Yenziwa njani i-polyanionic cellulose?

I-Polyanionic cellulose (i-PAC) i-derivative cellulose derivative ene-derivative ye-cellulose enoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ngokukodwa kwintsimi yokugaya i-drilling fluid kwi-oyile kunye ne-gas industry. Iyaziwa ngeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo ze-rheological, ukuzinza okuphezulu kunye nokuhambelana nezinye izongezo. Ukuveliswa kwe-cellulose ye-polyanionic kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, kubandakanywa i-cellulose extraction, ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokucoca.

1. Utsalo lweselulosi:

Izinto zokuqala ze-polyanionic cellulose yi-cellulose, i-polymer yendalo efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zesityalo. I-Cellulose inokufumaneka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, ezifana ne-pulp yomthi, iilitha zomqhaphu, okanye ezinye izityalo ezine-fibrous. Inkqubo yotsalo ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

A. Ukulungiselela imathiriyeli ekrwada:

Izinto ezikhethiweyo zezityalo zenziwa kwangaphambili ukususa ukungcola okufana ne-lignin, i-hemicellulose kunye ne-pectin. Oku kudla ngokufezekiswa ngokudityaniswa konyango ngoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali.

b. Ukutsala:

Isixhobo esenziwe kwangaphambili siyacolwa, inkqubo eqhekeza iifiber zecellulose. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokucofa zibandakanya i-kraft pulping kunye ne-sulfite pulping, nganye ineengenelo zayo kunye nokungalunganga.

C. Ukwahlulwa kweselulosi:

Izinto zepulp zicutshungulwa ukwahlula iifiber ze-cellulosic. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya inkqubo yokuhlanjwa kunye ne-bleaching ukufumana imathiriyeli ye-cellulosic ecocekileyo.

2. Ukuguqulwa kwemichiza:

Emva kokuba i-cellulose ifunyenwe, iguqulwa ngokwekhemikhali ukuze ivelise amaqela e-anionic, iguqulelwe kwi-polyanionic cellulose. Indlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa le njongo yi-etherification.

A. Etherification:

I-Etherification ibandakanya ukusabela kwe-cellulose kunye ne-ejenti ye-etherifying ukwazisa amakhonkco e-ether. Kwimeko ye-polyanionic cellulose, amaqela e-carboxymethyl adla ngokuziswa. Oku kufezekiswa ngokusabela kunye ne-sodium monochloroacetate phambi kwe-catalyst esisiseko.

b. Impendulo yeCarboxymethylation:

I-carboxymethylation reaction ibandakanya ukutshintshwa kweeathom ze-hydrogen kumaqela e-hydroxyl ye-cellulose kunye namaqela e-carboxymethyl. Oku kusabela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqalisweni kweentlawulo ze-anionic kwi-cellulose backbone.

C. nciphisa:

Emva kwe-carboxymethylation, imveliso ingathathi hlangothi ukuguqula iqela le-carboxymethyl kwi-ion carboxylate. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ekwenzeni i-polyanionic cellulose i-soluble emanzini.

3. Ukucoca:

I-cellulose eguquliweyo ihlanjululwe ke ukuze isuse imveliso, iikhemikhali ezingaphendulwanga, kunye naluphi na ukungcola okunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo kwisicelo esithile.

A. ukuhlamba:

Iimveliso zihlanjululwe ngokucokisekileyo ukususa i-reactants engaphezulu, iityuwa kunye nobunye ukungcola. Amanzi asoloko esetyenziselwa le njongo.

b. Ukomisa:

I-cellulose ye-polyanionic ehlambulukileyo yomiswa emva koko ukuze ifumane imveliso yokugqibela kwi-powder okanye i-granular form.

4. Ulawulo lomgangatho:

Amanyathelo okulawula umgangatho aphunyezwa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiphumo se-polyanionic cellulose ihlangabezana neenkcukacha ezifunekayo. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanywa kobunzima bemolekyuli, iqondo lokutshintsha kunye nezinye iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo.

5. Isicelo:

I-Polyanionic cellulose inezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zokugaya ulwelo kwicandelo leoli kunye negesi. Isebenza njenge-tackifier, i-arhente yokulawula ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye ne-shale inhibitor, iphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kolwelo lokomba. Ezinye izicelo zibandakanya amashishini okutya kunye namachiza apho ukunyibilika kwamanzi kunye neempawu zerheological zibonelela ngeenzuzo.

I-Polyanionic cellulose yi-derivative cellulose derivative imveliso yayo ifuna uthotho lwamanyathelo achazwe kakuhle. Ukukhutshwa kwe-cellulose kwizinto zezityalo, ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali ngokusebenzisa i-etherification, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokulawula umgangatho zizinto ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yokuvelisa. Isiphumo se-polyanionic cellulose sisisithako esibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, inceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqulunqa. Njengoko ishishini liqhubeka nokuphuhlisa, imfuno yezinto ezikhethekileyo zeselulosi ezifana ne-polyanionic cellulose kulindeleke ukuba ikhule, ukuqhuba uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso kubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kweselulosi kunye nokusetyenziswa.