I-Cellulose Ether kwishishini lePhepha

Eli phepha lazisa iintlobo, iindlela zokulungiselela, iimpawu zokusebenza kunye nesimo sokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ethers kwishishini lokwenza iphepha, libeka phambili ezinye iintlobo ezintsha ze-cellulose ethers kunye nethemba lophuhliso, kwaye lixoxa ngesicelo sabo kunye nophuhliso lwendlela yokwenza iphepha.

Amagama angundoqo:i-cellulose ether; ukusebenza; ishishini lamaphepha

I-cellulose yi-polymer compound yendalo, isakhiwo sayo sekhemikhali yi-polysaccharide macromolecule ene-anhydrous.β-i-glucose njengendandatho yesiseko, kwaye isiseko ngasinye sineqela eliphambili le-hydroxyl kunye neqela lesibini le-hydroxyl. Ngokuguqulwa kwayo kweekhemikhali, uchungechunge lwe-cellulose derivatives lunokufumaneka. Indlela yokulungiselela i-cellulose ether kukusabela i-cellulose kunye ne-NaOH, emva koko iqhube i-etherification reaction kunye ne-reactants ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-methyl chloride, i-ethylene oxide, i-propylene oxide, njl. imveliso. I-cellulose ether yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo eziphuma kwi-cellulose, enokuthi isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumayeza kunye nococeko, ishishini lemichiza yemihla ngemihla, ukwenza iphepha, ukutya, amayeza, ukwakhiwa, izinto kunye namanye amashishini. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe angaphandle aye alugqala njengolubalulekileyo uphando lwayo, yaye kuye kwaphunyezwa okuninzi ekusetyenzisweni kophando olusisiseko, ukusetyenziswa kwemiphumo eluncedo, nolungiselelo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abanye abantu base-China baye baqala ngokuthe ngcembe ukubandakanyeka kuphando lwalo mba, kwaye baye baqala ukufumana iziphumo ezithile ekusebenzeni kwemveliso. Ngoko ke, ukuphuhliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwemithombo yezinto eziphilayo ezinokuhlaziywa kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wephepha kunye nokusebenza. Luhlobo olutsha lwezongezo zokwenza iphepha elifanele ukuphuhliswa.

1. Ukuhlelwa kunye neendlela zokulungiselela i-cellulose ethers

Ulwahlulo lwe-cellulose ethers luhlulwe ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezi-4 ngokwe-ionicity.

1.1 I-Nonionic Cellulose Ether

Non-ionic cellulose ether ubukhulu becala cellulose alkyl ether, kwaye indlela yokulungiselela yayo kusabela cellulose nge NaOH, kwaye emva koko ukuphumeza reaction etherification kunye monomers ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo ezifana monochloromethane, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, njl. ityuwa ephuma kwimveliso yetyuwa kunye nesodium yeselulosi, ingakumbi imethyl cellulose ether, imethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl Cellulose ether kunye nehydroxybutyl cellulose ether zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

1.2 I-Anionic cellulose ether

I-anionic cellulose ethers ikakhulu yi-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose kunye ne-sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Indlela yokulungisa kukusabela i-cellulose kunye ne-NaOH kwaye emva koko uqhube i-ether nge-chloroacetic acid, i-ethylene oxide kunye ne-propylene oxide. Ukusabela kweMichiza, kwaye emva koko kufunyenwe ngokuhlamba ityuwa ephuma kwimveliso kunye neselulosi yesodium.

1.3 I-Cationic Cellulose Ether

I-Cationic i-cellulose ethers ikakhulu ibandakanya i-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride cellulose ether, elungiswa ngokusabela i-cellulose nge-NaOH kwaye emva koko isabela nge-agent etherifying ye-cationic 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl i-Trimethyl ammonium chloride okanye i-etherification reaction kunye ne-propylene oxide, kwaye emva koko ifunyenwe ngokuhlamba ityuwa ephuma kwimveliso kunye ne-sodium cellulose.

1.4 I-Zwitterionic Cellulose Etere

Itsheyini yemolekyuli ye-zwitterionic cellulose ether inamaqela amabini e-anionic kunye namaqela e-cationic. Indlela yayo yokulungiselela ukusabela kwi-cellulose kunye ne-NaOH kwaye emva koko iphendule nge-monochloroacetic acid kunye ne-cationic etherification agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl I-Trimethylammonium chloride i-etherified, kwaye ifunyenwe ngokuhlamba ityuwa yemveliso kunye ne-sodium cellulose.

2. Ukusebenza kunye neempawu ze-cellulose ether

2.1 Ukwenziwa kwefilimu kunye nokunamathela

I-etherification ye-cellulose ether inempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu zayo kunye neempawu, ezifana nokunyibilika, ukukwazi ukwenza ifilimu, amandla okubambisana kunye nokuxhathisa ityuwa. I-ether ye-cellulose inamandla amakhulu omatshini, ukuguquguquka, ukuxhathisa ukushisa kunye nokuchasana nokubanda, kwaye inokuhambelana kakuhle kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-resin kunye ne-plasticizers, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastiki, iifilimu, i-varnishes, i-adhesives, i-latex kunye nezixhobo zokugqoka iziyobisi, njl.

2.2 Ukunyibilika

I-ether ye-cellulose inonyibiliko olulungileyo lwamanzi ngenxa yobukho bamaqela e-polyhydroxyl, kwaye inokukhethwa kwe-solvent eyahlukileyo kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo. I-Methylcellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, ayinyibiliki emanzini ashushu, kwaye iyanyibilika kwezinye izinyibilikisi; I-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, ayinyibiliki emanzini ashushu kunye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa isisombululo se-aqueous se-methylcellulose kunye ne-methylhydroxyethylcellulose sishushu, i-methylcellulose kunye ne-methylhydroxyethylcellulose iya kudlula. I-Methyl cellulose iyancipha kwi-45-60°C, ngelixa ubushushu bemvula ye-etherified etherified methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yonyuka ukuya kuma-65-80°C. Xa iqondo lobushushu lithotyiwe, imvula iyaphinda inyibilike. I-Hydroxyethylcellulose kunye ne-sodium carboxymethylcellulose zinyibilika emanzini nakweliphi na iqondo lobushushu kwaye azinyibiliki kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic (ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa). Ukusebenzisa le propati, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-oyile kunye nezixhobo zefilimu ezinyibilikayo zinokulungiswa.

2.3 Ukujiya

I-cellulose ether iyachithwa emanzini ngendlela ye-colloid, i-viscosity yayo ixhomekeke kwiqondo le-polymerization ye-cellulose ether, kwaye isisombululo siqulethe i-macromolecules e-hydrated. Ngenxa yokubanjiswa kwee-macromolecules, indlela yokuhamba kwezisombululo iyahluka kuleyo ye-Newtonian fluids, kodwa ibonisa ukuziphatha okutshintsha ngamandla okucheba. Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-macromolecular ye-cellulose ether, i-viscosity yesisombululo ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngokunyuka koxinzelelo kwaye iyancipha ngokukhawuleza ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Ngokweempawu zayo, i-cellulose ethers ezifana ne-carboxymethyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose zingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezityebisayo kwiikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, ii-agent ezigcina amanzi kwiingubo zephepha, kunye ne-thickeners yokwaleka kwezakhiwo.

2.4 Ukuthotywa

Xa i-cellulose ether ichitheka kwinqanaba lamanzi, ibhaktheriya iya kukhula, kwaye ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kuya kukhokelela ekuveliseni i-enzyme enzyme. I-enzyme yophula iibhondi zeyunithi ye-anhydroglucose engafakwanga ecaleni kwe-ether ye-cellulose, inciphisa ubunzima bemolekyuli bepolymer. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-cellulose ether isisombululo se-aqueous kufuneka sigcinwe ixesha elide, i-preservatives kufuneka yongezwe kuyo, kwaye amanyathelo athile okubulala amagciwane kufuneka athathwe nakwi-cellulose ethers eneempawu zokulwa ne-antibacterial.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kushishino lwephepha

3.1 I-arhente yokomeleza amaphepha

Umzekelo, i-CMC ingasetyenziswa njenge-fiber dispersant kunye ne-agent yokomeleza iphepha, enokongezwa kwi-pulp. Ekubeni i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose inentlawulo efanayo ne-pulp kunye ne-fiber particles, inokunyusa ukulingana kwefiber. Impembelelo yokudibanisa phakathi kweentsinga ingaphuculwa, kwaye izikhombisi zomzimba ezifana namandla okuqina, amandla okuqhuma, kunye nokulingana kwephepha kunokuphuculwa. Umzekelo, Longzhu kunye nabanye basebenzisa 100% bleached sulfite iinkuni, 20% talcum umgubo, 1% saa iglu rosin, ukulungelelanisa ixabiso pH ukuya 4.5 sulfate aluminiyam, kwaye usebenzise viscosity eliphezulu CMC (viscosity 800 ~ 1200MPA.S) Isidanga yokutshintshwa yi-0.6. Inokubonwa ukuba iCMC inokuphucula ukomelela kwephepha kwaye iphucule iqondo layo lokulinganisa.

3.2 I-arhente yokulinganisa umphezulu

I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokulinganisa umphezulu wephepha ukuphucula ukomelela komphezulu wephepha. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokunyusa amandla omphezulu malunga ne-10% xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwangoku kwe-polyvinyl yotywala kunye ne-agent yokulinganisa isitatshi esilungisiweyo, kwaye idosi inokwehliswa malunga ne-30%. Yiarhente yokulinganisa umphezulu othembisayo yokwenza iphepha, kwaye olu luhlu lweentlobo ezintsha kufuneka luphuhliswe ngokusebenzayo. I-Cationic cellulose ether inomsebenzi ongcono wokulinganisa umphezulu kunesitatshi secationic. Ayinakuphucula kuphela amandla omphezulu wephepha, kodwa iphinde iphucule ukusebenza kwe-inki yokufunxa iphepha kunye nokwandisa umphumo wokudaya. Ikwangummeli othembisayo wokulinganisa umphezulu. U-Mo Lihuan kunye nabanye basebenzise i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose kunye nesitatshi esixutywe ne-oxidized ukwenza iimvavanyo zobungakanani bomphezulu ephepheni nakwikhadibhodi. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-CMC inesiphumo esifanelekileyo sokulinganisa umphezulu.

I-Methyl carboxymethyl cellulose isodiyam inomsebenzi othile wokulinganisa, kwaye i-carboxymethyl cellulose sodium ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokulinganisa ipulp. Ukongeza kwiqondo layo lokulinganisa, i-cationic cellulose ether ingasetyenziswa njenge-papermaking aid aid Filter, ukuphucula izinga lokugcinwa kweefiber ezintle kunye nezihluzi, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokomeleza iphepha.

3.3 I-Emulsion stabilizer

I-cellulose ether isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekulungiseleleni i-emulsion ngenxa yesiphumo sayo esihle sokuqina kwisisombululo samanzi, esinokunyusa i-viscosity ye-emulsion dispersion medium kunye nokukhusela i-emulsion precipitation kunye ne-stratification. Okufana ne-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, njl. ether, njl Longzhu et al. wasebenzisa 100% bleached sulfite iinkuni pulp, 20% talcum umgubo, 1% saa iglu rosin, uhlengahlengiso ixabiso pH ukuya 4.5 kunye sulfate aluminiyam, kwaye wasebenzisa viscosity eliphezulu CMC (viscosity 800 ~ 12000MPA.S). Iqondo lokuthatha indawo yi-0.6, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa kwangaphakathi. Inokubonwa kwiziphumo ukuba iqondo lokulinganisa irabha yerosin equlathe i-CMC ngokucacileyo iphuculwe, kwaye ukuzinza kwe-emulsion yerosin kulungile, kwaye izinga lokugcinwa kwezinto zerabha nalo liphezulu.

3.4 I-arhente yokugcina amanzi yokugquma

Isetyenziselwa ukutyabeka kunye nokucubungula iphepha lokugubungela i-binder, i-cyanoethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, njl. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether ingasetyenziswa njenge-pigment dispersant, i-thickener, i-agent yokugcina amanzi kunye ne-stabilizer. Ngokomzekelo, inani le-carboxymethyl cellulose elisetyenziswe njenge-agent egcina amanzi ekulungiseleleni iingubo zephepha ezifakwe kwi-1-2%.

4. Uphuhliso lweTrendi yeCellulose Etere esetyenziswa kuShishino lwamaPhepha

Ukusetyenziswa kokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali ukufumana i-cellulose derivatives kunye nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yindlela esebenzayo yokufuna ukusetyenziswa okutsha kweyona mveliso inkulu yehlabathi ye-organic organic matter-cellulose. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-cellulose derivatives kunye nemisebenzi ebanzi, kunye ne-cellulose ethers iye yasetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeshishini lephepha, uphuhliso lwe-cellulose ether kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo le mikhwa ilandelayo:

(1) Phuhlisa iimveliso zokucaciswa kwe-cellulose ethers ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo zeshishini lephepha, njengeemveliso zochungechunge ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo okutshintshwa, ii-viscosities ezahlukeneyo, kunye nobunzima obuhlukeneyo be-molecular, ukukhethwa kwimveliso yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zephepha.

(2) Ukuphuhliswa kweentlobo ezintsha ze-cellulose ethers kufuneka kwandiswe, ezifana ne-cationic cellulose ethers ezifanelekileyo zokugcina iphepha kunye ne-drainage aid, ii-agent zokulinganisa umphezulu, kunye ne-zwitterionic cellulose ethers ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe njengee-agent zokuqinisa ukutshintshela i-latex ye-cyanoethyl cellulose ether. kunye nokunye okufana nomdibanisi.

(3) Ukuqinisa uphando malunga nenkqubo yokulungiselela i-cellulose ether kunye nendlela entsha yokulungiselela, ngakumbi uphando ekunciphiseni iindleko kunye nokwenza lula inkqubo.

(4) Ukuqinisa uphando kwiipropati ze-cellulose ethers, ngokukodwa iipropati zokwenza ifilimu, iipropati zokubambisana kunye neepropati ezixubileyo ze-cellulose ethers ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuqinisa uphando lwethiyori malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ethers ekwenzeni iphepha.