Uphuhliso lwemalike ye-cellulose ether

Ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-hydroxymethyl cellulose kunye ne-methyl cellulose kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo zaziswa, kwaye imfuno yemarike yexesha elizayo yaqikelelwa. Imiba yokhuphiswano kunye neengxaki kwishishini le-cellulose ether zahlalutywa. Ezinye iingcebiso malunga nophuhliso loshishino lwe-cellulose ether kwilizwe lethu zanikwa.

Amagama angundoqo:i-cellulose ether; Uhlalutyo lwemfuno yemarike; Uphando lwemakethi

1. Ukuhlelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether

1.1 Ukuhlelwa

I-Cellulose ether yikhompawundi yepolymer apho iiathom ze-hydrogen kwiyunithi ye-glucose ye-anhydrous ye-cellulose zithathelwa indawo yi-alkyl okanye amaqela e-alkyl endaweni. Kwikhonkco le-cellulose polymerization. Iyunithi nganye ye-glucose ye-anhydrous inamaqela amathathu e-hydroxyl anokuthi athathe inxaxheba kwi-reaction ukuba ishintshwe ngokupheleleyo. Ixabiso le-DS yi-3, kwaye iqondo lokutshintshwa kweemveliso ezithengiswayo zivela kwi-0.4 ukuya kwi-2.8. Kwaye xa ithatyathelwa indawo yi-alkenyl oxide, inokwenza iqela elitsha le-hydroxyl elinokuthi lithatyathelwe indawo liqela le-hydroxyl alkyl, ngoko lenze ikhonkco. Ubunzima beglucose nganye ye-olefin olefin oxide ichazwa njengenombolo yokutshintshwa kwe-molar (MS) yekhompawundi. Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ze-ether ye-cellulose yorhwebo ikakhulu zixhomekeke kubunzima be-molar, ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali, ukuhanjiswa kwe-substituent, i-DS kunye ne-MS ye-cellulose. Ezi zakhiwo zihlala zibandakanya i-solubility, i-viscosity kwisisombululo, umsebenzi ophezulu, iipropati ze-thermoplastic layer kunye nokuzinza ngokuchasene ne-biodegradation, ukunciphisa i-thermal kunye ne-oxidation. I-viscosity kwisisombululo iyahluka ngokobunzima be-molecular mass.

I-cellulose ether ineendidi ezimbini: enye luhlobo lwe-ionic, njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) kunye ne-polyanionic cellulose (PAC); Olunye uhlobo lwe-non-ionic, njenge-methyl cellulose (MC), i-ethyl cellulose (EC),i-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) kunye nokunye.

1.2 Ukusetyenziswa

1.2.1 I-CMC

I-CMC yi-anionic polyelectrolyte enyibilikayo kumanzi ashushu nabandayo. Imveliso esetyenziswa kakhulu inoluhlu lwe-DS lwe-0.65 ~ 0.85 kunye noluhlu lwe-viscosity ye-10 ~ 4 500 mPa. s. Ithengiswa ngamabakala amathathu: ukucoceka okuphezulu, okuphakathi kunye nezoshishino. Iimveliso zokucoceka okuphezulu zingaphezulu kwe-99.5% ecocekileyo, ngelixa ubunyulu obuphakathi bungaphezulu kwe-96%. Ucoceko oluphezulu lwe-CMC luhlala lubizwa ngokuba yi-cellulose gum, lunokusetyenziswa ekutyeni njenge-stabilizer, i-agent yokuqina kunye ne-ejenti yokuthambisa kwaye isetyenziswe kumayeza kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu njenge-ejenti yokuqina, i-emulsifier kunye ne-ejenti yokulawula i-viscosity, imveliso yeoli isetyenziselwa ukucoceka okuphezulu. CMC. Iimveliso eziphakathi zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimilinganiselo yelaphu kunye ne-agent yokwenza iphepha, ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo ziquka izinto zokuncamathelisa, iiseramikhi, iipeyinti zelatex kunye neziseko ezimanzi. I-Industrial grade CMC iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-25% ye-sodium chloride kunye ne-sodium oxyacetic acid, eyayifudula isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yokucoca kunye neshishini elineemfuno ezisezantsi zokucoceka. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, kodwa nakuphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwemimandla emitsha yesicelo, ithemba lemarike libanzi kakhulu, linamandla amakhulu.

1.2.2 I-ether ye-cellulose ye-nonionic

Ibhekisa kudidi lwe-cellulose ethers kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo ezingaqulathanga amaqela adityanisiweyo kwiiyunithi zabo zesakhiwo. Banomsebenzi ongcono kuneemveliso ze-ionic ether ekuxubeni, emulsification, ekwenzeni ifilimu, ukukhuselwa kwe-colloid, ukugcinwa komswakama, ukunamathela, ukuchasana novelwano kunye nokunye. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-oilfield exploitation, i-latex coating, i-polymerization reaction, izinto zokwakha, iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, ukutya, amayeza, ukwenza iphepha, ukuprintwa kwelaphu kunye nokudaya kunye namanye amacandelo oshishino.

I-Methyl cellulose kunye nezinto zayo eziphambili. I-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose zi-nonionic. Zombini zinyibilika emanzini abandayo kodwa hayi emanzini ashushu. Xa isisombululo sabo samanzi sifudunyezwa kwi-40 ~ 70℃, i-genomenon ye-gel ibonakala. Iqondo lokushisa apho i-gelation ivela khona kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-gel, ukuxinwa kwesisombululo, kunye nezinga apho ezinye izongezo zongezwa. I-gel phenomenon iyabuyiswa.

(1)HPMC kunye ne-MC. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-MCS kunye ne-HPMCS kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwibakala: amabakala amahle asetyenziswa ekutyeni nakumayeza; Umgangatho osemgangathweni okhoyo kwipeyinti kunye nesisusa sepeyinti, ibhondi yesamente. I-Adhesives kunye nokukhutshwa kweoli. Kwi-non-ionic cellulose ether, i-MC kunye ne-HPMC zezona mfuno zinkulu zemarike.

Icandelo lolwakhiwo lelona shishini likhulu leHPMC/MC, elisetyenziselwa ukwakha iindlwane, ukugquma umphezulu, intlama yeethayile kunye nokongeza kwidaka lesamente. Ngokukodwa, kudaka lwesamente oluxutywe kunye nenani elincinci le-HPMC lingadlala ukunamathela, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukucotha okucothayo kunye nesiphumo sokopha umoya. Ngokucacileyo uphucule udaka lwesamente, udaka, iipropathi ezincamathelayo, ukumelana nomkhenkce kunye nokuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokuqina kunye namandla okucheba. Ngaloo ndlela ukuphucula ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwezinto zokwakha. Ukuphucula umgangatho wokwakha kunye nempumelelo yolwakhiwo olunomatshini. Okwangoku, i-HPMC kuphela kweemveliso ze-ether ze-cellulose ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha izinto zokutywina.

I-HPMC ingasetyenziswa njengezincedisi zamachiza, ezifana ne-agent etyebisayo, i-dipersant, i-emulsifier kunye ne-agent eyenza ifilimu. Ingasetyenziselwa ukugquma ifilimu kunye nokunamathela kwiipilisi, ezinokuphucula kakhulu ukunyibilika kwamachiza. Kwaye inokunyusa ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi kwiipilisi. Isenokusetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokunqunyanyiswa, ukulungiswa kwamehlo, ukucotha kunye nokulawulwa kokukhululwa kwe-agent skeleton kunye nethebhulethi edadayo.

Kwishishini lemichiza, i-HPMC ingumncedisi wokulungiselela i-PVC ngokumiswa kwendlela. Isetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-colloid, ukwandisa amandla okumiswa, ukuphucula imilo yePVC yokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle; Kwimveliso yeengubo, i-MC isetyenziswa njenge-thickener, dispersant kunye ne-stabilizer, njenge-ejenti yokwenza ifilimu, i-thickener, i-emulsifier kunye ne-stabilizer kwiingubo ze-latex kunye neengubo ze-resin ezinyibilikayo emanzini, ukwenzela ukuba ifilimu yokugquma ibe nokunganyangeki kakuhle, ukugquma okufanayo kunye. ukubambelela, kunye nokuphucula ukuxinana komphezulu kunye nokuzinza kwe-pH, kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto zombala wesinyithi.

(2)EC, HEC kunye neCMHEM. I-EC yinto emhlophe, engenavumba, engenambala, engeyotyhefu ekholisa ukunyibilika kuphela kwizinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Iimveliso ezifumaneka ngokurhweba ziza kwiintlobo ezimbini ze-DS, 2.2 ukuya ku-2.3 kunye ne-2.4 ukuya ku-2.6. Umxholo weqela le-ethoxy lichaphazela iipropati ze-thermodynamic kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal ye-EC. I-EC inyibilika kwinani elikhulu lezinto ezinyibilikayo zendalo kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu kwaye inendawo ephantsi yokutshisa. I-EC inokwenziwa iresin, i-adhesive, inki, ivanishi, ifilimu kunye neemveliso zeplastiki. I-Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) inenombolo yokutshintshwa kwe-hydroxymethyl kufuphi ne-0.3, kwaye iimpawu zayo zifana ne-EC. Kodwa kwakhona inyibilika kwizinyibilikisi zehydrocarbon ezitshiphu (iparafini engenavumba) kwaye isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiingubo zomphezulu nee-inki.

I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ifumaneka nokuba kumanzi - okanye kwiimveliso ezinyibilikayo ze-oyile ezinoluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwe-viscosity. Amanzi ayo angeyoyoni anyibilikayo anyibilikayo kumanzi ashushu nabandayo, anoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zorhwebo, ikakhulu ezisetyenziswa kwipeyinti yelatex, i-oyile yotsalwa kunye ne-emulsion ye-polymerization, kodwa inokusetyenziswa njengezinto zokuncamathelisa, izinto zokuncamathelisa, izithambiso kunye nezongezo zamayeza.

ICarboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEM) iphuma kwi-hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-CMC, akukho lula ukufakwa kwiityuwa zentsimbi enzima, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu ekutsalweni kweoli kunye nezicoci zolwelo.

2. Imarike ye-cellulose ether yehlabathi

Okwangoku, umthamo opheleleyo wemveliso ye-cellulose ether emhlabeni idlule i-900,000 t / a. Imarike ye-cellulose ether yehlabathi idlule kwi-3.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2006. Izabelo ze-capitalisation ye-MC, i-CMC kunye ne-HEC kunye ne-derivatives yazo yayiyi-32%, i-32% kunye ne-16%, ngokulandelanayo. Ixabiso lemarike ye-MC liyafana nelo le-CMC.

Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, imakethi ye-cellulose ether kumazwe aphuhlileyo ikhule kakhulu, kwaye intengiso yamazwe asakhasayo ikwinqanaba lokukhula, ke iya kuba yeyona nto iqhuba ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwihlabathi kwixesha elizayo. . Umthamo we-CMC okhoyo e-United States yi-24,500 t/a, kwaye umthamo opheleleyo wenye i-ether cellulose yi-74,200 t/a, enomthamo opheleleyo we-98,700 t/a. Kwi-2006, imveliso ye-cellulose ether e-United States yayimalunga ne-90,600 t, imveliso ye-CMC yayiyi-18,100 t, kunye nokuveliswa kwenye i-cellulose ether yayiyi-72,500 t. Izinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zaziziitoni ezingama-48,100, ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ziyi-37,500 zeetoni, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwafikelela kwi-101,200 yeetoni. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose eNtshona Yurophu kwakuyitoni ze-197,000 kwi-2006 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kugcinwe izinga lokukhula lonyaka le-1% kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo. IYurophu ngoyena mthengi mkhulu we-cellulose ether emhlabeni, ibalwa kwi-39% yetotali yehlabathi, ilandelwa yi-Asia kunye noMntla Melika. I-CMC iyona ndlela iphambili yokusetyenziswa, i-akhawunti ye-56% yokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo, ilandelwa yi-methyl cellulose ether kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, i-accounting ye-27% kunye ne-12% yetotali, ngokulandelanayo. Umyinge wokukhula ngonyaka we-cellulose ether kulindeleke ukuba uhlale kwi-4.2% ukusuka ku-2006 ukuya ku-2011. E-Asia, iJapan kulindeleke ukuba ihlale kwindawo engafanelekanga, ngelixa i-China kulindeleke ukuba igcine izinga lokukhula kwe-9%. INorth America kunye neYurophu, ezinokusetyenziswa okuphezulu, ziya kukhula nge-2.6% kunye ne-2.1%, ngokulandelanayo.

3. Imeko yangoku kunye nendlela yophuhliso yoshishino lweCMC

Imakethi yeCMC yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amathathu: ephambili, ephakathi kunye nesulungekisiweyo. Imarike yeemveliso eziphambili zeCMC ilawulwa ziinkampani ezininzi zaseTshayina, zilandelwa yiCP Kelco, iAmtex kunye neAkzo Nobel ngeepesenti ezili-15, iipesenti ezili-14 kunye nezabelo zentengiso ezisi-9 ngokulandelelanayo. I-CP Kelco kunye ne-Hercules / i-Aqualon i-akhawunti ye-28% kunye ne-17% ye-market grade ye-CMC ephuculweyo, ngokulandelanayo. Ngo-2006, i-69% yofakelo lwe-CMC lwalusebenza kwihlabathi jikelele.

3.1 eMelika

Umthamo wemveliso yangoku ye-CMC e-United States yi-24,500 t / a. Ngo-2006, umthamo wemveliso ye-CMC e-United States yayiyi-18,100 t. Abavelisi abaphambili yiHercules/Aqualon Company kunye nePenn Carbose Company, enegunya lokuvelisa i-20,000 t/a kunye ne-4,500 t/a, ngokulandelanayo. Ngo-2006, ukuthengwa kwe-US yayiziitoni ezingama-26,800, ithumela ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-4,200, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo yayiziitoni ezingama-40,700. Kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sonyaka se-1.8 ekhulwini kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo kwaye ukusetyenziswa kulindeleke ukuba kufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-45,000 ngo-2011.

Ucoceko oluphezulu lwe-CMC (99.5%) lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ekutyeni, kwimveliso yamayeza nakwimveliso yokhathalelo lomntu, kunye nemixube yococeko oluphezulu noluphakathi (ngaphezu kwama-96%) lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kushishino lwamaphepha. Iimveliso eziphambili (65% ~ 85%) zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kumashishini okucoca, kwaye izabelo ezishiyekileyo zentengiso yindawo ye-oyile, impahla yokuluka njalo njalo.

3.2 INtshona Yurophu

Ngo-2006, i-CMC yaseNtshona Yurophu yayinomthamo we-188,000 t/a, imveliso ye-154,000 t, isantya sokusebenza se-82%, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle we-58,000 t kunye nomthamo wokungenisa we-4,000 t. ENtshona Yurophu, apho ukhuphiswano lulunya, iinkampani ezininzi zivala iifektri ezinomthamo ophelelwe lixesha, ngakumbi ezo zivelisa iimpahla eziphambili, kwaye zonyusa izinga lokusebenza kwezinye iiyunithi zazo. Emva kokwenziwa kwezinto ngokwala maxesha, ezona mveliso ziphambili zisulungekisiwe yiCMC kunye nexabiso eliphezulu elongeziweyo kwiimveliso eziphambili zeCMC. INtshona Yurophu yeyona marike inkulu yehlabathi ye-cellulose ether kunye nomthengisi omkhulu we-CMC kunye ne-non-ionic cellulose ether. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imarike yaseNtshona Yurophu ingene kwi-plateau, kwaye ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kulinganiselwe.

Kwi-2006, ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC eNtshona Yurophu kwakungama-102,000 eetoni, kunye nexabiso lokusetyenziswa malunga ne-$ 275 yezigidi. Kulindeleke ukuba kugcinwe umndilili wokukhula ngonyaka we-1% kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.

3.3 Japan

Kwi-2005, iShikoku Chemical Company yamisa imveliso kwiplanti yaseTokushima kwaye ngoku inkampani ingenisa iimveliso zeCMC kwilizwe. Kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, umthamo opheleleyo we-CMC eJapan uhlala ungatshintshi, kwaye amazinga okusebenza amabakala ahlukeneyo emveliso kunye nemigca yokuvelisa ahlukile. Umthamo weemveliso zodidi olusulungekileyo unyukile, ubalelwa kuma-90% omthamo uwonke we-CMC.

Njengoko kunokubonwa kubonelelo kunye nemfuno ye-CMC eJapan kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubungakanani beemveliso zodidi olusulungekileyo luyanda unyaka nonyaka, lubalelwa kuma-89% esiphumo sisonke ngo-2006, esibalelwa ikakhulu kwimfuno yentengiso ephezulu. iimveliso ezicocekileyo. Okwangoku, abavelisi abaphambili bonke babonelela ngeemveliso zeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle we-CMC yaseJapan uyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, uqikelelwa malunga nesiqingatha semveliso iyonke, ithunyelwa ngaphandle eUnited States, kwilizwe laseTshayina, eTaiwan, eThailand naseIndonesia. . Ngemfuno emandla evela kwicandelo lehlabathi lokubuyisela i-oyile, le ndlela yokuthumela ngaphandle iya kuqhubeka ikhula kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.

4,imeko yoshishino lwe-cellulose ether engeyiyo ionic kunye nentsingiselo yophuhliso

Ukuveliswa kwe-MC kunye ne-HEC kugxile kakhulu, kunye nabavelisi abathathu abathatha i-90% yesabelo semarike. Imveliso ye-HEC yeyona nto igxininiswe kakhulu, kunye ne-Hercules kunye ne-Dow ibalwa ngaphezu kwe-65% yemarike, kwaye abaninzi abavelisi be-cellulose ether bagxininise kwi-series enye okanye ezimbini. I-Hercules/Aqualon yenza imigca emithathu yeemveliso kunye ne-HPC kunye ne-EC. Ngo-2006, izinga lokusebenza kwihlabathi jikelele lofakelo lwe-MC kunye ne-HEC lwaluyi-73% kunye ne-89%, ngokulandelelanayo.

4.1 eMelika

I-Dow Wolff Celluosies kunye ne-Hercules/Aqualon, abavelisi abakhulu be-non-ionic cellulose ether e-US, banomthamo odibeneyo wemveliso we-78,200 t/a. Ukuveliswa kwe-nonionic cellulose ether e-United States kwi-2006 yayimalunga ne-72,500 t.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ether ye-cellulose ye-nonionic e-United States kwi-2006 yayimalunga ne-60,500 t. Phakathi kwabo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MC kunye ne-derivatives yayo yayiyi-30,500 yeetoni, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-HEC yayiyi-24,900 yeetoni.

4.1.1 MC/HPMC

E-United States, i-Dow kuphela eyenza i-MC / HPMC kunye nomthamo wemveliso we-28,600 t / a. Kukho iiyunithi ezimbini, 15,000 t/a kunye ne-13,600 t/a ngokulandelelanayo. Ngemveliso emalunga ne-20,000 t ngo-2006, iDow Chemical ibambe esona sabelo sikhulu semakethi yokwakha, emva kokuba idibanise iDow Wolff Cellulosics ngo-2007. Yandise ishishini layo kwimarike yokwakha.

Okwangoku, imakethi ye-MC/HPMC e-United States igcwele ngokusisiseko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukukhula kweemarike kuhamba kancinci. Ngo-2003, ukusetyenziswa kwe-25,100 t, kwaye ngo-2006, ukusetyenziswa kwe-30,500 t, apho i-60% yeemveliso zisetyenziswa kwishishini lokwakha, malunga ne-16,500 t.

Amashishini afana nokwakhiwa kunye nokutya kunye namayeza ngabaqhubi abakhulu be-MC / HPMC yophuhliso lwemarike e-US, ngelixa imfuno evela kwi-polymer industry iya kuhlala ingatshintshi.

4.1.2 HEC kunye ne-CMHEC

Kwi-2006, ukusetyenziswa kwe-HEC kunye ne-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC) e-United States yayiyi-24,900 t. Ukusetyenziswa kulindeleke ukuba kukhule ngomyinge wonyaka we-1.8% ngo-2011.

4.2 INtshona Yurophu

IYurophu yaseNtshona ikwinqanaba lokuqala kumthamo wemveliso ye-cellulose ether emhlabeni, kwaye ikwayindawo enemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-MC/HPMC. Kwi-2006, ukuthengiswa kwe-MCS yaseNtshona Yurophu kunye ne-derivatives (HEMCs kunye ne-HPMCS) kunye ne-HECs kunye ne-EHECs yayiyi-$ 419 yezigidi kunye ne-166 yezigidi, ngokulandelanayo. Kwi-2004, amandla okuvelisa i-non-ionic cellulose ether eNtshona Yurophu yayiyi-160,000 t / a. Ngo-2007, imveliso yafikelela kwi-184,000 t/a, kwaye imveliso yafikelela kwi-159,000 t. Umthamo wokungenisa elizweni ibingama-20,000 t kwaye umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ibe yi-85,000 t. Umthamo wayo wemveliso we-MC/HPMC ufikelela malunga ne-100,000 t/a.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ye-non-ionic eNtshona Yurophu kwakuyi-95,000 yeetoni kwi-2006. Umthamo wentengiso iyonke ifikelela kwi-600 yezigidi zeedola zase-US, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-MC kunye ne-derivatives yayo, i-HEC, i-EHEC kunye ne-HPC yi-67,000 t, i-26,000 t kunye ne-2,000 t, ngokulandelanayo. Isixa esihambelanayo sokusetyenziswa yi-419 yezigidi zeedola zase-US, i-166 yezigidi zeedola zase-US kunye ne-15 yezigidi zeedola zase-US, kwaye umyinge wokukhula wonyaka uya kugcinwa malunga ne-2% kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Kwi-2011, ukusetyenziswa kwe-non-ionic cellulose ether eNtshona Yurophu kuya kufikelela kwi-105,000 t.

Imakethi yokusetyenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC eNtshona Yurophu ingene kwithafa, ngoko ke ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether eNtshona Yurophu kulinganiselwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-MC kunye ne-derivatives yayo eNtshona Yurophu yayiyi-62,000 t ngo-2003 kunye ne-67,000 t ngo-2006, ibala malunga ne-34% yokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kwe-cellulose ether. Elona candelo losetyenziso likhulu ikwalushishino lokwakha.

4.3 Japan

IShin-yue Chemical ngumenzi okhokelayo kwihlabathi jikelele wemethyl cellulose kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo. Ngo-2003 yafumana iClariant yaseJamani; Ngo-2005 yandisa isityalo sayo iNaoetsu ukusuka ku-20,000 L/a ukuya kwi-23,000 t/a. Ngo-2006, uShin-Yue wandisa umthamo we-ether cellulose we-SE Tulose ukusuka kwi-26,000 t/aa ukuya kwi-40,000 t/a, kwaye ngoku umthamo wonyaka weShin-Yue's cellulose ether ishishini jikelele malunga ne-63,000 t/a. NgoMatshi ka-2007, i-Shin-etsu yayeka ukuveliswa kwezinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose kwiplanti yayo iNaoetsu ngenxa yogqabhuko-dubulo. Imveliso yaqala kwakhona ngoMeyi 2007. I-Shin-etsu iceba ukuthenga i-MC kwizinto zokwakha ezivela kwi-Dow kunye nabanye ababoneleli xa zonke izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose zifumaneka kwiplanti.

Ngo-2006, imveliso yaseJapan iyonke ye-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC yayimalunga ne-19,900 t. Ukuveliswa kwe-MC, i-HPMC kunye ne-HEMC yenza i-85% yemveliso epheleleyo. Isivuno se-MC kunye ne-HEC sasiyi-1.69 t kunye ne-2 100 t, ngokulandelelanayo. Kwi-2006, ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kwe-nonionic cellulose ether eJapan kwakuyi-11,400 t. Imveliso ye-MC kunye ne-HEC yi-8500t kunye ne-2000t ngokulandelanayo.

5,imakethi ye-cellulose ether yasekhaya

5.1 Umthamo wemveliso

I-China ngowona mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthengi we-CMC, kunye nabavelisi abangaphezu kwama-30 kunye nomndilili wokukhula kwemveliso yonyaka ngaphezu kwe-20%. Ngo-2007, amandla emveliso yaseChina yeCMC yayimalunga ne-180,000 t/a kwaye imveliso yayingama-65,000 ~ 70,000 t. I-CMC ithatha i-85% yetotali, kwaye iimveliso zayo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-coatings, ukutya kunye nokutsalwa kweoli ekrwada. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno yasekhaya yezinye iimveliso ze-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC iyanda. Ngokukodwa, ishishini lamayeza lifuna umgangatho ophezulu we-HPMC kunye ne-MC.

Uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso ye-nonionic cellulose ether yaqala ngo-1965. Eyona yunithi yophando kunye nophuhliso yiWuxi Chemical Research and Design Institute. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando kunye nophuhliso HPMC e Luzhou Chemical Plant kunye Hui 'an Chemical Plant baye benza inkqubela ngokukhawuleza. Ngokophando, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno ye-HPMC kwilizwe lethu ikhule nge-15% ngonyaka, kwaye uninzi lwezixhobo zokuvelisa ze-HPMC kwilizwe lethu zisekwe ngo-1980 kunye no-1990. Luzhou Chemical Plant Tianpu Fine Chemical waqala ukuphanda nokuphuhlisa HPMC kwakhona ekuqaleni 1980s, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iguqulwe kwaye yandiswa ukusuka izixhobo ezincinci. Ekuqaleni kwe-1999, izixhobo ze-HPMC kunye ne-MC ezinomthamo opheleleyo wokuvelisa we-1400 t / a zenziwa, kwaye umgangatho wemveliso ufikelele kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. Kwi-2002, ilizwe lethu amandla okuvelisa i-MC / HPMC malunga ne-4500 t / a, amandla okuvelisa ubuninzi besityalo esisodwa si-1400 t / a, esakhiwe kwaye sisetyenziswe kwi-2001 eLuzhou North Chemical Industry Co., LTD. I-Hercules Temple Chemical Co., Ltd. ineLuzhou North eLuzhou naseSuzhou Temple eZhangjiagang iziseko ezimbini zokuvelisa, amandla okuvelisa i-methyl cellulose ether yafikelela kwi-18 000 t / a. Kwi-2005, imveliso ye-MC / HPMC imalunga ne-8 000 t, kunye neshishini eliphambili lemveliso yi-Shandong Ruitai Chemical Co., LTD. Ngo-2006, umthamo wemveliso we-MC/HPMC kwilizwe lethu wawumalunga ne-61,000 t/a, kwaye amandla okuvelisa i-HEC ayemalunga ne-12,000 t/a. Uninzi lwaqala imveliso ngo-2006. Bangaphezu kwama-20 abavelisi be-MC/HPMC. HEMC. Imveliso epheleleyo ye-nonionic cellulose ether kwi-2006 yayimalunga ne-30-40,000 t. Imveliso yasekhaya ye-cellulose ether isasazeka ngakumbi, amashishini emveliso ye-cellulose ether ekhoyo ukuya kwi-50 okanye kunjalo.

5.2 Ukusetyenziswa

Ngo-2005, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC e-China kwakuphantse kube yi-9 000 t, ingakumbi kwimveliso yepolymer kunye noshishino lokwakha. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nonionic cellulose ether kwi-2006 yayimalunga ne-36,000 t.

5.2.1 Izinto zokwakha

I-MC / HPMC ihlala yongezwa kwisamente, udaka kunye nodaka kumazwe angaphandle ukuphucula umgangatho wokwakha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso lwemarike yokwakha yasekhaya, ngakumbi ukwanda kwezakhiwo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ukunyuka kwemfuno yezixhobo zokwakha ezikumgangatho ophezulu kukhuthaze ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC. Okwangoku, i-MC / HPMC yasekhaya yongezwa ikakhulu eludongeni lwe-tile glue powder, i-gypsum grade wall scraping putty, i-gypsum caulking putty kunye nezinye izinto. Ngo-2006, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC kushishino lolwakhiwo kwakuyi-10 000 t, kubalelwa kwi-30% yosetyenziso lulonke lwasekhaya. Ngophuhliso lwemarike yolwakhiwo lwasekhaya, ngakumbi ukuphuculwa kwezinga lokwakhiwa koomatshini, kunye nokuphuculwa kweemfuno zomgangatho wokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC kwibala lolwakhiwo kuya kuqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kulindeleke. ukufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-15 000 t ngo-2010.

5.2.2 Polyvinyl chloride

Imveliso yePVC ngendlela yokunqunyanyiswa yindawo yesibini enkulu yokusetyenziswa kweMC/HPMC. Xa indlela yokunqunyanyiswa isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-PVC, inkqubo yokusabalalisa ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wemveliso yepolymer kunye nemveliso yayo egqityiweyo. Ukongeza inani elincinci le-HPMC linokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani be-particle ye-dispersion system kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwe-thermal ye-resin. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imali eyongezelelweyo yi-0.03% -0.05% yemveliso yePVC. Ngo-2005, imveliso yesizwe ye-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yayiyi-6.492 yezigidi ze-t, apho indlela yokumiswa yayibalelwa kwi-88%, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-HPMC malunga ne-2 000 t. Ngokwendlela yophuhliso lwemveliso yasekhaya yePVC, kulindeleke ukuba imveliso yePVC ifikelele ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 t ngo-2010. Inkqubo yokumiswa kwepolymerization ilula, kulula ukuyilawula, kwaye kulula kwimveliso enkulu. Imveliso ineempawu zokuguquguquka okuqinileyo, eyona teknoloji ehamba phambili yemveliso yePVC kwixesha elizayo, ngoko ke inani le-HPMC kwintsimi ye-polymerization liya kuqhubeka likhula, inani lilindeleke ukuba libe malunga ne-3 000 t ngo-2010.

5.2.3 Ipeyinti, ukutya kunye namayeza

Iingubo kunye nokutya / imveliso yamayeza nazo ziyindawo ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-MC / HPMC. Ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya yi-900 t kunye ne-800 t ngokulandelelanayo. Ukongeza, imichiza yemihla ngemihla, i-adhesives kunye nokunye kudla isixa esithile se-MC / HPMC. Kwixesha elizayo, imfuno ye-MC/HPMC kwezi nkalo zezicelo iya kuqhubeka nokukhula.

Ngokohlalutyo olungentla. Ngo-2010, imfuno epheleleyo ye-MC/HPMC e-China iya kufikelela kwi-30 000 t.

5.3 Ukungenisa nokuThunyela ngaphandle

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho lwethu kunye nemveliso ye-cellulose ether, i-cellulose ether yokungenisa kunye nokuthengisa imveliso yokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle iye yakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isantya sokuthumela ngaphandle sidlula kakhulu isantya sokungenisa impahla.

Ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu we-HPMC kunye ne-MC efunekayo kwishishini loxubo-mayeza ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yemarike, ngoko ke kunye nemfuno yemarike yokukhula kwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-cellulose ether, umyinge wokukhula wonyaka wokungeniswa kwe-cellulose ether yafikelela phantse kuma-36% ukusuka ngo-2000 ukuya. 2007. Phambi kuka-2003, ilizwe lethu alizange lithumele ngaphandle iimveliso ze-ether cellulose. Ukusukela ngo-2004, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-cellulose ether kudlule i-l000 t okokuqala. Ukusukela ngo-2004 ukuya ku-2007, umndilili wokukhula ngonyaka ubeyi-10%. Ngo-2007, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ugqithise umthamo wokungenisa, phakathi kwazo iimveliso zokuthumela ngaphandle ubukhulu becala ziyi-ionic cellulose ether.

6. Uhlalutyo lokhuphiswano lweshishini kunye neengcebiso zophuhliso

6.1 Uhlalutyo lwemiba yokhuphiswano lweshishini

6.1.1 IiMathiriyeli ekrwada

Imveliso ye-ether ye-cellulose yezinto zokuqala ekrwada yi-pulp yamaplanga, ukunyuka kwexabiso lomjikelo wexabiso, kubonisa umjikelo weshishini kunye nemfuno yepulp yomthi. Umthombo wesibini omkhulu we-cellulose yi-lint. Umthombo wayo unempembelelo encinci kumjikelo weshishini. Ikakhulu imiselwa sisivuno somqhaphu. Ukuveliswa kwe-ether ye-cellulose kudla i-pulp yomthi encinci kunezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali, ezifana ne-acetate fiber kunye ne-viscose fiber. Kubavelisi, amaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada awona mngcipheko mkhulu wokukhula.

6.1.2 Iimfuno

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa ngobuninzi ezifana ne-detergent, i-coatings, imveliso yokwakha kunye ne-oilfield treatment agents zenza ngaphantsi kwe-50% ye-market cellulose ether market. Inxalenye yecandelo labathengi iqhekekile. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ether ye-cellulose kubangela umlinganiselo omncinci wokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikrwada kwezi ndawo. Ke ngoko, la mashishini angenasiphelo akananjongo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether kodwa ukuthenga emarikeni. Usoyikiso lwemarike luvela ikakhulu kwezinye izixhobo ezinemisebenzi efana ne-cellulose ether.

6.1.3 Imveliso

Umqobo wokungena kwibakala leshishini le-CMC ungaphantsi kune-HEC kunye ne-MC, kodwa i-CMC esulungekileyo inomqobo wokungena ophezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe bemveliso obuntsonkothileyo. Izithintelo zobugcisa ekungeneni kwimveliso yee-HECs kunye ne-MCS ziphezulu, okubangela ukuba ababoneleli abambalwa bezi mveliso. Iindlela zokuvelisa ii-HECs kunye ne-MCS ziyimfihlo kakhulu. Iimfuno zolawulo lwenkqubo zinzima kakhulu. Abavelisi banokuvelisa amabakala amaninzi kunye ahlukeneyo eHEC kunye neemveliso zeMC.

6.1.4 Abakhuphisani abatsha

Imveliso ivelisa imveliso eninzi kwaye ixabiso lokusingqongileyo liphezulu. isityalo esitsha se-10,000 t/a sixabisa i-$90 yezigidi ukuya kwi-130 yezigidi zeedola. EUnited States, eNtshona Yurophu naseJapan. Ishishini le-ether ye-cellulose lidla ngokungabi naqoqosho kunotyalo-mali kwakhona. Kwiimarike ezikhoyo. Iifektri ezintsha azikhuphisani. Nangona kunjalo kwilizwe lethu utyalo-mali luphantsi kwaye imarike yethu yangaphakathi inethemba elihle lophuhliso. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Utyalo-mali kulwakhiwo lwezixhobo luyakhula. Ngaloo ndlela yenza umqobo woqoqosho ophezulu kwabo baqala ukungena. Nabavelisi abakhoyo kufuneka bayandise imveliso ukuba iimeko ziyavuma.

Utyalo-mali kwi-R&D yee-HECs kunye ne-MCS kufuneka lugcinwe ukuze kuphuhliswe izinto ezintsha eziphuma kuzo kunye nezicelo ezitsha. Ngenxa ye-ethylene kunye nepropylene oxides. Ishishini layo lemveliso linomngcipheko omkhulu. Kwaye iteknoloji yemveliso ye-CMC yoshishino iyafumaneka. Kwaye umda wotyalo-mali olula usezantsi. Ukuveliswa kwebakala elisulungekileyo kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu kunye nobuchwepheshe obuntsonkothileyo.

6.1.5 Indlela yokhuphiswano olukhoyo ngoku kwilizwe lethu

Isenzeko sokhuphiswano oluphazamisekileyo lukwakho kwishishini le-cellulose ether. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiprojekthi zeekhemikhali. I-cellulose ether lutyalo-mali oluncinci. Ixesha lokwakha lifutshane. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Imeko yemarike yangoku iyakhuthaza, kuba ukwanda okungahambi kakuhle kwemeko yoshishino kubi kakhulu. Ingeniso yoshishino iyehla. Nangona ireyithi yokusebenza yeCMC yangoku yamkelekile. Kodwa njengoko umthamo omtsha uqhubeka ukukhutshwa. Ukhuphiswano lwemarike luya kuba lukhuni ngakumbi.

Kule minyaka yangoku. Ngenxa yobuninzi basekhaya. Imveliso ye-CMC ye-13 igcine ukukhula okukhawulezayo. Kodwa kulo nyaka, intlawulo yerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle iyancipha, ukuxatyiswa kwe-RMB kwenze ukuba imveliso yokuthumela ngaphandle yehle inzuzo. Ngoko ke, yomeleza inguqu yobugcisa. Ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso eziphezulu yeyona nto iphambili kwishishini. Ilizwe lethu ishishini le-cellulose ether lithelekiswa namazwe angaphandle. Ayiloshishini elincinci, nangona kunjalo. Kodwa ukungabikho kophuhliso loshishino, utshintsho lwemarike ludlala indima eqinisekileyo kumashishini akhokelayo. Ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, ithintele utyalo-mali lweshishini ekuphuculeni itekhnoloji.

6.2 Iingcebiso

(1) Ukwandisa uphando oluzimeleyo kunye neenzame ezintsha zokuphuhlisa iintlobo ezintsha. Ionic cellulose ether imelwe yiCMC(sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). Inembali ende yophuhliso. Ngaphantsi kovuselelo oluqhubekayo lwemfuno yemarike. Iimveliso ze-nonionic cellulose ether ziye zavela kwiminyaka yamuva. Ukubonisa ukukhula olomeleleyo. Umgangatho weemveliso ze-cellulose ether zimiselwa ngokukodwa ngokucoceka. Ngamazwe ngamazwe. IUnited States Food and Drug Administration kunye nezinye iimfuno ezicacileyo CMC iimveliso ubunyulu kufuneka ibe ngaphezu 99.5%. Okwangoku, imveliso yelizwe lethu iCMC ibalele i-1/3 yemveliso yehlabathi. Kodwa umgangatho wemveliso uphantsi, i-1: i-1 ininzi imveliso ephantsi, ixabiso elongezelelweyo eliphantsi. I-CMC ithumela kumazwe angaphandle ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokungenisa elizweni ngonyaka ngamnye. Kodwa ixabiso lilonke liyafana. I-Nonionic cellulose ethers nazo zinemveliso ephantsi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwandisa imveliso kunye nophuhliso lwe-nonionic cellulose ether. Ngoku. Amashishini angaphandle ayeza kwilizwe lethu ukuza kudibanisa amashishini kunye nokwakha iifektri. Ilizwe lethu kufuneka lixhakamfule ithuba lophuhliso ukuphakamisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Kule minyaka yangoku. Imfuno yasekhaya yezinye iimveliso ze-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC iyanda. Ngokukodwa, ishishini loxubo mayeza lifuna umgangatho ophezulu we-HPMC kunye ne-MC zisadinga inani elithile lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Uphuhliso kunye nemveliso kufuneka icwangciswe.

(2) Ukuphucula umgangatho weteknoloji yezixhobo. Inqanaba lezixhobo zemishini yenkqubo yokucoca yasekhaya iphantsi. Luthintele ngamandla uphuhliso loshishino. Ukungcola okuphambili kwimveliso yi-sodium chloride. Ngaphambili. I-Tripod centrifuge isetyenziswa kakhulu kwilizwe lethu. Inkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kukusebenza okwethutyana, amandla aphezulu okusebenza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Umgangatho wemveliso nawo kunzima ukuphucula. Umbutho kazwelonke woshishino lwe-cellulose ether waqala ukujongana nale ngxaki ngo-2003. Iziphumo ezikhuthazayo ngoku zifunyenwe. Ukucoceka kwezinye iimveliso zeshishini kufikelele ngaphezulu kwe-99.5%. Ukwengeza. Kukho umsantsa phakathi kweqondo le-automation yalo lonke umgca wemveliso kunye namazwe angaphandle. Kucetyiswa ukuba kuqwalaselwe ukudibanisa izixhobo zangaphandle kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Ikhonkco eliphambili elixhasa izixhobo zokungenisa elizweni. Ukuphucula i-automation yomgca wemveliso. Xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ze-ionic, i-ether ye-cellulose engeyiyo idinga inqanaba eliphezulu lobugcisa. Kungxamisekile ukugqobhoza imiqobo yobugcisa yenkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa.

(3) Nikela ingqalelo kwimiba yokusingqongileyo neyemithombo. Lo nyaka ngunyaka wokonga umbane wethu kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uphuhliso loshishino luyiphathe ngokuchanekileyo ingxaki yemithombo yokusingqongileyo. Amanzi amdaka akhutshwa kwishishini le-cellulose ether ikakhulu ngamanzi anyibilikisiweyo anyibilikisiweyo, anomxholo wetyuwa ephezulu kunye neCOD ephezulu. Kukhethwa iindlela ze-Biochemical.

Kwilizwe lethu. Eyona nto iphambili kwimveliso ye-cellulose ether yi-cotton wool. Uboya bomqhaphu yayiyinkunkuma yezolimo phambi kweminyaka yoo-1980, ukuyisebenzisela ukuvelisa i-cellulose ether kukuguqula inkunkuma ibeyishishini lobutyebi. Nangona kunjalo. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwefiber viscose kunye namanye amashishini. Ivelvethi emfutshane yomqhaphu ekrwada kudala yaba bubutyebi bobutyebi. Imfuno imiselwe ukodlula unikezelo. Iinkampani kufuneka zikhuthazwe ukuba zingenise iinkuni eziphuma kumazwe angaphandle afana neRussia, iBrazil kunye neCanada. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ingxaki yokunqongophala kwempahla eluhlaza, uboya bekotoni butshintshwa ngokuyinxenye.