Izinto eziphuma kwi-ether cellulose enyibilikayo emanzini

Indlela yokudibanisa, indlela kunye neepropati zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-agent edibeneyo kunye ne-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi yaziswa. Ngokuguqulwa kwe-crosslinking, i-viscosity, i-rheological properties, i-solubility kunye ne-mechanical properties ye-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi inokuphuculwa kakhulu, ukwenzela ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo kwesicelo. Ngokwesakhiwo sekhemikhali kunye neepropati ze-crosslinkers ezahlukeneyo, iintlobo ze-cellulose ether crosslinking modification reactions zishwankathelwe, kwaye izikhokelo zokuphuhliswa kwee-crosslinkers ezahlukeneyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo se-cellulose ether zishwankathelwe. Ngokujonga ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwe-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi eguqulwe ngokudibanisa kunye nezifundo ezimbalwa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ukuguqulwa kwe-crosslinking yekamva ye-cellulose ether kunamathuba abanzi ophuhliso. Oku kubhekiselele kubaphandi abafanelekileyo kunye namashishini emveliso.
Amagama angundoqo: ukuguqulwa kokudibanisa; Iselulosi ether; Ubume bekhemikhali; Ukunyibilika; Ukusebenza kwesicelo

I-ether ye-cellulose ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo, njenge-ejenti yokuqina, i-agent yokugcinwa kwamanzi, i-adhesive, i-binder kunye ne-dipersant, i-colloid ekhuselayo, i-stabilizer, i-agent yokumisa, i-emulsifier kunye ne-agent eyenza ifilimu, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-coating, ukwakhiwa, i-petroleum, imichiza yemihla ngemihla, ukutya. kunye namayeza kunye namanye amashishini. I-cellulose ether ikakhulu ibandakanya i-methyl cellulose,i-hydroxyethyl cellulose,i-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-ethyl cellulose, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-ether exutywe. I-ether ye-cellulose yenziwe nge-cotton fiber okanye i-fiber yomthi nge-alkalization, i-etherification, ukuhlamba i-centrifugation, ukomisa, inkqubo yokusila elungiselelwe, ukusetyenziswa kwe-etherification agents ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-halogenated alkane okanye i-epoxy alkane.
Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwe-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi, okunokwenzeka kuya kudibana nokusingqongileyo okukhethekileyo, okufana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye obuphantsi, indawo ye-asidi-base, indawo ye-ionic enzima, ezi ndawo ziya kubangela ukuqina, ukunyibilika, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukunamathela, i-adhesive, ukumiswa okuzinzileyo kunye ne-emulsification ye-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi ichaphazeleka kakhulu, kwaye ikhokelela ekulahlekeni okupheleleyo kokusebenza kwayo.
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwesicelo se-cellulose ether, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba unyango lwe-crosslinking, usebenzisa i-agent edibeneyo edibeneyo, ukusebenza kwemveliso kuyahluka. Ngokusekelwe kuphando lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-agent e-crosslinking kunye neendlela zabo zokuqhawula, ezidityaniswe neteknoloji ye-crosslinking kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-industrial, eli phepha lixoxa ngokuxutywa kwe-cellulose ether kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-agent e-crosslinking, ukubonelela ngokubhekisele kwi-crosslinking modification ye-cellulose ether. .

1.Isakhiwo kunye nomgaqo-siseko we-cellulose ether

Iselulosi etherluhlobo lwezithako zeselulosi, ezidityaniswe yi-ether substitution reaction yamaqela amathathu e-alcohol hydroxyl kwiimolekyuli ze-cellulose zendalo kunye ne-halogenated alkane okanye i-epoxide alkane. Ngenxa yokwahlukana kwezinto ezithatha indawo, isakhiwo kunye neempawu ze-cellulose ether ziyahluka. I-crosslinking reaction ye-cellulose ether ikakhulu ibandakanya i-etherification okanye i-esterification ye-OH (OH kwiyunithi ye-glucose iringi okanye i-OH kwindawo ebambeleyo okanye i-carboxyl kwindawo ebambeleyo) kunye ne-arhente edibanisayo kunye namaqela okubini okanye amaninzi asebenzayo, ukuze ezimbini okanye iimolekyuli ze-ether zeselulosi ezininzi zidityaniswe kunye ukuze zenze ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi. Leyo yi-crosslinked cellulose ether.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cellulose ether kunye ne-agent edibeneyo yesisombululo se-aqueous equkethe ngaphezulu -OH njenge-HEC, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, i-MC kunye ne-CMC inokuthi i-etherified okanye i-esterified crosslinked. Ngenxa yokuba i-CMC iqulethe iiyoni ze-carboxylic acid, amaqela asebenzayo kwi-agent edibanisayo anokuthi afakwe kwi-esterified crosslinked kunye ne-carboxylic acid ion.
Emva kokusabela kwe-OH okanye -COO- kwi-cellulose i-ether molekyuli kunye ne-agent edibeneyo, ngenxa yokunciphisa umxholo wamaqela anyibilikayo emanzini kunye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sothungelwano esine-multi-dimensional kwisisombululo, ukunyibilika kwayo, i-rheology kunye neempawu zomatshini. iya kutshintshwa. Ngokusebenzisa ama-agent ahlukeneyo e-crosslinking ukuphendula nge-cellulose ether, ukusebenza kwesicelo se-cellulose ether kuya kuphuculwa. I-ether ye-cellulose elungele ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yalungiswa.

2. Iintlobo zee-agent ezinqamlezayo

2.1 Aldehydes crosslinking agents
I-Aldehyde i-crosslinking agents ibhekisela kwi-organic compounds equkethe iqela le-aldehyde (-CHO), esebenza ngamakhemikhali kwaye inokusabela nge-hydroxyl, i-ammonia, i-amide kunye nezinye izinto. I-Aldehyde crosslinking agents ezisetyenziselwa i-cellulose kunye ne-derivatives yayo ibandakanya i-formaldehyde, i-glyoxal, i-glutaraldehyde, i-glyceraldehyde, njl. I-cellulose ethers eqhelekileyo eguqulelwe ngama-aldehydes crosslinking agents yi-HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC, CMC kunye nezinye i-cellulose ethers ezinamanzi.
Iqela elinye le-aldehyde lidityaniswe kunye namaqela amabini e-hydroxyl kwi-cellulose ether molecular chain, kunye ne-cellulose ether molekyuli zidityaniswe ngokuqulunqwa kwee-acetals, zenza isakhiwo sesithuba sothungelwano, ukuze kutshintshe ukunyibilika kwayo. Ngenxa ye-free -OH yokusabela phakathi kwe-aldehyde crosslinking agent kunye ne-cellulose ether, inani lamaqela e-molecular hydrophilic liyancitshiswa, okubangelwa ukunyibilika kwamanzi kwimveliso. Ke ngoko, ngokulawula ubungakanani be-agent ye-crosslinking, i-crosslinking ephakathi ye-cellulose ether inokulibazisa ixesha le-hydration kwaye ithintele imveliso ekunyibilikeni ngokukhawuleza kwisisombululo esinamanzi, okukhokelela kwi-agglomeration yendawo.
Isiphumo se-aldehyde crosslinking cellulose ether ngokubanzi sixhomekeke kubungakanani bealdehyde, pH, ukufana kwe-crosslinking reaction, ixesha le-crosslinking, kunye nobushushu. Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu okanye okuphantsi kakhulu kwe-crosslinking kunye ne-pH kuya kubangela ukudibanisa okungaguqukiyo ngenxa ye-hemiacetal ibe yi-acetal, eya kukhokelela kwi-cellulose ether enganyibiliki ngokupheleleyo emanzini. Ubungakanani be-aldehyde kunye nokufana kwe-crosslinking reaction kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo idigri ye-crosslinking ye-cellulose ether.
I-formaldehyde ayisetyenziswa kancinci kwi-crosslinking cellulose ether ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu. Ngaphambili, i-formaldehyde yayisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwibala leengubo, i-adhesives, textiles, kwaye ngoku ngokuthe ngcembe ithathelwe indawo yi-low-toxicity non-formaldehyde crosslinking agents. Impembelelo ye-crosslinking ye-glutaraldehyde ingcono kune-glyoxal, kodwa inevumba elibukhali elibukhali, kwaye ixabiso le-glutaraldehyde liphezulu. Ukuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi, kwishishini, i-glyoxal iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuwela i-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi ukuphucula ukunyibilika kweemveliso. Ngokubanzi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, i-pH 5 ~ 7 yeemeko ezibuthathaka ze-asidi zinokuqhutywa ukusabela kwe-crosslinking. Emva kwe-crosslinking, ixesha le-hydration kunye nexesha elipheleleyo le-hydration ye-cellulose ether iya kuba yinde, kwaye i-agglomeration phenomenon iya kuba buthathaka. Xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezingabonakaliyo, i-solubility ye-cellulose ether ingcono, kwaye ayiyi kuba nemveliso engachithwanga kwisisombululo, esilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezoshishino. Xa uZhang Shuangjian elungiselela i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, i-agent ye-crosslinking i-glyoxal yatshizwa ngaphambi kokuba yomiswe ukuze ifumane i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ngokusasazwa kwe-100%, engazange ibambene xa ichithwa kwaye isasazeke ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchithwa, okwasombulula ukuhlangana ngokusebenzayo. isicelo kunye nokwandisa indawo yesicelo.
Kwimeko ye-alkaline, inkqubo eguqulwayo yokwenza i-acetal iya kuphulwa, ixesha le-hydration yemveliso liya kufinyezwa, kwaye iimpawu zokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-crosslinking ziya kubuyiselwa. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kunye nokuveliswa kwe-cellulose ether, i-crosslinking reaction ye-aldehydes idla ngokuqhutyelwa emva kwenkqubo ye-etheration reaction, mhlawumbi kwisigaba solwelo senkqubo yokuhlamba okanye kwisigaba esiqinileyo emva kwe-centrifugation. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwinkqubo yokuhlamba, ukufana kwe-crosslinking reaction ilungile, kodwa umphumo wokuwela umbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwezixhobo zobunjineli, ukudibanisa ukudibanisa kwisigaba esiqinileyo kubi, kodwa umphumo wokudibanisa ungcono kakhulu kwaye inani le-agent edibeneyo esetyenzisiweyo incinci.
I-Aldehydes i-crosslinking agents iguqule i-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi, ngaphezu kokuphucula ukunyibilika kwayo, kukho neengxelo ezingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula iimpawu zayo zomatshini, ukuzinza kwe-viscosity kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ngokomzekelo, u-Peng Zhang wasebenzisa i-glyoxal kwi-crosslink kunye ne-HEC, kwaye wahlola impembelelo yoxinaniso lwe-agent ye-crosslinking, i-crosslinking pH kunye nokushisa kwe-crosslinking kumandla omanzi we-HEC. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba phantsi kwemeko efanelekileyo yokuwela i-crosslinking, amandla amanzi e-HEC fiber emva kwe-crosslinking yanda nge-41.5%, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuphuculwe kakhulu. U-Zhang Jin wasebenzisa i-phenolic resin enyibilikayo emanzini, i-glutaraldehyde kunye ne-trichloroacetaldehyde ukunqumla i-CMC. Ngokuthelekisa iipropati, isisombululo se-soluble phenolic resin crosslinked CMC yayinokunciphisa i-viscosity encinci emva kokunyanga kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, oko kukuthi, ukuxhathisa ubushushu.
2.2 I-Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents
I-Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents ibhekisa kwiikhompawundi ze-polycarboxylic acid, ingakumbi i-succinic acid, i-malic acid, i-tartaric acid, i-citric acid kunye nezinye ii-binary okanye ii-polycarboxylic acid. I-Carboxylic acid crosslinkers yaqala ukusetyenziswa ekudibaniseni imicu yelaphu ukuze kuphuculwe ukuguda kwayo. Indlela yokuwela i-crosslinking ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iqela le-carboxyl liphendula kunye neqela le-hydroxyl ye-cellulose molecule ukuvelisa i-esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. UWelch noYang et al. babe ngabokuqala ukufunda indlela yokuwela i-carboxylic acid crosslinkers. Inkqubo ye-crosslinking yayimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: phantsi kweemeko ezithile, amaqela amabini akufutshane e-carboxylic acid kwi-carboxylic acid crosslinkers kuqala aphelelwe ngamanzi ukuze enze i-cyclic anhydride, kwaye i-anhydride iphendule nge-OH kwiimolekyuli ze-cellulose ukuze zenze i-ether ye-cellulose edibeneyo kunye nesakhiwo sendawo yenethiwekhi.
I-Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents idla ngokusabela nge-cellulose ether equlethe izinto ezithatha indawo ye-hydroxyl. Ngenxa yokuba i-carboxylic acid crosslinking agents zinyibilika emanzini kwaye aziyiyo ityhefu, zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kuphononongo lwamaplanga, isitashi, i-chitosan kunye neselulosi kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
I-derivatives kunye nezinye zendalo ze-polymer esterification crosslinking modification, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwendawo yesicelo sayo.
Hu Hanchang et al. isetyenzisiwe i-sodium hypophosphite catalyst ukuze ithathe i-polycarboxylic acid ezine ezinezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ze-molecular: Propane tricarboxylic acid (PCA), 1,2,3, 4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), cis-CPTA, cis-CHHA (Cis-ChHA) yasetyenziswa. ukugqiba amalaphu ekotoni. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ulwakhiwo olusetyhula lwe-polycarboxylic acid yokugqiba ilaphu lomqhaphu lunokusebenza okungcono kokubuyisela. Iimolekyuli ze-Cyclic polycarboxylic acid zinokuthi zisebenze ngokunqamlezileyo ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okukhulu kunye nesiphumo esingcono sokuwela kuneemolekyuli ze-carboxylic acid.
Wang Jiwei et al. wasebenzisa i-asidi edibeneyo ye-citric acid kunye ne-acetic anhydride ukwenza i-esterification kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-crosslinking yesitatshi. Ngokuvavanya iipropati zokulungiswa kwamanzi kunye nokuncamathisela elubala, bagqibe kwelokuba i-esterified crosslinked starch inozinzo olungcono lokukhenkceza, ukucaca okusezantsi kwentlama kunye nozinzo olungcono lwe-viscosity thermal kunesitatshi.
Amaqela e-Carboxylic acid anokuphucula ukunyibilika kwawo, ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kunye neepropathi zomatshini emva kwe-esterification crosslinking reaction kunye ne-oH esebenzayo kwiipolymers ezahlukeneyo, kunye neekhompawundi ze-carboxylic acid zineempawu ezingenayo ityhefu okanye ezinetyhefu ephantsi, ezinethemba elibanzi lokuguqulwa kokudibanisa kwamanzi- I-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble kwibakala lokutya, ibakala lamachiza kunye neendawo zokugquma.
2.3 I-epoxy compound crosslinking agent
I-epoxy crosslinking agent iqulethe amaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu epoxy, okanye i-epoxy compounds equkethe amaqela asebenzayo asebenzayo. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-catalysts, amaqela e-epoxy kunye namaqela asebenzayo asabela kunye ne-OH kwi-organic compounds ukuvelisa i-macromolecules kunye nesakhiwo senethiwekhi. Ngoko ke, ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-cellulose ether.
I-viscosity kunye neempawu zemishini ye-cellulose ether ingaphuculwa nge-epoxy crosslinking. I-Epoxides yayisetyenziselwa kuqala ukunyanga iintambo zelaphu kwaye ibonise umphumo omuhle wokugqiba. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxelo ezimbalwa malunga nokuguqulwa kwe-cross-linking ye-cellulose ether nge-epoxides. U-Hu Cheng et al uphuhlise i-multifunctional epoxy compound crosslinker: i-EPTA, eyaphucula ukubuyiswa okumanzi kwe-Angle yamalaphu esilika yokwenyani ukusuka kwi-200º ngaphambi konyango ukuya kwi-280º. Ngaphezu koko, intlawulo elungileyo ye-crosslinker yonyusa kakhulu isantya sokudaya kunye nesantya sokufunxa kwamalaphu esilika wokwenyani kwiidayi zeasidi. I-epoxy compound crosslinking agent esetyenziswa nguChen Xiaohui et al. : ipolyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PGDE) idityaniswe negelatin. Emva kokudibanisa, i-gelatin hydrogel inomsebenzi oncomekayo wokubuyiswa kwe-elastiki, kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokubuyisela i-elastic ukuya kuma-98.03%. Ngokusekelwe kwizifundo malunga nokuguqulwa kokudibanisa okunqamlezileyo kweepolymers zendalo ezifana nelaphu kunye ne-gelatin nge-oxides ephakathi kuncwadi, ukuguqulwa kwe-cross-linking ye-cellulose ether kunye ne-epoxides nayo inethemba elithembisayo.
I-Epichlorohydrin (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-epichlorohydrin) isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-agent ye-crosslinking kunyango lwezinto ze-polymer zendalo eziqukethe -OH, -NH2 kunye namanye amaqela asebenzayo. Emva kwe-epichlorohydrin crosslinking, i-viscosity, i-asidi kunye nokumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa ityuwa, ukuchasana kwe-shear kunye neempawu zemishini ziya kuphuculwa. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-epichlorohydrin kwi-cellulose ether crosslinking inokubaluleka okukhulu kophando. Umzekelo, u-Su Maoyao wenza i-adsorbent kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-epiclorohydrin crosslinked CMC. Uxoxe ngempembelelo yesakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo, iqondo lokutshintshwa kunye neqondo lokuxhamla kwiipropati ze-adsorption, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba ixabiso lokugcinwa kwamanzi (WRV) kunye nexabiso lokugcinwa kwe-brine (SRV) yemveliso eyenziwe malunga ne-3% ye-agent ye-crosslinking yanda nge-26. amaxesha kunye namaxesha ali-17 ngokulandelelanayo. Xa uDing Changguang et al. ilungiselelwe i-viscous carboxymethyl cellulose, i-epichlorohydrin yongezwa emva kwe-etherification ye-crosslinking. Ngokuthelekisa, i-viscosity yemveliso edibeneyo ifikelele kwi-51% ephezulu kuneyemveliso engabonakaliyo.
2.4 i-boric acid crosslinking agents
Ii-agent ze-boric crosslinking ikakhulu ziquka i-boric acid, i-borax, i-borate, i-organoborate kunye nezinye i-borate-containing crosslinking agents. I-crosslinking mechanism ikholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba i-boric acid (H3BO3) okanye i-borate (B4O72-) yenza i-tetrahydroxy borate ion (B (OH) 4-) kwisisombululo, kwaye i-dehydrates kunye ne-Oh kwi-compound. Yenza ikhompawundi edibeneyo enesakhiwo sothungelwano.
I-Boric acid crosslinkers isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengabancedisi kwiyeza, iglasi, iiseramics, i-petroleum kunye nezinye iindawo. Amandla omatshini wezinto eziphathwayo nge-boric acid crosslinking agent iya kuphuculwa, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa i-crosslinking ye-cellulose ether, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwayo.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, i-boron ye-inorganic (i-borax, i-boric acid kunye ne-sodium tetraborate, njl.njl.) yayiyeyona arhente idibanisa i-crosslinking esetyenziswa kuphuhliso lwamanzi olusekwe kwifracturing fluid kwintsimi yeoli negesi. I-Borax yayiyeyona arhente yakuqala yokuxhuma isetyenziswa. Ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwe-boron ye-inorganic, efana nexesha elifutshane lokunqumla kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, uphuhliso lwe-organoboron crosslinking agent iye yaba yindawo yophando. Uphando lwe-organoboron lwaqala ngo-1990. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokuchasana nokushisa okuphezulu, kulula ukuphula iglue, i-controllable ilibazisekile i-crosslinking, njl. ULiu Ji et al. iphuhlise i-agent ye-polymer crosslinking equlethe iqela le-phenylboric acid, i-agent edibanisayo exutywe ne-acrylic acid kunye ne-polyol polymer kunye ne-succinimide ester reaction group, i-adhesive ye-biological ephumayo inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo obalaseleyo, inokubonisa ukunamathela okulungileyo kunye neempawu zoomatshini kwindawo efumileyo, kwaye ingaba ukunamathela okulula ngakumbi. Yang Yang et al. ivelise i-zirconium boron crosslinking agent echasene nobushushu obuphezulu, eyayisetyenziselwa ukuwela i-guanidine gel base fluid ye-fracturing fluid, kwaye yaphucula kakhulu ubushushu kunye nokumelana nokucheba kwe-fracturing fluid emva konyango oludibanisayo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose ether nge-agent ye-boric acid crosslinking kwi-petroleum drilling fluid kuye kwabikwa. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo, ingasetyenziselwa amayeza kunye nokwakhiwa
I-Crosslinking ye-cellulose ether ekwakhiweni, ukugquma kunye nezinye iindawo.
2.5 Phosphide crosslinking agent
Phosphates crosslinking agents ikakhulu ziquka phosphorus trichloroxy (phosphoacyl chloride), sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, njl Indlela crosslinking kukuba PO bond okanye P-Cl bond esterified kunye molecular -OH kwisisombululo aqueous ukuvelisa diphosphate, ukwenza isakhiwo womnatha. .
Phosphide crosslinking agent ngenxa yetyhefu engeyiyo okanye ephantsi, esetyenziswa kakhulu ekutyeni, amayeza epolymer material crosslinking modification, ezifana nestatshi, chitosan kunye nolunye unyango lwendalo lwepolymer crosslinking. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-gelatinization kunye neempawu zokuvuvukala zesitashi zingatshintshwa kakhulu ngokudibanisa i-agent encinci ye-phosphide crosslinking. Emva kwe-starch crosslinking, ukushisa kwe-gelatinization kuyanda, ukuzinza kwe-paste kuphucula, ukuxhathisa kwe-asidi kungcono kunesitashi sokuqala, kwaye amandla efilimu ayanda.
Kukho nezifundo ezininzi malunga ne-chitosan crosslinking kunye ne-phosphide crosslinking agent, enokuphucula amandla ayo omatshini, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali kunye nezinye iimpawu. Okwangoku, akukho ngxelo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-agent ye-phosphide crosslinking ye-cellulose ether crosslinking treatment. Ngenxa yokuba i-cellulose ether kunye nesitashi, i-chitosan kunye nezinye iipolima zendalo ziqulethe i-polymers esebenzayo ngakumbi -OH, kunye ne-phosphide crosslinking agent ine-non-toxic okanye i-low toxicity properties, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-cellulose ether crosslinking uphando nayo inamathuba anokubakho. Efana ne-CMC esetyenziselwa ukutya, intsimi yebakala lokuxutywa kwamazinyo kunye ne-phosphide crosslinking agent modification, inokuphucula ukutyeba kwayo, iipropati zerheological. I-MC, i-HPMC kunye ne-HEC esetyenziswa kwintsimi yeyeza inokuphuculwa nge-agent ye-phosphide crosslinking.
2.6 Ezinye ii-arhente ezidibanisayo
Ezi aldehydes zingasentla, ii-epoxides kunye ne-cellulose ether crosslinking zeze-etherification crosslinking, i-carboxylic acid, i-boric acid kunye ne-phosphide crosslinking agent ye-esterification crosslinking. Ukongezelela, i-agent e-crosslinking esetyenziselwa i-cellulose ether crosslinking ikwabandakanya i-isocyanate compounds, i-nitrogen hydroxymethyl compounds, i-sulfhydryl compounds, i-metal crosslinking agents, i-organosilicon crosslinking agents, njl. kulula ukusabela nge -OH, kwaye inokwenza i-multi-dimensional network structure emva kokudibanisa. Iipropati zeemveliso ezinqamlezileyo zihambelana nohlobo lwe-agent ye-crosslinking, idigri ye-crosslinking kunye neemeko ezinqamlekileyo.
Badit · Pabin · Condu et al. isetyenziswe i-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ukuwela i-methyl cellulose. Emva kwe-crosslinking, ukushisa kweglasi (Tg) kwanda ngokunyuka kwepesenti ye-TDI, kunye nokuzinza kwesisombululo sayo samanzi kuphuculwe. I-TDI ikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuguqulwa kwe-crosslink kwi-adhesives, iingubo kunye nezinye iindawo. Emva kokuguqulwa, ipropati yokubambelela, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi kwefilimu kuya kuphuculwa. Ngoko ke, i-TDI inokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-ether ye-cellulose esetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa, iingubo kunye ne-adhesives ngokuguqulwa kwe-crosslinking.
Itekhnoloji ye-Disulfide crosslinking isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuguqulweni kwezinto zonyango kwaye inexabiso elithile lophando lokudibanisa iimveliso ze-cellulose ether kwintsimi yeyeza. Shu Shujun et al. idibene ne-β-cyclodextrin kunye ne-silica microspheres, i-chitosan edibeneyo ye-mercaptoylated kunye ne-glucan ngokusebenzisa i-shell shell ye-gradient, kunye nokususa i-silica microspheres ukufumana i-disulfide crosslinked nanocapses, ebonisa ukuzinza okulungileyo kwi-pH ye-physiological simulated.
I-Metal crosslinking agents ziyi-inorganic and organic compounds ze-ion zetsimbi eziphezulu ezifana ne-Zr (IV), i-Al (III), i-Ti (IV), i-Cr (III) kunye ne-Fe (III). Iiyoni zetsimbi eziphakamileyo zenziwa ipolymer ukuze zenze ii-ion zebhulorho ze-hydroxyl ezininzi zenyukliya ngokusebenzisa i-hydration, i-hydrolysis kunye ne-hydroxyl bhulorho. Kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba udibaniso olunqamlezileyo lwee-ion zentsimbi ezikwi-valence ephezulu lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ngee-ion zokubopha i-hydroxyl ezine-nucleated, ekulula ukudibanisa namaqela e-carboxylic acid ukwenza iipolima ze-multi-dimensional spatial structure. Xu Kai et al. wafunda iipropati ze-rheological ze-Zr (IV), i-Al (III), i-Ti (IV), i-Cr (III) kunye ne-Fe (III) i-series enexabiso eliphezulu le-carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (CMHPC) kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal, ilahleko yokucoca. , umthamo wesanti omisiweyo, i-glue-breaking residu kunye nokuhambelana netyuwa emva kokusetyenziswa. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba, I-crosslinker yentsimbi ineepropati ezifunekayo kwi-agent ye-cementing ye-oil well fracturing fluid.

3. Ukuphuculwa komsebenzi kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa be-cellulose ether ngokuguqulwa kwe-crosslinking

3.1 Ipeyinti kunye nolwakhiwo
I-ether ye-cellulose ikakhulu i-HEC, i-HPMC, i-HEMC kunye ne-MC isetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimi yokwakha, ukugquma, olu hlobo lwe-ether ye-cellulose kufuneka lube nokuxhathisa okuhle kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ityuwa kunye nobushushu, ukuxhathisa i-shear, isetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-samente yodaka, ipeyinti ye-latex. , i-ceramic tile adhesive, ipeyinti yodonga lwangaphandle, i-lacquer kunye nokunye. Ngenxa yesakhiwo, iimfuno zentsimi yezinto zokugquma kufuneka zibe namandla omatshini kunye nokuzinza, ngokubanzi ukhethe i-etherification uhlobo lwe-agent crosslinking kwi-cellulose ether crosslinking ukuguqulwa, njengokusetyenziswa kwe-epoxy halogenated alkane, i-agent ye-boric acid crosslinking ye-crosslinking yayo, inokuphucula imveliso. i-viscosity, ityuwa kunye nokumelana nokushisa, ukuxhathisa kwe-shear kunye neempawu zomatshini.
3.2 Iinkalo zamayeza, ukutya kunye neekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla
I-MC, i-HPMC kunye ne-CMC kwi-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble emanzini idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokugquma amayeza, izongezo ezikhupha kancinci kunye ne-liquid pharmaceutical thickener kunye ne-emulsion stabilizer. I-CMC ingasetyenziswa njenge-emulsifier kunye ne-thickener kwi-yogurt, iimveliso zobisi kunye nentlama yamazinyo. I-HEC kunye ne-MC zisetyenziswa kwintsimi yeekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla ukuze zityebe, zisasazeke kwaye zi-homogenize. Ngenxa yokuba intsimi yeyeza, ukutya kunye nemigangatho yemihla ngemihla yeekhemikhali idinga izinto ezikhuselekileyo kwaye ezingenayo ityhefu, ngoko ke, ngolu hlobo lwe-ether ye-cellulose ingasetyenziselwa i-phosphoric acid, i-carboxylic acid crosslinking agent, i-agent ye-sulfhydryl crosslinking, njl., emva kokuguqulwa kwe-crosslinking. ukuphucula i-viscosity yemveliso, ukuzinza kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinye iimpawu.
I-HEC ayifane isetyenziswe kwiinkalo zeyeza kunye nokutya, kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-HEC i-ether ye-cellulose engeyiyo i-ionic ene-solubility enamandla, ineenzuzo zayo ezizodwa kwi-MC, i-HPMC kunye ne-CMC. Kwixesha elizayo, iya kudityaniswa nge-agent ekhuselekileyo kunye ne-non-toxic crosslinking, eya kuba namandla amakhulu ophuhliso kwiinkalo zamayeza kunye nokutya.
3.3 Iindawo zokomba nemveliso ye-oyile
I-CMC kunye ne-carboxylated cellulose ether ziqhele ukusetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokucoca udaka kwimizi-mveliso, i-arhente yelahleko yolwelo, i-ajenti yokuqina ukuze isetyenziswe. Njenge-ether ye-cellulose engeyiyo i-ionic, i-HEC ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi yokomba ioli ngenxa yesiphumo sayo esihle sokuqina, ukuxhonywa kwesanti eyomeleleyo kunye nokuzinza, ukumelana nobushushu, umxholo ophezulu wetyuwa, ukuchasana kwemibhobho ephantsi, ilahleko encinci yolwelo, irabha ekhawulezayo. ukwaphuka kunye nentsalela ephantsi. Okwangoku, uphando olongezelelweyo lusetyenziso lwe-boric acid crosslinking agents kunye ne-metal crosslinking agents ukuguqula i-CMC esetyenziselwa i-oyile yokugaya i-oyile, i-cellulose engekho i-ionic ether crosslinking yokuguqulwa kophando lweengxelo ezincinci, kodwa ukuguqulwa kwe-hydrophobic ye-non-ionic cellulose ether, ebonisa okubalulekileyo. i-viscosity, ubushushu kunye nokumelana netyuwa kunye nokuzinza kwe-chear, ukusabalalisa okulungileyo kunye nokuchasana ne-biological hydrolysis. Emva kokuba crosslinked by boric acid, metal, epoxide, epoxy halogenated alkanes kunye nezinye arhente crosslinking, cellulose ether esetyenziswa kubhobhoza oyile kunye nemveliso iye yaphucula ukutyeba kwayo, ukumelana netyuwa kunye nobushushu, ukuzinza njalo njalo, nto leyo inethemba elikhulu isicelo kwi. kwixesha elizayo.
3.4 Eminye imimandla
I-ether ye-cellulose ngenxa yokuqina, i-emulsification, ifilimu yokwenza ifilimu, ukukhuselwa kwe-colloidal, ukugcinwa komswakama, ukunamathela, ukuchasana nobuntununtunu kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibalaseleyo, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ukongeza kwimihlaba engentla, ekwasetyenziselwa ukwenza iphepha, i-ceramics, i-textile printing kunye nokudaya; i-polymerization reaction kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngokweemfuno zezinto eziphathekayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ii-agent ezidibanisayo ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwe-crosslinking ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo. Ngokubanzi, i-crosslinked cellulose ether inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-etherified crosslinked cellulose ether kunye ne-esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. I-Aldehydes, i-epoxides kunye nezinye i-crosslinkers zisabela nge-Oh kwi-ether ye-cellulose ukwenza ibhondi ye-ether-oxygen (-O-), eye-etherification crosslinkers. I-Carboxylic acid, i-phosphide, i-boric acid kunye nezinye ii-agent ezixutywayo zisabela kunye ne-OH kwi-ether ye-cellulose ukwenza iibhondi ze-ester, ze-esterification crosslinking agents. Iqela le-carboxyl kwi-CMC liphendula kunye ne-OH kwi-agent edibeneyo ukuvelisa i-esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Okwangoku, kukho uphando olumbalwa ngolu hlobo lokuguqulwa kokudibanisa, kwaye kusekho indawo yophuhliso kwixesha elizayo. Ngenxa yokuba uzinzo lwe-ether bond lungcono kune-ester bond, uhlobo lwe-ether ye-crosslinked cellulose ether inozinzo olomeleleyo kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo esicelo, i-agent edibeneyo efanelekileyo ingakhethwa kwi-cellulose ether crosslinking modification, ukwenzela ukufumana iimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo.

4. Isiphelo

Okwangoku, imboni isebenzisa i-glyoxal kwi-crosslink cellulose ether, ukwenzela ukulibazisa ixesha lokuchithwa, ukusombulula ingxaki ye-caking yemveliso ngexesha lokuchithwa. I-Glyoxal crosslinked cellulose ether inokutshintsha kuphela ukunyibilika kwayo, kodwa akukho phuculo olucacileyo kwezinye iipropathi. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwezinye ii-agent ezinqamlezayo ngaphandle kwe-glyoxal ye-cellulose ether crosslinking ayifane ifundwe. Ngenxa yokuba i-cellulose ether isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-oyile yokomba, ukwakhiwa, ukugquma, ukutya, amayeza kunye namanye amashishini, ukunyibilika kwayo, i-rheology, iipropathi zoomatshini zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni kwayo. Ngokuguqulwa kwe-crosslinking, inokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kwesicelo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zesicelo. Ngokomzekelo, i-carboxylic acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-agent ye-boric acid crosslinking ye-cellulose ether esterification inokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kwintsimi yokutya kunye namayeza. Nangona kunjalo, i-aldehydes ayinakusetyenziswa kwishishini lokutya kunye namayeza ngenxa yetyhefu yabo yomzimba. I-asidi ye-Boric kunye ne-metal crosslinking agents ziluncedo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kweoli kunye ne-gas fracturing fluid emva kwe-crosslinking cellulose ether esetyenziselwa ukugaya ioli. Ezinye i-alkyl crosslinking agents, ezifana ne-epichlorohydrin, zinokuphucula i-viscosity, i-rheological properties kunye ne-mechanical properties of cellulose ether. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, iimfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo kwiipropati eziphathekayo zihlala ziphucula. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo, uphando lwexesha elizayo kwi-cellulose ether crosslinking lunamathuba abanzi ophuhliso.