I-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder kwi-mortar yorhwebo

Imbali yophuhliso lodaka lwezorhwebo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ichazwa ngokufutshane, kunye nemisebenzi yeepolymer ezimbini zomgubo owomileyo, i-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder, kudaka lwezorhwebo oluxutyiweyo kuxoxwa ngalo, kubandakanywa nokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukufunxwa kwamanzi e-capillary, kunye namandla okuguquguquka udaka. , amandla acinezelayo, imodyuli elastiki, kunye nempembelelo yokuqina kokuqina kwebhondi yonyango olwahlukileyo lobushushu bokusingqongileyo.

Amagama angundoqo: udaka lwezorhwebo; imbali yophuhliso; iimpawu zomzimba kunye noomatshini; i-cellulose ether; umgubo welatex; isiphumo

Udaka lwezorhwebo kufuneka lube nenkqubo yophuhliso lokuqala, impumelelo kunye nokugcwala njengekhonkrithi yorhwebo. Umbhali ucetywayo kwi-"China Building Materials" kwi-1995 ukuba uphuhliso kunye nokukhuthazwa e-China kusenokuba yingcamango, kodwa namhlanje, udaka lwezorhwebo luyaziwa ngabantu abakushishino njengekhonkrithi yezorhwebo, kwaye imveliso e-China iqalile ukumila. . Kakade ke, iseyeyabantwana. Udaka lwezorhwebo lwahlulahlulwe lwaba ngamacandelo amabini: udaka oluxutywe ngaphambili (olulomileyo) kunye nodaka olulungelelanisiweyo. Udaka oluxutyiweyo (olulomileyo) lukwaziwa ngokuba ngumgubo owomileyo, umxube owomileyo, udaka olomileyo lomgubo okanye udaka lomxube owomileyo. Yenziwe ngezinto zesamente, iiaggregates ezintle, imixube kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo. Ingumdaka ogqityiweyo owenziwe ngezithako ezichanekileyo kunye nokuxuba okufanayo kumzi-mveliso, ngaphandle kokuxuba amanzi. Ukuxuba amanzi kongezwa xa ushukunyiswa kwindawo yokwakha ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Ukwahluke kudaka oluxutywe ngaphambili (olulomileyo), udaka olulungelelanisiweyo lubhekiselele kumdaka oxutywe ngokupheleleyo kumzi-mveliso, kubandakanywa nokuxuba amanzi. Olu daka lunokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo xa luthuthwa lusiwa kwindawo yokwakha.

I-China yaphuhlisa ngamandla udaka lwezorhwebo ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990. Namhlanje, iphuhliselwe kumakhulu ezityalo zemveliso, kwaye abavelisi basasazwa ikakhulu eBeijing, eShanghai, eGuangzhou nakwiindawo ezingqongileyo. IShanghai yindawo eye yaphuhlisa udaka lwemveliso ngaphambili. Kwi-2000, i-Shanghai yayibhengeze kwaye yasebenzisa umgangatho wendawo yase-Shanghai "Imigaqo yoBuchule boMveliso kunye nokuSetyenziswa koMdaka oFanelekileyo" kunye "neMimiselo yobuGcisa yoMveliso kunye nokuSetyenziswa koMdaka oLungileyo". ISaziso ngodaka oluLungileyo (loRhwebo), esichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ukususela ngo-2003 ukuya phambili, zonke iiprojekthi zolwakhiwo ezitsha ngaphakathi kweRing Road ziya kusebenzisa udaka oluxutyiweyo (lorhwebo), kwaye ukususela ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari ka-2004, zonke iiprojekthi zokwakha ezintsha eShanghai ziya kusebenzisa udaka oluxutyiweyo. sebenzisa udaka olusele luxutywe (lorhwebo). ) udaka, owona mgaqo-nkqubo wokuqala kunye nommiselo kwilizwe lam ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kodaka olulungele ukuxuba (impahla). NgoJanuwari 2003, i "Shanghai Ready-Mixed (Commercial) Measures Management Certification Management Measures" yabhengezwa, ephumeza ulawulo lwesatifikethi kunye nolawulo lokuvunywa kodaka oluxutyiweyo (lorhwebo), kwaye yacacisa imveliso esele ixutywe (yorhwebo) amashishini odaka. kufuneka bafezekise iimeko zobuGcisa kunye neemeko zebhubhoratri ezisisiseko. NgoSeptemba 2004, iShanghai yakhupha "iSaziso seMithetho eMininzi ngokuSetyenziswa koMdaka oLungileyo oLungileyo kwiiProjekthi zoKwakha eShanghai". IBeijing ikwabhengeze kwaye iphumeze “iMimiselo yobuGcisa yokuVeliswa kunye nokuSetyenziswa kodaka lweMpahla”. I-Guangzhou kunye ne-Shenzhen nazo ziqulunqa kwaye zizalisekisa "iMimiselo yobuGcisa yokuSetyenziswa koMdaka oFanelekileyo" kunye ne "Technical Regulations for the Application of Ready-Mixed Mortar".

Ngophuhliso olwandayo lwemveliso yodaka oluxubeneyo oluxubeneyo kunye nesicelo, ngo-2002, i-China Bulk Cement Promotion and Development Association yabamba isemina yodaka oluxubeneyo. Ngo-Epreli ka-2004, i-China Bulk Cement Promotion and Development Association yaseka ikomiti yobungcali yodaka oluxutyiweyo. NgoJuni nangoSeptemba kwangalo nyaka mnye, iisemina zetekhnoloji zelizwe nezamazwe ngamazwe ezixutyiweyo zodaka zabanjwa eShanghai naseBeijing ngokulandelelanayo. NgoMatshi ka-2005, iSebe leMathiriyeli le-China Construction Industry Association nalo labamba intetho yesizwe malunga nokwakhiwa kodaka oluxubeneyo lobuchwephesha kunye nentlanganiso yotshintshiselwano yokukhuthaza kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nempumelelo emitsha. Isebe leZibonelelo zoKwakha le-Architectural Society yase-China liceba ukubamba iNkomfa yeSizwe yokuTshintshiselwa kweziFundo kwi-Commodity Mortar ngoNovemba ka-2005.

Njengekhonkrithi yorhwebo, udaka lwezorhwebo luneempawu zemveliso esembindini kunye nonikezelo olumanyeneyo, olunokudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokwamkela ubugcisa obutsha kunye nezixhobo, ukuphumeza ulawulo olungqongqo lwekhwalithi, ukuphucula iindlela zokwakha, kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho weprojekthi. Ukuphakama kodaka lwezorhwebo ngokubhekiselele kwikhwalithi, ukusebenza kakuhle, uqoqosho kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo njengoko kulindelwe kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ngophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokukhuthazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, kuye kwaboniswa ngokunyukayo kwaye kuqatshelwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Umbhali uhlala ekholelwa ukuba ukuphakama kodaka lwezorhwebo kunokushwankathelwa ngamagama amane: amaninzi, ngokukhawuleza, okulungileyo, kunye noqoqosho; Ukukhawuleza kuthetha ukulungiswa kwezinto ezikhawulezayo kunye nokwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza; ezintathu ezilungileyo kukugcina amanzi kakuhle, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuqina okulungileyo; amaphondo amane ngawonga abasebenzi, awonga izinto eziphathekayo, awonga imali, kwaye awanaxhala). Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kodaka lwezorhwebo kunokufikelela kulwakhiwo oluphucukileyo, kuncitshiswe indawo zokupakisha izinto eziphathekayo, kwaye kunqande ukubhabha kothuli, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokukhusela inkangeleko yesixeko.

Umahluko kwikhonkrithi yorhwebo kukuba udaka lwezorhwebo luxutywa kakhulu (omileyo) udaka, oluqulunqwe ngezinto eziqinileyo, kunye ne-admixture esetyenziswayo ngokubanzi ngumgubo oqinileyo. Iipolymer-based powders zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yipolymer powders ezomileyo. Olunye udaka oluxutywe (omileyo) luxutywe neendidi ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe zepolymer eyomileyo yomgubo, kunye nepolymer eyomileyo yomgubo idlala indima eyahlukileyo. Eli nqaku lithatha uhlobo olulodwa lwe-cellulose ether kunye nolunye uhlobo lwe-latex powder njengemizekelo yokubonisa indima yepolymer eyomileyo yomgubo kwi-premixed (omileyo) udaka. Enyanisweni, esi siphumo sifanelekile naluphi na udaka lwezorhwebo olubandakanya udaka olulungeleyo.

1. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi

Ugcino lwamanzi lodaka lubonakaliswa ngesantya sokugcinwa kwamanzi. Izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi libhekiselele kumlinganiselo wamanzi agcinwe ngudaka olusanda kuxutywa emva kokuba iphepha lokucoca lifunxe amanzi kumxholo wamanzi. Ukunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether kunokuphucula ngokuphawulekayo izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka olutsha. Ukunyuka komthamo we-latex powder kunokuphucula kakhulu izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka oluxutywe ngokutsha, kodwa umphumo ungaphantsi kakhulu kune-cellulose ether. Xa i-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder zidityaniswe kunye, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka olusanda kuxutywa luphezulu kunodaka oluxutywe ne-cellulose ether okanye i-latex powder yodwa. Umyinge wogcino lwamanzi wokudityaniswa komdibaniso luphawu oluphezulu lokudityaniswa kwepolima enye.

2. Ukufunxwa kwamanzi eCapillary

Ukusuka kubudlelwane phakathi komlinganiso wokufunxa amanzi wodaka kunye nomxholo we-cellulose ether, kunokubonwa ukuba emva kokongeza i-cellulose ether, i-coefficient yokufunxa amanzi e-capillary yodaka iba yincinci, kwaye ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether, I-coefficient yokufunxa amanzi yodaka olulungisiweyo iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Incinci. Ukusuka kubudlelwane phakathi komlinganiso wokufunxa amanzi wodaka kunye nomthamo we-latex powder, kunokubonwa ukuba emva kokongeza i-latex powder, i-capillary water absorption coefficient yodaka nayo iba yincinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-coefficient yokufunxa amanzi yodaka iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka komxholo we-latex powder.

3. Amandla e-Flexural

Ukongezwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose kunciphisa amandla e-flexural yodaka. Ukongezwa kwe-latex powder kwandisa amandla e-flexural yodaka. I-latex powder kunye ne-cellulose ether idibaniswe, kwaye amandla e-flexural yodaka olutshintshiweyo alutshintshi kakhulu ngenxa yempembelelo edibeneyo yezi zimbini.

4. Amandla acinezelayo

Ngokufana nomphumo kumandla we-flexural of mortar, ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunciphisa amandla oxinzelelo lomdaka, kwaye ukunciphisa kukhulu. Kodwa xa umxholo we-cellulose ether udlula ixabiso elithile, amandla oxinzelelo odaka olulungisiweyo aluyi kutshintsha kakhulu.

Xa i-latex powder ixutywe yodwa, amandla anyanzeliswayo odaka olulungisiweyo lubonisa ukwehla komgangatho kunye nokunyuka komxholo we-latex powder. I-latex powder kunye ne-cellulose ether edibeneyo, kunye nokuguqulwa komxholo we-latex powder, ukuhla kwexabiso lamandla oxinzelelo lwe-mortar kuncinci.

5. Imodyuli ye-elasticity

Ngokufana nefuthe le-cellulose ether kumandla aguquguqukayo odaka, ukongezwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose kunciphisa imodyuli eguquguqukayo yodaka, kwaye ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether, imodyuli eguquguqukayo yodaka iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Xa umxholo we-cellulose ether mkhulu, imodyuli eguquguqukayo yodaka itshintsha kancinci ngokunyuka komxholo wayo.

Umkhwa wokuguquguquka kwemodyuli eguquguqukayo yodaka kunye nomxholo we-latex powder ufana nomkhwa wamandla oxinzelelo lwe-mortar kunye nomxholo we-latex powder. Xa i-latex powder yongezwa yodwa, imodyuli eguquguqukayo yodaka oluguquliweyo iphinda ibonise umkhwa wokuncipha kokuqala kwaye inyuke kancinane, kwaye iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka komxholo we-latex powder. Xa i-latex powder kunye ne-cellulose ether idibaniswe, i-modulus eguquguqukayo yodaka iyancipha kancane ngokunyuka kwe-latex powder content, kodwa uluhlu lwenguqu alukho lukhulu.

6. Bond tensile amandla

Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga (inkcubeko yomoya-inyangekile kubushushu obuqhelekileyo bomoya kangangeentsuku ezingama-28; inkcubeko exutyiweyo-inyangelwe kubushushu obuqhelekileyo bomoya kangangeentsuku ezisi-7, ilandelwa ziintsuku ezingama-21 emanzini; inkcubeko engumkhenkce exutywe nenkcubeko kangangeentsuku ezingama-28 kunye nemijikelo yokunyibilikisa eyi-25 ; inkcubeko yokufudumala kwenkcubeko yomoya kwiintsuku ze-14 Emva kokuyibeka kwi-70°C ye-7d), ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla okuqina adibeneyo odaka kunye nesixa se-cellulose ether. Ingabonwa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunenzuzo ekuphuculeni amandla adibeneyo obunzima bodaka lwesamente; nangona kunjalo, iqondo lokunyuka kumandla okuqina adibeneyo ahlukile phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga. Emva kokudibanisa i-3% yomgubo welatex, ukomelela kokuqina kokuqina phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga kunokuphuculwa kakhulu.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuqina kwebhondi yodaka kunye nomxholo we-latex powder phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga. Ingabonwa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-latex powder kulungeleka ngakumbi ekuphuculeni amandla okuqina kwebhondi yodaka, kodwa isixa esongezelelweyo sikhulu kune-cellulose ether.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igalelo lepolymer kwiipropati zodaka emva kokutshintsha okukhulu kweqondo lokushisa. Emva kwemijikelo engama-25 yokunyibilika komkhenkce, xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu obuqhelekileyo bokunyanga umoya kunye neemeko zokuphilisa ezixutyiweyo zomoya-moya, amaxabiso okuqina okubambisayo kuwo onke amabakala odaka lwesamente ancitshiswe kakhulu. Ngokukodwa kudaka oluqhelekileyo, ixabiso layo lamandla e-tensile lehle laya kutsho kwi-0.25MPa; kwipolima eyomileyo yomgubo wesamente eguqulwe ngodaka, nangona amandla okuqina okubopha emva komjikelo wokunyibilika komkhenkce nawo wehlile kakhulu, iphantse yahlala kwi-0.5MPa ngaphezulu. Ngokunyuka komxholo we-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder, i-bond tensile energy loss loss rate yodaka lwesamente emva kwemijikelezo ye-freeze-thaw ibonisa ukwehla. Oku kubonisa ukuba zombini i-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder inokuphucula ukusebenza komjikelo wokunyibilika komkhenkce wodaka lwesamente, kwaye phakathi koluhlu oluthile lwedosi, ubukhulu bedosi yepolymer eyomileyo yomgubo, ingcono ukusebenza komkhenkce wokunyibilika kodaka lwesamente. Amandla adityanisiweyo obunzima bodaka lwesamente olulungiswe yi-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder emva kwemijikelo yokunyibilika komkhenkce mkhulu kunodaka lwesamente oluguqulwe ngenye yepolymer engumgubo owomileyo wodwa, kunye ne-cellulose ether Ikhompawundi edibanisa ne-latex powder yenza i-bond tensile amandla isantya sokuphulukana nodaka lwesamente encinci emva komjikelo wokunyibilika komkhenkce.

Eyona nto iphawuleka ngakumbi kukuba phantsi kweemeko zokunyanga ubushushu obuphezulu, amandla okuqina adityanisiweyo odaka lwesamente oluguquliweyo asakhula ngokunyuka kwe-cellulose ether okanye umxholo we powder latex, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zokunyanga umoya kunye neemeko ezixubileyo zokunyanga. Isezantsi kakhulu, nangaphantsi kuneemeko zomjikelo womkhenkce. Ibonisa ukuba imozulu yokushisa ephezulu yimeko embi kakhulu yokusebenza kwebhondi. Xa ixutywe ne-0-0.7% ye-cellulose ether yodwa, amandla okuqina omdaka phantsi kokunyangwa kobushushu obuphezulu awudluli kwi-0.5MPa. Xa i-latex powder ixutywe yodwa, ixabiso lamandla e-bonding tensile yodaka lwesamente olulungisiweyo lingaphezulu nje kwe-0.5 MPa xa ixabiso likhulu kakhulu (elifana ne-8%). Nangona kunjalo, xa i-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder idityanisiwe kwaye inani lezo zimbini zincinci, amandla okuqina okuxhamla kwi-samente yodaka phantsi kweemeko zokuphilisa ukushisa okukhulu kune-0.5 MPa. Ingabonwa ukuba i-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder nayo inokuphucula ukuqina kokuqina kodaka phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa, ukwenzela ukuba udaka lwesamente lube nokuzinza kweqondo lokushisa elihle kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokushisa okuphezulu, kwaye umphumo ubaluleke ngakumbi xa zimbini zidibene.

7. Isiphelo

Ukwakhiwa kweTshayina kukunyuka, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwezindlu luyanda unyaka nonyaka, lufikelela kwi-2 billion m² kulo nyaka, ubukhulu becala izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, iifektri kunye nolwakhiwo lweendawo zokuhlala, kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala ziba ngowona mlinganiselo mkhulu. Ukongezelela, kukho inani elikhulu lezindlu ezindala ezifuna ukulungiswa. Iimbono ezintsha, izixhobo ezitsha, itekhnoloji entsha, kunye nemigangatho emitsha ziyafuneka kulwakhiwo olutsha kunye nokulungiswa kwezindlu. Ngokutsho “kweSicwangciso seSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu seSicwangciso sokuGcinwa koMmandla kwiSebe lezoKwakha” esabhengezwa liSebe lezoKwakha ngoJuni 20, 2002, umsebenzi wokonga umbane wokwakha ngexesha “leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu” kufuneka uqhubeke ukonga. ukwakha amandla kunye nokuphucula imeko engqongileyo yobushushu kunye nohlaziyo eludongeni. Ngokusekwe kumgaqo wokudibanisa, umgangatho woyilo we-50% wokonga amandla kufuneka uphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo kwizakhiwo ezisanda kwakhiwa zokufudumeza izakhiwo zokuhlala kwizixeko ezikwiindawo ezibanda kakhulu nezibanda kakhulu emantla. Zonke ezi zifuna izixhobo zokuxhasa ezihambelanayo. Inani elikhulu lazo zixhobo zodaka, kubandakanywa iintsimbi zobumba, iintsimbi zokulungisa, iimbumba ezingangeni manzi, i-thermal insulation mortars, i-overlay mortars, i-mortars yomhlaba, i-adhesives yezitena, i-concrete interface agents, i-caulking mortars, ii-mortars ezikhethekileyo kwiinkqubo zokugquma udonga lwangaphandle, njl. ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wobunjineli kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza, udaka lwezorhwebo kufuneka luphuhliswe ngamandla. Ipolymer ipowder eyomileyo inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kwaye iindidi kunye nomthamo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwesicelo. Ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiinguqu ezinkulu kwiqondo lokushisa elihlala kwindawo, ngakumbi impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwebhondi yodaka xa imozulu iphezulu.