Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, imveliso yangoku ye-non-ionic cellulose ether ifikelele ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-500,000 kwihlabathi liphela, kwayeihydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMCakhawunti 80% yeetoni 400,000, China kule minyaka mibini yakutshanje, inani leenkampani ziye zandisa umthamo wemveliso ngokukhawuleza yandiswa ukuya umthamo wangoku malunga 180 000 iitoni, malunga 60 000 iitoni zokusetyenziswa yasekhaya, Kule, ngaphezu 550 million. iitoni zisetyenziswa kushishino kwaye malunga nama-70% asetyenziswa njengezongezo zokwakha.
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo kweemveliso, iimfuno zesalathiso sothuthu lwemveliso zinokuhluka, ukuze kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, umbutho wemveliso ngokweemfuno zeemodeli ezahlukeneyo ulungele isiphumo sokugcina amandla, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa. ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa.
1. Isiqulatho sothuthu lwe-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC kunye nefom ekhoyo
Imigangatho yomgangatho we-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) ebizwa ngokuba yi-ash kunye ne-pharmacopoeia ebizwa ngokuba yi-sulfate, eyile ntsalela evuthayo, inokuqondwa ngokulula njengobumdaka betyuwa obungaphili kwimveliso. Ikakhulu yinkqubo yokuvelisa ialkali eyomeleleyo (i-sodium hydroxide) ngokusabela kuhlengahlengiso lokugqibela lwe-pH kwityuwa engathathi hlangothi kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada yoqobo yesambuku yetyuwa yendalo.
Indlela yokumisela uthuthu olupheleleyo; Isixa esithile seesampulu sitshiswe kwiziko lobushushu obuphezulu emva kwecarbonization, ukuze izinto eziphilayo zixutywe kwaye ziboliswe, zibaleke ngendlela yecarbon dioxide, initrogen oxides namanzi, ngelixa izinto ezingaphiliyo zihlala zikwimo yesulfate, phosphate, carbonate. , ikloridi kunye nezinye iityuwa ezingaphiliyo kunye neeoksidi zetsimbi, ezi ntsalela ziluthuthu. Isiqulatho sothuthu esipheleleyo sesampulu singabalwa ngokulinganisa intsalela.
Ngokutsho inkqubo ekusetyenzisweni acid ezahlukeneyo kwaye uya kuvelisa ityuwa ezahlukeneyo: ikakhulu sodium chloride (ngokusabela ion chloride kwi chloromethane kunye nesodium hydroxide) kunye nezinye neutralization acid inokuvelisa acetate sodium, sulfide sodium okanye oxalate sodium.
2. Imfuno yesiqulatho sothuthu lwe-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
IHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukutyeba, emulsifying, ukwenza ifilimu, ukukhuselwa kwecolloid, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuncamathela, ukuxhathisa i-enzyme kunye ne-inertia ye-metabolic, njl. :
(1) Ukwakhiwa: indima ephambili kukugcina amanzi, ukuqina, i-viscosity, i-lubrication, ukuhamba kokuphucula i-samente kunye nokusebenza kwe-gypsum, ukupompa. Iingubo zokwakha, iingubo ze-latex zisetyenziswa ikakhulu njenge-colloid ekhuselayo, ifilimu yokwenza ifilimu, i-agent yokuqina kunye ne-pigment suspension aid.
(2) I-POLYvinyl chloride: isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-dispersant kwi-polymerization reaction ye-suspension polymerization system.
(3) iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla: zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengamanqaku akhuselayo, inokuphucula i-emulsification yemveliso, i-anti-enzyme, i-dispersion, i-bonding, i-surface umsebenzi, ifilimu yokwenza ifilimu, i-moisturizing, i-foam, i-foam, i-ejenti yokukhulula, i-softener, i-lubricant kunye nezinye iipropati;
(4) ishishini lamachiza: kwishishini lamachiza lisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yamalungiselelo, njengolungiselelo oluluqilima lwe-ejenti yokugquma, imathiriyeli ye-capsule ye-capsule engenanto, i-binder, kwisakhelo se-arhente yokukhululwa okuqhubekayo, ukwenza ifilimu, i-ejenti ebangela i-pore, njenge ulwelo, ukulungiswa kwe-semi-solid of thickening, emulsification, ukumiswa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-matrix;
(5) iiseramics: ezisetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokudibanisa kwishishini le-ceramic elingenanto, elisasaza umbala omenyezelayo;
(6) iphepha: ukusasazwa, ukufaka imibala, i-agent yokomeleza;
(7) Ushicilelo lwelaphu kunye nokudaya: ipulp yelaphu, umbala, iarhente yolwandiso lombala:
(8) kwimveliso yezolimo: esetyenziswa kwezolimo ukunyanga imbewu yezityalo, inokuphucula izinga lokuntshula, inokunyakamisa kwaye ithintele ukungunda, ukugcinwa kweziqhamo, ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo kwezichumisi zekhemikhali kunye nezibulali zinambuzane.
Ukususela kwingxelo yala mava esicelo sexesha elide kunye nesishwankathelo semigangatho yolawulo lwangaphakathi kwamanye amashishini angaphandle nasekhaya, kunokubonwa ukuba kuphela iimveliso ezithile zePVC polymerization kunye neemveliso zemichiza yemihla ngemihla zifuna ulawulo lwetyuwa <0.010, kunye ne-pharmacopoeia amazwe ahlukeneyo afuna ulawulo lwetyuwa <0.015. Kwaye okunye ukusetyenziswa kokulawulwa kwetyuwa kunokuba banzi, ngokukodwa iimveliso zebakala lokwakha ukongeza kwimveliso ye-putty, ityuwa yokwambathisa ineemfuno ezithile ngaphandle kokuphumla inokulawula ityuwa <0.05 inokuhlangabezana nokusetyenziswa.
3. Inkqubo ye-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC kunye nendlela yokuvelisa
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zemveliso ye-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC ekhaya naphesheya:
(1) Indlela yesigaba se-Liquid (indlela ye-slurry): i-pulverized cellulose powder ihlakazwe malunga namaxesha angama-10 e-solvent ye-organic kwi-reactors ethe nkqo kunye ne-horizontal ene-agitation enamandla, kwaye emva koko isisombululo se-alkali sobuninzi kunye ne-etherifying agent yongezwa ukusabela. Emva kokuphendula, imveliso egqityiweyo ihlanjwe, yomiswe, icolile kwaye ihlulwe ngamanzi ashushu.
(2) Indlela yesigaba segesi (indlela eqinileyo yerhasi) : ukusabela komgubo wecellulose ovuthululweyo kuqukunjelwa kwimo ephantse ibe semi-yomileyo ngokongeza ngokuthe ngqo ilye yobungakanani kunye ne-etherifying agent kunye nokubuyisela inani elincinci leemveliso ezibiliswa kancinci kwi ireactor ethe tyaba enesiphithiphithi esinamandla. Akukho mfuneko yokongeza i-solvent ephilayo yokusabela. Emva kokuphendula, imveliso egqityiweyo ihlanjwe, yomiswe, icolile kwaye ihlulwe ngamanzi ashushu.
3 Yongeza i-lye yobungakanani kunye ne-etherifying agent ekuphenduleni, emva kokusabela nge-acetone precipitation reaction good cellulose ether, Emva koko ukuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu, ukomisa, ukucola, ukuhlolwa ukufumana imveliso egqityiweyo. (Ayikaveli kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso).
Isiphelo sokusabela kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi iindlela ezichazwe ngasentla zinetyuwa eninzi, ngokwenkqubo eyahlukileyo inokuvelisa: i-sodium chloride kunye ne-acetate yesodium, i-sodium sulfide, i-sodium oxalate, njalo-njalo ityuwa yokuxuba, idinga ngokukhupha ityuwa, Ukusetyenziswa kwetyuwa ekunyibilikeni kwamanzi, ngokubanzi kunye nokuhlamba kwamanzi amaninzi ashushu, ngoku izixhobo eziphambili kunye nendlela yokuhlamba zezi:
(1) Isihluzo sevacuum yebhanti; Isetyenziselwa ukuhlamba ityuwa ngokugalela imathiriyeli ekrwada kwi-slurry ngamanzi ashushu kwaye emva koko ibeke i-slurry ngokulinganayo kwibhanti yokuhluza ngokutshiza amanzi ashushu ukusuka phezulu kunye nokucoca ngaphantsi.
(2) i-centrifuge ethe tyaba: ithi ekupheleni kokusabela kwemathiriyeli ekrwada ibe ludaka lwamanzi ashushu ukunyibilikisa ityuwa enyibilikisiweyo ngamanzi ashushu kunye nokwahlula kumbindi wolwelo kunye nokwahlula okuqinileyo ukususa ityuwa.
(3) kunye nesihluzo soxinzelelo, ekupheleni kokusabela kwezinto ezikrwada kwi-slurry ngamanzi ashushu, singene kwisihluzo soxinzelelo, kuqala ngomphunga ukuvuthela amanzi ngokutshizwa kwamanzi ashushu amaxesha angama-N kwaye emva koko ngomphunga ukuvuthela. amanzi ukwahlula kunye nokususa ityuwa.
Ukuhlamba amanzi ashushu ukususa iityuwa zinyibilike, kuba kufuneka ukujoyina amanzi ashushu, ukuhlamba, kokukhona isezantsi isiqulatho uthuthu, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo, ngoko uthuthu yayo enxulumene ngqo kangakanani ubungakanani amanzi ashushu, i-industrial jikelele. imveliso ukuba ulawulo uthuthu phantsi 1% USEBENZISA amanzi ashushu iitoni 10, ukuba ulawulo phantsi 5% kuya kufuneka malunga neetoni ezi-6 zamanzi ashushu.
Cellulose ether inkunkuma yamanzi imfuno imichiza ioksijini (COD) iphezulu 60 000 mg/L, isiqulatho ityuwa kwakhona ngaphezu 30 000 mg/L, ngoko ke unyango lwelindle olunjalo kufuneka ukuba ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu, kuba ityuwa eliphezulu ngolo hlobo ngqo. I-biochemistry inzima, ngokuhambelana neemfuno zangoku zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo unyango aluvumelekanga ukuba luhlambulule, Isisombululo esisisiseko kukususa ityuwa ngokuxutywa kwe-distillation. Ke ngoko, itoni enye ngaphezulu yokuhlamba amanzi abilayo iya kuvelisa itoni enye yogutyulo. Ngokwetekhnoloji ye-MUR yangoku kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla aphezulu, ukukhuphuka komphunga kunye nokususwa kwetyuwa, iindleko ezibanzi zonyango ngalunye lwetoni ye-1 yokuhlamba amanzi agxininisiweyo malunga ne-80 yuan, kwaye iindleko eziphambili kukusetyenziswa kwamandla abanzi.
4. Impembelelo yesiqulatho sothuthu kugcino lwamanzi lwehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
I-HPMC ikakhulu idlala iindima ezintathu zokugcina amanzi, ukutyeba kunye nolwakhiwo olufanelekileyo kwizinto zokwakha.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi: ukwandisa ixesha lokuvulwa kwezinto zokugcina amanzi, kwaye uncedise ngokupheleleyo i-hydration yayo.
Ukuqina: i-cellulose inokugqithwa ukuze inqunyanyiswe, ukwenzela ukuba isisombululo sihlale sifana phezulu nasezantsi indima yokuxhoma okuchasayo.
Ukwakhiwa: i-cellulose ine-lubrication effect, ingaba nokwakhiwa kakuhle. I-HPMC ayibandakanyekanga kwindlela yokusabela kweekhemikhali, kodwa idlala indima exhasayo kuphela. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukugcinwa kwamanzi, okuchaphazela i-homogeneity yodaka, kwaye emva koko kuchaphazela iimpawu zomatshini kunye nokuqina kodaka olunzima. Udaka lwahlulwe lwaba ludaka lwemasonry kunye nodaka lokutyabeka zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zezixhobo zodaka, ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo kodaka lwemasonry kunye nodaka lokutyabeka sisakhiwo sobume. Njengoko ibhloko kwisicelo kwinkqubo yeemveliso kwimeko eyomileyo, ukuze kuncitshiswe ibhloko eyomileyo yokufunxa amanzi aqinileyo ngodaka, ulwakhiwo luthatha ibhloko ngaphambi kokumanzisa, ukuvala isiqulatho sokufuma okuthile, gcina ukufuma eludaka. ukuthintela ukufunxa okugqithisileyo, kunokugcina i-hydration eqhelekileyo yangaphakathi ye-gelling impahla efana nodaka lwesamente. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezifana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhloko kunye neqondo lokumanzisa kwangaphambili kwisayithi liya kuchaphazela izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi kunye nokulahleka kwamanzi omdaka, okuya kuzisa ingxaki efihliweyo kumgangatho wonke wesakhiwo sobume. Udaka olunokugcinwa kwamanzi olugqwesileyo lunokuphelisa impembelelo yezixhobo zebhloko kunye nezinto zabantu kunye nokuqinisekisa i-homogeneity eyaneleyo yodaka.
Impembelelo yokugcinwa kwamanzi kwipropati enzima yodaka ibonakala ikakhulu kwimpembelelo kwindawo yokudibanisa phakathi kodaka kunye nebhloko. Njengoko udaka olunokugcinwa kwamanzi okungahambi kakuhle lulahlekelwa ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza, umthamo wamanzi wodaka kwindawo ye-interface ngokucacileyo ayanelanga, kwaye i-samente ayinakugcwala ngokupheleleyo, echaphazela uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwamandla. Amandla okudibanisa izinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwimpembelelo ye-anchoring yeemveliso ze-cement hydration. I-hydration enganeleyo ye-samente kwindawo ye-interface inciphisa amandla okubambisana kwe-interface, kwaye i-phenomenon ye-mortar cavitation kunye nokunyuka kwenyuka.
Ngoko ke, ukukhetha eyona ntununtunu kwimfuno ugcino lwamanzi isakhiwo K brand ezintathu iibhetshi viscosity ezahlukeneyo, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlamba ukubonakala inani ibhetshi efanayo ezimbini kulindeleke isiqulatho uthuthu, kwaye ngoko ngokwendlela yangoku yovavanyo ukugcinwa kwamanzi eqhelekileyo (indlela iphepha lokucoca. ) kwibhetshi enye inani lothuthu olwahlukeneyo logcino lwamanzi lwamaqela amathathu eisampulu ngokuthe ngqo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
4.1 Indlela yovavanyo yovavanyo lokugcinwa kwamanzi (Indlela yephepha lokucoca)
4.1.1 Izixhobo zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo
Umxube wesamente, isilinda sokulinganisa, ibhalansi, isitophuwotshi, isikhongozeli sensimbi engenasici, icephe, ukungunda kwentsimbi yensimbi engenasiphene (ububanzi obungaphakathi φ 100 mm× ububanzi bangaphandle φ 110 mm× phezulu 25 mm, iphepha lokucoca ngokukhawuleza, iphepha lokucoca elicothayo, ipleyiti yeglasi.
4.1.2 Iimathiriyeli kunye nee-reagents
Isamente yePortland eqhelekileyo (425 #), isanti eqhelekileyo (ngamanzi acocekileyo ngaphandle kwesanti yodaka), iisampulu zemveliso (HPMC), amanzi acocekileyo okulinga (amanzi etephu, amanzi ezimbiwa).
4.1.3 Iimeko zovavanyo lovavanyo
Ubushushu beLabhoratri: 23±2 ℃; Ukufuma okuhambelanayo: ≥ 50%; Ubushushu bamanzi elabhoratri ngama-23 ℃ njengobushushu begumbi.
4.1.4 Indlela yovavanyo
Beka ipleyiti yeglasi kwiqonga lokusebenza, beka iphepha lokucoca elicothayo (ubunzima: M1) kuyo, kwaye emva koko ubeke iphepha lokucoca ngokukhawuleza kwiphepha lokucoca elicothayo, kwaye emva koko ubeke intsimbi yokubumba intsimbi kwiphepha lokucoca ngokukhawuleza (iringi ukungunda akusayi kudlula kwisetyhula yephepha lokucoca olukhawulezayo).
Ubunzima obuchanekileyo (425#) isamente 90 g; Isanti esemgangathweni 210 g; Imveliso (isampuli) 0.125g; Thela kwisitya sensimbi engenasici, xuba kakuhle (umxube owomileyo) kwaye ubeke eceleni.
Sebenzisa i-cement paste mixer (imbiza yokuxuba kunye ne-blade icocekile kwaye yomile, umfuniselo ngamnye emva kokucoca ngokucokisekileyo, yome kanye, igcinwe). Sebenzisa i-cylinder yokulinganisa ukulinganisa i-72 ml yamanzi acocekileyo (23 ℃), qala ngokugalela embizeni evuselelayo, emva koko ugalele izinto ezilungisiweyo, kwaye ucwilise i-30 s; Ngexesha elifanayo, phakamisa ibhodwe kwindawo yokuxuba, qalisa umxube, kwaye uqhube ngesantya esiphantsi (ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza) kwi-60 s; Yeka ukukhuhla i-slurry yezinto kudonga lwembiza kunye ne-blade embizeni; Qhubeka uvuselela ngokukhawuleza kwi-120s ukuyeka. Galela lonke udaka oluxubeneyo kwisingundo sentsimbi engenastainless ngokukhawuleza, kunye nexesha ukusukela oko udaka ludibana nephepha lokucoca olukhawulezayo (cofa isitophuwotshi). Emva kwemizuzu emi-2, vula i-mold ring kwaye ukhuphe iphepha lokucoca elingapheliyo ukuze ulinganise (ubunzima: M2). Yenza umfuniselo ongenanto ngokwendlela engentla (ubunzima bephepha lokucoca okungapheliyo phambi nasemva kobunzima yi-M3, M4)
Indlela yokubala imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Apho, i-M1 - ubunzima bephepha lokucoca elingapheliyo ngaphambi kovavanyo lwesampulu; M2 - Ubunzima bephepha lokucoca elingapheliyo emva kovavanyo lwesampulu; M3 - Ubunzima bephepha lokucoca elingapheliyo phambi kovavanyo olungenanto; M4 - Ubunzima bephepha lokucoca okungapheliyo emva kovavanyo olungenanto.
4.1.5 Izilumkiso
(1) Ubushushu bamanzi acocekileyo bufanele bube ngama-23 ℃, umlinganiselo kufuneka uchaneke;
(2) Emva kokuxuba, susa imbiza yokuxuba kwaye udibanise ngokulinganayo ngecephe.
(3) ukungunda kufanele kube ngokukhawuleza, kwaye icala lecala lodaka licolwe lacoleka laqina;
(4) Qinisekisa ixesha lodaka ngexesha lokudibanisa nephepha lokucoca ngokukhawuleza, musa ukugalela udaka kwiphepha lokucoca langaphandle.
4.2 isampuli
Impembelelo yokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokuyinhloko ivela kwi-viscosity, kwaye i-viscosity ephezulu iya kuba yimbi ngaphezu kokugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu. Ukuguquguquka kwesiqulatho sothuthu kuluhlu lwe-1% ~ 5% phantse aluchaphazeli izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, ngoko akuyi kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kwamanzi.
5.Isiphelo
Ukuze kwenziwe umgangatho usebenze ngakumbi kwinyani kwaye uhambelane nentsingiselo eyandayo yogcino lwamandla kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba:
Umgangatho woshishino lwe-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC yahlulwe ngokwamabakala ekulawuleni uthuthu, njengale: inqanaba 1 lokulawula umlotha <0.010, inqanaba 2 lokulawula umlotha <0.050. Ngale ndlela, abavelisi banokukhetha ngokwabo kwaye abasebenzisi banokukhetha okuninzi. Ngeli xesha, amaxabiso anokumiselwa ngokusekwe kumgaqo womgangatho ophezulu kunye namaxabiso akhuphisanayo, ukuze kuthintelwe into yokubhideka kwamehlo entlanzi kunye nokubhideka kwimarike. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukwenzela ukuba ukuveliswa kweemveliso kunye nokusingqongileyo kube nobubele kwaye kuhambelana.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-14-2022