Udaka lomxube owomileyo lunodaka olunikezelwa ngendlela yorhwebo. Udaka olubizwa ngokuba lurhwebo aluqhubeki kwi-batching kwisiza, kodwa lugxininisa ukubethelwa kumzi-mveliso. Ngokwefom yemveliso kunye nokubonelela, udaka lwezorhwebo lunokwahlulwa lube ludaka olusele luxutywe (olumanzi) kunye nodaka oluxutyiweyo.
Ingcaciso
1. Udaka olulungeleyo olumanzi oluxutywe
Udaka olumanzi olusele luxutyiwe lubhekisa kwisamente, isanti, amanzi, uthuthu lwempukane okanye eminye imixube, nemixube, njl.njl., exutywa kumlinganiselo othile kumzi-mveliso, emva koko ithuthelwe kwindawo echongiweyo yilori yomxubi. Umxube wodaka ogqityiweyo phantsi komqathango. Ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa njengodaka olusele luxutywe.
2. Udaka olulungeleyo olomileyo oluxutyiweyo
Udaka oluxubeneyo elomileyo lubhekisa kumxube owenziwe ngumgubo okanye wegranular oveliswa ngumenzi oyingcali kwaye uxutywe neeaggregates ezintle, izinto zesamente ezingaphiliyo, imixube yeeminerali,i-cellulose ethers,kunye neminye imixube emva kokomiswa kunye nokuhlolwa ngokomlinganiselo othile. Yongeza amanzi kwaye ushukumise ngokwemiyalelo ekwisiza ukwenza umxube wodaka. Ifom yokupakisha yemveliso ingaba ngobuninzi okanye kwiingxowa. Udaka oluxubeneyo elomileyo lukwabizwa ngokuba ngudaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo, izinto zomgubo owomileyo, njl.
3. Udaka oluqhelekileyo oluxubeneyo oluxubeneyo
Kubhekiselele kumdaka osele uxutywe nomxube owomileyo osetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zemasonry;
4. Udaka oluqhelekileyo lokutyatyekwa komxube owomileyo
Ibhekisa kudaka olusele luxutywe nomxube owomileyo olusetyenziselwa imisebenzi yokutyabeka;
5. Udaka oluqhelekileyo olunomgangatho owomileyo
Ibhekisa kudaka olusele luxutywe nomxube owomileyo olusetyenziselwa ukwakha umhlaba kunye nophahla (kuquka umphezulu wophahla kunye nomgangatho womgangatho).
6. Udaka olukhethekileyo olulungeleyo olomileyo oluxutywe
Kubhekiselele kulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo kunye nodaka oludibeneyo oluhonjisiweyo oluneemfuno ezizodwa ekusebenzeni, i-thermal insulation yangaphandle yokutyabeka i-mortar, i-self-leveling umhlaba omile oxutywe udaka, i-agent ye-interface, i-interface ejongene nodaka, i-mortar engenamanzi, njl.
Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokulungiselela isiko, udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo luneenzuzo ezininzi ezifana nomgangatho ozinzile, iindidi ezipheleleyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, umgangatho obalaseleyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakhiwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle.
Ukuhlelwa kodaka oluxutyiweyo olomileyo
Udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo luhlulwe kakhulu lube ngamacandelo amabini: udaka oluqhelekileyo kunye nodaka olukhethekileyo.
Udaka oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya: i-masonry mortar, udaka lokutyabeka, udaka lomhlaba, njl.;
Udaka olukhethekileyo lubandakanya: i-adhesives ye-tile, i-agent eyomileyo ye-powder interface, i-thermal insulation mortars yangaphandle, i-self-leveling mortars, i-mortas engenamanzi, i-mortars yokulungisa, i-putty yangaphakathi kunye yangaphandle yodonga, i-caulking agents, izinto zokucoca, njl.
1 udaka lwemasonry
Udaka lwemasonry Udaka olusetyenziselwa izitena zokwakha, amatye, iibhloko kunye nezinye izinto zokwakha ibhloko.
2 udaka lokutyabeka
Udaka lokutyabeka udaka lufunekayo ukuba lube nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye kulula ukuyifaka kwi-uniform kunye ne-flat layer, ekulungele ukwakhiwa; kufuneka kwakhona ibe namandla aphezulu okubambisana, kwaye umaleko wodaka kufuneka udibaniswe ngokuqinileyo kwindawo ephantsi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Ukuwa, ukutyabeka udaka kunokukhusela izakhiwo neendonga. Inokumelana nokukhukuliseka kwezakhiwo ziimeko zendalo ezifana nomoya, imvula kunye nekhephu, iphucule ukuqina kwezakhiwo, kwaye iphumeze iziphumo ezigudileyo, ezicocekileyo nezihle.
3 i-adhesive tile
I-adhesive ye-tile, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-tile glue, ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iithayile ze-ceramic, iithayile eziphuculweyo kunye nelitye lendalo elifana negranite. Udaka oludityanisiweyo oluyilwe ngokukodwa lunokuba neemeko zemozulu ezohlukeneyo (ezifana nokufuma, umahluko wobushushu) ukubophelela iibhloko zokuhombisa eziqinileyo.
4 ujongano lodaka
Udaka lwe-Interface, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-arhente yonyango lwe-interface, alukwazi nje ukubopha ngokuqinileyo umaleko wesiseko, kodwa kunye nomphezulu walo unokudityaniswa ngokuqinileyo yi-adhesive entsha, kwaye iyimathiriyeli eneendlela ezimbini. Ngenxa yeepropati ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba we-substrate, ezifana ne-porous eqinile efunxa amanzi, imathiriyeli egudileyo efunxa amanzi aphantsi, i-non-porous engafunxanga amanzi, kunye nokudibanisa okubangelwa ukucutheka kunye nokwandiswa kwezinto zokugquma okulandelayo. ye-substrate, ekhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwebhondi, njl., Zombini zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-arhente yonyango lwe-interface ukunyusa amandla okudibanisa phakathi kwezinto ezimbini.
5 Udaka lokugquma lwangaphandle
Udaka lwangaphandle lokufakelwa kwe-thermal: lwenziwe ngeeaggregates ezikhaphukhaphu ezinokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka okugqwesileyo (okunje ngamasuntswana amagwebu epolystyrene okanye iperlite eyandisiweyo, i-microbeads ekhuselweyo, njl. njl. latex powder. Izongezo zodaka oluxubeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba udaka lunokusebenza kwe-thermal insulation, ukwakhiwa kakuhle, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kunye nokumelana nemozulu, kwaye kukulungele ukwakhiwa, uqoqosho kunye nokusebenza. udaka lwepolymer. (Udaka oluqhelekileyo lwepolymer, udaka lokutyabeka lwepolymer, njl.njl.)
6 udaka lokuzilinganisa
Udaka oluzilinganisa ngokwalo: lukwisiseko esingalinganiyo (njengomphezulu oza kulungiswa, umaleko wodaka, njl.njl.), ubonelela ngesiseko esifanelekileyo sokulala esisicaba, esigudileyo nesiqinileyo sokumisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho. Okufana nezixhobo zokulinganisa ezintle kwiikhaphethi, imigangatho yeplanga, i-PVC, iithayile ze-ceramic, njl njl. Nakwimimandla emikhulu, inokwakhiwa ngokufanelekileyo.
7 udaka olungangeni manzi
Yeyomsebenzi wesamente ongenwe ngamanzi. Izinto ezingenamanzi zibandakanya ikakhulu i-samente kunye nezihluzi. Iyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi ongenamanzi ngokongeza i-polymers, izongezo, i-admixtures okanye i-dry-mixed mortar exutywe ne-samente ekhethekileyo. Olu hlobo lwezinto luye lwaba yi-JS edibeneyo yokugquma kwamanzi kwiimarike.
8 ukulungisa udaka
Ezinye iimbumba zokulungisa zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kokuhlobisa kwekhonkrithi ezingenayo imivalo yentsimbi kwaye akukho msebenzi wokuthwala umthwalo ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle, kwaye ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezonakalisiweyo ezithwala imithwalo eyomeleziweyo ukuze kugcinwe kwaye kuphinde kumiswe ukuzinza kwesakhiwo. kunye nemisebenzi. Inxalenye yenkqubo yokulungisa ikhonkrithi, isetyenziswe ekulungiseni nasekubuyiseleni iibhuloho zendlela, iindawo zokupaka, iitonela, njl.
9 Iputty yeendonga zangaphakathi nangaphandle
I-Putty ngumaleko obhityileyo wodaka olulinganisayo, olwahlulwe lwaba licandelo elinye kunye namacandelo amabini. Izinto ezincedisayo kwipeyinti yokuhlobisa izakhiwo, ezisetyenziswe kunye nepeyinti yelatex.
I-10 caulk
Kwakhona kuthiwa yi-agent ye-grouting, isetyenziselwa ukuzalisa izinto ezidibeneyo phakathi kweetayile okanye ilitye lendalo, ukubonelela nge-aesthetic surface kunye nebhondi phakathi kweetayile ezijongene nazo, ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi, njl.
11 imathiriyeli yokugrumba
I-cement-based based grouting material kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlawula i-shrinkage, kunye ne-micro-expansion, i-micro-expansion iyenzeka kwisigaba seplastiki kunye nesigaba sokuqina ukuze kuhlawulele ukuncipha. umzimba onzima. I-fluidity elungileyo inokufumaneka phantsi komlinganiselo ophantsi wesamente yamanzi, eyinzuzo kulwakhiwo lokugalela kunye nokugcinwa kokuthambisa ukwakhiwa.
Uhlalutyo lweengxaki zodaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo
Okwangoku, udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo lukwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo. Ukusetyenziswa kodaka oluxutyiweyo okomileyo kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi, ukuphucula umgangatho weprojekthi, kunye nokuphucula imeko yasezidolophini. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho iingxaki ezininzi zomgangatho kudaka oluxutywe owomileyo. Ukuba ayilungelelaniswanga, iingenelo zayo ziya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, okanye zingabi namveliso. Kuphela ngokomeleza ulawulo lomgangatho kwimiba eyahlukeneyo enje ngemathiriyeli ekrwada, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, kunye neendawo zokwakha, apho iingenelo kunye nemisebenzi yodaka oluxutyiweyo inokufakwa ngokwenene.
Uhlalutyo lwesizathu esiqhelekileyo
Ukuqhekeka oku-1
Kukho iintlobo ezine zeentanda eziqhelekileyo: iintanda zokuhlala ezingalinganiyo isiseko, iintanda zobushushu, ukomisa iintanda shrinkage, kunye neentanda zeplastiki shrinkage.
Ukuhlaliswa okungalinganiyo kwesiseko
Ukuhlaliswa okungalinganiyo kwesiseko ikakhulu kubhekiselele ekuqhekekeni okubangelwa ukuthotywa kodonga ngokwalo.
ukuqhekeka kobushushu
Ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kuya kubangela ukwanda kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa izinto. Xa uxinzelelo lweqondo lokushisa olubangelwa yi-deformation deformation phantsi kweemeko zokunyanzeliswa zikhulu ngokwaneleyo, udonga luya kuvelisa amaqondo okushisa.
ukomisa iintanda zokuncipha
Ukomisa iintanda ezinciphayo kubhekiselwa kuzo njengokomisa iintanda ezinciphayo ngokufutshane. Njengoko umxholo wamanzi we-masonry onjengeebhloko zekhonkrithi ene-aerated kunye ne-fly ash blocks iyancipha, izixhobo ziya kuvelisa i-deformation enkulu yokunciphisa i-shrinkage. Izinto zokunciphisa ziya kuqhubeka zikhula emva kokuba zimanzi, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo ziya kuncipha kwaye zikhubazeke kwakhona emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
ukuncipha kweplastiki
Isizathu esona sizathu sokunciphisa iplastiki kukuba kwixesha elifutshane emva kokuba udaka lufakwe, uxinzelelo lwe-shrinkage luyenziwa xa umswakama uyancipha xa ukwimeko yeplastiki. Emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwe-shrinkage ludlula amandla okubambelela odaka ngokwawo, ukuqhekeka kuya kwenzeka kumphezulu wesakhiwo. Ukushwabana kweplastikhi yokomisa kumphezulu wodaka olutyatyekwayo kuchatshazelwa lixesha, ubushushu, ukufuma kunye nesantya sogcino lwamanzi odaka lokutyabeka ngokwalo.
Ukongeza, ukungakhathali kuyilo, ukusilela ukuseta imigca yegridi ngokweemfuno ezichaziweyo, amanyathelo angajoliswanga achasene nokuqhekeka, umgangatho wezinto ezingafanelekanga, umgangatho ombi wokwakha, ukwaphulwa koyilo kunye nemigaqo yolwakhiwo, amandla okwakha angahlangabezani neemfuno zoyilo, kunye nokusilela. yamava nazo Unobangela obalulekileyo iintanda eludongeni.
2 umngxuma
Kukho izizathu ezine eziphambili zokugoba: umphezulu wodonga lwesiseko awuphathwanga, udonga lude kakhulu ukuba lutyatyekwe ngenxa yexesha elinganeleyo lokugcinwa, uluhlu olulodwa lwe-plaster lunzima kakhulu, kwaye izinto zokubethelwa zisetyenziswe ngokungafanelekanga.
Umphezulu wodonga lwesiseko awuphathwa
Uthuli olubambeke eludongeni, udaka olushiyekileyo kunye nearhente yokukhupha ngexesha lokugalelwa aluzange lucocwe, indawo egudileyo yekhonkrithi ayipeyintwanga nge-arhente yojongano okanye itshizwe kwaye ixutywe, kwaye amanzi akakagalelwa ngokupheleleyo phambi kokutyatyekwa, njl. ., iya kubangela umngxuma wePhenomenon.
Ukuba ixesha lokugcina udonga alanelanga, linomdla wokutyabeka. I-Plastering iqala ngaphambi kokuba udonga lukhubazeke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye i-shrinkage ye-base layer kunye ne-plastering layer ayihambelani, okubangela ukugoba.
Udaka olunomaleko omnye lutyebe kakhulu
Xa udonga oluthe tyaba alulunganga okanye kukho isiphene, akukho lunyango lwangaphambili, yaye ukutyatyekwa kulangazelela impumelelo, yaye kuyasinda ngaxeshanye. Umaleko wokutyabeka ungqindilili kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwawo lokucutheka lube lukhulu kunamandla okudibanisa udaka, okukhokelela ekubeni umngxuma.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwezinto zokutyabeka
Amandla omdaka we-plastering awahambelani namandla odonga lwesiseko, kwaye ukuhlukana kwi-shrinkage kukhulu kakhulu, esinye isizathu somgodi.
3 Isanti phezu komhlaba
Ilahleko yesanti kumphezulu ibangelwa ikakhulu kumlinganiselo omncinci wezinto zesamente ezisetyenziswa eludaka, imodyuli yesanti yokulungiswa kwesanti iphantsi kakhulu, umxholo wodaka udlula umgangatho, amandla odaka awanelanga ukwenza isanti, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi udaka luphantsi kakhulu kwaye ilahleko yamanzi ikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ukugcinwa emva kokwakhiwa akukho ndawo. Okanye akukho sondlo esibangela ilahleko yesanti.
4 umgubo wokuxobula
Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar aliphezulu, ukuzinza kwecandelo ngalinye kwi-mortar akulungile, kwaye umlinganiselo we-admixture osetyenzisiweyo mkhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuhlikihla kunye ne-calender, ezinye ii powders zidada phezulu kwaye ziqokelele phezulu, ukuze amandla omphezulu aphantsi kwaye ulusu lwePowdery.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-06-2022