I-HEC ye-Oil Drilling

I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumacandelo amaninzi emizi-mveliso ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zokujiya, ukumiswa, ukusasazwa kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ngokukodwa kwintsimi yeoli, i-HEC isetyenziswe ekubhobhozeni, ekugqityweni, ekusebenzeni nasekuqhekezeni iinkqubo, ngokukodwa njenge-thickener in brine, kunye nakwezinye ezininzi izicelo ezithile.

I-HECiipropati kusetyenziso lwemimandla yeoli

(1) Ukunyamezela ityuwa:

I-HEC inokunyamezela ityuwa kwi-electrolytes. Njengoko i-HEC iyinto engekho i-ionic, ayiyi kuba ionized kumanzi aphakathi kwaye ayiyi kuvelisa i-precipitation residue ngenxa yobukho boxinzelelo oluphezulu lweetyuwa kwinkqubo, okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-viscosity yayo.

I-HEC ityebisa izisombululo ezininzi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-bivalent electrolyte, ngelixa i-anionic fiber linkers ezifana ne-CMC zivelisa i-salting kwezinye ii-ion zetsimbi. Kwizicelo ze-oilfield, i-HEC ayichatshazelwa ngokupheleleyo bubulukhuni bamanzi kunye noxinzelelo lwetyuwa kwaye inokujiya ulwelo olunzima oluqulathe ukugxilwa okuphezulu kwe-zinc kunye ne-calcium ion. Kuphela yi-aluminiyam sulfate enokuyinyusa. Ukuqina kwefuthe le-HEC kumanzi amatsha kunye ne-NaCl egcweleyo, i-CaCl2 kunye ne-ZnBr2CaBr2 i-electrolyte enzima.

Oku kunyamezelwa kwetyuwa kunika i-HEC ithuba lokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kokubini kolu phuhliso lwamabala olwandle kunye nolwandle.

(2) Viscosity kunye nesantya sokucheba:

I-HEC enyibilikayo ngamanzi inyibilika kumanzi ashushu nabandayo, ivelisa i-viscosity kwaye yenze iiplastiki zomgunyathi. Isinyibiliko saso esinamanzi sisebenza kumphezulu kwaye sithande ukwenza amagwebu. Isisombululo se-HEC ye-viscosity ephakathi kunye nephezulu esetyenziswe kwintsimi yeoli jikelele ayikho i-Newtonian, ebonisa iqondo eliphezulu le-pseudoplastic, kwaye i-viscosity ichaphazeleka kwizinga le-shear. Kwinqanaba eliphantsi le-shear, ii-molecule ze-HEC zicwangciswe ngokungenamkhethe, okubangela ukuba i-chain tangles kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu, ephucula i-viscosity: kwizinga eliphezulu le-shear, iamolekyu ziqhelaniswe nesikhokelo sokuhamba, ukunciphisa ukuchasana nokuhamba, kunye ne-viscosity iyancipha ngokunyuka kwezinga le-shear.

Ngenani elikhulu leemvavanyo, i-Union Carbide (UCC) yagqiba ekubeni ukuziphatha kwe-rheological ye-drilling fluid ayihambelani kwaye inokubonakaliswa ngumthetho wamandla:

Uxinzelelo lokucheba = K (ixabiso lokucheba) n

Apho, n yi-viscosity esebenzayo yesisombululo kwizinga eliphantsi lokucheba (1s-1).

I-N ithelekiseka ngokuphambeneyo nokucheba. .

Kubunjineli bodaka, k kunye n ziluncedo xa kubalwa viscosity ulwelo olusebenzayo phantsi kweemeko downhole. Inkampani iphuhlise isethi yamaxabiso k kunye n xa HEC(4400cps) isetyenziswe njengenxalenye yodaka lokomba (itheyibhile 2). Le theyibhile isebenza kuzo zonke izisombululo ze-HEC emanzini amatsha kunye netyuwa (0.92kg / 1 nacL). Ukusuka kule theyibhile, amaxabiso ahambelana ne-medium (100-200rpm) kunye ne-low (15-30rpm) amazinga okucheba angafunyanwa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-HEC kwindawo yeoli

(1) Ulwelo lokwemba

I-HEC eyongeziweyo yokugaya i-drilling fluids isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-hard rock drilling kunye neemeko ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokujikeleza kokulawula ukulahleka kwamanzi, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi amaninzi, uxinzelelo olungaqhelekanga, kunye nokwakheka kwe-shale engalinganiyo. Iziphumo zesicelo zikwalungile ekwembeni kunye nokugrumba umngxuma omkhulu.

Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ukunqunyanyiswa kunye neempawu zokuthambisa, i-HEC ingasetyenziselwa ukugrumba udaka ukupholisa intsimbi kunye nokusika iziqwenga, kunye nokuzisa izitshabalalisi zokusika phezulu, ukuphucula umthamo wokuthwala ilitye lodaka. Isetyenziswe kwindawo yeoli ye-Shengli njengequla elisasaza kwaye lithwele ulwelo olunesiphumo esimangalisayo kwaye sele lusetyenzisiwe. Kwi-downhole, xa udibana nezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokucheba, ngenxa yendlela yokuziphatha ekhethekileyo ye-rheological ye-HEC, i-viscosity ye-drilling fluid ingaba yindawo ekufutshane ne-viscosity yamanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lokugaya liphuculwe, kwaye i-bit ayilula ukutshisa, kwaye ubomi benkonzo ye-bit bude. Kwelinye icala, imingxuma egrunjiweyo icocekile kwaye inokungena okuphezulu. Ngokukodwa kwisakhiwo samatye anzima, esi siphumo sibonakala ngokucacileyo, sinokugcina izinto ezininzi. .

Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba amandla afunekayo ekuqhubeni ukujikeleza kwamanzi kwinqanaba elinikeziweyo lixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-viscosity ye-drilling fluid, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-HEC yokugaya ulwelo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukungqubana kwe-hydrodynamic, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe imfuno yoxinzelelo lwempompo. Ngaloo ndlela, uvakalelo lokulahlekelwa kokujikeleza luyancipha. Ukongezelela, i-torque yokuqala ingancitshiswa xa umjikelo uqala kwakhona emva kokuvala.

Isisombululo se-potassium chloride se-HEC sisetyenziswe njengolwelo lokwemba ukuphucula uzinzo lwe-wellbore. Ulwakhiwo olungalinganiyo lubanjwe kwisimo esizinzileyo ukuze kuthomalaliswe iimfuno zecasing. Ulwelo lokugrumba luphucula ngakumbi amandla okuthwala amatye kwaye lunqande ukusasazwa kokusikwa.

I-HEC inokuphucula ukubambelela nakwisisombululo se-electrolyte. Amanzi anetyuwa aqulethe i-sodium ion, i-calcium ion, i-chloride ion kunye ne-bromine ion ahlala edibana nawo kulwelo olubuthathaka lokomba. Olu lwelo lokugrumba lujiyelwe nge-HEC, enokugcina ukunyibilika kwejeli kunye nobuchule obuhle bokuphakamisa i-viscosity ngaphakathi koluhlu lwetyuwa kunye nobunzima beengalo zomntu. Inokuthintela umonakalo kwindawo yokuvelisa kwaye inyuse izinga lokomba kunye nokuveliswa kweoli.

Ukusebenzisa i-HEC kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwelahleko yolwelo lodaka ngokubanzi. Ukuphucula kakhulu ukuzinza kodaka. I-HEC inokongezwa njengesongezo kwi-bentonite slurry ye-saline engabonakaliyo ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokwandisa i-viscosity ngaphandle kokunyusa amandla e-gel. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenzisa i-HEC ukugrumba udaka kunokususa ukusasazwa kodongwe kwaye kuthintele ukuwa kakuhle. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunciphisa isantya sokumanzisa kwengxuma yodaka kudonga lomngxuma, kunye nesiphumo sokugquma setsheyini elide le-HEC kwilitye lodonga lomngxuma womeleza ulwakhiwo lwamatye kwaye lwenza kube nzima ukugalelwa amanzi kunye nokuchitheka, okukhokelela ekuweni. Ekubunjweni okuphezulu kwe-permeability, izongezo zokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ezifana ne-calcium carbonate, i-resins ye-hydrocarbon ekhethiweyo okanye i-salt-soluble grain grains inokusebenza kakuhle, kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuxinwa okuphezulu kwesisombululo sokulungisa ilahleko yamanzi (oko kukuthi, kumbhobho ngamnye wesisombululo) inokusetyenziswa

HEC 1.3-3.2kg) ukukhusela ukulahleka kwamanzi nzulu kwindawo yemveliso.

I-HEC ingasetyenziselwa njengejeli yokukhusela engavundisiyo ekubhobhozeni udaka ukwenzela unyango kakuhle kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwe-200 ye-atmospheric) kunye nokulinganisa ukushisa.

Inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-HEC kukuba iinkqubo zokugaya kunye nokugqiba zingasebenzisa udaka olufanayo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwezinye i-dispersants, i-diluents kunye ne-PH regulators, ukuphathwa kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kulula kakhulu.

(2.) Ulwelo oluqhekezayo:

Kwi-fracturing fluid, i-HEC inokuphakamisa i-viscosity, kwaye i-HEC ngokwayo ayinayo impembelelo kwi-oyile ye-oyile, ayiyi kuthintela i-glue ye-fracture, inokuphuka kakuhle. Ikwanazo neempawu ezifana nolwelo oluqhekezayo olusekwe kumanzi, njengobuchule bokunqunyanyiswa kwesanti eyomeleleyo kunye nokumelana nokukhuhlana okuncinci. Umxube we-0.1-2% we-alcohol yamanzi, uqiniswe yi-HEC kunye nezinye iityuwa ze-iodized ezifana ne-potassium, i-sodium kunye ne-lead, ifakwe kwi-oyile kakuhle kwixinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-fracturing, kwaye ukuhamba kwabuyiselwa kwiiyure ze-48. Ulwelo olusekwe kumanzi oluqhekezayo olwenziwe nge-HEC alunasisele emva kolwelo, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezinokungena okuncinci okungenakukhutshelwa intsalela. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline, i-complex yenziwa nge-manganese chloride, i-chloride yobhedu, i-nitrate yobhedu, i-copper sulfate kunye nezisombululo ze-dichromate, kwaye isetyenziselwa ngokukodwa i-proppant ethwele i-fracturing fluids. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-HEC kunokuphepha ukulahleka kwe-viscosity ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-downhole, i-fracturing zone yeoli, kwaye isafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo kwi-Wells ephezulu kune-371 C. Kwiimeko ze-downhole, i-HEC akulula ukubola kunye nokuwohloka, kwaye intsalela iphantsi, ngoko ngokusisiseko ayisayi kuvala indlela yeoli, nto leyo ekhokelela kungcoliso olungaphantsi komhlaba. Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni, kungcono kakhulu kuneglue esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-fracturing, njenge-field elite. I-Phillips Petroleum iphinde yathelekisa ukubunjwa kwee-cellulose ethers ezifana ne-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxypropyl cellulose kunye ne-methyl cellulose, kwaye yagqiba ekubeni i-HEC yayisona sisombululo.

Emva kokuba i-fracturing fluid kunye ne-0.6% yesiseko se-HEC yoxinaniso kunye ne-copper sulfate crosslinking agent isetyenziswe kwi-oilfield yase-Daqing e-China, kugqitywa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezinamathele zendalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-HEC kwi-fracturing fluid kunenzuzo "(1) Ulwelo olusisiseko alulula ukubola emva kokulungiswa, kwaye lunokubekwa ixesha elide; (2) intsalela iphantsi. Kwaye le yokugqibela ngundoqo ukuze HEC isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumthombo oyile fracturing kumazwe angaphandle.

(3.) Ukugqitywa kunye nokusebenza:

I-HEC's low-solid completion fluid inqanda amasuntswana odaka ekuthinteleni indawo yokugcina amanzi njengoko isondela kwi-reservoir. Iipropati zokulahleka kwamanzi zikwathintela amanzi amaninzi ukuba angangeni kwidama esuka eludakeni ukuqinisekisa umthamo wemveliso wedama.

I-HEC inciphisa ukudonsa udaka, okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwempompo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukunyibilika kwayo okugqwesileyo kwetyuwa kwakhona kuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mvula xa i-oyile i-acidizing Wells.

Ekugqityweni nasekungeneleleni imisebenzi, i-viscosity ye-HEC isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa igrabile. Ukongeza i-0.5-1kg ye-HEC ngomphanda ngamnye wolwelo olusebenzayo unokuthwala igrabile kunye negrabile ukusuka kumngxuma wokutsala amanzi, okukhokelela kumngxuma ongcono wokusasazeka kwemitha kunye nobude begrabile. Ukususwa okulandelayo kwepolymer kwenza lula kakhulu inkqubo yokususa umsebenzi kunye nokugqiba ulwelo. Ngezihlandlo ezinqabileyo, iimeko zomngxuma wemingxuma zifuna inyathelo lolungiso lokuthintela udaka ukuba lungabuyeli kwiqula lomthombo ngexesha lokugrumba kunye nokusebenza kunye nokulahleka kolwelo olujikelezayo. Kule meko, isisombululo esiphezulu se-HEC singasetyenziselwa ukujova ngokukhawuleza i-1.3-3.2kg ye-HEC ngombhobho we-downhole yamanzi. Ukongeza, kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, malunga ne-23kg ye-HEC inokufakwa kwi-barrel nganye ye-diesel kwaye imponlwe phantsi kwe-shaft, i-hydrating ngokucothayo njengoko ixutywa namanzi amatye emngxunyeni.

I-permeability ye-sand cores egcwele isisombululo se-500 millidarcy kwi-concentration ye-0. 68 kg ye-HEC emgqonyeni ingabuyiselwa ngaphezu kwe-90% nge-acidification nge-hydrochloric acid. Ukongeza, i-HEC yokugqibezela ulwelo oluqulethe i-calcium carbonate, eyenziwe kwi-136ppm yamanzi olwandle aqinileyo angacocwanga abantu abadala, ifumene i-98% yesantya sokuntywila sangaphambili emva kokuba ikeyiki yokucoca isusiwe kumphezulu wesici sokucoca ngeasidi.