Impembelelo ye-cellulose ether ekugcinweni kwamanzi

Indlela yokusingqongileyo yokulinganisa isetyenziselwa ukufunda umphumo we-cellulose ethers kunye nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokutshintshwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-molar ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka phantsi kweemeko ezishushu. Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo kusetyenziswa izixhobo zobalo lubonisa ukuba i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ene-degree substitution degree kunye ne-high molar substitution degree ibonisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kumdaka.

Amagama angundoqo: i-cellulose ether: ukugcinwa kwamanzi; udaka; indlela yokulinganisa okusingqongileyo; iimeko ezishushu

Ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo kulawulo lomgangatho, ukusebenziseka lula kunye nokuthuthwa, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo okwangoku lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Udaka oluxutyiweyo lusetyenziswa emva kokufaka amanzi kunye nokuxuba kwindawo yokwakha. Amanzi anemisebenzi emibini ephambili: enye kukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka, kwaye enye kukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ze-cementitious ukwenzela ukuba udaka lukwazi ukufezekisa iimpawu ezifunekayo zomzimba kunye noomatshini emva kokuqina. Ukususela ekugqityweni kokongezwa kwamanzi kwidaka ukuya ekugqityweni kokwakhiwa ukufumana iipropati ezaneleyo zomzimba kunye noomatshini, amanzi asimahla aya kufuduka kumacala amabini ngaphandle kokuhambisa i-samente: ukufunxa umaleko wesiseko kunye nokunyuka komphezulu. Kwiimeko ezishushu okanye ekukhanyeni kwelanga, umswakama uphuma ngokukhawuleza ukusuka phezulu. Kwiimeko ezishushu okanye phantsi kwelanga elithe ngqo, kubalulekile ukuba udaka lugcine ukufuma ngokukhawuleza ukusuka phezulu kwaye lunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi asimahla. Isitshixo ekuvavanyeni ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwidaka kukumisela indlela efanelekileyo yokuvavanya. ULi Wei et al. Ufunde indlela yokuvavanya ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngodaka kwaye wafumanisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokucoca ivacuum kunye nendlela yephepha lokucoca, indlela yokulinganisa okusingqongileyo inokuphawula ngokufanelekileyo ugcino lwamanzi lodaka kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.

I-Cellulose ether yeyona arhente ixhaphakileyo yokugcina amanzi kwiimveliso zodaka ezinomxube owomileyo. Ezona zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ii-cellulose ethers kudaka oluxutywe owomileyo yi-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Amaqela abambeleyo ahambelanayo yi-hydroxyethyl, i-methyl kunye ne-hydroxypropyl, i-methyl. Iqondo lokuthatha indawo (DS) ye-ether ye-cellulose ibonisa iqondo apho iqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi nganye ye-anhydroglucose ifakwe endaweni, kwaye iqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-molar (MS) libonisa ukuba ukuba iqela elithatha indawo liqulethe iqela le-hydroxyl, i-substitution reaction iyaqhubeka ukwenza i-etherification reaction evela kwiqela elitsha le-hydroxyl yasimahla. isidanga. Ubume beekhemikhali kunye neqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-cellulose ether zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukuthuthwa komswakama kwi-mortar kunye ne-microstructure yodaka. Ukunyuka kobunzima be-molecular of cellulose ether kuya kwandisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar, kwaye idigri eyahlukileyo yokutshintshwa kuya kuchaphazela nokugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka.

Imiba ephambili yendawo yokwakhiwa kodaka oluxutyiweyo iquka ubushushu bendawo engqongileyo, ukufuma okunxulumeneyo, isantya somoya kunye nemvula. Ngokubhekiselele kwimozulu eshushu, i-ACI (American Concrete Institute) Committee 305 iyichaza njengayo nayiphi na indibaniselwano yezinto ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu be-atmospheric, ukufuma okuphantsi, kunye nesantya somoya, nto leyo ephazamisa umgangatho okanye ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi entsha okanye eqinile yolu hlobo lwemozulu. Ihlobo kwilizwe lam lidla ngokuba lelona xesha lokwakha iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zokwakha. Ukwakhiwa kwimozulu eshushu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomswakama ophantsi, ngokukodwa inxalenye yodaka emva kodonga inokubonakaliswa kwilanga, okuya kuchaphazela ukuxuba okutsha kunye nokuqina kodaka oluxutywe lukhuni. Imiphumo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni njengokunciphisa ukusebenza, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla. Indlela yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wodaka oluxubeneyo elomileyo kulwakhiwo lwemozulu eshushu luye lwatsala ingqalelo kunye nophando lwamagcisa oshishino lodaka kunye nabasebenzi bokwakha.

Kweli phepha, indlela yokusingqongileyo yokulinganisa isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka oluxutywe ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether kunye needigri ezahlukeneyo zokutshintshwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-molar kwi-45.℃, kunye ne-software yezibalo isetyenziswe i-JMP8.02 ihlalutya idatha yokuvavanya ukufunda impembelelo ye-cellulose ethers eyahlukeneyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka phantsi kweemeko ezishushu.

1. Imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neendlela zokuvavanya

1.1 Iimathiriyeli ekrwada

I-Conch P. 042.5 Cement, i-50-100 mesh quartz sand, i-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ether (HEMC) kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC) ene-viscosity ye-40000mPa·s. Ukuze ugweme impembelelo yamanye amacandelo, uvavanyo luthatha ifomula yodaka olulula, kubandakanywa i-samente ye-30%, i-0.2% ye-cellulose ether, kunye ne-69.8% yesanti ye-quartz, kunye nomthamo wamanzi ongezelelweyo yi-19% ye-formula yodaka lulonke. Zombini zizilinganiselo zobunzima.

1.2 Indlela yokulinganisa okusingqongileyo

Isixhobo sovavanyo sendlela yokulinganisa indalo sisebenzisa izibane ze-iodine-tungsten, iifeni, kunye namagumbi okusingqongileyo ukulinganisa ubushushu bangaphandle, ukufuma, kunye nesantya somoya, njl.njl., ukuvavanya umahluko kumgangatho wodaka olutsha oluxutywe phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, kunye vavanya ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka. Kolu vavanyo, indlela yokuvavanya kuncwadi iphuculwe, kwaye ikhomputha iqhagamshelwe kwibhalansi yokurekhoda ngokuzenzekelayo kunye novavanyo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa impazamo yovavanyo.

Uvavanyo lwenziwa kwilebhu eqhelekileyo [iqondo lobushushu (23±2)°C, ukufuma okuhambelanayo (50±3)%] usebenzisa umaleko wesiseko ongafunxisiyo (isitya seplastiki esinobubanzi bangaphakathi obuyi-88mm) kwiqondo lobushushu le-45°C. Indlela yovavanyo yile ilandelayo:

(1) Xa i-fan icinyiwe, vula isibane se-iodine-tungsten, kwaye ubeke isitya seplastiki kwindawo esisigxina ngokuthe nkqo ngaphantsi kwesibane se-iodine-tungsten ukutshisa i-1 h;

(2) Beka umlinganiselo wesitya seplastiki, uze ubeke udaka oluxutyiweyo kwisitya seplastiki, usigudise ngokobungqingqwa obufunekayo, uze usilinganise;

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2. Iziphumo kunye nengxoxo

Iziphumo zokubala zezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi i-R0 yodaka exutywe kunye ne-ethers ye-cellulose eyahlukeneyo emva kokukhanya kwe-45°C ngemizuzu engama-30.

Idatha yovavanyo engentla yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa imveliso ye-JMP8.02 yeqela le-software ye-statistical SAS Company, ukuze kufumaneke iziphumo zohlalutyo oluthembekileyo. Inkqubo yohlalutyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

2.1 Uhlahlelo lokuhlehla kunye nokufaneleka

Ukulinganisa imodeli kwenziwa ngezikwere ezincinci eziqhelekileyo. Uthelekiso phakathi kwexabiso elilinganisiweyo kunye nexabiso eliqikelelweyo libonisa ukuvavanywa kwemodeli yokulinganisa, kwaye iboniswa ngokupheleleyo ngegraphic. Iigophe ezimbini ezidayiweyo zimele "i-95% yexesha lokuzithemba", kwaye umgca othe tye odayiweyo ubonisa ixabiso eliphakathi kwayo yonke idatha. Igophe elidayiweyo kunye ne-intersection yemigca ethe tye edayiweyo ibonisa ukuba imodeli ye-pseudo-stage iqhelekile.

Amaxabiso awodwa kwisishwankathelo esifanelekileyo kunye ne-ANOVA. Kwisishwankathelo esifanelekileyo, iR² ifikelele kwi-97%, kwaye ixabiso le-P kuhlalutyo lokuhluka lalingaphantsi kwe-0.05. Ukudityaniswa kwezi meko zimbini kubonisa ngakumbi ukuba imodeli efanelekileyo ibalulekile.

2.2 Uhlahlelo lwemiba enempembelelo

Ngaphakathi kolu vavanyo, phantsi kwemeko yemizuzu engama-30 yokukhanya, izinto ezifanelekileyo zempembelelo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngokwemiba enye, ixabiso le-p elifunyenwe ngohlobo lwe-cellulose ether kunye ne-molar substitution degree yonke ingaphantsi kwe-0.05 , ebonisa ukuba okwesibini Le yokugqibela inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka. Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzisaneni, ukusuka kwiziphumo zovavanyo lweziphumo zohlalutyo olufanelekileyo lwempembelelo yohlobo lwe-cellulose ether, iqondo lokutshintshwa (Ds) kunye neqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-molar (MS) kugcino lwamanzi lodaka, uhlobo lwe-ether ye-cellulose kunye neqondo lokutshintshwa, Intsebenziswano phakathi kweqondo lokutshintshwa kunye neqondo le-molar yokutshintshwa kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka, kuba i-p-values ​​zombini ingaphantsi kwe-0.05. Ukusebenzisana kwezinto kubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisana kwezinto ezimbini kuchazwe ngakumbi nge-intuitive. Umnqamlezo ubonisa ukuba ezi zimbini zinonxibelelwano oluqinileyo, kwaye ukuhambelana kubonisa ukuba ezi zimbini zinonxibelelwano olubuthathaka. Kumzobo wokusebenzisana kwezinto, thatha indawoα apho udidi oluthe nkqo kunye nenqanaba elisecaleni lisebenzisana njengomzekelo, amacandelo emigca emibini ayanqumlana, ebonisa ukuba unxulumano phakathi kodidi kunye neqondo lokuthatha indawo lomelele, nakwindawo b apho uhlobo oluthe nkqo kunye nenqanaba lemola elisecaleni lokutshintsha. ukusebenzisana , amacandelo emigca emibini athande ukuhambelana, ebonisa ukuba ulungelelwaniso phakathi kohlobo kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-molar buthathaka.

2.3 Uqikelelo lokugcinwa kwamanzi

Ngokusekwe kwimodeli efanelekileyo, ngokwempembelelo ebanzi yee-ethers ze-cellulose ezahlukeneyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka, ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka kuqikelelwa yi-software ye-JMP, kwaye indibaniselwano yeparameter yokugcinwa kwamanzi okusemgangathweni kufunyenwe. Ukuqikelelwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi kubonisa indibaniselwano yogcino lwamanzi oludaka olungcono kunye nendlela yophuhliso, oko kukuthi, i-HEMC ingcono kune-HPMC ngokuthelekisa uhlobo, ukutshintshwa okuphakathi kunye nokuphantsi kungcono kunokutshintshwa okuphezulu, kwaye ukutshintshwa okuphakathi kunye nokuphezulu kungcono kunokutshintshwa okuphantsi. endaweni ye-molar, kodwa Akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini kule ndibaniselwano. Isishwankathelo, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ethers enedigri ephantsi yokutshintsha kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokutshintsha kwe-molar ibonise ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka kwi-45.℃. Ngaphantsi kolu kudibanisa, ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lokugcinwa kwamanzi elinikezwe yinkqubo yi-0.611736±0.014244.

3. Isiphelo

(1) Njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo, uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether lunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka, kwaye i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) ingcono kune-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Kubonisa ukuba umahluko kuhlobo lokutshintshwa kuya kukhokelela kumahluko ekugcinweni kwamanzi. Ngexesha elifanayo, uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether lusebenzisana neqondo lokutshintshwa.

(2) Njengomba obalulekileyo onempembelelo, iqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-molar ye-cellulose ether liyehla, kwaye ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwidaka kuthanda ukuhla. Oku kubonisa ukuba njengoko ityathanga elisecaleni leqela le-cellulose ether substituent liqhubeka lifumana impendulo ye-etherification kunye neqela le-hydroxyl yasimahla, kuya kukhokelela kumahluko kugcino lwamanzi lodaka.

(3) Iqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-cellulose ethers lisebenzisana nohlobo kunye neqondo le-molar yokutshintshwa. Phakathi kweqondo lokutshintshwa kunye nohlobo, kwimeko yezinga eliphantsi lokutshintshwa, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-HEMC kungcono kune-HPMC; kwimeko yezinga eliphezulu lokutshintshwa, umehluko phakathi kwe-HEMC kunye ne-HPMC ayinkulu. Ukusebenzelana phakathi kweqondo lokutshintshwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-molar, kwimeko yeqondo eliphantsi lokutshintshwa, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwiqondo eliphantsi le-molar yokutshintshwa kubhetele kunolo lweqondo eliphezulu le-molar yokutshintshwa; Umahluko awukho mkhulu.

(4) Udaka oluxutywe kunye ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kunye neqondo eliphantsi lokutshintshwa kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokutshintshwa kwe-molar libonise ukugcinwa kwamanzi kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezishushu. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokuchaza isiphumo sohlobo lwe-cellulose ether, iqondo lokutshintshwa kunye neqondo le-molar lokutshintshwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, umba we-mechanistic kulo mba usafuna ukufundwa ngakumbi.