Ubuchwephesha beEtere yeCellulose yokucoca ngamanzi amdaka

Inkunkumaamanzi kushishino lwe-cellulose ether ikakhulu zizinyibilikisi ze-organic ezifana ne-toluene, i-oliticol, i-isopate, kunye ne-acetone. Ukunciphisa i-solvents eziphilayo kwimveliso kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kuyimfuneko engenakuphepheka kwimveliso ecocekileyo. Njengeshishini elinoxanduva, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komsi kukwaziimfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwaye kufuneka kuzalisekiswe. Uphando malunga nokulahleka kwe-solvent kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwishishini le-cellulose ether ngumxholo onentsingiselo. Umbhali uhlolisise uphando oluthile lokulahleka kwe-solvent kunye nokuphinda asetyenziswe ekuveliseni i-fibrin ether, kwaye wafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo kumsebenzi wangempela.

Amagama angundoqo: i-cellulose ether: ukurisayikilisha isinyibilikisi: khupha igesi; ukhuseleko

Izinyibilikisi ze-Organic ngamashishini anezixa ezikhulu zeekhemikhali zeoyile, iikhemikhali zamachiza, amayeza kunye namanye amashishini. Izinyibilikisi ze-Organic azibandakanyeki ngokubanzi ekuphenduleni ngexeshainkqubo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokusetyenziswa, i-solvents kwinkqubo yokuhlaziya inkqubo yeekhemikhali ngesixhobo sokubuyisela kwakhona ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana isaphulelo. I-solvent ikhutshwa kwi-atmosphere ngendlela ye-exhaust gas (ebizwa ngokuba yi-VOC). I-VOC ibangela umonakalo othe ngqo kwimpilo yabantu, ukuthintela ezi zinyibilikisi ukuba zingaguquguquki ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ukurisayikilishwa kweeMeko ukuphumeza imveliso ecocekileyo yekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nokusingqongileyo.

1. Umonakalo kunye nendlela eqhelekileyo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwizinyibilikisi eziphilayo

1.1 Ukwenzakala kwezinyibilikisi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo

I-solvents eziphambili zezinto eziphilayo kwimveliso ye-cellulose ether ziquka i-toluene, isopropanol, i-olite, i-acetone, njl. Ezi zingentla ziyityhefu ye-solvents, njenge-dermopine. Uqhagamshelwano lwexesha elide lungenzeka kwi-neurasthenia syndrome, i-hepatoblasty, kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kokuya exesheni kwabasebenzi ababhinqileyo. Kulula ukubangela ulusu olomileyo, ukuqhekeka, i-dermatitis. Iyacaphukisa ulusu kunye ne-mucous membranes, kwaye ine-anesthesia yenkqubo ye-nervous central. Umphunga we-isopropanol unempembelelo ebalulekileyo ye-anesthesia, enefuthe elikhuthazayo kwi-mucosa yeso kunye nepheshana lokuphefumula, kwaye inokonakalisa i-retina kunye ne-nerve optic. Impembelelo ye-anesthesia ye-acetone kwinkqubo ye-nervous central inokudinwa, isicaphucaphu, kunye nesiyezi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuhlanza, i-spasm, kunye ne-coma. Iyacaphukisa emehlweni, impumlo, kunye nomqala. Ukudibana kwexesha elide kunye nesiyezi, ukuvutha komsindo, i-pharyngitis, i-bronchitis, ukukhathala, kunye nemincili.

1.2 Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwizinyibilikisi zendalo zikhupha igesi

Indlela efanelekileyo yokunyanga i-solvent exhaust gas kukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinyibilikisi kumthombo. Ilahleko engenakuthintelwa inokufunyanwa kuphela ngezona zinyibilikisi zinokwenzeka. Okwangoku, indlela yokubuyisela i-chemical solvent ikhulile kwaye inokwethenjelwa. Izinyibilikisi ezisetyenziswa ngoku ngokuqhelekileyo kwirhasi yenkunkuma zezi: Indlela yeConcretion, indlela yokufunxa, i-adsorption method.

Indlela ye-condensation yeyona teknoloji ilula yokurisayikilisha. Umgaqo osisiseko kukupholisa igesi ephumayo ukwenza iqondo lobushushu libe ngaphantsi kuneqondo lombethe lobushushu bezinto eziphilayo, ukujiya i-organic matter ibe lithontsi, elahlulwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-exhaust gas, kwaye lisetyenziswe ngokutsha.

Indlela yokufunxa kukusebenzisa i-absorbent ye-liquid ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo i-exhaust gas ukususa i-organic matter kwi-exhaust gas. Ukufunxa kwahlulwe ngokufunxa ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokufunxwa kweekhemikhali. Ukubuyiswa kwe-solvent kukufunxeka komzimba, kwaye izinto zokufunxa ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngamanzi, idizili, i-kerosene okanye ezinye izinyibilikisi. Naliphi na i-organic matter e-soluble kwi-absorbent inokudluliselwa kwisigaba segesi ukuya kwisigaba solwelo, kwaye ulwelo lokufunxa lunokunyangwa ngakumbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-distillation esulungekileyo isetyenziselwa ukucokisa isinyibilikisi.

Indlela ye-adsorption okwangoku isebenzisa iteknoloji yokubuyisela i-solvent. Umgaqo-siseko kukubamba i-organic matter kwi-exhaust gas ngokusebenzisa i-porous structure ye-carbon esebenzayo okanye i-activated carbon fiber. Xa i-gas yokukhupha i-adsorbed ngumbhede we-adsorption, i-organic matter ibhengezwa ebhedini, kwaye i-gas yokukhupha iyahlanjululwa. Xa i-adsorbent adsorption ifikelela ngokupheleleyo, umphunga wamanzi (okanye umoya oshushu) ugqithiselwa ukufudumeza ibhedi efunxayo, ukuvuselela i-adsorbent, i-organic matter ivuthelwe kwaye ikhululwe, kwaye umxube womphunga wenziwa ngomphunga wamanzi (okanye umoya oshushu. ). I-Essence Pholisa umxube womphunga ngecondenser ukuwujiya ube lulwelo. I-solvents ihlukaniswe ngokusetyenziswa kwe-distillation yengqondo okanye i-separators ngokwesisombululo samanzi.

2. Ukuveliswa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe igesi yokukhupha i-solvent kwimveliso ye-cellulose ether.

2.1 Ukuveliswa kwerhasi ye-solvent ephuma kwi-organic

Ilahleko ye-solvent kwimveliso ye-cellulose ether ibangelwa ikakhulu kuhlobo lwamanzi amdaka kunye negesi engcolileyo. Iintsalela eziqinileyo zincinci, kwaye ilahleko yesigaba samanzi ikakhulu yikliphu yamanzi amdaka. Izinyibilikisi ezisezantsi-zokubilisa zilula kakhulu ukulahleka kwisigaba samanzi, kodwa ilahleko yezinyibilikisi ezisezantsi-zokubilisa ngokubanzi kufuneka zisekelwe kwisigaba segesi. Ukulahlekelwa ngamandla kukuthotywa kwe-distillation, ukusabela, i-centrifugal, i-vacuum, njl. Iinkcukacha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

(1) I-solvent ibangela ilahleko "yokuphefumla" xa igcinwe kwitanki yokugcina.

(2) Izinyibilikisi ezibilayo eziphantsi zinelahleko enkulu ngexesha lokufunxa, kokukhona ivacuum iphezulu, ixesha elide, kokukhona ilahleko inkulu; ukusetyenziswa kweempompo zamanzi, iimpompo ze-W -uhlobo lwe-vacuum okanye iinkqubo zeringi zamanzi ziya kubangela inkunkuma enkulu ngenxa yegesi yokukhupha i-vacuum.

(3) Ilahleko kwinkqubo ye-centrifugation, isixa esikhulu se-solvent exhaust gas ingena kwimo engqongileyo ngexesha lokwahlula isihluzo se-centrifugal.

(4) Iilahleko ezibangelwa ukunciphisa i-decompression distillation.

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(6) Ukungonelanga ukubuyiswa kwerhasi yencopho ebangelwa kukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kweenkqubo zokurisayikilishwa.

2.2 Indlela yokurisayikilisha yerhasi yokukhupha izinto ezinyibilikayo

(1) Unyibiliko olufana neetanki zokugcina itanki. Thatha ugcino lobushushu ukunciphisa ukuphefumla, kwaye uqhagamshele izitywina zenitrogen ngesinyibilikisi esifanayo ukunqanda ilahleko yesinyibilikisi setanki. Emva kokuba i-condensation yegesi yomsila ingene kwinkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe emva kokudibanisa, ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo ilahleko ngexesha lokugcinwa kwe-solvent ephezulu.

(2) I-vacuum system cyclic aeration kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe irhasi yenkunkuma kwisixokelelwano sevacuum. Ivacuum exhaust iphinda isetyenziswe ngecondenser kwaye ifunyanwa ngabahlaziyi beendlela ezintathu.

(3) Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kweekhemikhali, i-solvent evaliweyo ukunciphisa inkqubo ayinayo ukukhutshwa kwezicubu. Amanzi amdaka aqulathe amanzi amdaka aphezulu ngokwentelekiso aqulathe isixa esikhulu samanzi amdaka ayagalelwa aze aphinde asetyenziswe kwirhasi yokukhupha. Isinyibilikisi seholide.

(4) Ulawulo olungqongqo lweemeko zenkqubo yokurisayikilisha, okanye ukwamkela uyilo lwetanki ye-adsorption yesibini ukuphepha ukulahleka kwegesi ephezulu.

2.3 Intshayelelo ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwekhabhoni esetyenzisiweyo kwirhasi yokuchitha isinyibilikisi esisezantsi.

Irhasi yomsila ekhankanywe ngasentla kunye ne-low-concentration gas exhaust gas meridian pipes iqala ukungena kwi-carbon bed bed emva kokufakwa kwangaphambili. I-solvent ifakwe kwikhabhoni esebenzayo, kwaye igesi ecocekileyo ikhutshwe phantsi kwebhedi ye-adsorption. Ibhedi yekhabhoni ene-adsorption saturation yenziwa ngomphunga woxinzelelo oluphantsi. Umphunga ungena usuka ezantsi kwebhedi. Ukuwela i-carbon activated, i-solvent ye-adsorbent ifakwe kwaye ikhutshwe ngaphandle kwebhedi yekhabhoni ukuze ingene kwi-condenser: kwi-condenser, i-solvent kunye nomxube wamanzi we-steam iyancitshiswa kwaye iqhutywe kwi-tank yokugcina. Uxinzelelo malunga ne-25 o / O ukuya kwi-50%, emva kokuba i-distillation okanye isahluli ihlulwe. Emva kokuba ibhedi yamalahle idibaniswe kwaye ihlaziywa ngokumisa, i-adsorption state switching back isetyenziselwa ukugqiba umjikelo wokusebenza. Yonke le nkqubo iqhuba ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuze kuphuculwe izinga lokubuyisela, iitoti ezintathu ze-tandem yenqanaba lesibini zingasetyenziswa.

2.4 IMithetho yoKhuseleko yokwenziwa ngokutsha kwerhasi ephuma kwi-Organic

(1) Uyilo, ukuveliswa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-carbon attachment esebenzayo kunye ne-tube condenser ene-steam kufuneka ihlangabezane nemimiselo efanelekileyo ye-GBL50. Umphezulu wesikhongozeli sokufunxa ikhabhoni esebenzayo kufuneka umiselwe ngegeyiji yoxinzelelo, isixhobo sokukhupha ukhuseleko (ivalve yokhuseleko okanye iipilisi zokuqhushumba Isixhobo). Uyilo, ukwenziwa, ukusebenza, kunye nokuhlolwa kwesixhobo sokuvuza sokhuseleko kuya kuhambelana nezibonelelo “zoyilo nokubalwa koyilo loyilo loyilo kunye nokubalwa koncamathiselo lokhuseleko kunye noyilo lweevalvu ezintlanu zokhuseleko kunye necwecwe lokuqhushumba. ” yemigaqo yolawulo lobuchule yokhuseleko lwenqanawa yoxinzelelo. “

(2) Isixhobo sokupholisa esizisebenzelayo kufuneka sinikezelwe kwisincamatheliso sokufunxa ikhabhoni esebenzayo. I-activated carbon suction attachment gas inlet kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kunye ne-adsorbent kufuneka ibe neendawo ezininzi zokulinganisa ubushushu kunye nolawulo oluhambelanayo lomboniso wokushisa, obonisa ubushushu nangaliphi na ixesha. Xa iqondo lobushushu lidlula ukusetwa kweqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, ngoko nangoko khupha isiginali ye-alam kwaye uvule ngokuzenzekelayo isixhobo sokupholisa. I-I'HJPE yamanqaku amabini okuvavanya ubushushu ayikho ngaphezu kwe-1 m, kwaye umgama phakathi kwendawo yokuvavanya kunye nodonga lwangaphandle lwesixhobo kufuneka lube lukhulu ngaphezu kwe-60 cm.

(3) Isixhobo sokuxilonga igesi yegesi efakwe kwi-carbon suction attachment gesi kufuneka isetelwe ukubona i-gas concentration yegesi rhoqo. Xa i-concentration ye-organic gas export idlula ixabiso eliphezulu elibekiweyo, kufuneka liyekwe: i-adsorption kunye nokubetha. Xa umphunga unemigca, umbhobho wokukhupha ukhuseleko kufuneka umiselwe kwizixhobo ezifana ne-condenser, i-gas liquid separator, kunye netanki yokugcina ulwelo. I-carbon absorbers esebenzayo kufuneka ifakwe kwi-duct yomoya ekungeneni kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwegesi yokungena kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukumisela ukunyanzeliswa kokuhamba komoya (i-pressure drop) ye-adsorbent ukukhusela umtya wegesi wentambo yegesi ekuphumeni komoya ombi.

(4) I-solvents kufuneka ihlaselwe ngumbhobho womoya kunye ne-alamu yoxinzelelo lwesigaba somoya kumbhobho womoya emoyeni. Inkunkuma enekhabhoni iphathwa ngokwenkunkuma enobungozi. Umbane kunye nezixhobo zithatha uyilo olungenakugqabhuka.

(5) Isinyibilikisi sibizwa ngokuba yindlela ezintathu zokufikelela kwiyunithi yokuthintela umlilo ukongeza umoya omtsha xa sidityaniswe neyunithi nganye yokurisayikilisha.

(6) Isinyibilikisi sifumana kwakhona imibhobho yombhobho ngamnye ukufikelela kwirhasi yokuphuma yoxinaniso olusezantsi lwezigaba zolwelo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunqanda ukufikelela okuthe ngqo kwigesi yokuphuma yoxinaniso ephezulu.

(7) Imibhobho yokubuyisela isinyibilikisi isetyenziselwa uyilo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-electrostatic, kwaye i-nitrogen stop chain iyahlawuliswa kwaye inkqubo yokusika iyasikwa nge-alam ye-workshop.

3. Isiphelo

Isishwankathelo, ukunciphisa ilahleko yokukhupha i-solvent kwimveliso ye-cellulose ether yenkomo kukuncitshiswa kweendleko, kwaye kukwangumlinganiselo oyimfuneko wokukhonza ukuphishekela koluntu ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokugcina impilo yabasebenzi emsebenzini. Ngokucokisa uhlalutyo lwemveliso yohlalutyo lokusetyenziswa kwe-solvent, amanyathelo ahambelanayo okwandisa ukukhutshwa kwe-solvent; emva koko i-recycling ye-recycling ye-recycling ye-recycling esebenzayo iphuculwe ngokulungisa uyilo lwesixhobo sokusebenza ngokutsha kwekhabhoni esebenzayo: Umngcipheko woKhuseleko. Ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo kwisiseko sokhuseleko.