I-cellulose ether yinto ebalulekileyo yepolymer esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto zokwakha, amayeza, ukutya kunye nezinye iindawo. Ipropati yayo yokugcina amanzi yenye yezinto eziphambili zendima yayo kwizicelo ezininzi. Ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukubambelela, i-ductility kunye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa kwezinto. Iqondo le-etherification kunye nobushushu be-cellulose ether zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Isiphumo seqondo le-etherification ye-cellulose ether kugcino lwamanzi
I-cellulose ethers yenziwa ngokuguqula inxalenye ye-hydroxyl ye-cellulose ibe ngamaqela e-ether. Iqondo le-etherification libhekiselele kwinani lamaqela e-ether aziswa kwiyunithi nganye ye-glucose, esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iqondo lokutshintshwa kwee-ether ze-cellulose. Iqondo le-etherification linempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi e-cellulose ethers. Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengoko iqondo le-etherification lisanda, i-hydrophilicity ye-cellulose ether iyanda, kunye nokusebenza kwayo kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuyanda.
Ukuphakama kweqondo le-etherification, amaqela amaninzi e-hydrophilic (afana ne-methoxy, ethoxy, njl.) angeniswe kwi-cellulose ether molecular chain. La maqela angakwazi ukusebenzisana kunye neemolekyuli zamanzi ngokusebenzisa iibhondi ze-hydrogen, ukuqinisa i-cellulose Umthamo we-adsorption we-ether kwi-molecule yamanzi. Ke ngoko, ii-ether zeselulosi ezineedigri eziphezulu ze-etherification zinokufunxa kwaye zigcine amanzi amaninzi kwindawo efumileyo, zizenze zibe ntle kwiimpawu zokugcina amanzi.
Nangona kunjalo, iqondo eliphezulu le-etherification, ngcono. Xa iqondo le-etherification lifikelela kwinqanaba elithile, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-ether ye-cellulose akusayi kuqhubeka nokunyuka kunye nokwanda kweqondo le-etherification, kwaye kunokuncipha. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa i-etherification iphezulu kakhulu, isakhiwo se-cellulose ether ye-molecular chain inokutshintsha, okubangela ukuba buthathaka kwamandla e-intermolecular, ekugqibeleni kuchaphazele ukufunxa kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ke ngoko, kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ii-ether ze-cellulose ezineedigri ezifanelekileyo ze-etherification kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweemeko ezithile.
Impembelelo yobushushu kugcino lwamanzi e-cellulose ethers
Iqondo lobushushu yenye into enempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi eethers ze-cellulose. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu, iipropati zokugcina amanzi ze-cellulose ethers ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-cellulose ethers. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kukhawulezisa ukuvela kwamanzi abe ngumphunga, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba izinto zigcine ukufuma.
Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-cellulose ether molecules kunye ne-molecule yamanzi kunamandla, okubangela ukugcinwa kwamanzi okungcono. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu lisanda, iimolekyuli zamanzi ziba ngumphunga ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amandla okugcina amanzi e-cellulose ether ngokuthe ngcembe ayancipha. Ukongeza, ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu kunokuchaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-cellulose ethers. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile zokushisa okuphezulu, i-cellulose ether inokulahlekelwa yi-solubility kwaye ingaphumeleli ukwenza isisombululo esifanayo okanye i-colloid, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo kokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose ethers zineemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa. Ezinye ii-ether ze-cellulose zisenako ukugcina ugcino lwamanzi olulungileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngelixa ezinye ziya kufumana ukwehla okubonakalayo kugcino lwamanzi xa ubushushu bunyuka kancinci. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha i-cellulose ether, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokushisa kwendawo yokusetyenziswa.
Intsebenziswano phakathi kweqondo le-etherification kunye nobushushu
Iziphumo zedigri ye-etherification kunye nobushushu kugcino lwamanzi lwe-cellulose ether zihlala zisebenzisana. Kwizinto eziphathekayo, ezi zinto zimbini zihlala zifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi. Umzekelo, xa i-cellulose ether eneqondo eliphezulu le-etherification isetyenziswa kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu, nangona iqondo eliphezulu le-etherification linokwandisa ugcino lwamanzi lwe-cellulose ether, iqondo lokumka kwamanzi kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu liya kuba njalo. ikhawuleziswe ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke yenza buthathaka eyona mpembelelo yogcino lwamanzi. Ngoko ke, kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zokushisa, kunokufuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe i-cellulose ethers enezakhiwo eziguqulwe ngokukodwa ukuphucula ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ngokuchasene noko, kwimeko yeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, umphumo wedigri ye-etherification ekugcinweni kwamanzi e-cellulose ether inokucaca ngakumbi. Phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi, amanzi aphuphuma kancinci, kwaye i-ether ye-cellulose eneqondo eliphezulu le-etherification inokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo umthamo wayo wokufunxa amanzi, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza kogcino lwamanzi lwento.
Iqondo le-etherification kunye nobushushu be-cellulose ether zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Okukhona iphezulu iqondo le-etherification, kokukhona i-hydrophilicity ye-cellulose ether yomelele kwaye ingcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, iqondo eliphezulu kakhulu le-etherification lingakhokelela kutshintsho kwisakhiwo semolekyuli, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kudla ngokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-cellulose ethers. Ngokukodwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zokushisa, ukufudumala kwamanzi kukhawuleza, okuchaphazela umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi. Kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha i-ether ye-cellulose eneqondo elifanelekileyo le-etherification ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zokushisa kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa ukuze kuphunyezwe isiphumo esihle sokugcina amanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-18-2024