Yenziwa njani kwaye ixube iConcrete?

Ukwenza kunye nokuxuba ikhonkrithi sisakhono esisisiseko ekwakhiweni esifuna ingqalelo ecokisekileyo kwiinkcukacha kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa amandla afunekayo, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso yokugqibela. Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siza kuhamba ngenyathelo ngenyathelo lokwenza kunye nokuxuba ikhonkrithi:

1. Qokelela iMathiriyeli neZixhobo:

• I-samente yasePortland: I-samente yi-arhente ebophelelayo kwikhonkrithi kwaye ifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) kunye neesamente ezixutywe.
• I-aggregates: I-aggregates iquka i-aggregates erhabaxa (efana negrabile okanye ilitye eliqhekeziweyo) kunye nemilinganiselo emihle (efana nesanti). Banikezela ngobuninzi kunye nomthamo kumxube wekhonkrithi.
• Amanzi: Amanzi ayimfuneko kwi-hydration yamaqhekeza e-samente kunye nokuphendula kweekhemikhali ezidibanisa izithako kunye.
• Izongezo ezikhethiweyo: Izidibaniso, iifayibha, okanye ezinye izongezo zinokubandakanywa ukuguqula iipropati zomxube wekhonkrithi, njengokusebenza, amandla, okanye ukuqina.
• Izixhobo zokuxuba: Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani beprojekthi, izixhobo zokuxuba zinokuqala kwikiriva kunye nefotsholo kwiibhetshi ezincinci ukuya kumxube wekhonkrithi kwimiqulu emikhulu.
• Izixhobo zokukhusela: Nxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela, kuquka iiglavu, iiglasi zokhuseleko, kunye nemaski yothuli, ukuzikhusela ekudibaneni nekhonkrithi kunye namasuntswana ahamba emoyeni.

2. Misela iMixube yoMxube:

• Bala ubungakanani besamente, iaggregates, kunye namanzi ngokusekwe kuyilo olufunwayo lomxube wekhonkrithi kunye neemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi.
• Qwalasela izinto ezifana nesicelo esicetywayo, amandla afunekayo, iimeko zokuvezwa, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo xa kumiselwa umlinganiselo womxube.
• Imilinganiselo yokuxuba eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-1: 2: 3 (i-samente: isanti: i-aggregate) kwikhonkrithi yenjongo jikelele kunye nokwahluka kwezicelo ezithile.

3. Inkqubo yokuxuba:

• Qala ngokudibanisa inani elilinganisiweyo lee-aggregates (zombini ezirhabaxa nezicolekileyo) kwisitya sokuxuba.
• Yongeza i-samente phezu kwee-aggregates, usasaze ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umxube ukuze uqinisekise ukudibanisa okufanayo.
• Sebenzisa ifotsholo, ikhuba, okanye iphini lokubheqa ukudibanisa izithako ezomileyo ngokucokisekileyo, uqinisekise ukuba akukho ziqhuma okanye iipokotho zomileyo eziseleyo.
• Kancinci ukongeza amanzi kumxube ngelixa udibanisa ngokuqhubekayo ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okufunayo.
• Gwema ukongeza amanzi amaninzi, njengoko amanzi amaninzi angenza buthathaka ikhonkrithi kwaye akhokelela ekuhlukaniseni kunye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka.
• Hlanganisa ikhonkrithi ngokucokisekileyo de zonke izithako zihanjiswe ngokulinganayo, kwaye umxube unembonakalo efanayo.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuxuba kunye nobuchule bokuqinisekisa ukudibanisa ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokuhambelana komxube wekhonkrithi.

4. Uhlengahlengiso kunye noVavanyo:

• Ukuvavanya ukuhambelana kwekhonkrithi ngokuphakamisa inxalenye yomxube ngefosholo okanye isixhobo sokuxuba. Ikhonkrithi kufuneka ibe nokuhambelana okusebenzayo okuvumela ukuba kube lula ukubeka, ukubunjwa, kwaye kugqitywe ngaphandle kokunciphisa ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukuhlukana.
• Lungisa umlinganiselo womxube okanye umxholo wamanzi njengoko kufuneka ukuphumeza ukuhambelana okufunwayo kunye nokusebenza.
• Ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ze-slump, iimvavanyo zomxholo womoya, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zokulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye neempawu zomxube wekhonkrithi.

5. Ukubekwa kunye nokuGqiba:

• Emva kokuba uxutywe, faka ngokukhawuleza umxube wekhonkrithi kwiifom ezifunwayo, ukubumba, okanye iindawo zokwakha.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuchule bokudibanisa ikhonkrithi, ukususa iipokotho zomoya, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuxinana okufanelekileyo.
• Gqibezela umphezulu wekhonkrithi njengoko kufuneka, usebenzisa i-floats, i-trowels, okanye ezinye izixhobo zokugqiba ukufezekisa ukuthungwa kunye nokubonakala okufunayo.
• Khusela ikhonkrithi esanda kubekwa ekomisweni kwangaphambi kwexesha, ukulahleka kokufuma okugqithisileyo, okanye ezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo ezinokuchaphazela ukuphilisa kunye nophuhliso lwamandla.

6. Ukunyanga noKhuseleko:

• Ukunyanga ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kweengqungquthela zesamente kunye nophuhliso lwamandla kunye nokuqina kwikhonkrithi.
• Faka iindlela zokunyanga ezinje ngokunyanga okufumileyo, iikhompawundi zokunyanga, okanye izigqubuthelo ezikhuselayo ukugcina ukufuma kunye neemeko zobushushu ezivumela ukufakwa kwesamente.
• Khusela ikhonkrithi esanda kubekwa kwizithuthi, imithwalo egqithisileyo, amaqondo omkhenkce, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubeka esichengeni umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngexesha lokunyanga.

7. Ulawulo loMgangatho kunye noHlolo:

• Ukubeka iliso kwikhonkrithi kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuxuba, ukubekwa, kunye nokunyanga ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yeprojekthi kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho.
• Yenza uhlolo lwamaxesha athile kunye novavanyo lolawulo lomgangatho ukuvavanya iipropathi, amandla, kunye nokuqina kwekhonkrithi.
• Ukujongana nayo nayiphi na imiba okanye iintsilelo ngokukhawuleza ukugcina imfezeko kunye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo esibambekayo.

8. Ukucoca kunye noLondolozo:

• Izixhobo zokuxuba ezicocekileyo, izixhobo, kunye neendawo zokusebenza ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa ukukhusela ukwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zikwimeko efanelekileyo ukuze zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo.
• Ukuphumeza amanyathelo afanelekileyo okugcinwa kunye nokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokusebenza kwezakhiwo eziphathekayo.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo kunye nokubambelela kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuxuba, unokwenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye udibanise ikhonkrithi kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kwimveliso egqityiweyo.