Iipropati ze-gypsum mortar

Impembelelo yesiqulatho se-cellulose ether ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwi-desulfurized gypsum mortar yavavanywa ngeendlela ezintathu zokuvavanya ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-gypsum mortar, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo zathelekiswa kwaye zahlalutywa. Umphumo womxholo we-cellulose ether ekugcinweni kwamanzi, amandla acinezelayo, amandla okuguquguquka kunye namandla ebhondi ye-gypsum mortar yafundwa. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kuya kunciphisa amandla oxinzelelo lwe-gypsum mortar, ukuphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye namandla okudibanisa, kodwa kube nefuthe elincinci kumandla aguquguqukayo.

Amagama angundoqo:ukugcinwa kwamanzi; i-cellulose ether; udaka lwegypsum

I-ether ye-cellulose yi-polymer e-soluble yamanzi, ecutshungulwa kwi-cellulose yendalo ngokuchithwa kwe-alkali, i-grafting reaction (etherification), ukuhlamba, ukomisa, ukugaya kunye nezinye iinkqubo. I-ether ye-cellulose ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-thickener, i-binder, i-dipersant, i-stabilizer, i-agent yokumisa, i-emulsifier kunye ne-film-forming aid, njl. yodaka, ngoko ke i-cellulose ether yeyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ipholima enyibilikayo emanzini kudaka. I-ether ye-cellulose isoloko isetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokugcina amanzi kwi-(desulfurization) i-gypsum mortar. Iminyaka yophando ibonise ukuba i-arhente yokugcina amanzi inempembelelo ebaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho we-plaster kunye nokusebenza kwe-anti-plaster layer. Ukugcinwa kakuhle kwamanzi kunokuqinisekisa ukuba i-plaster i-Hydrates ngokupheleleyo, iqinisekisa amandla afunekayo, iphucula iimpawu ze-rheological ze-stucco plaster. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-gypsum. Ngesi sizathu, umbhali uqhathanise iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lokugcina amanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kweziphumo ze-cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kokugcinwa kwamanzi egypsum, kunye nokuvavanya iimpawu zomatshini ze-cellulose ether kwi-gypsum mortar. Impembelelo ye, yavavanywa ngokulinga.

1. Uvavanyo

1.1 Iimathiriyeli ekrwada

I-Desulfurization gypsum: I-flue gas desulfurization gypsum yaseShanghai Shidongkou No.°C kunye ne-calcining kwi-180°C. Cellulose ether: imethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether enikwe yiKima Chemical Company, eneviscosity ye20000mPa·S; isanti yisanti ephakathi.

1.2 Indlela yokuvavanya

1.2.1 Indlela yokuvavanya ireyithi yokugcina amanzi

(1) Indlela yokufunxa ivacuum (“Plastering Gypsum” GB/T28627-2012) Sika isiqwenga sephepha lokucoca elikwisantya esiphakathi ukusuka kububanzi bangaphakathi befuneli yeBuchner, ulisasaze emazantsi efuneli yaseBuchner, kwaye ulicwilise ngayo. amanzi. Beka i-Buchner funnel kwi-suction filter bottle, qalisa ipompo yokucoca i-vacuum, i-filter ye-1 min, susa i-funnel ye-Buchner, usule amanzi ashiyekileyo phantsi kunye nephepha lokucoca kunye nesisindo (G1), ngokuchanekileyo kwi-0.1g. Beka i-gypsum slurry eneqondo eliqhelekileyo lokusasazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwifuneli yeBuchner ekalisiweyo, kwaye usebenzise isikhuseli esimile okwe-T ukujikeleza ngokuthe nkqo kwifaneli ukuyikhupha, ukuze ubukhulu bodaka bugcinwe ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe (10).±0.5) mm. Sula intsalela ye-gypsum slurry kudonga lwangaphakathi lwefuneli yaseBuchner, umlinganiselo (G2), ichanekile ukuya kwi-0.1g. Ixesha lexesha ukusuka ekugqityweni kokuvuselela ukuya ekugqityweni kokulinganisa akufanele libe ngaphezu kwe-5min. Beka ifuneli yeBuchner enobunzima kwiflaski yokucoca kwaye uqalise impompo yokufunxa. Lungisa uxinzelelo olubi (53.33±0.67) kPa okanye (400±5) mm Hg kwimizuzwana engama-30. Ukuhluzwa kwe-suction imizuzu engama-20, emva koko susa i-funnel ye-Buchner, sula amanzi ashiyekileyo emlonyeni ongezantsi ngephepha lokucoca, umlinganiselo (G3), ngokuchanekileyo kwi-0.1g.

(2) Iphepha lokuhluza indlela yokufunxa amanzi (1) (umgangatho wesiFrentshi) Fukisha uludaka oluxutyiweyo kwiileya ezininzi zephepha lokucoca. Iindidi zephepha lokucoca elisetyenzisiweyo zezi: (a) I-1 umaleko wephepha lokucoca olukhawulezayo oludibana ngqo nodaka; (b) Iileya ezi-5 zephepha lokuhluza ukuhluza okucothayo. Ipleyiti engqukuva yeplastiki isebenza njenge pallet, kwaye ihlala ngqo etafileni. Ukukhupha ubunzima bediski yeplastiki kunye nephepha lokucoca ukuhluza okucothayo (ubunzima yi-M0). Emva kokuba i-plaster ye-paris ixutywe namanzi ukwenza i-slurry, igalelwa ngokukhawuleza kwi-cylinder (i-diameter yangaphakathi ye-56mm, ubude obuyi-55mm) egqunywe ngephepha lokucoca. Emva kokuba i-slurry idibene nephepha lokucoca ngemizuzu eyi-15, phinda ulinganise iphepha lokucoca elicothayo kunye ne-pallet (ubuninzi be-M1). Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-plastered kubonakaliswa ngobunzima bamanzi afunliweyo kwisikwere sesentimitha yendawo yokufunxa yephepha elingapheliyo lokucoca, oko kukuthi: ukufunxwa kwamanzi kwephepha lokucoca = (M1-M0) / 24.63

(3) Iphepha lokuhluza indlela yokufunxa amanzi (2) (“Imigangatho yeendlela ezisisiseko zovavanyo lokwenziwa komsebenzi wokwakha udaka” JGJ/T70) Viyisha ubunzima m1 weshiti elingenamanzi kunye nokungunda kovavanyo olomileyo kunye nobunzima m2 wamaqhekeza ali-15 aphakathi. -Isantya sephepha lokucoca olusemgangathweni. Gcwalisa umxube wodaka kwi-mold yelingo ngexesha elinye, kwaye uyifake kwaye uyibethe amaxesha amaninzi nge-spatula. Xa udaka lokuzalisa luphezulu kancinci kunomphetho wokubumba kwesilingo, sebenzisa i-spatula ukukrazula udaka olungaphezulu kumphezulu wovavanyo kwi-engile yee-degrees ezingama-450, emva koko sebenzisa i-spatula ukukrwela udaka olusicaba ngokuchasene. umphezulu wovavanyo lokungunda kwi-engile ethe tyaba. Cima udaka kwincam yovavanyo lokubumba, kwaye ulinganise ubunzima obupheleleyo m3 yovavanyo lokubumba, ishidi elingaphantsi elingenamanzi kunye nodaka. Gquma umphezulu wodaka ngekhusi lokucoca, beka amaqhekeza ali-15 ephepha lokucoca kumphezulu wesikrini sokucoca, ugqume umphezulu wephepha lokucoca ngeshiti elingenamanzi, kwaye ucinezele ishidi elingagxumekiyo elinobunzima be-2kg. Emva kokumisa imizuzu emi-2, susa izinto ezinzima kunye namaphepha angenakunyakaziswa, khupha iphepha lokucoca (ngaphandle kwesikrini sokucoca), kwaye ngokukhawuleza ulinganise ubunzima bephepha lokucoca m4. Bala ubumanzi bodaka ukusuka kumlinganiselo wodaka kunye nobungakanani bamanzi abongeziweyo.

1.2.2 Iindlela zovavanyo lwamandla acinezelayo, amandla okuguquguquka kunye nokomelela kwebhondi

Amandla oxinzelelo lwe-Gypsum mortar, amandla aguquguqukayo, uvavanyo lwamandla ebhondi kunye neemeko zovavanyo ezinxulumene nazo ziqhutyelwa ngokwamanyathelo okusebenza kwi-"Plastering Gypsum" GB / T 28627-2012.

2. Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo

2.1 Impembelelo ye-cellulose ether kugcino lwamanzi lodaka - uthelekiso lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo

Ukuze uthelekise umahluko weendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ukugcinwa kwamanzi, iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zavavanywa kwifomula efanayo yegypsum.

Ukusuka kwiziphumo zokuthelekisa uvavanyo lweendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, kunokubonwa ukuba xa inani le-ejenti yokugcina amanzi linyuka ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-0.1%, umphumo wokuvavanya usebenzisa indlela yokufunxa amanzi yephepha lokucoca (1) ihla ukusuka kwi-150.0mg / cm.² ukuya kwi-8.1mg/cm² , yehle ngama-94.6%; izinga logcino lwamanzi lodaka olulinganiswe ngephepha lokucoca indlela yokufunxa amanzi (2) linyuke ukusuka kuma-95.9% ukuya kuma-99.9%, kwaye izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi linyuke nge-4% kuphela; isiphumo sovavanyo lwendlela yokufunxa ivacuum yonyuke ngama-69% .8% yanda ukuya kuma-96.0%, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunyuke ngama-37.5%.

Inokubonwa kule nto ukuba izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi elilinganiswe ngephepha lokucoca indlela yokufunxa amanzi (2) alikwazi ukuvula umahluko ekusebenzeni kunye nomthamo we-arhente yokugcina amanzi, engahambelani novavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye nesigwebo se izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-gypsum yorhwebo lodaka, kunye nendlela yokuhluza i-vacuum ngenxa yokuba Kukho ukufunxa ngenkani, ngoko ke umahluko kwidatha unokuvulwa ngenkani ukuze ubonise umahluko ekugcinweni kwamanzi. Kwangaxeshanye, iziphumo zovavanyo zisebenzisa indlela yokufunxa amanzi yephepha lokucoca (1) ziguquguquka kakhulu ngobungakanani bearhente yokugcina amanzi, enokwandisa ngcono umahluko phakathi komyinge wearhente yokugcina amanzi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni isantya sokufunxa samanzi sephepha lokucoca elilinganiswe yile ndlela sisixa samanzi afunxwa liphepha lokucoca kwindawo yeyunithi, xa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi omgangatho we-diffusivity yodaka kuyahluka ngohlobo, idosi kunye ne-viscosity yodaka. i-agent yokugcinwa kwamanzi exutywe, iziphumo zovavanyo azikwazi ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ukugcinwa kwamanzi okwenene kodaka. Ixabiso.

Ukushwankathela, indlela yokufunxa ivacuum inokwahlula ngokufanelekileyo ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngodaka, kwaye ayichatshazelwa kusetyenziso lwamanzi lodaka. Nangona iziphumo zovavanyo lwephepha lokucoca indlela yokufunxa amanzi (1) zichatshazelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kodaka, ngenxa yamanyathelo alula okulinga, ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka kunokuthelekiswa phantsi kwefomula efanayo.

Umlinganiselo we-gypsum esisigxina ye-cementitious material kwisanti ephakathi yi-1:2.5. Lungisa ubungakanani bamanzi ngokutshintsha isixa se-cellulose ether. Impembelelo yomxholo we-cellulose ether kwizinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-gypsum mortar yafundwa. Ukususela kwiziphumo zovavanyo, kunokubonwa ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether, ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka kuphuculwe kakhulu; xa umxholo we-cellulose ether ufikelela kwi-0% yesixa esipheleleyo sodaka.Malunga ne-10%, igophe lokufunxa amanzi lephepha lokucoca lithande ukuthamba.

Isakhiwo se-cellulose ether siqukethe amaqela e-hydroxyl kunye neebhondi ze-ether. Iiathom kula maqela zinxulumana neemolekyuli zamanzi ukwenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen, ukuze iiathom zamanzi zasimahla zibe ngamanzi abophekileyo, ngaloo ndlela zidlala indima entle ekugcineni amanzi. Kudaka, ukuze ijinja, igypsum idinga amanzi Fumana i-hydrated. Isixa esifanelekileyo se-cellulose ether sinokugcina ukufuma kwi-mortar ixesha elide elaneleyo, ukwenzela ukuba ukusetwa kunye nenkqubo yokuqina ikwazi ukuqhubeka. Xa umthamo wayo ukhulu kakhulu, kungekhona nje umphumo wokuphucula ungabonakali, kodwa kunye neendleko ziya kwanda, ngoko ke idosi efanelekileyo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqwalasela ukusebenza kunye nokwahlukana kwe-viscosity yee-agent ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amanzi, umxholo we-cellulose ether uzimisele ukuba yi-0.10% yexabiso elipheleleyo lodaka.

2.2 Impembelelo ye-cellulose ether content kwiipropathi zomatshini zegypsum

2.2.1 Impembelelo kumandla oxinzelelo kunye nokomelela okuguquguqukayo

Umlinganiselo we-gypsum esisigxina ye-cementitious material kwisanti ephakathi yi-1:2.5. Guqula ubungakanani be-cellulose ether kwaye ulungelelanise ubungakanani bamanzi. Ukususela kwiziphumo zovavanyo, kunokubonwa ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether, amandla oxinzelelo anomgangatho obalulekileyo wokuhla, kwaye amandla e-flexural akanalo utshintsho olucacileyo.

Ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether, amandla oxinzelelo lwe-7d odaka lwehla. Uncwadi [6] lukholelwa ukuba oku kungenxa yokuba: (1) xa i-cellulose ether yongezwa kwi-mortar, iipolymers eziguquguqukayo kwi-pores yodaka ziyanda, kwaye ezi zi-polymers eziguquguqukayo azikwazi ukubonelela ngenkxaso eqinile xa i-matrix edibeneyo ixinzelelwe. umphumo, ukwenzela ukuba amandla oxinzelelo omdaka ayancipha (umbhali weli phepha ukholelwa ukuba umthamo we-cellulose ether polymer incinci kakhulu, kwaye impembelelo eyenziwa yingcinezelo inokungahoywa); (2) ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether, umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi ungcono kwaye ungcono, ukwenzela ukuba emva kokuba ibhloko yovavanyo lodaka lwenziwe, i-porosity kwibhloko yovavanyo lodaka iyanda, enciphisa ukuxinwa komzimba olukhuni. kwaye yenza buthathaka amandla omzimba oqinileyo wokuxhathisa amandla angaphandle, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa amandla oxinzelelo lodaka (3) Xa udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo luxutywe namanzi, amasuntswana e-cellulose ether aqala adsorbed kumphezulu we-samente amasuntswana ukuya. yenza ifilimu ye-latex, eyanciphisa i-hydration ye-gypsum, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amandla omdaka. Ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether, umlinganiselo wokugoqa wehla. Nangona kunjalo, xa isixa sikhulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kodaka kuya kuncitshiswa, oku kubonakaliswa kwinto yokuba udaka lune-viscous kakhulu, kulula ukunamathela kwimela, kwaye kunzima ukusabalalisa ngexesha lokwakha. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokuqwalasela ukuba izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kufuneka lihlangabezane neemeko, isixa se-cellulose ether sinqunywe ukuba sibe yi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.10% yexabiso elipheleleyo lodaka.

2.2.2 Ifuthe kukuqina kokuqina kwebhondi

I-ether ye-cellulose ibizwa ngokuba yi-arhente yokugcina amanzi, kwaye umsebenzi wayo kukunyusa izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Injongo kukugcina umswakama oqulethwe kwi-gypsum slurry, ngakumbi emva kokuba i-gypsum slurry ifakwe eludongeni, umswakama awuyi kuthatyathwa yimpahla yodonga, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa komswakama we-gypsum slurry kwi-interface. Ukusabela kwe-Hydration, ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla ebhondi yojongano. Gcina umlinganiselo we-gypsum composite cementitious material ukuya kwisanti ephakathi kwi-1:2.5. Guqula ubungakanani be-cellulose ether kwaye ulungelelanise ubungakanani bamanzi.

Inokubonwa kwiziphumo zovavanyo ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether, nangona amandla oxinzelelo ehla, amandla ayo okuqina ayanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunokwenza ifilimu encinci ye-polymer phakathi kwe-cellulose ether kunye ne-hydration particles. Ifilimu ye-cellulose ether polymer iya kuchithwa emanzini, kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezomileyo, ngenxa yokubambisana kwayo, inamandla okuthintela Indima yokunyuka komswakama. Ifilimu inomphumela wokutywina, ophucula ukomisa kodaka. Ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi kakuhle kwe-cellulose ether, amanzi aneleyo agcinwa ngaphakathi kodaka, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuphuhliswa okupheleleyo kokuqina kwe-hydration kunye namandla, kunye nokuphucula amandla okubopha udaka. Ukongeza, ukongezwa kwe-ether cellulose kuphucula ukuhambelana kodaka, kwaye kwenza udaka lube neplastiki elungileyo kunye nokuguquguquka, okwenza ukuba udaka lukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokuguqulwa kwe-shrinkage ye-substrate, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe amandla ebhondi yodaka. . Ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether, ukunamathela kwe-gypsum mortar kwizinto ezisisiseko kwandisa. Xa ukuqina kokuqina kokuqina kwegypsum yokutyabeka yomaleko ongezantsi ngu> 0.4MPa, amandla okuqina okuqina afanelekile kwaye adibana nomgangatho we-"Plastering Gypsum" GB/T2827.2012. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqwalasela ukuba umxholo we-cellulose ether yi-0.10% ye-intshi ye-B, amandla awahambelani neemfuno, ngoko umxholo we-cellulose uzimisele ukuba ngu-0.15% wexabiso elipheleleyo lodaka.

3. Isiphelo

(1) Izinga logcino lwamanzi elilinganiswe ngephepha lokucoca indlela yokufunxa amanzi (2) alinako ukuvula umahluko ekusebenzeni kunye nethamo le-arhente yokugcina amanzi, engabancediyo kuvavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye nesigwebo somgangatho wogcino lwamanzi. gypsum udaka lwezorhwebo. Indlela yokufunxa i-vacuum inokwahlula ngokufanelekileyo ukugcinwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo kodaka, kwaye ayichatshazelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwidaka. Nangona iziphumo zovavanyo lwephepha lokucoca indlela yokufunxa amanzi (1) zichatshazelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kodaka, ngenxa yamanyathelo alula okulinga, ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka kunokuthelekiswa phantsi kwefomula efanayo.

(2) Ukunyuka kumxholo we-cellulose ether kuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-gypsum mortar.

(3) Ukufakwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose kunciphisa amandla oxinzelelo lomdaka kunye nokuphucula amandla okudibanisa kunye ne-substrate. I-ether ye-cellulose inempembelelo encinci kumandla we-flexural yodaka, ngoko ke umlinganiselo wokugoqa wodaka uyancitshiswa.