Iziphumo zeHydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Etere kwiiPropathi zoomatshini otshiziweyo ngodaka lwesamente.

I-ether ye-Cellulose yinto ebalulekileyo yokongeza kudaka oluqhunyiswe ngumatshini. Iimpembelelo ze-viscosities ezine ezahlukeneyo ze-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ekugcinweni kwamanzi, ukuxinana, umxholo womoya, izakhiwo zomatshini kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore yodaka oluqhunyiswe ngumatshini luye lwafundwa. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba: I-HPMC inokuphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kumdaka, kwaye izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lingadlula i-90% xa inani le-HPMC li-0.15%. Eyona nto icacileyo; umxholo womoya wodaka uyanda ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC: I-HPMC iya kunciphisa ngokucacileyo iimpawu zemishini yodaka lwesamente, kodwa umlinganiselo wokugoqa wodaka uya kwanda; ubungakanani bepore lodaka buya kunyuka kakhulu emva kokongeza i-HPMC, Umlinganiselo wemingxuma eyingozi kunye nemingxunya emininzi eyingozi yanda kakhulu.

Amagama angundoqo: udaka; i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether; ukugcinwa kwamanzi; ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani bepore

0. Intshayelelo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yoshishino kunye nokuphuculwa kweteknoloji, ngokusungulwa kunye nokuphuculwa koomatshini bokutshiza udaka lwangaphandle, iteknoloji yokutshiza ngoomatshini kunye nokutyabeka iye yaphuhliswa kakhulu kwilizwe lethu. Udaka lokutshiza lomatshini lwahlukile kudaka oluqhelekileyo, olufuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kogcino lwamanzi, ulwelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza okuthile okuchasayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cellulose ether yongezwa kumdaka, phakathi kwayo i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Plain ether (HPMC) yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. Imisebenzi ephambili ye-HPMC kudaka zezi: umthamo obalaseleyo wokugcina amanzi, ukutyeba kunye ne-viscosifying kunye nohlengahlengiso lwe-rheological. Nangona kunjalo, iintsilelo ze-HPMC azinakungahoywa. I-HPMC inefuthe lokungenisa umoya, eliya kubangela iziphene ezininzi zangaphakathi kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu iimpawu zomatshini zodaka. Eli phepha liphonononga impembelelo ye-HPMC kumazinga okugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuxinana, umxholo womoya kunye neempawu zomatshini zodaka ukusuka kwinkalo enkulu ye-macroscopic, kwaye liphonononga impembelelo ye-HPMC kubume bepore bodaka ukusuka kwinkalo ye-microscopic.

1. Uvavanyo

1.1 Iimathiriyeli ekrwada

Isamente: ifumaneka kurhwebo lweP·I-O42.5 i-samente, i-28d yayo ye-flexural kunye ne-compressive strength yi-6.9 kunye ne-48.2 MPa ngokulandelanayo; isanti: Isanti yomlambo ecocekileyo yaseChengde, i-40-100 mesh; i-cellulose ether: i-hydroxypropyl alcohol eveliswa yinkampani e-Hebei Methyl cellulose ether, umgubo omhlophe, i-viscosity ebizwa ngokuba yi-40, 100, 150, 200 Pa·S: Amanzi: Amanzi etephu acocekileyo.

1.2 Indlela yokuvavanya

Ngokutsho kwe-JGJ / T 105-2011 "Imigaqo yoKwakha yokutshiza kunye nokutshiza", ukuhambelana komdaka ngu-80 ~ 120mm, kwaye izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi likhulu kune-90%. Kulo vavanyo, umlinganiselo we-lime-sand ubekwe kwi-1: 5, ukuhambelana kulawulwa kwi (93).±2) mm, kunye ne-cellulose ether ixutywe ngaphandle, kwaye i-dosage yayo ibalwa ngokobunzima besamente. Iipropati ezisisiseko zodaka ezifana nokuxinana okumanzi, umthamo womoya, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, kunye nokungaguquguquki kuvavanywa ngokubhekisele kwi-JGJ 70-2009 "Iindlela zoVavanyo lweePropathi eziSisiseko zoMdaka woKwakha", kwaye umxholo womoya uyavavanywa kwaye ubalwa ngokwe indlela yoxinaniso. Ukulungiswa, ukuguquguquka kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweemvavanyo zamandla eesampuli zenziwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-GB / T 17671-1999 "Iindlela zokuVavanya amandla eSanti ye-Cement Mortar (I-ISO Method)". Ubungakanani bepore bavavanywa nge-mercury porosimetry. Imodeli ye-mercury porosimeter yayiyi-AUTOPORE 9500, kwaye uluhlu lokulinganisa lwaluyi-5.5 nm ukuya kwi-360.μm. Iiseti ezi-4 zizonke zovavanyo zenziwe. 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% (amanani ngu-A, B, C, D).

2. Iziphumo kunye noHlalutyo

2.1 Impembelelo ye-HPMC kwiqondo lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka lwesamente

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubhekiselele kubuchule bodaka ukubamba amanzi. Kumatshini wodaka olutshiziweyo, ukongeza i-cellulose ether kunokugcina ukufuma ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa izinga lokopha, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-hydration eyaneleyo yezinto ezisekwe kwisamente.

Ukususela kwisiphumo se-HPMC kwizinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar, kunokubonwa ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar linyuka ngokuthe ngcembe. Iigophe ze-cellulose ethers ezine-viscosities ze-100, i-150 kunye ne-200 Pa·s ziyafana. Xa umxholo u-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.15%, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi linyuka ngokulandelelana. Xa umxholo uyi-0.15%, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi likhulu kune-93%..Emva kwe-20%, ukunyuka kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba sicaba, kubonisa ukuba isixa se-HPMC sisondele kwi-saturation. I-curve yempembelelo yesixa se-HPMC kunye ne-viscosity ye-40 Pa·s kwireyithi yokugcina amanzi imalunga nomgca othe ngqo. Xa isixa singaphezulu kwe-0.15%, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lodaka lingaphantsi kakhulu kunelo lezinye iintlobo ezintathu ze-HPMC ezinomlinganiselo ofanayo we-viscosity. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba indlela yokugcina amanzi ye-cellulose ether yile: iqela le-hydroxyl kwi-cellulose ether molekyuli kunye ne-athomu ye-oksijini kwi-ether bond iya kudibanisa ne-molecule yamanzi ukwenza ibhondi ye-hydrogen, ukuze amanzi akhululekile abe ngamanzi adibeneyo. , ngaloo ndlela idlala isiphumo esihle sokugcina amanzi; Kukwakholelwa ukuba ukudibanisa phakathi kweeamolekyu zamanzi kunye ne-cellulose ether ye-molecular chain ivumela iimolekyuli zamanzi ukuba zingene ngaphakathi kwe-cellulose ether macromolecular chain kwaye zixhomekeke kwimikhosi eqinile yokubopha, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-slurry ye-samente. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo kunokugcina udaka lwe-homogeneous, akukho lula ukwahlula, kwaye ufumane ukusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba, ngelixa unciphisa ukunxiba koomatshini kunye nokwandisa ubomi bomatshini wokutshiza udaka.

2.2 Isiphumo se-HPMC kuxinano kunye nesiqulatho somoya sodaka lwesamente

Ukususela kwiimpembelelo ze-viscosities ezahlukeneyo kunye needosi ze-HPMC kubuninzi bodaka, kunokubonwa ukuba xa i-dosage ye-HPMC i-0-0.20%, ubuninzi bomdaka buyancipha ngokunyuka kwedosi ye-HPMC, ukusuka kwi-2050 kg / m.³ ukuya malunga ne-1650kg/m³ , yehle malunga ne-20%; emva kokuba umxholo we-HPMC udlula i-0.20%, ukuhla koxinaniso kudla ukuba flat. Ukuthelekisa iintlobo ezine ze-HPMC ezine-viscosities ezahlukeneyo, kunokubonwa ukuba i-viscosity ephezulu, iyancipha ukuxinana kodaka; uxinaniso iigophe zodaka kunye viscosities ezixutywe 150 kunye 200 Pa s HPMC ngokusisiseko overlap, ebonisa ukuba njengoko viscosity of HPMC iyaqhubeka ukwanda, ukuxinana kodaka ayisekho kuncipha.

Ukusuka kwimpembelelo yee-viscosities ezahlukeneyo kunye needosi ze-HPMC kumxholo womoya wodaka, kunokubonwa ukuba utshintsho lomoya wodaka luchasene nobuninzi bodaka. Umthamo womoya uphantse uphakame kumgca othe tye; xa umxholo we-HPMC udlula i-0.20%, umxholo womoya awutshintshi ngokukhawuleza, obonisa ukuba umphumo wokungena emoyeni womdaka usondele kwi-saturation. Impembelelo ye-air-entraining ye-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-150 kunye ne-200 Pa·s inkulu kunaleyo ye-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-40 kunye ne-100 Pa·s.

Impembelelo ye-air-entraining ye-cellulose ether inqunywe ngokukodwa yisakhiwo sayo se-molecular. I-Cellulose ether inamaqela amabini e-hydrophilic (i-hydroxyl, amaqela e-ether) kunye namaqela e-hydrophobic (amaqela e-methyl, i-glucose rings), kwaye i-surfactant. , inomsebenzi ongaphezulu, ngoko ke inefuthe lokungenisa umoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igesi eyaziswayo inokusebenza njengebhola ephethe udaka, iphucule ukusebenza kodaka, yandise umthamo, kwaye yandise imveliso, enenzuzo kumenzi. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, umphumo wokungena komoya wandisa umxholo womoya wodaka kunye ne-porosity emva kokuqina, okubangelwa ukwanda kweepores ezinobungozi kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu iipropati zomatshini. Nangona i-HPMC inesiphumo esithile sokungenisa umoya, ayinakuthatha indawo ye-arhente yokungenisa umoya. Ukongezelela, xa i-HPMC kunye ne-air-entraining agent isetyenziswe ngexesha elifanayo, i-agent-entraining agent ingahluleka.

2.3 Impembelelo ye-HPMC kwiipropati zoomatshini bodaka lwesamente

Ukususela kumandla e-28d flexural kunye ne-28d amandla okucindezelayo, kunokubonwa ukuba xa inani le-HPMC li-0.05% kuphela, amandla okuguquguquka komdaka ayancipha kakhulu, malunga ne-25% ephantsi kunesampulu engenanto ngaphandle kwe-HPMC, kwaye amandla oxinzelelo anokufikelela kuphela kwi-65% yesampuli engenanto. 80%. Xa umxholo we-HPMC udlula i-0.20%, iqondo lokuhla kwamandla e-flexural kunye namandla oxinzelelo lodaka alubonakali. I-viscosity ye-HPMC inempembelelo encinci kwiipropati zomatshini wodaka. I-HPMC yazisa amaninzi amaqamza omoya amancinci, kwaye impembelelo yokungenisa umoya kwidaka inyusa i-porosity yangaphakathi kunye ne-pores eyingozi yodaka, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamandla oxinzelelo kunye namandla okuguquguquka. Esinye isizathu sokuhla kwamandla omdaka sisiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi se-cellulose ether, egcina amanzi kumdaka oqinileyo, kwaye umlinganiselo omkhulu we-binder wamanzi ukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamandla ebhloko yokuvavanya. Udaka lokwakhiwa koomatshini, nangona i-ether ye-cellulose inokunyusa kakhulu izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo, ukuba isixa sikhulu kakhulu, siya kuchaphazela kakhulu iipropati zoomatshini bodaka, ngoko ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zibini kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukususela kumlinganiselo wokusonga weentsuku ezingama-28, kunokubonwa ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, umlinganiselo wokusonga ngokubanzi wodaka ubonisa indlela eyandayo, eyona nto ibubudlelwane bomgca. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-ether cellulose eyongeziweyo yazisa inani elikhulu lamaqamza omoya, okwenza iziphene ezininzi ngaphakathi kodaka, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni okubukhali kumandla oxinzelelo lodaka, kwaye nangona amandla okuguquguquka nawo ayancipha ukuya kwinqanaba elithile; kodwa i-ether cellulose inokuphucula ukuguquguquka kodaka kwaye ixhathise Amandla okusonga alungile, okwenza izinga lokuhla licothe. Ukuqwalasela ngokubanzi, umphumo odibeneyo wezi zibini uphumela ekwandeni komlinganiselo wokusonga.

2.4 Impembelelo ye-HPMC kubungakanani bepore yodaka

I-curves yokusabalalisa ubukhulu be-pore yamaqela amane eesampuli A, B, C kunye ne-D zilinganiswa nge-mercury intrusion porosimetry.

Ngokwegophe lokusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore, idatha yokusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore kunye neeparitha ezahlukeneyo zezibalo zeesampulu ze-AD, i-HPMC inefuthe elikhulu kubume bepore bodaka lwesamente:

(1) Emva kokongeza i-HPMC, ubungakanani bepore yodaka lwesamente buyanda kakhulu. Kwi-curve yokusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore, indawo yomfanekiso ihamba ngasekunene, kwaye ixabiso lepore elihambelana nexabiso lencopho liba likhulu. Kwakhona ukusuka kwidatha yeenkcukacha-manani zokusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore kunye nobungakanani bepore ephakathi kwiziphumo zovavanyo lweeparamitha ezahlukeneyo zezibalo, kunokubonwa ukuba ubungakanani bepore obuphakathi bodaka lwesamente emva kokongeza iHPMC inkulu kakhulu kunesampulu engenanto, kwaye kwisampulu ene-0.3% yedosi Ixabiso lokuvula ixabiso li-2 imiyalelo yobukhulu obuphezulu kunesampulu engenanto.

(2) Wu Zhongwei et al. yahlula i-pores kwikhonkrithi kwiintlobo ezine, ezingenabungozi (≤20 nm), imingxuma embalwa eyingozi (20-100 nm), iipores eziyingozi (100-200 nm) kunye neepores ezininzi eziyingozi (≥200 nm). 200 nm). Ukususela kwi-pore ubungakanani bokuhanjiswa kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani kunye neziphumo zovavanyo zeeparameters zamanani ahlukeneyo, kunokubonwa ukuba inani lee-pores ezingenabungozi okanye ii-pores ezingaphantsi ezinobungozi ziyancipha kakhulu, kwaye inani lee-pores ezinobungozi okanye i-pores eyingozi yonyuka emva kokongeza i-HPMC. I-pores engenabungozi okanye engaphantsi kwengozi yesampuli ngaphandle kwe-HPMC imalunga ne-49.4%, kwaye i-pores engenabungozi okanye engaphantsi kwengozi iyancipha kakhulu emva kokongeza i-HPMC. Ukuthatha i-dosage ye-0.1% njengomzekelo, i-pores engenabungozi okanye engaphantsi kwengozi iyancitshiswa malunga ne-45%. , inani leepores ezinobungozi ezinkulu kune-10μm inyuke malunga namaxesha ali-9.

I-3) Ububanzi be-pore obuphakathi, i-avareji ye-pore ye-pore, umthamo we-pore ethile kunye nommandla othile wendawo awulandeli umgaqo ongqongqo kakhulu wokutshintsha kunye nokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, onokuthi unxulumene nokusasazwa okukhulu kokukhethwa kwesampuli kuvavanyo lwesitofu se-mercury. Kodwa xa lilonke, i-median pore diameter, i-avareji ye-pore diameter kunye ne-pore volume yesampulu exutywe ne-HPMC idla ngokunyuka xa kuthelekiswa nesampulu engenanto, ngelixa indawo ethile iyancipha.

3. Isiphelo

(1) Izinga logcino lwamanzi lodaka lonyuka ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC. Iigophe ze-cellulose ether ene-viscosities ye-100, i-150 kunye ne-200 Pa·I-S iyafana, kwaye izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi likhulu kune-93% xa umxholo uyi-0.15%. Xa umxholo 40 Pa·s cellulose ether mkhulu kune 0.15%, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lingaphantsi kunelo kwezinye iintlobo ezintathu viscosity HPMC.

(2) Ubuninzi bomdaka buyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, kwaye umxholo ngu-0.05%. Ukuncipha koxinzelelo yeyona nto ibonakalayo kwi-0.20%, malunga ne-20%; xa umxholo udlula i-0.20%, ukuxinana akutshintshi; umxholo womoya wodaka uyanda ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC.

(3) Ukunyuswa komxholo we-HPMC kuya kunciphisa ngokucacileyo iipropati zemishini yodaka lwe-samente, kodwa umlinganiselo wokugoqa ohambelana nodaka uya kwanda, kwaye ukuguquguquka kodaka kuya kuba ngcono.

(4) Emva kokongeza i-HPMC, ubukhulu be-pore bomdaka bukhula kakhulu, kwaye umlinganiselo wee-pores ezinobungozi kunye neepores ezininzi ezinobungozi zinyuka kakhulu. Isampulu enomxholo we-0.1% we-HPMC yanciphisa malunga ne-45% xa kuthelekiswa nesampuli engenanto okanye i-pores enobungozi obungaphantsi, kunye nenani leepores ezinobungozi ezinkulu kune-10.μm inyuke malunga namaxesha ali-9.