Kamano ke efe lipakeng tsa DS le boima ba molek'hule ea Sodium CMC

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ke polima e qhibilihang ka metsing e tsoang ho cellulose, polysaccharide ea tlhaho e fumanehang maboteng a lisele tsa semela. E sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa lijo, meriana, litlolo, masela le ho cheka oli, ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang le ts'ebetso ea eona.

Sebopeho le Thepa ea Sodium CMC:

CMC e entsoe ka phetoho ea lik'hemik'hale tsa selulose, moo lihlopha tsa carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) li hlahisoang mokokotlong oa selulose ka karabelo ea etherification kapa esterification. The degree of substitution (DS) e bolela palo e tloaelehileng ea lihlopha tsa carboxymethyl ka yuniti ea tsoekere ka ketane ea selulose. Litekanyetso tsa DS hangata li tloha ho 0.2 ho isa ho 1.5, ho latela maemo a kopantseng le thepa e lakatsehang ea CMC.

Boima ba limolek'hule ba CMC bo bolela boholo bo tloaelehileng ba liketane tsa polymer mme bo ka fapana haholo ho latela lintlha tse kang mohloli oa cellulose, mokhoa oa ho kopanya, maemo a karabelo le mekhoa ea tlhoekiso. Boima ba limolek'hule bo atisa ho khetholloa ka mekhahlelo e kang palo-average boima ba molek'hule (Mn), boima-karolelano ea boima ba limolek'hule (Mw), le viscosity-average molecular weight (Mv).

Synthesis ea Sodium CMC:

Sebopeho sa CMC hangata se kenyelletsa karabelo ea selulose ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) le chloroacetic acid (ClCH2COOH) kapa letsoai la sodium (NaClCH2COOH). Boitšoaro bo tsoela pele ka nucleophilic substitution, moo lihlopha tsa hydroxyl (-OH) tse ka mokokotlong oa cellulose li itšoarang ka lihlopha tsa chloroacetyl (-ClCH2COOH) ho theha lihlopha tsa carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH).

DS ea CMC e ka laoloa ka ho fetola karo-karolelano ea molar ea chloroacetic acid ho selulose, nako ea karabelo, mocheso, pH, le likarolo tse ling nakong ea synthesis. Litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa DS hangata li finyelloa ka likhakanyo tse phahameng tsa chloroacetic acid le linako tse telele tsa karabelo.

Boima ba limolek'hule tsa CMC bo susumetsoa ke lintlha tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa kabo ea boima ba limolek'hule ea thepa e qalang ea cellulose, tekanyo ea ho senyeha nakong ea synthesis, le boemo ba polymerization ea liketane tsa CMC. Mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kopanya le maemo a karabelo a ka fella ka CMC ka kabo e fapaneng ea boima ba limolek'hule le boholo bo tloaelehileng.

Kamano Pakeng tsa DS le Boima ba Limolek'hule:

Kamano lipakeng tsa degree of substitution (DS) le boima ba molek'hule ea sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) e rarahane ebile e susumetsoa ke lintlha tse ngata tse amanang le motsoako oa CMC, sebopeho le thepa.

1. Phello ea DS ho Boima ba Molek'hule:
   • Litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa DS hangata li lumellana le boima bo tlase ba limolek'hule tsa CMC. Lebaka ke hobane litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa DS li bontša tekanyo e kholo ea ho kenya lihlopha tsa carboxymethyl sebakeng sa mokokotlo oa cellulose, e lebisang ho liketane tse khutšoanyane tsa polymer le boima bo tlaase ba limolek'hule ka karolelano.
   • Kenyelletso ea lihlopha tsa carboxymethyl e sitisa maqhama a intermolecular hydrogen pakeng tsa liketane tsa cellulose, e leng se bakang scission le ho arohana ha ketane nakong ea ho kopanya. Ts'ebetso ena ea ho nyenyefatsa e ka lebisa phokotsong ea boima ba limolek'hule tsa CMC, haholoholo maemong a holimo a DS le karabelo e batsi.
   • Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litekanyetso tse tlase tsa DS li amahanngoa le liketane tse telele tsa polymer le boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule ka karolelano. Sena ke hobane likhato tse tlase tsa ho nka sebaka li fella ka lihlopha tse fokolang tsa carboxymethyl ka yuniti ea tsoekere, e lumellang hore likarolo tse telele tsa liketane tsa cellulose tse sa fetoloang li lule li tiile.
2. Phello ea Boima ba Molek'hule ho DS:
   • Boima ba limolek'hule tsa CMC bo ka susumetsa tekanyo ea phetoho e fihletsoeng nakong ea ho kopanya. Boima ba limolek'hule tse phahameng tsa selulose li ka fana ka libaka tse sebetsang haholoanyane bakeng sa karabelo ea carboxymethylation, e leng se lumellang hore ho be le sebaka se phahameng sa ho nkela sebaka tlas'a maemo a itseng.
   • Leha ho le joalo, boima bo feteletseng ba limolek'hule tsa cellulose le tsona li ka sitisa phihlello ea lihlopha tsa hydroxyl bakeng sa karabelo e ncha, e lebisang ho carboxymethylation e sa fellang kapa e sa sebetseng hantle le boleng bo tlase ba DS.
   • Ntle le moo, kabo ea boima ba limolek'hule ea thepa e qalang ea cellulose e ka ama kabo ea boleng ba DS sehlahisoa se hlahisoang sa CMC. Li-heterogeneities tsa boima ba limolek'hule li ka baka mefuta e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso e ncha nakong ea ho kopanya, e lebisang ho palo e pharalletseng ea boleng ba DS sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa CMC.

Kameho ea DS le Boima ba Limolek'hule ho Thepa le Likopo tsa CMC:

1. Lintho tsa Rheological:
   • Tekanyo ea substitution (DS) le boima ba limolek'hule tsa CMC li ka ama thepa ea eona ea rheological, ho kenyelletsa le viscosity, boits'oaro bo fokolang ba ho kuta, le sebopeho sa lijeli.
   • Litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa DS hangata li baka li-viscosity tse tlase le boits'oaro bo eketsehileng ba pseudoplastic (shear thinning) ka lebaka la liketane tse khuts'oane tsa polymer le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha limolek'hule.
   • Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litekanyetso tse tlase tsa DS le boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule li atisa ho eketsa viscosity le ho ntlafatsa boitšoaro ba pseudoplastic ea tharollo ea CMC, e leng se lebisang ho ntlafatso ea thepa ea ho tiea le ho emisa.
2. Ho qhibiliha ha Metsi le Boitšoaro ba ho Ruruha:
   • CMC e nang le boleng bo phahameng ba DS e atisa ho bonts'a ho qhibiliha ho hoholo ha metsi le lebelo la ho phalla ka potlako ka lebaka la lihlopha tse phahameng tsa hydrophilic carboxymethyl haufi le liketane tsa polymer.
   • Leha ho le joalo, litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa DS li ka boela tsa fella ka ho fokotseha ha ho qhibiliha ha metsi le ho eketseha ha li-gel, haholo-holo libakeng tse phahameng kapa boteng ba li-cations tse ngata.
   • Boima ba limolek'hule tsa CMC bo ka ama boitšoaro ba eona ba ho ruruha le thepa ea ho boloka metsi. Boima ba limolek'hule bo phahameng hangata bo etsa hore ho be le metsi butle le matla a ho boloka metsi, e leng se ka bang molemo lits'ebetsong tse hlokang ho lokoloha ha nako e telele kapa taolo ea mongobo.
3. Lintho tsa ho Etsa Lifilimi le Litšitiso:
   • Lifilimi tsa CMC tse entsoeng ka litharollo kapa li-dispersions li bonts'a thepa ea tšitiso khahlano le oksijene, mongobo le likhase tse ling, li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa ho paka le ho roala.
   • DS le boima ba limolek'hule tsa CMC li ka ama matla a mochini, ho tenyetseha le ho kenella ha lifilimi tse hlahisoang. Litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa DS le litekanyo tse tlase tsa limolek'hule li ka lebisa lifiliming tse nang le matla a tlase a matla le ho kenella ho hoholo ka lebaka la liketane tse khuts'oane tsa polymer le ho fokotsa likamano tsa li-intermolecular.
4. Likopo ho Liindasteri tse fapaneng:
   • CMC e nang le boleng bo fapaneng ba DS le boima ba limolek'hule e fumana lits'ebetso liindastering tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa lijo, meriana, litlolo, masela le ho cheka oli.
   • Indastering ea lijo, CMC e sebelisoa e le setenya, se tsitsitseng, le emulsifier lihlahisoa tse kang li-sauces, liaparo le lino. Khetho ea kereiti ea CMC e ipapisitse le sebopeho se lakatsehang, molomo, le litlhoko tsa botsitso tsa sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.
   • Meetsong ea meriana, CMC e sebetsa e le setlamo, se arolang, le se etsang filimi matlapeng, li-capsules le ho emisoa ka molomo. DS le boima ba limolek'hule tsa CMC li ka susumetsa kinetics ea ho lokolloa ha lithethefatsi, bioavailability, le ho latela melao ea mokuli.
   • Indastering ea litlolo, CMC e sebelisoa ho litlolo, litlolo, le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea moriri e le motenya, botsitso le moisturizer. Khetho ea sehlopha sa CMC e ipapisitse le lintlha tse kang sebopeho, ho ata, le litšobotsi tsa kutlo.
   • Indastering ea ho cheka oli, CMC e sebelisoa marong a ho cheka e le viscosifier, moemeli oa taolo ea tahlehelo ea mokelikeli, le shale inhibitor. DS le boima ba limolek'hule tsa CMC li ka ama ts'ebetso ea eona ho boloka botsitso ba hantle, ho laola tahlehelo ea mokelikeli, le ho thibela ho ruruha ha letsopa.

Qetello:

Kamano lipakeng tsa degree of substitution (DS) le boima ba molek'hule ea sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) e rarahane ebile e susumetsoa ke lintlha tse ngata tse amanang le motsoako oa CMC, sebopeho le thepa. Litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa DS hangata li lumellana le boima bo tlase ba limolek'hule tsa CMC, athe litekanyetso tse tlase tsa DS le boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule li atisa ho fella ka liketane tse telele tsa polymer le boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule ka karolelano. Ho utloisisa kamano ena ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa thepa le ts'ebetso ea CMC lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng ho pholletsa le indasteri, ho kenyeletsoa lijo, meriana, litlolo, masela le ho cheka oli. Boiteko bo eketsehileng ba lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea hlokahala ho hlakisa mekhoa ea mantlha le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho le sebopeho sa CMC ka DS e hlophisitsoeng le kabo ea boima ba limolek'hule bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng.