Udaka olulungeleyo oluxubeneyo lwahlulwe lube ludaka oluxutywe nomanzi kunye nodaka oluxutyiweyo olomileyo ngokwendlela yokuvelisa. Umxube omanzi oxutywe namanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngudaka oluxutyiweyo olumanzi, kwaye umxube oqinileyo owenziwe ngezinto ezomileyo ubizwa ngokuba ngudaka oluxutyiweyo. Zininzi izinto ezingasetyenziswanga ezibandakanyeka kudaka olusele luxutywe. Ukongeza kwizinto ezenziwe ngesamente, ii-aggregates, kunye ne-admixtures yeminerali, imixube kufuneka yongezwe ukuphucula iplastiki yayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokungaguquguquki. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-admixtures zodaka olulungeleyo, olunokwahlulwa lube yi-cellulose ether, starch ether, redispersible latex powder, bentonite, njl. ukusuka kwi-chemical composition; inokwahlulwa ibe yi-arhente yokungenisa umoya, i-stabilizer, i-anti-cracking fiber, i-Retarder, i-accelerator, isinciphisi samanzi, i-dispersant, njl.
I-1 i-admixtures eqhelekileyo yodaka olulungeleyo
1.1 I-arhente yokungenisa umoya
I-arhente yokungenisa umoya i-agent esebenzayo, kunye neentlobo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-rosin resins, i-alkyl kunye ne-alkyl enevumba elimnandi le-hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, njl. Kukho amaqela e-hydrophilic kunye namaqela e-hydrophobic kwi-agent ye-air-entraining molecule. Xa i-agent ye-air-entraining yongezwa kwi-mortar, iqela le-hydrophilic ye-agent ye-agent ye-air-entraining molecule ibhengezwa ngamaqhekeza e-samente, ngelixa iqela le-hydrophobic lidibene namabhubhu amancinci omoya. Kwaye isasazwe ngokulinganayo kumdaka, ukuze ukulibaziseka kwenkqubo ye-hydration yokuqala yesamente, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, ukunciphisa izinga lelahleko lokungaguquguquki, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, amaqamza amancinci angadlala indima yokuthambisa, ukuphucula ukumpompa kunye nokutshizwa kodaka.
I-agent-entraining agent ingenisa inani elikhulu leebhubhu ezincinci kumdaka, ophucula ukusebenza kodaka, ukunciphisa ukuchasana ngexesha lokupompa kunye nokutshiza, kunye nokunciphisa i-clogging phenomenon; ukongezwa kwe-arhente yokungenisa umoya kunciphisa amandla e-tensile bond of the mortar Performance, njengoko inani lodaka linyuka, ilahleko yokusebenza kwamandla e-tensile bond yanda; i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya iphucula izibonakaliso zokusebenza ezifana nokuguquguquka kodaka, i-2h isantya sokulahlekelwa kwelahleko kunye nesantya sokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye iphucula ukutshiza kunye nokumpompa ukusebenza komatshini wokutshiza udaka, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla oxinzelelo kunye nodaka. amandla.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba ngaphandle kokuqwalasela umphumo we-cellulose ether, ukwanda komxholo we-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxinana okumanzi kodaka oluxutywe ngokufanelekileyo, umxholo womoya kunye nokuhambelana kodaka kuya kwandiswa kakhulu, kwaye izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye amandla oxinzelelo aya kuncipha; Uphando malunga nokuguqulwa kwesalathisi sokusebenza sodaka oluxutywe ne-cellulose ether kunye ne-air-entraining agent yafumanisa ukuba emva kokuxuba i-air-entraining agent kunye ne-cellulose ether, ukulungelelaniswa kwezi zibini kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. I-ether ye-cellulose inokubangela ukuba ezinye ii-arhente zokungenisa umoya zingaphumeleli, ngaloo ndlela zenze izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi edaka lehla.
Ukuxuba okukodwa kwe-arhente yokungenisa umoya, i-arhente yokunciphisa i-shrinkage kunye nomxube wabo bobabini banempembelelo ethile kwiipropati zodaka. Ukongezwa kwe-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kunokunyusa izinga le-shrinkage yodaka, kwaye ukongezwa kwe-agent yokunciphisa i-shrinkage kunokunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokunciphisa umdaka. Zombini zinokulibazisa ukuqhekeka kweringi yodaka. Xa ezi zimbini zixutywe, izinga lokucutheka kodaka alitshintshi kakhulu, kwaye ukuxhathisa kokuqhekeka kuyanda.
1.2 Umgubo welatex ophinda uhlakazwe
I-latex powder enokuphinda ihlakazwe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yodaka lomgubo omisiweyo wanamhlanje. I-polymer e-soluble ye-organic polymer eveliswa yi-emulsion ye-polymer ephezulu-molekyuli ngobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukomisa ukutshiza, ukunyangwa kwendawo kunye nezinye iinkqubo. I-emulsion eyenziwa yi-latex powder ehlaziyiweyo kwi-sement mortar yenza isakhiwo sefilimu ye-polymer ngaphakathi kodaka, olunokuphucula amandla omdaka we-samente ukuxhathisa umonakalo.
I-powder ye-latex ye-redispersible inokuphucula i-elasticity kunye nokuqina kwezinto, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokuhamba kodaka olutsha oluxutywe, kwaye ibe nefuthe elithile lokunciphisa amanzi. Iqela lakhe liphonononge ifuthe lenkqubo yokunyanga kukuqina kwebhondi yodaka.
Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba xa isixa se-powder rubber elungisiweyo sikwi-1.0% ukuya kwi-1.5%, iipropati zamabakala ahlukeneyo e-rubber powder zinokulinganisela. Emva kokuba i-latex powder edibeneyo yongezwa kwi-samente, izinga lokuqala le-hydration ye-samente liyancipha, ifilimu ye-polymer igoqa iinqununu ze-cement, i-samente igcwele i-hydrated, kwaye iipropati ezahlukeneyo ziphuculwe. Ukuxuba i-latex powder ephinda ihlaziywe kwi-samente yodaka kunokunciphisa amanzi, kwaye i-latex powder kunye nesamente inokwenza ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi ukunyusa amandla okubopha udaka, ukunciphisa i-voids yodaka, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka.
Kwisifundo, umlinganiselo omiselweyo we-lime-sand wawuyi-1: 2.5, ukuhambelana kwaba (70 ± 5) mm, kwaye inani le-rubber powder likhethwe njenge-0-3% ye-lime-sand mass. Utshintsho kwiipropati ze-microscopic zodaka olulungisiweyo kwiintsuku ze-28 zahlaziywa yi-SEM, kwaye iziphumo zibonise ukuba Uphakamileyo umxholo we-latex powder ophindwe kabini, ngokuqhubekayo ifilimu ye-polymer eyenziwe phezu komgangatho wemveliso yodaka lwe-hydration, kunye ngcono ukusebenza kodaka.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba emva kokuba ixutywe nodaka lwesamente, amasuntswana epolymer kunye nesamente ziya kudibanisa ukwenza umaleko ezipakishwe omnye komnye, kwaye ulwakhiwo olupheleleyo womnatha luya kwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokugalela amanzi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe kakhulu ukuqina kokuqina kunye nokwakhiwa. yodaka lokufakwa kwe-thermal. ukusebenza.
1.3 Umgubo oqiniweyo
Umsebenzi we-powder thickening kukuphucula ukusebenza okubanzi kodaka. Yinto yomgubo ongeyena umoya wokungena emoyeni olungiselelwe ukusuka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-inorganic, iipolymers eziphilayo, i-surfactants kunye nezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo. I-powder engqingqwa iquka i-latex powder, i-bentonite, i-inorganic mineral powder, i-thickener yokugcina amanzi, njl., enefuthe elithile le-adsorption kwiimolekyuli zamanzi ezibonakalayo, kungekhona nje ukunyusa ukuhambelana kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kodwa kunye nokuhambelana kakuhle iisamente ezahlukeneyo. Ukuhambelana kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka. UCao Chun et al] wafunda isiphumo se-HJ-C2 yomgubo ojiyileyo ekusebenzeni kodaka oluqhelekileyo oluxutyiweyo, kwaye iziphumo zabonisa ukuba umgubo ongqingqwa wawunempembelelo encinci kwi-consistency kunye ne-28d yokucinezela amandla odaka oluqhelekileyo oluxubeneyo, kwaye kube nefuthe elincinane kwi-delamination yodaka Kukho isiphumo esingcono sokuphucula. Ufunde impembelelo yomgubo otyebileyo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo kwizalathisi zomzimba kunye noomatshini kunye nokuqina kodaka olutsha phantsi kweedosi ezahlukeneyo. Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba ukusebenza kodaka olutsha kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu ngenxa yokongezwa kwepowder thickening. Ukudityaniswa kwe-latex powder edibeneyo kuphucula amandla e-flexural of mortar, kunciphisa amandla oxinzelelo omdaka, kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-cellulose ether kunye nezixhobo ze-mineral zamaminerali kwenza ukuba amandla okunyanzeliswa kunye ne-flexural yomdaka ayancipha; Amacandelo anempembelelo ekuqina kodaka lomxube owomileyo, okwandisa ukucutha komdaka. Wang Jun et al. wafunda impembelelo ye-bentonite kunye ne-cellulose ether kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ze-mortar edibeneyo edibeneyo. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kodaka, kwagqitywa ukuba idosi efanelekileyo ye-bentonite malunga ne-10kg / m3, kwaye umlinganiselo we-cellulose ether uphezulu kakhulu. Idosi efanelekileyo yi-0.05% yesixa sisonke semathiriyeli yesamente. Kulo mlinganiso, umgubo oxubileyo oxutywe kunye nezi zibini zinempembelelo engcono ekusebenzeni okubanzi kodaka.
1.4 I-Etere yeSelulosi
I-Cellulose ether yavela kwinkcazo yeendonga zeeseli zesityalo ngumlimi waseFransi u-Anselme Payon kwi-1830s. Yenziwe ngokusabela i-cellulose evela kumthi kunye nomqhaphu kunye nesoda ye-caustic, kwaye yongeza i-etherification agent ye-chemical reaction. Ngenxa yokuba i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nemiphumo yokuqina, ukongeza inani elincinci le-cellulose ether kwisamente kunokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka oluxutywe ngokutsha. Kwimathiriyeli esekwe kwisamente, iintlobo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zecellulose ether ziquka imethyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether kunye nehydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether esetyenziswa rhoqo.
IHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) inefuthe elikhulu kumanzi, ugcino lwamanzi kunye nokomelela kodaka lokuzilinganisa. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-cellulose ether inokuphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar, ukunciphisa ukuhambelana kodaka, kunye nokudlala umphumo omuhle wokunciphisa; xa inani le-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether liphakathi kwe-0.02% kunye ne-0.04%, amandla omdaka ayancipha kakhulu. I-ether ye-cellulose idlala umphumo wokungenisa umoya kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kodaka. Ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kunciphisa i-stratification yodaka kwaye kwandisa ixesha lokusebenza lomdaka. I-admixture enokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kodaka; uphando Ngexesha lenkqubo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umxholo we-cellulose ether akufanele ube phezulu kakhulu. Ukuba iphezulu kakhulu, umxholo womoya wodaka uya kunyuka kakhulu, okubangela ukuhla kobuninzi, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kunye nefuthe kumgangatho wodaka. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kuphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunempembelelo enkulu yokunciphisa amanzi kumdaka. I-ether ye-cellulose inokunciphisa ukuxinana komxube wodaka, ukwandisa ixesha lokumisela, kunye nokuphucula amandla okuguquguquka kunye noxinzelelo. nciphisa. I-ether ye-cellulose kunye ne-starch ether zimbini ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-admixtures yodaka lokwakha.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendidi ezinkulu ze-cellulose ethers, iiparamitha ze-molecular nazo zihluke, ezibangela ukubahluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kodaka lwesamente olulungisiweyo. Amandla odaka lwesamente olulungiswe nge-cellulose ether ene-viscosity ephezulu iphantsi endaweni yoko. Xa umxholo we-cellulose ether wanda, amandla oxinzelelo lwe-cement slurry abonisa umkhwa wokunciphisa kwaye ekugqibeleni uzinzile, ngelixa amandla e-flexural abonisa ukunyuka, ukuhla, ukuzinza kunye nokuzinza. Inkqubo yokutshintsha kancinci kancinci.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-02-2023