Udaka olulungeleyo oluxubeneyo lwahlulwe lube ludaka oluxutywe nomanzi kunye nodaka oluxutyiweyo olomileyo ngokwendlela yokuvelisa. Umxube omanzi oxutywe namanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngudaka oluxutyiweyo olumanzi, kwaye umxube oqinileyo owenziwe ngezinto ezomileyo ubizwa ngokuba ngudaka oluxutyiweyo. Zininzi izinto ezingasetyenziswanga ezibandakanyeka kudaka olusele luxutywe. Ukongeza kwizinto ezenziwe ngesamente, ii-aggregates, kunye ne-admixtures yeminerali, imixube kufuneka yongezwe ukuphucula iplastiki yayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokungaguquguquki. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-admixtures zodaka olulungeleyo, olunokwahlulwa lube yi-cellulose ether, starch ether, redispersible latex powder, bentonite, njl. ukusuka kwi-chemical composition; inokwahlulwa ibe yi-arhente yokungenisa umoya, i-stabilizer, i-anti-cracking fiber, i-Retarder, i-accelerator, isinciphisi samanzi, i-dispersant, njl.
I-1 i-admixtures eqhelekileyo yodaka olulungeleyo
1.1 I-arhente yokungenisa umoya
I-arhente yokungenisa umoya i-agent esebenzayo, kunye neentlobo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-rosin resins, i-alkyl kunye ne-alkyl enevumba elimnandi le-hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, njl. Kukho amaqela e-hydrophilic kunye namaqela e-hydrophobic kwi-agent ye-air-entraining molecule. Xa i-agent ye-air-entraining yongezwa kwi-mortar, iqela le-hydrophilic ye-agent ye-agent ye-air-entraining molecule ibhengezwa ngamaqhekeza e-samente, ngelixa iqela le-hydrophobic lidibene namabhubhu amancinci omoya. Kwaye isasazwe ngokulinganayo kumdaka, ukuze ukulibaziseka kwenkqubo ye-hydration yokuqala yesamente, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, ukunciphisa izinga lelahleko lokungaguquguquki, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, amaqamza amancinci angadlala indima yokuthambisa, ukuphucula ukumpompa kunye nokutshizwa kodaka.
Impembelelo ye-arhente yokungenisa umoya ekusebenzeni kodaka oluxutywe ngomatshini wokutshiza, uphando lufumene ukuba: i-arhente yokungenisa umoya yazisa inani elikhulu lamaqamza amancinci kumdaka, owaphucula ukusebenza kodaka, wanciphisa umbane. ukuchasana ngexesha lokupompa kunye nokutshiza, kunye nokunciphisa i-clogging Phenomenon; ukongezwa kwe-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kunciphisa ukusebenza kokuqina kwebhondi yodaka, kunye nokulahleka kokusebenza kwamandla e-tensile bond yodaka kunyuka ngokunyuka komxholo; I-agent yokungenisa umoya iphucula ukuhambelana, i-2h yezinga lokulahlekelwa kwe-consistency kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar Ireyithi kunye nezinye izibonakaliso zokusebenza ziphucula ukusebenza kokutshiza kunye nokumpompa kwe-mechanical spraying mortar, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla oxinzelelo kunye nokudibanisa. amandla odaka.
Iimpembelelo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ezifumanekayo ezithengiswayo zokungenisa umoya kwi-mortar esele ixutywe. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ngaphandle kokuqwalasela umphumo we-cellulose ether, ukwanda kwenani le-arhente yokungenisa umoya kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ubuninzi obumanzi bodaka oluxutywe ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nomxholo wodaka Umthamo womoya kunye nokuhambelana kwanda kakhulu, ngelixa izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye namandla oxinzelelo ayancipha; kwaye ngokufunda utshintsho lwesalathiso sokusebenza sodaka oluxutywe ne-cellulose ether kunye ne-air-entraining agent, kufunyenwe ukuba ukulungiswa kwezi zibini kufuneka kuqwalaselwe emva kokuba i-agent-entraining agent kunye ne-cellulose ether ixutywe. I-ether ye-cellulose inokubangela ukuba ezinye ii-agent zokungenisa umoya zingaphumeleli, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar.
Ukuxuba okukodwa kwe-arhente yokungenisa umoya, i-arhente yokunciphisa i-shrinkage kunye nomxube wabo bobabini banempembelelo ethile kwiipropati zodaka. UWang Quanlei wafumanisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-arhente yokungenisa umoya kwandisa izinga lokunciphisa udaka, kwaye ukongezwa kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa i-shrinkage kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokunciphisa udaka. Zombini zinokulibazisa ukuqhekeka kweringi yodaka. Xa ezi zimbini zixutywe, izinga lokucutheka kodaka alitshintshi kakhulu, kwaye ukuxhathisa kokuqhekeka kuyanda.
1.2 Umgubo welatex ophinda uhlakazwe
I-latex powder enokuphinda ihlakazwe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yodaka lomgubo omisiweyo wanamhlanje. I-polymer e-soluble ye-organic polymer eveliswa yi-emulsion ye-polymer ephezulu-molekyuli ngobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukomisa ukutshiza, ukunyangwa kwendawo kunye nezinye iinkqubo. URoger ukholelwa ukuba i-emulsion eyenziwa yi-latex powder ehlaziyiweyo kwi-sement mortar yenza isakhiwo sefilimu ye-polymer ngaphakathi kodaka, olunokuphucula amandla omdaka we-samente ukuxhathisa umonakalo.
Iziphumo zophando lwesicelo somgubo we-latex ophinda uhlawulwe kwi-samente udaka lubonisa ukuba i-latex powder ehlaziywayo inokuphucula i-elasticity kunye nokuqina kwezixhobo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokuhamba kodaka olutsha oluxutywe, kwaye ibe nefuthe elithile lokunciphisa amanzi. Iqela lakhe liphonononge umphumo wenkqubo yokunyanga kwi-tensile bond bond of mortar, laza lafikelela kwisigqibo esifanayo sokuba i-disperible latex powder yenza udaka luvezwe kwindawo yendalo ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokutshintsha komswakama. Sasebenzisa i-XCT ukuba sifunde umphumo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-rubber powder kwi-modified mortar kwisakhiwo se-pore, kwaye sikholelwa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nodaka oluqhelekileyo, inani lemingxuma kunye nomthamo wemingxuma kwi-mortar modified yayinkulu.
Amabakala ahlukeneyo kunye namanani e-powder yerubha elungisiweyo yakhethwa ukuvavanya impembelelo yabo ekusebenzeni kodaka olungenamanzi. Iziphumo zophando zibonise ukuba xa inani le-powder yerabha elungisiweyo yayikuluhlu lwe-1.0% ukuya kwi-1.5%, ukusebenza kwamabakala ahlukeneyo e-rubber powder kwakunokulinganisela. . Emva kokuba i-latex powder edibeneyo yongezwa kwi-samente, izinga lokuqala le-hydration ye-samente liyancipha, ifilimu ye-polymer igoqa iinqununu ze-cement, i-samente igcwele i-hydrated, kwaye iipropati ezahlukeneyo ziphuculwe. Ngophando, kufunyenwe ukuba ukuxuba i-latex powder edibeneyo i-redispersible kwi-samente yodaka kunokunciphisa amanzi, kwaye i-latex powder kunye ne-samente inokwenza isakhiwo sothungelwano sokuphucula amandla ebhondi yodaka, ukunciphisa i-voids yodaka, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka.
Impembelelo yokuguqulwa kwe-latex powder ekwazi ukuchithwa kwiipropati ze-ultra-fine sand sement mortar. Kuphando, umlinganiselo omiselweyo wesanti yekalika ngu-1:2.5, ukuhambelana (70±5) mm, kwaye ubungakanani bomgubo werabha bukhethwe njenge-0-3% yobunzima besanti yekalika, utshintsho Iimpawu ezincinci zodaka olulungisiweyo kwiintsuku ezingama-28 zahlaziywa yi-SEM, kwaye iziphumo zabonisa ukuba uphezulu umxholo we-latex powder odispersible, kokukhona iqhubeka ngakumbi ifilimu ye-polymer eyenziwe kumphezulu wemveliso yodaka, kunye nokusebenza ngcono udaka.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-latex powder edispersible kwi-EPS insulation mortar, uphando lubonisa ukuba emva kokuba ixutywe nodaka lwesamente, amasuntswana e-polymer kunye nesamente iya kubumbana, yenze umaleko odibeneyo omnye komnye, kwaye yenze inethiwekhi epheleleyo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-hydration. Ulwakhiwo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kakhulu ukomelela kokuqina kwebhondi kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo lodaka lokufakelwa kwe-thermal.
1.3 Umgubo oqiniweyo
Umsebenzi we-powder thickening kukuphucula ukusebenza okubanzi kodaka. Yinto yomgubo ongeyena umoya wokungena emoyeni olungiselelwe ukusuka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-inorganic, iipolymers eziphilayo, i-surfactants kunye nezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo. I-powder engqingqwa iquka i-latex powder, i-bentonite, i-inorganic mineral powder, i-thickener yokugcina amanzi, njl., enefuthe elithile le-adsorption kwiimolekyuli zamanzi ezibonakalayo, kungekhona nje ukunyusa ukuhambelana kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kodwa kunye nokuhambelana kakuhle iisamente ezahlukeneyo. Ukuhambelana kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka. Siye safunda umphumo we-HJ-C2 umgubo ongqingqwa kwiipropati zodaka oluqhelekileyo oluxubeneyo, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-powder eqiniweyo inefuthe elincinci kwi-consistency kunye ne-28d yamandla acinezelayo yodaka oluqhelekileyo oluxubeneyo, kwaye lunobuhle obuhle. isiphumo kwiqondo lokwalekwa kwesiphumo sokuphucula udaka. Impembelelo yomgubo otyebileyo kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo kwizalathisi zomzimba kunye noomatshini kunye nokuqina kodaka olutsha phantsi kweedosi ezahlukeneyo. Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba ukusebenza kodaka olutsha kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu ngenxa yokongezwa kwepowder thickening. Ukudityaniswa kwe-latex powder edibeneyo kuphucula amandla e-flexural of mortar kunye nokunciphisa amandla oxinzelelo omdaka, kunye nokufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kunye ne-inorganic mineral materials kunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla omdaka; Ukuqina kodaka lomxube owomileyo kuye kwachaphazeleka, okwandisa ukuncipha kodaka. Umphumo wokudibanisa i-bentonite kunye ne-cellulose ether kwiimpawu zokusebenza zodaka oluxutywe ngokulungeleyo, phantsi kwemeko yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kodaka, kuqukunjelwa ukuba inani elifanelekileyo le-bentonite li malunga ne-10kg / m3, kunye nenani eliphezulu le-cellulose ether. yiglu 0.05% yetotali yemathiriyeli yesamente. Kulo mlinganiso, umgubo oxubileyo oxutywe kunye nezi zibini zinempembelelo engcono ekusebenzeni okubanzi kodaka.
1.4 I-Etere yeSelulosi
I-Cellulose ether yavela kwinkcazo yeendonga zeeseli zesityalo ngumlimi waseFransi u-Anselme Payon kwi-1830s. Yenziwe ngokusabela i-cellulose evela kumthi kunye nomqhaphu kunye nesoda ye-caustic, kwaye emva koko yongeza i-etherification agent ye-chemical reaction. Ngenxa yokuba i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nemiphumo yokuqina, ukongeza inani elincinci le-cellulose ether kwisamente kunokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka oluxutywe ngokutsha. Kwimathiriyeli esekwe kwisamente, iintlobo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zecellulose ether ziquka imethyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether kunye nehydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether esetyenziswa rhoqo.
IHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) inefuthe elikhulu kumanzi, ugcino lwamanzi kunye nokomelela kodaka lokuzilinganisa. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-cellulose ether inokuphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar, ukunciphisa ukuhambelana kodaka, kunye nokudlala umphumo omuhle wokunciphisa; xa inani le-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether liphakathi kwe-0.02% kunye ne-0.04%, amandla omdaka ayancipha kakhulu. U-Xu Fenlian uxoxe ngempembelelo ye-hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kodaka olusele luxutywe ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa komxholo we-hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-cellulose ether idlala i-air-entraining effect kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kodaka. Ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kunciphisa i-stratification yodaka kwaye kwandisa ixesha lokusebenza lomdaka. Isongezo sangaphandle esinokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kodaka. Ngexesha lenkqubo yophando, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umxholo we-cellulose ether akufanele ube phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko kuya kukhokelela ekunyuseni okukhulu kumxholo womoya wodaka, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kobuninzi, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa amandla. impembelelo kumgangatho wodaka. Umphumo we-cellulose ether kwiipropati ze-mortar edibeneyo esele ilungile. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunokuphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunempembelelo enkulu yokunciphisa amanzi kumdaka. I-cellulose ether nayo inokwenza umxube wodaka Ukunciphisa ukuxinana, ixesha elide lokumisela, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kunye namandla oxinzelelo. Iselulosi ether kunye nesitatshi ether ziindidi ezimbini zemixube edla ngokusetyenziswa kudaka lolwakhiwo. Impembelelo yezi zimbini zixutywe kwi-dry-mixed mortar ekusebenzeni kodaka. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukudityaniswa kwezi zimbini kunokuphucula kakhulu amandla ebhondi yodaka.
Abaphengululi abaninzi baye bafunda impembelelo ye-cellulose ether kumandla odaka lwesamente, kodwa ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose ether, i-parameters ye-molecular nayo yahlukile, ebangela ukubahluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kodaka lwesamente olulungisiweyo. Umphumo we-viscosity kunye ne-dosage ye-cellulose ether kwiipropati zomatshini we-samente slurry. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba amandla omdaka wesamente aguqulwe nge-cellulose ether ene-viscosity ephezulu iphantsi, kwaye amandla oxinzelelo lwe-samente slurry abonisa ukwanda okukhulu kwidosi ye-cellulose ether. Umkhwa wokunciphisa kwaye ekugqibeleni uzinzile, ngelixa amandla e-flexural abonisa inkqubo eguqukayo yokunyuka, ukunciphisa, ukuzinza kunye nokunyuka kancinci.
2 Isiqendu
(1) Uphando kwii-admixtures luseluncinci kuphando lovavanyo, kwaye impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente ayinayo inkxaso yenkqubo yethiyori enzulu. Kusekho ukungabikho kohlalutyo lobungakanani bempembelelo yokongezwa kwe-admixtures kwi-molecular composition of cement-based materials, utshintsho lwamandla okudibanisa i-interface, kunye nenkqubo ye-hydration.
(2) Umphumo we-admixture kufuneka ugxininiswe kwisicelo sobunjineli. Okwangoku, uhlalutyo oluninzi lusaxhomekeke kuhlalutyo lwebhubhoratri. Iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-substrates eludongeni, ukugqithisa komhlaba, ukuxutywa kwamanzi, njl. Amaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka, amaqondo obushushu, isantya somoya, amandla oomatshini asetyenziswayo kunye neendlela zokusebenza, njl. njl. zonke zichaphazela ngqo udaka oluxutywe ngaphambili. Isiphumo sokuxuba udaka. Ukuze kuphunyezwe isiphumo esihle sokusetyenziswa kubunjineli, udaka oluxutywe ngokulungeleyo kufuneka luhluke ngokupheleleyo kwaye lube lomntu, kwaye uqwalaselo lomgca wemveliso kunye neemfuno zeendleko zeshishini kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukuqinisekiswa kwemveliso yefomula yebhubhoratri kufuneka kuqhutywe. ngaphandle, ukuze kuphunyezwe elona nqanaba liphezulu lokusebenzela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-22-2022