Izicelo kuShishino olwahlukeneyo:
   • I-CMC enamaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-DS kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli ifumana izicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukutya, amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, amalaphu, kunye nokombiwa kweoli.
   • Kwishishini lokutya, i-CMC isetyenziswa njenge-thickener, stabilizer, kunye ne-emulsifier kwiimveliso ezifana neesosi, izinxibo, kunye neziselo. Ukhetho lwebakala leCMC luxhomekeke kuthungo olufunwayo, ukuvakala komlomo, kunye nozinzo lweemfuno zemveliso yokugqibela.
   • Kuqulunqo lwamayeza, i-CMC isebenza njenge-binder, i-disintegrant, kunye ne-ejenti yokwenza ifilimu kwiipilisi, ii-capsules, kunye nokumiswa ngomlomo. I-DS kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli ye-CMC inokuchaphazela i-kinetics yokukhululwa kwechiza, i-bioavailability, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwesigulane.
   • Kushishino lwezithambiso, i-CMC isetyenziswa kwiikhrimu, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lweenwele njenge-thickener, stabilizer, kunye ne-moisturizer. Ukhetho lwebakala leCMC luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nokuthungwa, ukusasazeka, kunye neempawu zoluvo.
   • Kumzi-mveliso wokomba i-oyile, i-CMC isetyenziswa ekugrumbeni ulwelo njenge-viscosifier, iarhente yokulawula ukulahleka kolwelo, kunye ne-shale inhibitor. I-DS kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli yeCMC inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo ekugcineni uzinzo lwe-wellbore, ukulawula ukulahleka kolwelo, kunye nokuthintela ukudumba kodongwe.

Isiphelo:

Ubudlelwane phakathi kweqondo lokuthatha indawo (DS) kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli ye-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yinkimbinkimbi kwaye iphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi ezinxulumene ne-CMC synthesis, ulwakhiwo, kunye neempawu. Amaxabiso aphezulu e-DS ngokubanzi ahambelana nobunzima bemolekyuli be-CMC, ngelixa amaxabiso asezantsi e-DS kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli ephezulu idla ngokukhokelela kumatyathanga amade epholima kunye neentsimbi eziphezulu zemolekyuli ngokomndilili. Ukuqonda olu dlelwane kubalulekile ekwandiseni iipropathi kunye nokusebenza kwe-CMC kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo kuwo wonke amashishini, kubandakanya ukutya, amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, amalaphu, kunye nokugrumba ioyile. Uphando olongezelelweyo kunye neenzame zophuhliso ziyafuneka ukucacisa iindlela ezisisiseko kunye nokwandisa ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-CMC kunye ne-DS elungiselelweyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kobunzima bemolekyuli kwizicelo ezithile.