Yintoni iTio2?

I-TiO2, ihlala ishunqulwa ukusukaI-Titanium dioxide, yikhompawundi eguquguqukayo enoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Le nto, yenziwe nge-titanium kunye ne-athom ye-oxygen, ibambe ukubaluleka ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Kolu phononongo lubanzi, siza kugocagoca kubume, iipropathi, iindlela zokuvelisa, usetyenziso, ingqwalasela yokusingqongileyo, kunye namathemba ekamva le-titanium dioxide.

Ulwakhiwo kunye noKwakha

I-Titanium dioxide inefomula yekhemikhali elula: i-TiO2. Ulwakhiwo lwalo lwemolekyuli luneathom enye yetitanium edityaniswe neeathom ezimbini zeoksijini, zenza ilitye elizinzileyo lekristale. Ikhompawundi ikhona kwiipolymorphs ezininzi, kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo ziyi-rutile, i-anatase, kunye ne-brookite. Ezi polymorphs zibonisa izakhiwo zekristale ezahlukeneyo, ezikhokelela kwiinguqu kwiipropati kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

I-Rutile yeyona ndlela i-thermodynamically stable ye-titanium dioxide kwaye ibonakala ngesalathisi esiphezulu se-refractive kunye ne-opacity. UAnatase, kwelinye icala, unometastable kodwa unomsebenzi ophezulu wefotocatalytic xa kuthelekiswa nerutile. I-Brookite, nangona ingaqhelekanga, yabelana ngokufana kunye ne-rutile kunye ne-anatase.

Iipropati

I-Titanium dioxide inentaphane yeepropathi ezimangalisayo ezenza ukuba ibe yimfuneko kumashishini amaninzi:

1. Ubumhlophe: I-Titanium dioxide idume ngobumhlophe bayo obukhethekileyo, obuvela kwisalathiso sayo esiphakamileyo se-refractive. Le propati yenza ukuba isasazeke ngokufanelekileyo ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okukhokelela kwii-hues ezimhlophe ezikhanyayo.
2. I-opacity: I-opacity yayo ivela ekukwazini kwayo ukufunxa kunye nokusabalalisa ukukhanya ngokufanelekileyo. Le propathi iyenza ibe lukhetho olukhethiweyo lokubonelela nge-opacity kunye nokugquma kwiipeyinti, iingubo kunye neeplastiki.
3. Ukufunxwa kwe-UV: I-Titanium dioksidi ibonisa iipropati ezigqwesileyo zokuthintela i-UV, iyenza ibe sesona sithako siphambili kwizikhuseli zelanga kunye neengubo ezingevayo kwi-UV. Ithatha ngokufanelekileyo imisebe ye-UV eyingozi, ikhusela izinto ezingaphantsi kokuthotywa kunye nomonakalo owenziwe yi-UV.
4. Ukuzinza kweMichiza: I-TiO2 i-inert yekhemikhali kwaye iyamelana neekhemikhali ezininzi, i-acids, kunye ne-alkali. Olu uzinzo luqinisekisa ixesha elide kunye nokuqina kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
5. Umsebenzi we-Photocatalytic: Iintlobo ezithile ze-titanium dioxide, ngokukodwa i-anatase, ibonisa umsebenzi we-photocatalytic xa ibonakaliswe kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV). Le propati isetyenziswe ekulungiseni indalo, ukucocwa kwamanzi, kunye neengubo zokuzicoca.

Iindlela zeMveliso

Ukuveliswa kwetitanium dioxide ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya iindlela ezimbini eziphambili: inkqubo yesulfate kunye nenkqubo yechloride.

1. Inkqubo yeSulfate: Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezikrwada ezine-titanium, ezifana ne-ilmenite okanye i-rutile, zibe yi-titanium dioxide pigment. Intsimbi ekrwada iphathwa kuqala ngeasidi yesulfuric ukuvelisa isisombululo setitanium sulfate, ethi emva koko ifakwe ngehydrolyzed ukuze yenze ihydrated titanium dioxide precipitate. Emva kokubala, i-precipitate iguqulwa ibe yi-pigment yokugqibela.
2. Inkqubo ye-Chloride: Kule nkqubo, i-titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) iphendulwa nge-oksijini okanye umphunga wamanzi kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa ukuze yenze i-titanium dioxide particles. I-pigment evelayo ikholisa ukucoceka kwaye ineempawu ezingcono zokubona xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yesulfate-derived titanium dioxide.

Usetyenziso

I-Titanium dioxide ifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziguquguqukayo:

1. Iipeyinti Nezaleko: I<em>Titanium dioxide sesona sixhobo sombala esimhlophe sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipeyinti, kwiingubo zokwaleka, nakwimiphetho yezakhiwo ngenxa yokungafihli kwayo, ukuqaqamba nokuqina kwayo.
2. Iiplastiki: Idityaniswe kwiimveliso zeplastiki ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iPVC, ipolyethylene, kunye nepolypropylene, ukomeleza ukukhanya, ukunganyangeki kwe-UV, kunye nobumhlophe.
3. Izithambiso: I-TiO2 sisithako esiqhelekileyo kwizithambiso, iimveliso ze-skincare, kunye ne-sunscreen formulations ngenxa yeempawu zayo ze-UV-blocking kunye nendalo engeyiyo ityhefu.
4. Ukutya kunye naMayeza: Isebenza njengebala elimhlophe kunye ne-opacifier kwiimveliso zokutya, iipilisi zamayeza, kunye nee-capsules. I-titanium dioxide yodidi lokutya ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kumazwe amaninzi, nangona kukho inkxalabo malunga nokhuseleko nempilo enokuba yingozi.
5. Ifotocatalysis: Iintlobo ezithile zetitanium dioxide zisetyenziswa kwi-photocatalytic application, njengokucocwa komoya namanzi, ukuzicoca imiphezulu, kunye nokonakala okungcolisayo.
6. I-Ceramics: Isetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-ceramic glazes, iithayile, kunye ne-porcelain ukunyusa ukukhanya kunye nobumhlophe.

Ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo

Ngelixa i-titanium dioxide ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kuphakamisa inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Ukuveliswa kwe-titanium dioxide ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye negalelo elikhulu lamandla, okunegalelo ekukhutshweni kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nefuthe lendalo.
2. Ukuveliswa kweNkunkuma: Zombini iinkqubo zesulfate kunye nekloridi zivelisa iimveliso eziphuma kwimveliso kunye nemijelo yenkunkuma, enokuthi iqulathe ukungcola kwaye ifune ukulahlwa okufanelekileyo okanye unyango ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo.
3. I-Nanoparticles: I-Nanoscale titanium dioxide particles, ehlala isetyenziswa kwi-sunscreen kunye ne-cosmetic formulations, iphakamisa inkxalabo malunga netyhefu enokubakho kunye nokuzingisa kwendalo. Uphononongo lucebisa ukuba ezi nanoparticles zinokubeka imingcipheko kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kunye nempilo yabantu ukuba zikhutshwe kwindawo.
4. Ukujongwa okuLawulwayo: Ii-arhente ezilawulayo kwihlabathi jikelele, njenge-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US (i-EPA) kunye ne-Arhente yeMichiza yaseYurophu (ECHA), iliso elibukhali ukuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokhuseleko lwe-titanium dioxide ukunciphisa ubungozi obunokubakho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yendalo kunye nempilo. .

Amathemba ekamva

Njengoko uluntu luqhubeka nokubeka phambili uzinzo kunye nokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo, ikamva le-titanium dioxide lixhomekeke kubuchule obutsha kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji:

1. Iinkqubo zokuvelisa uhlaza: Iinzame zophando zijolise ekuphuhliseni iindlela ezizinzileyo kunye nezamandla zokuvelisa i-titanium dioxide, njenge-photocatalytic kunye neenkqubo ze-electrochemical.
2. I-Nanostructured Materials: Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-nanotechnology kwenza uyilo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ze-nanostructured titanium dioxide kunye neepropati eziphuculweyo zokusetyenziswa kugcino lwamandla, i-catalysis, kunye nobunjineli be-biomedical.
3. IiNdlela eziNgcono eziBonelwayo: Uphuhliso lweendlela ezinokubola kunye ne-eco-friendly kunezinye ii-pigments ze-titanium dioxide eziqhelekileyo ziyaqhubeka, kujoliswe ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokujongana neenkxalabo ezijikeleze ubutyhefu be-nanoparticle.
4. Amanyathelo oQoqosho oluSetyhula: Ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho-siseko ejikelezayo yoqoqosho, kubandakanywa ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwenkunkuma, kunokunciphisa ukuncipha kobutyebi kunye nokunciphisa indawo ekhoyo yokusingqongileyo yokuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kwetitanium dioxide.
5. Ukuthotyelwa koLawulo kunye noKhuseleko: Uphando oluqhubekayo kwimiphumo yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo ye-titanium dioxide nanoparticles, kunye nokulawulwa okunamandla, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo kunye noxanduva kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-titanium dioxide ime njengekhompawundi eneenkalo ezininzi enezicelo ezininzi kunye neempembelelo. Iimpawu zayo ezizodwa, ezidityaniswe nophando oluqhubekayo kunye nezinto ezintsha, zithembisa ukubumba indima yayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngelixa lijongene neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo kwixesha elizayo.