Intshayelelo ngokutsalwa kweCellulose kumqhaphu:
I-cotton, i-fiber yendalo, iqulunqwe ngokukodwa nge-cellulose, ikhonkco ye-polysaccharide equkethe iiyunithi ze-glucose. Ukukhutshwa kwe-cellulose kwikotoni kubandakanya ukuphula imicu yekotoni kunye nokususa ukungcola ukufumana imveliso ye-cellulose ecocekileyo. Le cellulose itsaliweyo inosetyenziso olwahlukeneyo kumashishini afana nelaphu, iphepha, amayeza, kunye nokutya.
Inyathelo 1: Ukuvunwa kunye nokunyangwa kwangaphambili komqhaphu:
Ukuvuna: Imisonto yomqhaphu ifumaneka kwiibholi zesityalo somqhaphu. Iibhola zithathwa xa zikhulile kwaye zigqabhuke zivuleke, ziveze imicu emhlophe efukufuku ngaphakathi.
Ukucoca: Emva kokuvuna, umqhaphu uhlanjululwa ukuze kususwe ubumdaka obufana nobumdaka, imbewu kunye namaqhekeza amagqabi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba i-cellulose ekhutshiweyo icocekile kakhulu.
Ukomisa: Umqhaphu ocociweyo uyomiswa emva koko ukususa ukufuma okugqithisileyo. Ukomisa kubalulekile njengoko umqhaphu omanzi unokukhokelela ekukhuleni kwentsholongwane, nto leyo enokuthoba umgangatho weselulosi.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukulungiswa koomatshini:
Ukuvula kunye nokuCoca: Umqhaphu owomileyo utyhutyha i-mechanical processing ukwahlula iifibers kunye nokususa nakuphi na ukungcola okuseleyo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuvula iibhali zomqhaphu kwaye uzidlulise koomatshini abacoca ngakumbi kwaye bagungxule imicu.
Ikhadi: Ikhadi yinkqubo yokulungelelanisa imicu yekotoni kwilungiselelo elihambelanayo ukwenza iwebhu encinci. Eli nyathelo linceda ekufezekiseni ukufana kulungiselelo lwefiber, olubalulekileyo ekuqhubekeni phambili.
Umzobo: Xa umzobo, iintsinga ezinamakhadi zoluswa kwaye zincitshiswe zibe ngqindilili. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba iifibers zihanjiswa ngokulinganayo kwaye zihambelana, ziphucula amandla kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela ye-cellulose.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukwenziwa kweMichiza (iMercerization):
I-Mercerization: I-Mercerization lunyango lwekhemikhali olusetyenziselwa ukomeleza iipropathi zefiber ze-cellulose, kubandakanya ukomelela okwandisiweyo, ukubengezela, kunye nokudityaniswa kwedayi. Kule nkqubo, i-cotton fibers iphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) okanye enye i-alkali kwinqanaba elithile kunye nokushisa.
Ukudumba: Unyango lwe-alkali lubangela ukuba imicu ye-cellulose idumbe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kobubanzi bayo kunye nendawo engaphezulu. Oku kudumba kuveza ngakumbi amaqela e-hydroxyl kumphezulu we-cellulose, kuwenza ukuba asebenze ngakumbi kwiintshukumo zemichiza ezilandelayo.
Ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokungathathi hlangothi: Emva kwe-mercerization, iifayili zihlanjululwa ngokucokisekileyo ukuze zisuse i-alkali engaphezulu. I-alkali ingathathi hlangothi kusetyenziswa isisombululo esine-acidic ukuzinzisa i-cellulose kunye nokuthintela ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezongezelelweyo.
Inyathelo 4: Ukutsalwa:
Ukunyibilikisa iCellulose: Iifiber zepotton ezinyibilikisiweyo ziye zifakwe kwi-pulping, apho zinyibilika kwi-solvent ukukhupha i-cellulose. Izinyibilikisi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuchithwa kwe-cellulose ziquka i-N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) kunye nolwelo lwe-ionic njenge-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]).
I-Homogenization: Isisombululo se-cellulose esinyibilikileyo si-homogenized ukuqinisekisa ukufana kunye nokuhambelana. Eli nyathelo linceda ekufezekiseni isisombululo se-cellulose esifanelekileyo esilungele ukuqhutyelwa phambili.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona:
Imvula: Emva kokuba i-cellulose inyibilikile, kufuneka ihlaziywe kwi-solvent. Oku kufezekiswa ngokumisa isisombululo seselulosi kwibhafu enganyibilikiyo. I-non-solvent ibangela ukuba i-cellulose iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ifakwe kwimicu okanye i-gel-like substance.
Ukuhlamba kunye nokomisa: I-cellulose ehlaziyiweyo ihlanjwa ngokucokisekileyo ukususa nasiphi na isinyibilikisi esishiyekileyo kunye nokungcola. Emva koko iyomiswa ukufumana imveliso yokugqibela ye-cellulose ngendlela yeefiber, iiflakes, okanye i powder, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esijoliswe kuyo.
Inyathelo lesi-6: Ubume kunye noLawulo loMgangatho:
Uhlalutyo: Iselulosi ekhutshiweyo ifumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlalutya ukuvavanya ubunyulu bayo, ubunzima bemolekyuli, icrystallinity, kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ubuchwephesha obufana ne-X-reyi diffraction (XRD), iFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), kunye ne-electron microscopy (SEM) yokuskena (SEM) zidla ngokusetyenziswa kuphawu lweselulosi.
Ulawulo loMgangatho: Amanyathelo olawulo lomgangatho aphunyezwa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokukhutshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambelana nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ethile. Iiparamitha ezinje ngoxinaniso lwe-solvent, ubushushu, kunye nexesha lokucubungula zijongwa kwaye ziphuculwe ukufezekisa umgangatho ofunekayo weselulosi.
Inyathelo 7: Ukusetyenziswa kweCellulose:
Umqhaphu: Iselulosi ethathwe kumqhaphu isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwempahla elukayo ukwenza amalaphu, imisonto kunye nempahla. Ixabiswa ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo, ukutsala, kunye nokuphefumla.
Iphepha kunye nePackaging: I-Cellulose isithako esiphambili kwimveliso yephepha, ikhadibhodi, kunye nezinto zokupakisha. Inika amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuprintwa kwezi mveliso.
I-Pharmaceuticals: I-cellulose derivatives efana ne-cellulose acetate kunye ne-hydroxypropyl cellulose zisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamachiza njengezibophelelo, i-disintegrants, kunye ne-controlled-release agents.
Ukutya neziselo: Izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose ezifana ne-methyl cellulose kunye ne-carboxymethyl cellulose zisetyenziswa kwishishini lokutya njengezinto ezityebisayo, izinzisi, kunye nezithambiso kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zokutya neziselo.
Ukukhupha i-cellulose kumqhaphu kubandakanya uthotho lwamanyathelo aquka ukuvuna, unyango lwangaphambili, ukusetyenzwa ngoomatshini, ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, ukucofa, ukuhlaziya, kunye nokulinganisa iimpawu. Inyathelo ngalinye liyimfuneko ekuhlukaniseni i-cellulose ecocekileyo eneempawu ezinqwenelekayo. Iselulosi ekhutshiweyo inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kuwo onke amashishini afana nelaphu, iphepha, amayeza, kunye nokutya, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yipolymer yendalo exabisekileyo nesebenzisekayo. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokukhutshwa kunye namanyathelo okulawula umgangatho aqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwe-cellulose ephezulu efanelekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-06-2024