Udaka oluxubeneyo oluxutywe ludibaniso lwezixhobo zesamente (i-samente, i-fly ash, i-slag powder, njl.), i-aggregates ekhethekileyo ye-fine aggregates (isanti ye-quartz, i-corundum, njl., kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ifuna i-Granules ekhanyayo, i-perlite eyandisiweyo, i-vermiculite eyandisiweyo, njl. ) kunye ne-admixtures ixutywe ngokulinganayo kumlinganiselo othile, kwaye emva koko ifakwe kwiingxowa, imigqomo okanye inikezelwe ngobuninzi kwimo eyomileyo yomgubo njengento yokwakha.
Ngokutsho kwesicelo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zodaka lwezorhwebo, olufana nodaka olomileyo lwe-masonry, udaka olomileyo lwe-powder yokutyabeka, udaka olulomileyo lwe-powder emhlabeni, udaka olukhethekileyo olulomileyo lomgubo wokukhusela amanzi, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nezinye iinjongo. Ukushwankathela, udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo lunokwahlulwa lube ngudaka oluqhelekileyo oluxubeneyo olomileyo (i-masonry, ukutyabeka kunye nodaka oluxutywe nomhlaba owomileyo) kunye nodaka olukhethekileyo oluxubeneyo. Udaka olukhethekileyo oluxubeneyo oluxubeneyo lubandakanya: i-self-leveling floor mortar, i-wear-resistant floor material, i-non-fire wear-resistant floor, i-inorganic caulking agent, udaka olungangeni manzi, i-resin plastering mortar, izinto zokukhusela umphezulu wekhonkrithi, udaka lokutyabeka olunemibala, njl.
Iidaka ezininzi ezinomxube owomileyo zifuna imixube yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zesenzo ekufuneka zenziwe ngenani elikhulu lovavanyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nemixube yekonkrithi yemveli, imixube yodaka eyomileyo exutyiweyo ingasetyenziswa kuphela kwifom yomgubo, kwaye okwesibini, inyibilika emanzini abandayo, okanye inyibilike ngokuthe ngcembe phantsi kwesenzo sealkalini ukuze isebenzise isiphumo sayo esifanelekileyo.
1. I-Thickener, i-agent yokugcina amanzi kunye ne-stabilizer Udaka oluqhelekileyo olulungiselelwe nge-samente, i-inert okanye i-mineral admixture esebenzayo, kunye ne-fine aggregate, iintsilelo zayo eziphambili kukubumbana okungahambi kakuhle, ukuzinza okubi, ukopha okulula, ukuhlukana, ukuzithoba, ukwakhiwa okunzima, emva kokwakhiwa, Amandla okudibanisa asezantsi, kulula ukuqhekeka, abuthathaka amanzi, ukuqina okungahambi kakuhle, njl., kufuneka aguqulwe kunye nezongezo ezifanelekileyo. Ngokumalunga nokuphucula ukubambisana, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuzinza kodaka, izongezo ezinokuthi zikhethwe ziquka i-cellulose ether, i-starch ether eguqulwayo, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-polyacrylamide kunye ne-powder thickening.
I-cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (PMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) zonke zenziwe ngezinto ze-polymer zendalo (ezifana nekotoni, njl.) I-ether ye-cellulose engekho i-ionic eveliswa ngonyango lwamachiza. Zibonakaliswa ngokunyibilika kwamanzi abandayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukubambisana, ukubunjwa kwefilimu, i-lubricity, i-non-ionic kunye nokuzinza kwe-pH. Ukunyibilika kwamanzi abandayo kolu hlobo lwemveliso kuphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kuyaphuculwa, ipropathi engqingqwa iyabonakala, ububanzi bamaqamza omoya aziswayo buncinci, kwaye isiphumo sokuphucula amandla okubopha udaka. iphuculwe kakhulu.
I-ether ye-cellulose ayinayo kuphela iindidi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa inoluhlu olubanzi lwe-molecular weight and viscosity ukusuka kwi-5mPa. s ukuya kwi-200,000 mPa. s, impembelelo ekusebenzeni kodaka kwinqanaba elitsha kwaye emva kokuqina kwakhona kuyahluka. Inani elikhulu leemvavanyo kufuneka liqhutywe xa ukhetha ukhetho oluthile. Khetha iindidi ze-cellulose kunye ne-viscosity efanelekileyo kunye noluhlu lwe-molecular weight, i-dosage encinci, kwaye akukho propati yokungenisa umoya. Kuphela ngale ndlela inokufumaneka ngokukhawuleza. Ukusebenza okufanelekileyo kobugcisa, kodwa kunoqoqosho oluhle.
Isitatshi se-etere yi-etere eyenziwe ngokusabela kwamaqela e-hydroxyl kwiimolekyuli ze-starch isitashi ezineejenti zeekhemikhali, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-starch ether okanye i-etherified starch. Iindidi eziphambili ze-ethers zesitatshi ezilungisiweyo zezi: isitashi se-sodium carboxymethyl (CMS), i-hydrocarbon alkyl starch (HES), i-hydrocarbon propyl ethyl starch (HPS), isitashi se-cyanoethyl, njl. , isigqubuthelo, ukwakhiwa, ubungakanani, ukusasazwa kunye nokuzinzisa, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumayeza, ukutya, amalaphu, ukwenza iphepha, imichiza yemihla ngemihla kunye nepetroleum kunye namanye amasebe.
Okwangoku, ithemba le-ether ye-starch efakwe kwi-powder mortar eyomileyo nayo iyathembisa kakhulu. Ezona zizathu zingundoqo zezi: ① Ixabiso le-ether yesitatshi liphantsi, kuphela yi-1/3 ukuya kwi-1/4 ye-ether yeselulosi; ② Isitatshi seetere esixutywe kudaka nayo iyakuphucula i-viscosity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, uzinzo kunye nokomelela kodaka; ③ I-ether yesitatshi inokudityaniswa ne-ether yeselulosi nakweyiphi na indawo, ukuze kuphuculwe ngcono isiphumo sokuchasa ukuthotywa kodaka. Kwezinye iimveliso zodaka, ezifana nodonga lwe-ceramic kunye ne-adhesives ye-tile yomgangatho, ii-agent zonyango ze-interface, i-caulking agents kunye nee-mortar eziqhelekileyo zorhwebo, i-starch ether isetyenziswa njenge-agent engundoqo kunye nokugcina amanzi kunye nokuzinzisa. Kodwa ngokujonga abavelisi besitatshi be-ether kwilizwe lam, uninzi lwabo luhlala kuphela kunikezelo lweemveliso eziphambili, kwaye bambalwa abavelisi abavelisa kwaye babonelele nge-ether yesitatshi elungisiweyo ukuhlangabezana nenxalenye yemfuno yabenzi bodaka.
Udaka oluqiniweyo Umgubo ongqindilili yimveliso entsha ephuhliswe ukuziqhelanisa nokuveliswa komgubo oqhelekileyo owomileyo (osele uxutywe) udaka. Ubukhulu becala iqulunqwe ngeeminerali ze-inorganic kunye ne-organic polymer materials, kwaye ayinayo i-lime kunye ne-air-entrained components. Idosi yayo imalunga ne-5% ukuya kwi-20% yobunzima besamente. Okwangoku, kwimveliso yodaka oluqhelekileyo lwempahla e-Shanghai, i-powder thickening isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengento yokuqina, ukugcina amanzi kunye nokuzinzisa, kwaye umphumo uyamangalisa.
Utywala bePolyvinyl kunye ne-polyacrylamide nabo banoluhlu olubanzi lwe-viscosity, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha isixa sokungenisa umoya sikhulu, okanye imfuno yamanzi yodaka inyuka kakhulu emva kokuxutywa, ngoko kufuneka kusetyenziswe inani elikhulu lovavanyo lokukhetha.
2. Umsebenzi oyintloko we-latex powder thickener owenziwe ngokutsha kukuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuzinza kodaka. Nangona inokuthintela udaka ekuqhekekeni (uthoba isantya somphunga wamanzi) ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, alusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuphucula ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kodaka. kunye neendlela zokungangeni manzi.
Isenzo sokongeza iipolymers ukuphucula ukunganyameki, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo yodaka kunye nekhonkrithi kuye kwaqatshelwa. I-emulsions ye-polymer esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuguqulwa kodaka lwesamente kunye nekhonkrithi yesamente ibandakanya: i-emulsion yerabha ye-neoprene, i-emulsion yerabha ye-styrene-butadiene, i-polyacrylate latex, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-emulsion ye-rubber ye-chlorine, i-polyvinyl acetate, njl. Ngophuhliso lophando lwezenzululwazi, kungekhona nje kuphela iziphumo zokuguqulwa kweepolymers ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphononongwa nzulu, kodwa kunye nendlela yokuguqula, indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kweepolymers kunye nesamente, kunye neemveliso ze-cement hydration nazo zifundisiwe ngokwethiyori. Uhlalutyo olunzulu ngakumbi kunye nophando, kunye nenani elikhulu leziphumo zophando lwezenzululwazi ziye zavela.
I-emulsion ye-polymer ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kodaka oluxutywe ngokulungeleyo, kodwa ngokucacileyo akunakwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo ekuveliseni udaka lwepowder eyomileyo, ngoko ke yazalwa i-latex powder. Okwangoku, i-latex powder ekwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwi-powder yodaka eyomileyo ibandakanya: ① i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② i-vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC / VeoVa); ③ i-acrylate homopolymer ( Acrylate); ④ i-vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) i-styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), njl. Phakathi kwabo, i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer inomlinganiselo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa.
Ukuziqhelanisa kuye kwabonisa ukuba ukusebenza kwe-latex powder e-redispersible izinzile, kwaye ineempembelelo ezingenakulinganiswa ekuphuculeni amandla okubopha udaka, ukuphucula ukuqina kwayo, ukuguqulwa, ukuchasana nokuqhekeka kunye nokungangeni, njl njl. Ukongeza i-hydrophobic latex powder copolymerized by polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride , i-ethylene, i-vinyl laurate, njl.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokuphucula amandla e-flexural kunye namandla okudibanisa udaka kunye nokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwayo, umphumo we-latex powder owenziwe ngokutsha ekuphuculeni ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka kunye nokuphucula ukudibanisa kwayo kulinganiselwe. Ekubeni ukongezwa kwe-latex powder ehlaziywayo kunokusabalalisa kwaye kubangele ubuninzi be-air-entrainment kumxube wodaka, umphumo walo wokunciphisa amanzi ubonakala kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngenxa yesakhiwo esibi se-bubbles emoyeni esaziswayo, umphumo wokunciphisa amanzi awuzange uphucule amandla. Ngokuchasene noko, amandla omdaka aya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka kwe-latex powder content content. Ngoko ke, ekuphuhlisweni kwamanye ama-mortars adinga ukuqwalasela amandla okunyamezela kunye nokuguquguquka, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukongeza i-defoamer ngexesha elifanayo ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo engalunganga ye-latex powder kumandla oxinzelelo kunye namandla aguquguqukayo omdaka. .
3. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-cellulose, i-starch ether kunye ne-polymer materials, i-defoamer ngokungangabazeki yandisa ipropati yokungenisa umoya kwi-mortar. Kwelinye icala, ichaphazela amandla acinezelayo, amandla aguquguqukayo kunye namandla okubopha udaka, kwaye inciphisa imodyuli yayo elastiki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nayo inempembelelo enkulu ekubonakaleni kodaka, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukuphelisa amaqamza omoya afakwe kwi-mortar. Okwangoku, i-defoamers eyomileyo ephuma kumazwe angaphandle isetyenziswa kakhulu e-China ukuxazulula le ngxaki, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu yodaka lwempahla, ukupheliswa kweebhubhu zomoya akuyona into elula kakhulu.
4. I-Anti-sagging agent Xa uncamathelisa iithayile ze-ceramic, iibhodi ze-polystyrene ezinogwebu, kunye nokusebenzisa irabha yomgubo wepolystyrene udaka lwesuntswana lokugquma, eyona ngxaki inkulu ejongene nayo kukuwa. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba ukongeza isitashi se-ether, i-sodium bentonite, i-metakaolin kunye ne-montmorillonite ngumlinganiselo osebenzayo wokusombulula ingxaki yokuwa kodaka emva kokwakhiwa. Isisombululo esiphambili kwingxaki yokuqhaqha kukunyusa uxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-shear lodaka, oko kukuthi, ukwandisa i-thixotropy yayo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, akulula ukukhetha i-agent anti-sagging enhle, kuba idinga ukusombulula ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-thixotropy, ukusebenza, i-viscosity kunye nemfuno yamanzi.
5. I-Agent egxotha amanzi Umsebenzi ongenamanzi okanye ogxotha amanzi wodaka lokutyabeka, i-agent ye-tile caulking, i-decorative color color and dry-mixed mortar esetyenziselwa udonga lwangaphandle lwenkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-plastering ebhityileyo iyimfuneko, efuna ukongezwa kwePowdered. egxotha amanzi, kodwa kufuneka ibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo: ① yenza udaka lwehydrophobic lulonke kwaye lugcine isiphumo sexesha elide; ② ayinayo impembelelo embi kumandla okudibanisa umphezulu; ③ ezinye izinto ezigxotha amanzi ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kwimarike, ezifana neCalcium fatty acid ayisiyonto ifanelekileyo yokudibanisa ihydrophobic yodaka oluxutyiweyo, ngakumbi kwizinto zokutyabeka kumatshini wokwakha, kuba kunzima ukuxuba ngokukhawuleza nangokufanayo nodaka lwesamente.
Kutshanje kuphuhliswe i-silane-based powder-powder egxotha amanzi, eyimveliso esekwe ngumgubo we-silane efunyenwe ngokutshiza i-silane-coated colloids ekhuselayo enyibilikayo ngamanzi kunye ne-anti-caking agents. Xa udaka luxutywe namanzi, igobolondo ye-colloid ekhuselayo ye-agent egxotha amanzi ichithwa ngokukhawuleza emanzini, kwaye ikhuphe i-silane edibeneyo ukuze iphinde iyisasaze emanzini adibeneyo. Kwimekobume enealkaline kakhulu emva kokumiswa kwesamente, amaqela asebenzayo e-hydrophilic organic kwi-silane afakwa nge-hydrolyzed ukuze enze amaqela e-silanol asebenzayo kakhulu, kwaye amaqela e-silanol ayaqhubeka nokusabela ngendlela engaguqukiyo kunye namaqela e-hydroxyl kwiimveliso ze-samente ze-hydration ukwenza iibhondi zeekhemikhali, ukuze i-silane edibeneyo ngokudibanisa i-cross-linking igxininiswe ngokuqinileyo kumphezulu wodonga lwe-pore lodaka lwesamente. Njengoko amaqela asebenzayo e-hydrophobic eziphilayo ejongene nomphandle wodonga lwama-pore, umphezulu we-pores ufumana i-hydrophobicity, ngaloo ndlela izisa umphumo we-hydrophobic jikelele kumdaka.
6. I-Pantherine Inhibitor I-Pantherine iya kuchaphazela i-aesthetics ye-cement-based-decorative mortar, eyingxaki eqhelekileyo efuna ukusonjululwa. Ngokweengxelo, i-resin-based based anti-pantherine additive iye yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo kutshanje, eyimpuphu ephindwe kabini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuvuselela. Le mveliso ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwiingubo zokunceda, ii-putty, ii-caulks okanye ukugqiba ukwakheka kodaka kwaye ihambelana kakuhle nezinye izongezo.
7. IFayibha Ukongeza isixa esifanelekileyo sefayibha kudaka kunokonyusa amandla okuqina, kuphucule ukuqina kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa kokuqhekeka. Okwangoku, iintsinga zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali kunye neentsinga zokhuni ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kudaka oluxubeneyo elomileyo. Iifayibha zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali, ezifana ne-polypropylene staple fiber, i-polypropylene staple fiber, njl. Emva kokuguqulwa kwendawo, le micu ayinayo kuphela i-dispersibility enhle, kodwa inomxholo ophantsi, onokuthi uphucule ngokufanelekileyo ukuxhatshazwa kweplastiki kunye nokusebenza kokuqhekeka kodaka. Iimpawu zoomatshini azichaphazeleki kakhulu. Ububanzi be-fiber yomthi buncinci, kwaye ukongezwa kwe-fiber yomthi kufuneka kuhlawule ingqalelo ekwandeni kwemfuno yamanzi yodaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-04-2023