Nonionic cellulose ether kwi polymer isamente

Njengesongezo esiyimfuneko kwisamente yepolymer, i-nonionic cellulose ether ifumene ingqalelo ebanzi kunye nophando. Ngokusekelwe kuncwadi olufanelekileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, umthetho kunye nomgaqo we-non-ionic cellulose ether udaka lwesamente olutshintshiweyo lwaxutyushwa kwiinkalo zeentlobo kunye nokukhethwa kwe-non-ionic cellulose ether, umphumo walo kwiipropati ezibonakalayo ze-polymer sement, impembelelo yayo kwi-micromorphology kunye neempawu zoomatshini, kunye neentsilelo zophando lwangoku zibekwe phambili. Lo msebenzi uya kukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwi-polymer samente.

Amagama angundoqo: i-nonionic cellulose ether, i-samente ye-polymer, iipropati zomzimba, iipropati zomatshini, i-microstructure

1. Isishwankathelo

Ngokunyuka kweemfuno kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwesamente ye-polymer kushishino lokwakha, ukongeza izongezo ekuguqulweni kwayo kuye kwaba yindawo yophando, phakathi kwayo, i-cellulose ether isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yempembelelo yayo yokugcina amanzi e-samente, ukutyeba, ukuhoxisa, umoya. kwaye nangokunjalo. Kulo phepha, iintlobo ze-cellulose ether, iimpembelelo kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nezobugcisa ze-polymer sement kunye ne-micromorphology ye-samente ye-polymer zichazwe, ezibonelela ngenkcazo yenkcazo yokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwi-polymer sement.

2. Iindidi ze-nonionic cellulose ether

I-ether ye-cellulose luhlobo lwe-polymer compound kunye nesakhiwo se-ether esenziwe kwi-cellulose. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-cellulose ether, enempembelelo enkulu kwiipropati zezinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente kwaye kunzima ukukhetha. Ngokokwakheka kweekhemikhali zabatshintshi, zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-anionic, cationic kunye ne-nonionic ethers. I-ether ye-cellulose ye-nonionic ene-side chain substituent ye-H, cH3, c2H5, (cH2cH20)nH, [cH2cH(cH3)0]nH kunye namanye amaqela angadibanisiyo asetyenziswa kakhulu kwisamente, abameli abaqhelekileyo yi-methyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxypropyl methyl i-cellulose ether, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether njalo njalo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-ether ze-cellulose zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwixesha lokubeka isamente. Ngokweengxelo zoncwadi zangaphambili, i-HEC inamandla amakhulu okunciphisa i-samente, ilandelwa yi-HPMc kunye ne-HEMc, kwaye uMc unobubi kakhulu. Kuhlobo olufanayo lwe-cellulose ether, ubunzima bemolekyuli okanye i-viscosity, i-methyl, i-hydroxyethyl, umxholo we-hydroxypropyl kula maqela ahlukeneyo, umphumo wayo wokubuyisela kwakhona uhlukile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-viscosity enkulu kwaye iphezulu umxholo wamaqela angenakuqhawulwa, ngakumbi amandla okulibaziseka. Ngoko ke, kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ngokwenene, ngokweemfuno ze-coagulation yodaka lwezorhwebo, umxholo weqela elisebenzayo elisebenzayo le-cellulose ether linokukhethwa. Okanye kwimveliso ye-cellulose ether ngexesha elifanayo, lungisa umxholo wamaqela asebenzayo, wenze ukuba uhlangabezane neemfuno zodaka oluhlukeneyo.

3,impembelelo ye-nonionic cellulose ether kwiipropati ezibonakalayo ze-polymer sement

3.1 Ukuqina okucothayo

Ukuze kwandiswe ixesha hydration ukuqina kwesamente, ukuze udaka esanda exutyiweyo ixesha elide ukuhlala iplastiki, ukuze ukulungelelanisa ixesha elimisiweyo lodaka esanda kuxutywa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukongeza retarder eludaka, non- I-ionic cellulose ether ifanelekile kwisamente yepolymer yiretarder eqhelekileyo.

Isiphumo sokunciphisa i-nonionic cellulose ether kwi-samente ichaphazeleka kakhulu luhlobo lwayo, i-viscosity, i-dosage, ukubunjwa okuhlukeneyo kweeminerali zesamente kunye nezinye izinto. Pourchez J et al. ibonise ukuba iqondo eliphezulu le-cellulose ether methylation, libi kakhulu umphumo wokunciphisa, ngelixa ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-cellulose ether kunye nomxholo we-hydroxypropoxy waba nefuthe elibuthathaka ekubambeni kwe-cement hydration. Ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity kunye ne-doping ye-ether ye-non-ionic cellulose, umaleko we-adsorption kumphezulu wamasuntswana e-samente uqina, kwaye ixesha lokuqala kunye nelokugqibela lokumisela i-samente liyandiswa, kwaye umphumo wokunciphisa ubonakala ngakumbi. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukukhutshwa kobushushu bokuqala be-sement slurries kunye nomxholo ohlukeneyo we-HEMC malunga ne-15% ephantsi kune-slurries ecocekileyo ye-cement, kodwa akukho mmahluko obalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokugqithiswa kwexesha. Singh NK et al. ibonise ukuba ngokunyuka kwe-HEc ye-doping ye-doping, ukukhutshwa kobushushu be-hydration yodaka lwe-samente olulungisiweyo lubonise umkhwa wokunyuka kokuqala kunye nokunciphisa, kunye nomxholo we-HEC xa ufikelela ukukhululwa kobushushu be-hydration kuhambelana nobudala bokunyanga.

Ukongezelela, kufunyenwe ukuba umphumo wokunciphisa i-nonionic cellulose ether ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokubunjwa kwesamente. Peschard et al. ufumanise ukuba ukuncipha komxholo we-tricalcium aluminate (C3A) kwisamente, kokukhona kucace ngakumbi isiphumo sokubuyiswa kwe-cellulose ether. schmitz L et al. bakholelwa ukuba oku kubangelwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose ether kwi-hydration kinetics ye-tricalcium silicate (C3S) kunye ne-tricalcium aluminate (C3A). I-ether ye-cellulose inokunciphisa izinga lokuphendula kwixesha lokukhawuleza kwe-C3S, ngelixa i-C3A, inokwandisa ixesha lokungeniswa, kwaye ekugqibeleni ilibazise ukuqiniswa kunye nokuqina kwenkqubo yodaka.

Kukho iimbono ezahlukeneyo kwindlela ye-non-ionic cellulose ether yokulibazisa i-cement hydration. USilva et al. U-Liu wayekholelwa ukuba ukuqaliswa kwe-cellulose ether kuya kubangela ukuba i-viscosity yesisombululo se-pore inyuke, ngaloo ndlela ithintele ukuhamba kweeyoni kunye nokulibazisa ukudibanisa. Nangona kunjalo, uPourchez et al. wayekholelwa ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obucacileyo phakathi kokulibaziseka kwe-cellulose ether kwi-samente hydration kunye ne-viscosity ye-samente slurry. Enye ithiyori yeyokuba isiphumo esibambekayo se-cellulose ether sinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuthotywa kwealkali. Iipolysaccharides zithande ukuthotywa ngokulula ukuvelisa i-hydroxyl carboxylic acid enokulibazisa ukuhanjiswa kwesamente phantsi kweemeko zealkaline. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumene ukuba i-cellulose ether izinzile kakhulu phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline kwaye iyancipha kuphela, kwaye ukuchithwa kunempembelelo encinci ekulibazisekeni kwe-samente hydration. Okwangoku, imbono engaguqukiyo kukuba isiphumo sokubuyiswa sibangelwa ikakhulu yi-adsorption. Ngokukodwa, iqela le-hydroxyl kwi-molecular surface ye-cellulose ether i-acidic, i-ca (0H) kwinkqubo ye-samente ye-hydration, kunye nezinye izigaba zamaminerali ziyi-alkaline. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-synergistic ye-hydrogen bonding, i-complexing kunye ne-hydrophobic, i-acidic cellulose ether iimolekyuli ziya kubhengezwa kumphezulu we-alkaline samente kunye neemveliso ze-hydration. Ukongeza, ifilimu ebhityileyo yenziwa kumphezulu wayo, ethintela ukukhula okuthe kratya kwezi zimbiwa ze-crystal nuclei kunye nokulibaziseka kwe-hydration kunye nokumiswa kwesamente. Ukuqina komthamo we-adsorption phakathi kweemveliso zesamente kunye ne-cellulose ether, kokukhona kucaca ngakumbi ukulibaziseka kwesamente. Kwelinye icala, ubungakanani bezithintelo zesteric budlala indima eqinisekileyo kumthamo we-adsorption, njengesithintelo esincinci se-hydroxyl yeqela, i-acidity eyomeleleyo, i-adsorption nayo yomelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthamo we-adsorption uxhomekeke ekubunjweni kweemveliso ze-hydration zesamente. Pourchez et al. wafumanisa ukuba i-cellulose ether ibhengezwa ngokulula kumphezulu weemveliso ze-hydration ezifana ne-ca (0H) 2, i-gel ye-csH kunye ne-calcium aluminate hydrate, kodwa akulula ukuba ibhengezwe nge-ettringite kunye nesigaba esingenamanzi. Uphononongo luka-Mullert lubonise ukuba i-cellulose ether yayine-adsorption enamandla kwi-c3 kunye nemveliso yayo ye-hydration, ngoko ke i-hydration yesigaba se-silicate yalibaziseka kakhulu. I-adsorption ye-ettringite yayiphantsi, kodwa ukubunjwa kwe-ettringite kwabambezeleka kakhulu. Oku kwakungenxa yokuba ukulibaziseka ekubunjweni kwe-ettringite kwachatshazelwa yi-ca2 + ibhalansi kwisisombululo, okwakuqhubeka nokulibaziseka kwe-cellulose ether kwi-silicate hydration.

3.2 Ukugcinwa kwamanzi

Esinye isiphumo esibalulekileyo sokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether kudaka lwesamente kukuvela njenge-arhente yokugcina amanzi, enokuthintela ukufuma kudaka olumanzi ukuba uphuphe ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ukufunxwa sisiseko, kwaye ulibazise ukuchithwa kwesamente ngelixa ukwandisa ixesha lokusebenza. Udaka olumanzi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba udaka olubhityileyo lunokukanywa, udaka olutyatyekiweyo lunokwandiswa, kwaye kulula ukufunxa udaka aludingi ukuba lumanzi kwangaphambili.

Umthamo wokubamba amanzi we-cellulose ether uhambelana ngokusondeleyo ne-viscosity yayo, i-dosage, uhlobo kunye nobushushu be-ambient. Ezinye iimeko ziyafana, i-viscosity enkulu ye-ether ye-cellulose, ingcono isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi, isixa esincinci se-cellulose ether singenza izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar liphuculwe kakhulu; Kwi-ether ye-cellulose efanayo, iphezulu imali eyongeziweyo, iphezulu izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka olulungisiweyo, kodwa kukho ixabiso elifanelekileyo, ngaphaya apho izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi linyuka ngokucothayo. Kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose ether, kukwakho iyantlukwano ekugcinweni kwamanzi, njenge-HPMc phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo kunogcino lwamanzi olungcono lweMc. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuncipha ngokunyuka kobushushu be-ambient.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba isizathu sokuba i-ether cellulose inomsebenzi wokugcinwa kwamanzi ikakhulu ngenxa ye-0H kwimolekyuli kunye ne-athomu ye-0 kwi-ether bond iya kunxulunyaniswa neemolekyuli zamanzi ukudibanisa i-hydrogen bond, ukuze amanzi akhululekile abophe. amanzi, ukuze adlale indima efanelekileyo yokugcina amanzi; Kwakhona kukholelwa ukuba i-cellulose ether macromolecular chain idlala indima ethintelayo ekusasazeni iamolekyu zamanzi, ukuze kulawulwe ngokufanelekileyo ukukhuphuka kwamanzi, ukufezekisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu; U-Pourchez J wathi i-cellulose ether iphumelele umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokuphucula iimpawu ze-rheological ze-slurry ye-cement esanda kuxutywa, isakhiwo sothungelwano lwe-porous kunye nokwakhiwa kwefilimu ye-cellulose ether eyathintela ukusasazwa kwamanzi. ULaetitia P et al. kwakhona bakholelwa ukuba ipropathi rheological yodaka yeyona nto iphambili, kodwa bakholelwa kwakhona ukuba viscosity ayisiyiyo kuphela into emisela ukugcinwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo ukusebenza kodaka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nangona i-ether ye-cellulose inokusebenza kakuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi, kodwa ukufunxwa kwamanzi odaka lwesamente eguquliweyo kuya kuncitshiswa, isizathu kukuba i-cellulose ether kwifilimu yodaka, kunye nodaka inani elikhulu lee-pores ezincinci ezivaliweyo, ezivimbelayo. udaka ngaphakathi kwe-capillary.

3.3 Ukujiya

Ukuhambelana kodaka yenye yezalathisi ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwayo. I-ether ye-cellulose idla ngokuziswa ukwandisa ukuhambelana. "Ukungaguquguquki" kubonisa amandla odaka olutsha oluxutyiweyo ukuba luqukuqele kwaye lukhubazeke phantsi kwesenzo somxhuzulane okanye amandla angaphandle. Iimpawu ezimbini zokuqina kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi ziyancedisana. Ukongeza isixa esifanelekileyo se-ether ye-cellulose ayinakuphucula kuphela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kudaka, ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa okugudileyo, kodwa kwandise ukuhambelana kodaka, kwandisa kakhulu amandla okulwa nokuchithwa kwesamente, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwebhondi phakathi kodaka kunye ne-matrix, kwaye ukunciphisa isenzeko sodaka lodaka.

Isiphumo sokutyeba se-cellulose ether ikakhulu sivela kwi-viscosity yayo, i-viscosity enkulu, ngcono isiphumo sokuqina, kodwa ukuba i-viscosity inkulu kakhulu, iya kunciphisa umbane wodaka, ochaphazela ukwakhiwa. Izinto ezichaphazela ukuguqulwa kwe-viscosity, ezifana ne-molecular weight (okanye i-degree of polymerization) kunye nokuxinwa kwe-cellulose ether, ukushisa kwesisombululo, izinga le-shear, liya kuchaphazela umphumo wokugqibela wokuqina.

Indlela yokujiya ye-cellulose ether ivela ikakhulu kwi-hydration kunye nokuphonswa phakathi kweemolekyuli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhonkco le-polymer ye-cellulose ether kulula ukwenza i-hydrogen bond ngamanzi emanzini, ibhondi ye-hydrogen yenza ukuba ibe ne-hydration ephezulu; Kwelinye icala, xa i-ether cellulose yongezwa kudaka, iya kutsala amanzi amaninzi, ukuze umthamo wayo wande kakhulu, unciphise indawo ekhululekileyo yamasuntswana, kwangaxeshanye i-cellulose ether imixokelelwane yemolekyuli idibanisana. ukwenza ulwakhiwo womnatha-ntathu-ntathu, amasuntswana udaka zingqongwe apho, hayi ukuhamba free. Ngamanye amazwi, phantsi kwezi zenzo zimbini, i-viscosity yenkqubo iphuculwe, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa umphumo ofunekayo wokuqina.

4. Impembelelo ye-nonionic cellulose ether kwi-morphology kunye nesakhiwo se-pore ye-polymer sement

Njengoko kunokubonwa ngasentla, i-non-ionic cellulose ether idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-polymer samente, kwaye ukongezwa kwayo ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuchaphazela i-microstructure yodaka lwesamente yonke. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-non-ionic cellulose ether idla ngokunyusa i-porosity ye-cement mortar, kunye nenani le-pores ngobukhulu be-3nm ~ 350um ukwanda, phakathi kwenani le-pores kuluhlu lwe-100nm ~ 500nm landa kakhulu. Impembelelo kwisakhiwo se-pore sodaka lwe-samente ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nohlobo kunye ne-viscosity ye-non-ionic cellulose ether eyongeziweyo. Ou Zhihua et al. wayekholelwa ukuba xa i-viscosity ifana, i-porosity ye-cement mortar eguqulelwe yi-HEC incinci kune-HPMc kunye ne-Mc eyongeziweyo njenge-modifiers. Kwi-ether ye-cellulose efanayo, i-viscosity encinci, encinci i-porosity yodaka lwesamente olulungisiweyo. Ngokufunda umphumo we-HPMc kwindawo yokuvula ibhodi yokufakelwa kwesamente enegwebu, uWang Yanru et al. yafumanisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HPMC ayitshintshi kakhulu i-porosity, kodwa inokunciphisa kakhulu i-aperture. Nangona kunjalo, uZhang Guolian et al. bafumanisa ukuba umxholo omkhulu we-HEMc, impembelelo ecacileyo kwisakhiwo se-pore ye-cement slurry. Ukongezwa kwe-HEMc kunokunyusa kakhulu i-porosity, umthamo opheleleyo we-pore kunye ne-avareji ye-pore radius ye-sement slurry, kodwa indawo ethile yendawo ye-pore iyancipha, kwaye inani leepores ezinkulu ze-capillary ezinkulu kune-50nm ububanzi zinyuka kakhulu, kwaye iipores ezifakiweyo. ikakhulu iipores ezivaliweyo.

Umphumo we-nonionic cellulose ether kwinkqubo yokuqulunqwa kwesakhiwo se-sement slurry pore yahlaziywa. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose ikakhulu kwatshintsha iipropati zesigaba solwelo. Kwelinye icala, ukunyanzeliswa kwesigaba solwelo kumphezulu kuncipha, kwenze kube lula ukwenza amaqamza kudaka lwesamente, kwaye kuya kucothisa inqanaba lolwelo lokuhambisa amanzi kunye nokusasazwa kweqamza, ukuze amaqamza amancinci abe nzima ukuqokelela abe ngamaqamza amakhulu kwaye akhuphe, ngoko ke i-voidage. iyanda kakhulu; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-viscosity yesigaba se-liquid iyanda, ephinda ivimbele amanzi, ukusasazwa kwe-bubble kunye nokudibanisa i-bubble, kunye nokuphucula ukukwazi ukuzinzisa amaqamza. Ke ngoko, imowudi yempembelelo ye-cellulose ether kubungakanani bepore yokuhanjiswa kodaka lwesamente inokufumaneka: kuluhlu lobungakanani bepore obungaphezulu kwe-100nm, amaqamu angangeniswa ngokunciphisa ukuxinana komphezulu wesigaba solwelo, kwaye ukusasazwa kweqamu kunokuthintelwa. ukwandisa i-viscosity yolwelo; kummandla we-30nm ~ 60nm, inani le-pores kummandla unokuchaphazeleka ngokuthintela ukudibanisa kwamaqamza amancinci.

5. Impembelelo ye-nonionic cellulose ether kwiipropati zemishini ye-polymer sement

Iimpawu zomatshini zesamente yepolymer zihambelana ngokusondeleyo ne-morphology yayo. Ngokudityaniswa kwe-ether ye-cellulose e-nonionic, i-porosity iyanda, ebopheleleke ukuba ibe nefuthe elibi kumandla ayo, ngakumbi amandla okunyamezela kunye namandla aguquguqukayo. Ukunciphisa amandla oxinzelelo lwe-samente yodaka kukhulu kakhulu kunamandla aguquguqukayo. Ou Zhihua et al. wafunda impembelelo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ether ye-cellulose engeyiyo i-ionic kwiipropati ze-mechanical ze-cement mortar, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba amandla e-cellulose ether eguqulelwe udaka lwesamente yayingaphantsi kunodaka lwesamente ecocekileyo, kwaye amandla aphantsi oxinzelelo lwe-28d kuphela yi-44.3% yoludaka lwesamente olunyulu. Amandla okuxinzelela kunye namandla okuguquguquka kwe-HPMc, i-HEMC kunye ne-MC i-cellulose ether eguqulwayo iyafana, ngelixa amandla okunyamezela kunye nokuqina okuguquguqukayo kwe-HEc eguqulelwe kwi-cement slurry kwixesha ngalinye liphezulu kakhulu. Oku kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo ne-viscosity yabo okanye ubunzima be-molecular, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity okanye ubunzima be-molecular ye-cellulose ether, okanye umsebenzi omkhulu womphezulu, ukuthoba amandla odaka lwayo lwesamente olulungisiweyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukwabonisiwe ukuba i-nonionic cellulose ether inokunyusa amandla okuqina, ukuguquguquka kunye nokuhambelana kodaka lwesamente. UHuang Liangen et al. wafumanisa ukuba, ngokuchasene nomthetho wokutshintsha wamandla oxinzelelo, amandla okucheba kunye namandla okuqina odaka anyuka ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether kwi-samente yodaka. Uhlalutyo lwesizathu, emva kokongezwa kwe-cellulose ether, kunye ne-polymer emulsion kunye ukwenza inani elikhulu lefilimu yepolymer eshinyeneyo, iphucula kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwe-slurry, kunye neemveliso ze-cement hydration, i-samente engenamanzi, iifayili kunye nezinye izinto ezizaliswe kule filimu. , ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kokuqina kwenkqubo yokwambathisa.

Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwe-non-ionic cellulose ether i-polymer yesamente eguqulweyo, iphucula iipropati ezibonakalayo zodaka lwesamente ngaxeshanye, ayinciphisi kakhulu iipropati zayo zokwenza izinto, into eqhelekileyo kukutshatisa i-cellulose ether kunye nezinye izixube, zongezwa udaka lwesamente. U-Li Tao-wen et al. bafumanise ukuba udibaniso oludityanisiweyo lwenziwe nge-cellulose ether kunye ne-polymer glue powder aluphuculanga nje kancinane amandla okugoba kunye namandla acinezelayo odaka, ukuze ubumbano kunye ne-viscosity yodaka lwesamente lufaneleke ngakumbi kulwakhiwo lokugquma, kodwa luphucule kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi. umthamo wodaka xa kuthelekiswa ne-ether yeselulosi enye. Xu Qi et al. i-slag powder eyongeziweyo, i-agent yokunciphisa amanzi kunye ne-HEMc, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba i-agent yokunciphisa amanzi kunye ne-powder yamaminerali inokunyusa ubuninzi bomdaka, ukunciphisa inani lemingxuma, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe amandla kunye ne-elastic modulus yomdaka. I-HEMc inokonyusa amandla e-tensile bond yodaka, kodwa ayilunganga kumandla oxinzelelo kunye ne-elastic modulus yodaka. UYang Xiaojie et al. yafumanisa ukuba i-plastic shrinkage cracking ye-cement mortar ingancitshiswa kakhulu emva kokuxuba i-HEMc kunye ne-PP fiber.

6. Isiphelo

I-ether ye-cellulose ye-nonionic idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-polymer sement, enokuphucula kakhulu iimpawu ezibonakalayo (kubandakanywa ukuchithwa kwe-coagulation, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina), i-morphology ye-microscopic kunye neempawu zomatshini zodaka lwesamente. Mninzi umsebenzi owenziweyo ekulungisweni kwezinto ezisekelwe kwisamente nge-cellulose ether, kodwa kusekho iingxaki ezifuna ukufundwa ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, kwizicelo zobunjineli obusebenzayo, ingqwalasela encinci ihlawulwe kwi-rheology, i-deformation properties, ukuzinza kwevolumu kunye nokuqina kwezinto eziguquliweyo ze-samente, kunye nobudlelwane obuhambelanayo obuqhelekileyo abusungulwanga nge-ether ye-cellulose eyongezelelweyo. Uphando malunga nendlela yokufuduka ye-cellulose ether polymer kunye neemveliso ze-samente ze-hydration kwi-hydration reaction ayikanelanga. Inkqubo yesenzo kunye nendlela yokudibanisa i-compounds ehlanganiswe ne-cellulose ether kunye nezinye i-admixtures ayicacanga ngokwaneleyo. Ukongezwa okuhlanganisiweyo kwe-cellulose ether kunye nezixhobo eziqinisiweyo ze-inorganic ezifana nefiber yeglasi ayizange igqitywe. Zonke ezi ziya kuba ingqwalasela yophando lwexesha elizayo ukubonelela ngesikhokelo sethiyori ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukusebenza kwesamente yepolymer.