Ukuphuhliswa kwenoveli ye-HEMC cellulose ethers ukunciphisa i-agglomeration kwi-gypsum-based-spray plasters

Ukuphuhliswa kwenoveli ye-HEMC cellulose ethers ukunciphisa i-agglomeration kwi-gypsum-based-spray plasters

I-gypsum-based based plaster-sprayed plaster (GSP) isetyenziswe ngokubanzi eNtshona Yurophu ukususela ngo-1970. Ukuvela kokutshiza ngoomatshini kuye kwaphucula ngempumelelo ulwakhiwo lokutyabeka ngelixa kunciphisa iindleko zokwakha. Ngokunzulu kwe-GSP yokuthengisa, i-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi iye yaba yinto ephambili yokudibanisa. I-ether ye-cellulose inika i-GSP ngokusebenza kakuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi, okukhawulela ukufunxa kwe-substrate yokufuma kwi-plaster, ngaloo ndlela ifumana ixesha elizinzileyo lokumisela kunye neempawu ezilungileyo zomatshini. Ukongeza, igophe elithile le-rheological ye-cellulose ether inokuphucula umphumo wokutshiza koomatshini kunye nokwenza lula kakhulu ukulinganisa udaka kunye neenkqubo zokugqiba.

Ngaphandle koncedo olucacileyo lwe-cellulose ethers kwizicelo ze-GSP, inokuba negalelo ekwenziweni kwamaqhuma omileyo xa itshiziwe. Ezi clumps ezingenamanzi zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-clumping okanye i-caking, kwaye inokuchaphazela kakubi umgangatho kunye nokugqitywa kodaka. I-Agglomeration inokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo kunye nokwandisa ixabiso lemveliso ye-gypsum ephezulu yokusebenza. Ukuze siqonde ngcono umphumo we-cellulose ethers ekubunjweni kwamaqhuma kwi-GSP, senze uphando ukuze sizame ukuchonga iiparitha zemveliso ezifanelekileyo ezichaphazela ukubunjwa kwazo. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zolu phononongo, siye saphuhlisa uluhlu lweemveliso ze-cellulose ether ezinotyekelo oluncitshisiweyo lokudityaniswa kunye nokuvavanya kwizicelo ezisebenzayo.

Amagama angundoqo: i-cellulose ether; udaka lokutshiza lomatshini wegypsum; izinga lokuchithwa; imorphology yamasuntswana

1. Intshayelelo

I-ethers ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwi-gypsum-based machine-sprayed plasters (GSP) ukulawula imfuno yamanzi, ukuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuphucula iimpawu ze-rheological zodaka. Ngoko ke, kunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kodaka olumanzi, ngaloo ndlela uqinisekisa amandla afunekayo odaka. Ngenxa yeepropati zayo ezisebenzayo kunye nokusingqongileyo, umxube owomileyo we-GSP uye waba sisixhobo sokwakha sangaphakathi esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo.

Oomatshini bokuxuba kunye nokutshiza i-dry-blend GSP baye bathengiswa ngempumelelo amashumi eminyaka. Nangona ezinye iimpawu zobugcisa zezixhobo ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo zinokwahluka, bonke oomatshini bokutshiza abakhoyo ngokurhweba bavumela ixesha elincinane lokuphazamiseka ukuze amanzi axutywe ne-cellulose ether equlethe i-gypsum dry-mix mortar. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yonke inkqubo yokuxuba ithatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Emva kokuxuba, udaka olumanzi luphonswa ngombhobho wokuhambisa kwaye lutshizwe eludongeni lwe-substrate. Yonke le nkqubo igqitywe kumzuzu omnye. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elifutshane elinjalo, i-cellulose ethers kufuneka ichithwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze iphuhlise ngokupheleleyo iipropati zabo kwisicelo. Ukongeza iimveliso ze-ether ze-cellulose ezicolekileyo kwi-gypsum mortar formulations kuqinisekisa ukuchithwa okupheleleyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshiza.

I-ether ye-cellulose egayiweyo yakha ukuhambelana ngokukhawuleza xa idibana namanzi ngexesha lokuphazamiseka kwisitshizi. Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwe-viscosity okubangelwa ukuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether kubangela iingxaki ngokumanzisa kwamanzi okufanayo kwi-gypsum cementitious material particles. Njengoko amanzi eqala ukujiya, iba yincindi encinci kwaye ayikwazi ukungena kwiipores ezincinci phakathi kweengqungquthela ze-gypsum. Emva kokuba ukufikelela kwi-pores kuvaliwe, inkqubo yokumanzisa i-cementitious material particles ngamanzi ilibazisekile. Ixesha lokuxuba kwi-sprayer lalifutshane kunexesha elifunekayo ukumanzisa ngokupheleleyo amaqhekeza e-gypsum, okubangele ukubunjwa kwe-powder clumps eyomileyo kumdaka omtsha omanzi. Emva kokuba ezi zixhobo zenziwe, zithintela ukusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzi kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo: ukulinganisa udaka kunye ne-clumps kuyinkathazo kakhulu kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide. Kwanasemva kokuba udaka lusekiwe, ii-clumps ezenziwe ekuqaleni zinokuvela. Ngokomzekelo, ukugubungela i-clumps ngaphakathi ngexesha lokwakhiwa kuya kukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweendawo ezimnyama kwinqanaba elilandelayo, esingafuni ukulibona.

Nangona i-cellulose ethers isetyenziswe njengezongezo kwi-GSP iminyaka emininzi, umphumo wabo ekubunjweni kwamaqhuma angenawo amanzi ayikafundwa kakhulu ngoku. Eli nqaku libonisa indlela ecwangcisiweyo enokusetyenziswa ukuqonda ingcambu ye-agglomeration evela kumbono we-cellulose ether.

2. Izizathu zokuqulunqwa kwee-clumps ezingamanziswanga kwi-GSP

2.1 Ukumanzisa iiplasta ezenziwe ngodaka

Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuseka inkqubo yophando, inani leengcambu ezinokubangela ukubunjwa kwee-clumps kwi-CSP zahlanganiswa. Okulandelayo, ngokuhlalutya ngoncedo lwekhompyuter, ingxaki igxile ekubeni kukho isisombululo esisebenzayo sobugcisa. Ngale misebenzi, esona sisombululo sisiso sokusekwa kweeagglomerates kwi-GSP sajongwa kwangaphambili. Ukusuka kwiingcamango zombini zobugcisa kunye nezorhwebo, indlela yobugcisa yokutshintsha ukumanzisa kweengcezu ze-gypsum ngonyango lwangaphandle lukhutshwe. Ukususela kumbono wezorhwebo, ingcamango yokutshintsha izixhobo ezikhoyo kunye nesixhobo sokutshiza kunye negumbi lokuxuba elilungiselelwe ngokukodwa elinokuqinisekisa ukuxuba okwaneleyo kwamanzi kunye nodaka.

Enye inketho kukusebenzisa ii-agent zokumanzisa njengezongezo kwi-gypsum plaster formulations kwaye sifumene ipatent yale nto. Nangona kunjalo, ukongezwa kwesi songezo ngokuqinisekileyo kuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwe-plaster. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, iguqula iipropati ezibonakalayo zodaka, ngakumbi ubunzima kunye namandla. Ngoko asizange singene nzulu kuyo. Ukongeza, ukongezwa kwee-agent zokumanzisa kwakhona kubonwa njengento enokuba nefuthe elibi kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ukuqwalasela ukuba i-cellulose ether sele iyingxenye ye-gypsum-based plaster formulation, ukulungiswa kwe-cellulose ether ngokwayo kuba sisisombululo esona sikhethiweyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, akufanele kuchaphazele iipropati zokugcina amanzi okanye kuchaphazele kakubi iipropati ze-rheological ze-plaster esetyenziswayo. Ngokusekelwe kwi-hypothesis ecetywayo ngaphambili yokuba ukuveliswa kwee-powders ezingenamanzi kwi-GSP kubangelwa ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ethers emva kokudibana namanzi ngexesha lokuvuselela, ukulawula iimpawu zokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ethers yaba yinjongo ephambili yophando lwethu. .

2.2 Ixesha lokuchithwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose

Indlela elula yokunciphisa izinga lokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ethers kukusebenzisa iimveliso zegranular grade. Eyona nto ingalunganga yokusebenzisa le ndlela kwi-GSP kukuba amasuntswana arhabaxa kakhulu awanyibiliki ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kwefestile ye-10-yesibini ephazamisayo kwisitshizi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekeni kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ukongeza, ukudumba kwe-ether ye-cellulose enganyibilikiyo kwinqanaba elilandelayo kuya kukhokelela ekutyebeni emva kokutyatyekwa kwaye kuchaphazele umsebenzi wokwakha, nto leyo esingafuni ukuyibona.

Enye inketho yokunciphisa isantya sokuchithwa kwee-ether ze-cellulose kukubuyisela umva ukudibanisa umphezulu we-cellulose ethers kunye ne-glyoxal. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni i-crosslinking reaction ilawulwa yi-pH, izinga lokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ethers lixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-pH yesisombululo samanzi esijikelezileyo. Ixabiso le-pH yenkqubo ye-GSP exutywe ne-slaked lime iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye i-cross-linking bonds ye-glyoxal ebusweni ivulwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqhagamshelana namanzi, kwaye i-viscosity iqala ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, unyango olunjalo lweekhemikhali alukwazi ukudlala indima ekulawuleni izinga lokuchithwa kwi-GSP.

Ixesha lokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ethers nalo lixhomekeke kwi-particle morphology yazo. Nangona kunjalo, le nyaniso ayikafumani ngqalelo ingako ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nangona isiphumo sibaluleke kakhulu. Zinezinga elithe gqolo lokuchithwa komgca [kg/(m2•s)], ngoko ke ukuchithwa kwazo kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-viscosity zihambelana nomphezulu okhoyo. Eli xabiso lingahluka kakhulu kunye neenguqu kwi-morphology ye-cellulose particles. Kwizibalo zethu kucingelwa ukuba i-viscosity epheleleyo (100%) ifikeleleke emva kwemizuzwana ye-5 yokuxuba ukuxuba.

Izibalo ze-particle morphologies ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba iinqununu ze-spherical zine-viscosity ye-35% ye-viscosity yokugqibela kwisiqingatha sexesha lokuxuba. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-particle-shaped cellulose ether particles inokufikelela kuphela kwi-10%. Amasuntswana amilise idisc aqala nje ukunyibilika emva2.5 imizuzwana.

Kwakhona zibandakanyiwe iimpawu ezifanelekileyo zokunyibilika kwe-cellulose ethers kwi-GSP. Libazise ukwakhiwa kwe-viscosity yokuqala ngaphezulu kwemizuzwana eyi-4.5. Emva koko, i-viscosity yanda ngokukhawuleza ukufikelela kwi-viscosity yokugqibela ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana ye-5 yokuvuselela ixesha lokuxuba. Kwi-GSP, ixesha elide lokulibaziseka lokuchithwa livumela inkqubo ukuba ibe ne-viscosity ephantsi, kwaye amanzi ongezelelweyo angakwazi ukumanzisa ngokupheleleyo amaqhekeza e-gypsum kwaye angene kwiipores phakathi kweengqungquthela ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

3. I-particle morphology ye-cellulose ether

3.1 Umlinganiselo we-particle morphology

Ekubeni imilo yamasuntswana e-ether cellulose inempembelelo enkulu kwi-solubility, okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukumisela iiparamitha ezichaza ubume be-cellulose ether particles, kwaye emva koko ukuchonga umahluko phakathi kokungamanzisi Ukubunjwa kwee-agglomerates yiparameter efanelekileyo kakhulu. .

Sifumene i-particle morphology ye-cellulose ether ngobuchule bokuhlalutya umfanekiso oguqukayo. I-particle morphology ye-cellulose ethers inokubonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngokusebenzisa i-SYMPATEC ye-digital image analyzer (eyenziwe eJamani) kunye nezixhobo ezithile zokuhlalutya isofthiwe. Iiparamitha zemilo yesuntswana ebaluleke kakhulu zifunyenwe ubude obuqhelekileyo bemicu echazwe njenge-LEFI (50,3) kunye nomlinganiselo ophakathi obonakaliswe njenge-DIFI (50,3). Idatha yobude bomndilili weFayibha ithathwa njengobude obupheleleyo besuntswana elithile leselulosi ye-ether.

Ngokuqhelekileyo idatha yokusabalalisa isayizi ye-particle efana ne-fiber diameter ye-DIFI ingabalwa ngokusekelwe kwinani leengqungquthela (ezichazwe ngu-0), ubude (obubonakaliswe ngu-1), indawo (echazwe ngu-2) okanye umthamo (ochazwe ngu-3). Yonke imilinganiselo yedatha yamasuntswana kweli phepha isekelwe kumthamo kwaye ngoko iboniswe nge-3 isimamva. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-DIFI (50,3), i-3 ithetha ukusabalalisa umthamo, kwaye i-50 ithetha ukuba i-50% ye-curve yokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle incinci kunexabiso elibonisiweyo, kwaye enye i-50% inkulu kunexabiso elibonisiweyo. Idatha yemilo ye-cellulose ether inikwa kwiimicrometers (µm).

3.2 I-ether ye-cellulose emva kokulungiswa kwe-particle morphology

Ukuqwalasela umphumo we-particle surface, ixesha lokuchithwa kwe-particle ye-cellulose ether particles kunye ne-rod-like particle shape ngokuqinile ixhomekeke kumyinge we-fiber diameter DIFI (50,3). Ngokusekelwe kule ngcinga, umsebenzi wophuhliso kwi-cellulose ethers wawujoliswe ekufumaneni iimveliso ezinomlinganiselo omkhulu we-fiber diameter DIFI (50,3) ukuphucula ukunyibilika komgubo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwi-avareji yefiber ubude be-DIFI (50,3) akulindelekanga ukuba kuhambisane nokunyuka komlinganiselo we-particle size. Ukwandisa zombini iiparameters kunye kuya kubangela amaqhekeza amakhulu kakhulu ukuba anganyibilika ngokupheleleyo kwixesha eliqhelekileyo le-10-yesibini yexesha lokutshiza ngoomatshini.

Ngoko ke, i-hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) ifanele ibe ne-fiber diameter enkulu ye-DIFI (50,3) ngelixa igcina ubude be-fiber ubude be-LEFI (50,3). Sisebenzisa inkqubo entsha yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether ukuvelisa i-HEMC ephuculweyo. Ubume be-particle ye-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi efunyenwe ngale nkqubo yokuvelisa ihluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-particle shape ye-cellulose esetyenziswa njengento ekrwada yokuvelisa. Ngamanye amazwi, inkqubo yokuvelisa ivumela uyilo lwemilo yesuntswana ye-ether ye-cellulose ukuba izimele kwimveliso yayo ekrwada.

Imifanekiso emithathu ye-electron ye-microscope yokuskena: enye ye-ether yeselulosi eveliswa yinkqubo eqhelekileyo, kunye ne-ether yeselulosi eveliswa yinkqubo entsha kunye nobubanzi obukhulu be-DIFI (50,3) kunemveliso yesixhobo senkqubo yesiqhelo. Kwakhona kubonisiwe yi-morphology ye-cellulose egayiweyo esetyenziswe kwimveliso yezi mveliso zimbini.

Ukuthelekisa i-electron micrographs ye-cellulose kunye ne-cellulose ether eveliswa yinkqubo eqhelekileyo, kulula ukufumanisa ukuba ezi zimbini zineempawu ezifanayo ze-morphological. Inani elikhulu lamaqhekeza emifanekisweni yomibini libonisa ngokuqhelekileyo ubude, izakhiwo ezibhityileyo, ezibonisa ukuba iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-morphological azizange zitshintshe nangemva kokuba ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwenzeke. Kucacile ukuba iimpawu ze-particle morphology yeemveliso zokusabela zihambelana kakhulu kunye nezinto eziluhlaza.

Kwafunyaniswa ukuba iimpawu ze-morphological ze-etere yeselulosi eveliswa yinkqubo entsha yahluke kakhulu, inomlinganiselo omkhulu we-diameter DIFI (50,3), kwaye ibonisa ubukhulu becala iimilo ezingqukuva ezimfutshane kunye nezingqingqwa zamasuntswana, ngelixa amasuntswana abhityileyo kunye namade. kwicellulose imathiriyeli ekrwada Phantse yaphela.

Eli nani liphinda libonise ukuba i-particle morphology ye-cellulose ethers eveliswa yinkqubo entsha ayisadibani ne-morphology ye-cellulose ekrwada - ikhonkco phakathi kwe-morphology yezinto eziluhlaza kunye nemveliso yokugqibela ayisekho.

4. Impembelelo ye-HEMC ye-particle morphology ekubunjweni kwee-clumps ezingaxutywanga kwi-GSP

I-GSP yavavanywa phantsi kweemeko zesicelo sentsimi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-hypothesis yethu malunga nendlela yokusebenza (yokuba ukusebenzisa imveliso ye-cellulose ether ene-diameter enkulu ye-DIFI (50,3) inokunciphisa i-agglomeration engafunwayo) ichanekile. I-HEMCs ezinobubanzi obuphakathi DIFI(50,3) ukusuka kwi-37 µm ukuya kwi-52 µm zisetyenzisiwe kolu vavanyo. Ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yezinto ngaphandle kwe-particle morphology, isiseko se-gypsum plaster kunye nazo zonke ezinye izongezo zagcinwa zingatshintshi. I-viscosity ye-cellulose ether yayigcinwe rhoqo ngexesha lovavanyo (60,000mPa.s, i-2% isisombululo samanzi, esilinganiswe ne-HAAKE rheometer).

Isitshizi segypsum esifumanekayo kurhwebo (PFT G4) sasetyenziselwa ukutshiza kulingo lwezicelo. Gxininisa ekuvavanyeni ukubunjwa kwe-clumps engaxutywanga ye-gypsum mortar ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba isetyenziswe eludongeni. Uvavanyo lokuhlangana kwesi sigaba kuyo yonke inkqubo yokutyatyekwa kuya kubonisa ngcono umahluko ekusebenzeni kwemveliso. Kuvavanyo, abasebenzi abanamava balinganisa imeko ye-clumping, kunye ne-1 ibe yeyona igqwesileyo kwaye i-6 iyeyona imbi.

Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ngokucacileyo ulungelelwaniso phakathi komyinge we-fiber diameter DIFI (50,3) kunye ne-clumping performance score. Ngokungqinelana nengqikelelo yethu yokuba iimveliso ze-cellulose ether ezine-DIFI (50,3) ezinkulu zigqwese iimveliso ezincinci ze-DIFI (50,3), umndilili wenqaku le-DIFI(50,3) ye-52 µm ibiyi-2 (elungile) , ngelixa ezo zine-DIFI( 50,3) ye-37µm kunye ne-40µm ifumene i-5 (ukusilela).

Njengoko besilindele, ukuziphatha okudibeneyo kwizicelo ze-GSP kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumyinge we-diameter DIFI (50,3) ye-ether cellulose esetyenzisiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, kukhankanywe kwingxoxo yangaphambili ukuba phakathi kwazo zonke iiparameters ze-morphological DIFI (50,3) zichaphazele kakhulu ixesha lokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether powders. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha lokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether, ehambelana kakhulu ne-particle morphology, ekugqibeleni ichaphazela ukubunjwa kwe-clumps kwi-GSP. I-DIFI enkulu (i-50,3) ibangela ixesha elide lokuchithwa kwepowder, elinciphisa kakhulu ithuba le-agglomeration. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elide lokuchithwa komgubo liya kwenza kube nzima kwi-ether ye-cellulose ukuba inyibilike ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokuvuselela izixhobo zokutshiza.

Imveliso entsha ye-HEMC eneprofayili yokuchithwa kakuhle ngenxa ye-fiber diameter enkulu ye-DIFI (50,3) ayinayo kuphela ukumanzisa okungcono kwe-gypsum powder (njengoko kubonwa kuvavanyo lwe-clumping), kodwa kwakhona ayichaphazeli Ukugcinwa kwamanzi imveliso. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kulinganiswe ngokwe-EN 459-2 kwakungabonakali kwiimveliso ze-HEMC ze-viscosity efanayo kunye ne-DIFI (50,3) ukusuka kwi-37µm ukuya kwi-52µm. Yonke imilinganiselo emva kwemizuzu emi-5 kunye nemizuzu engama-60 iwela phakathi koluhlu olufunekayo oluboniswe kwigrafu.

Nangona kunjalo, kwaqinisekiswa kwakhona ukuba ukuba i-DIFI (50,3) iba nkulu kakhulu, i-cellulose ether particles ayisayi kuphinda inyibilike ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwafunyanwa xa kuvavanywa iDIFI(50,3) yama-59 µM imveliso. Iziphumo zayo zovavanyo lokugcinwa kwamanzi emva kwemizuzu emi-5 kwaye ngakumbi emva kwemizuzu engama-60 ayiphumelelanga ukuhlangabezana nobuncinci obufunekayo.

5. Isishwankathelo

I-cellulose ethers izongezo ezibalulekileyo kwiifom ze-GSP. Uphando kunye nomsebenzi wophuhliso lwemveliso apha ujonga ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwe-particle morphology ye-cellulose ethers kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-clumps engamanzi (ebizwa ngokuba yi-clumping) xa ifafazwe ngomatshini. Isekelwe ekucingeni kwendlela yokusebenza ukuba ixesha lokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether powder lichaphazela ukumanzisa kwe-gypsum powder ngamanzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukubunjwa kwe-clumps.

Ixesha lokuchithwa lixhomekeke kwi-particle morphology ye-cellulose ether kwaye inokufumaneka ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlalutya umfanekiso wedijithali. Kwi-GSP, ii-ether ze-cellulose ezinomlinganiselo omkhulu we-diameter ye-DIFI (50,3) ziye zaphucula iimpawu zokuchithwa kwe powder, ezivumela ixesha elingakumbi lokumanzisa amasuntswana e-gypsum, ngaloo ndlela zenza ukuba i-anti-agglomeration isebenze kakuhle. Olu hlobo lwe-ether ye-cellulose iveliswa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo entsha yokuvelisa, kwaye ifom yayo ye-particle ayixhomekanga kwi-original form ye-raw material yokuvelisa.

I-avareji ye-fiber diameter ye-DIFI (50,3) inefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu kwi-clumping, eliye laqinisekiswa ngokudibanisa le mveliso kwisiseko se-gypsum esifafazwe ngokurhweba ukuze kutshizwe kwindawo. Ngaphaya koko, ezi mvavanyo zokutshiza endle ziqinisekise iziphumo zethu zaselabhoratri: ezona mveliso zisebenza kakuhle ze-cellulose ether ezine-DIFI enkulu (50,3) zazinyibilika ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lefestile ye-GSP yokuphazamiseka. Ngoko ke, imveliso ye-cellulose ether eneempawu ezichasene ne-caking emva kokuphucula i-particle shape isagcina ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqala.