Tio2 ke eng?

TiO2, hangata e khutsufalitsoe ho tloha hoTitanium dioxide, ke motsoako o nang le mekhoa e mengata e nang le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng. Ntho ena, e entsoeng ka titanium le liathomo tsa oksijene, e na le bohlokoa ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang le litšebeliso tse fapaneng. Phuputsong ena e felletseng, re tla shebana le sebopeho, thepa, mekhoa ea tlhahiso, ts'ebeliso, maikutlo a tikoloho, le menyetla ea kamoso ea titanium dioxide.

Sebopeho le Sebopeho

Titanium dioxide e na le foromo e bonolo ea lik'hemik'hale: TiO2. Sebōpeho sa eona sa limolek'hule se na le athomo e le 'ngoe ea titanium e kopantsoeng le liathomo tse peli tsa oksijene, tse etsang lesela le tsitsitseng la kristale. Motsoako o teng ka li-polymorphs tse 'maloa,' me mefuta e tloaelehileng haholo ke rutile, anatase le brookite. Li-polymorphs tsena li bonts'a meaho e fapaneng ea kristale, e lebisang phapanong ea thepa le ts'ebeliso ea tsona.

Rutile ke mofuta o tsitsitseng ka ho fetisisa oa thermodynamically oa titanium dioxide 'me o khetholloa ka index ea eona e phahameng ea refractive le opacity. Anatase, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e bonolo empa e na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea photocatalytic ha e bapisoa le rutile. Brookite, leha e sa tloaeleha, e arolelana lintho tse tšoanang le rutile le anatase.

Thepa

Titanium dioxide e na le thepa e ngata e tsotehang e etsang hore e be ea bohlokoa haholo liindastering tse ngata:

1. Bosoeu: Titanium dioxide e tsebahala ka bosoeu ba eona bo ikhethang, bo bakoang ke index ea eona e phahameng ea refractive. Thepa ena e etsa hore e khone ho hasanya khanya e bonahalang ka katleho, e hlahisang mebala e khanyang e tšoeu.
2. Opacity: Opacity ea eona e bakoa ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho monya le ho hasanya leseli ka katleho. Thepa ena e e etsa khetho e ratoang bakeng sa ho fana ka opacity le ho koaheloa ka lipente, likoahelo le polasetiki.
3. Ho monya UV: Titanium dioxide e bonts'a thepa e ntle haholo ea ho thibela UV, e e etsa motsoako oa bohlokoa litlolong tsa letsatsi le lijalo tse hanyetsanang le UV. E monya mahlaseli a kotsi a UV ka katleho, e sireletsa lisebelisoa tse ka tlase ho senyeha le tšenyo e bakoang ke UV.
4. Botsitso ba Lik'hemik'hale: TiO2 ha e sebetse ka lik'hemik'hale 'me e hanana le lik'hemik'hale tse ngata, li-acids le alkalis. Ho tsitsa hona ho tiisa hore o phela nako e telele le ho tšoarella lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng.
5. Ketsahalo ea Photocatalytic: Mefuta e meng ea titanium dioxide, haholo-holo anatase, e bonts'a ts'ebetso ea photocatalytic ha e pepesehetse leseli la ultraviolet (UV). Thepa ena e sebelisoa ho lokisa tikoloho, tlhoekiso ea metsi, le litlolo tsa ho itlhoekisa.

Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso

Tlhahiso ea titanium dioxide hangata e kenyelletsa mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha: ts'ebetso ea sulfate le ts'ebetso ea chloride.

1. Sulfate Process: Mokhoa ona o akarelletsa ho fetoloa ha tšepe e nang le titanium, e kang ilmenite kapa rutile, hore e be titanium dioxide pigment. Ore e qala ho phekoloa ka asiti ea sulfuric ho hlahisa motsoako oa titanium sulfate, o ntan'o tšeloa ka hydrolyze ho etsa hydrated titanium dioxide precipitate. Ka mor'a calcination, precipitate e fetoloa pigment ea ho qetela.
2. Ts'ebetso ea Chloride: Ts'ebetsong ena, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) e ts'oaroa ka oksijene kapa mouoane oa metsi mochesong o phahameng ho etsa likaroloana tsa titanium dioxide. Pigment e hlahisoang hangata e hloekile ebile e na le lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa mahlo ha li bapisoa le sulfate e nkiloeng ho titanium dioxide.

Lisebelisoa

Titanium dioxide e fumana ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng, ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e fapaneng:

1. Lipente le Mekhabiso: Titanium dioxide ke 'mala o mosoeu o sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa lipenteng, lirafshoeng le mehahong ea meralo ka lebaka la ho khanya ha eona, ho khanya le ho tšoarella nako e telele.
2. Plastiki: E kenyelelitsoe lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa polasetiki, ho kenyeletsoa PVC, polyethylene, le polypropylene, ho matlafatsa opacity, ho hanyetsa UV, le bosoeu.
3. Litlolo: TiO2 ke motsoako o tloaelehileng oa litlolo, lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea letlalo, le litlolo tse sireletsang letsatsi ka lebaka la thepa ea eona ea ho thibela UV le tlhaho e seng chefo.
4. Lijo le Meriana: E sebetsa e le 'mala o mosoeu le opacifier lihlahisoa tsa lijo, matlapa a meriana le li-capsules. Titanium dioxide ea boemo ba lijo e lumelletsoe ho sebelisoa linaheng tse ngata, le hoja ho ntse ho e-na le matšoenyeho mabapi le tšireletseho ea eona le likotsi tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng bophelong.
5. Photocatalysis: Mefuta e meng ea titanium dioxide e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa photocatalytic, tse kang tlhoekiso ea moea le metsi, libaka tsa ho itlhoekisa, le ho senyeha ha litšila.
6. Ceramics: E sebelisoa ha ho etsoa likhase tsa ceramic, lithaele le porcelain ho ntlafatsa opacity le bosoeu.

Mehopolo ea Tikoloho

Le ha titanium dioxide e fana ka melemo e mengata, tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso ea eona e phahamisa mathata a tikoloho:

1. Tšebeliso ea Matla: Hangata tlhahiso ea titanium dioxide e hloka mocheso o phahameng le matla a bohlokoa, e leng se tlatsetsang ho hlahisoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše le phello ea tikoloho.
2. Pheliso ea Matlakala: Mekhoa ea sulfate le chloride ka bobeli e hlahisa lihlahisoa le melapo ea litšila, e ka 'nang ea e-ba le litšila 'me e hloka ho lahla kapa phekolo e nepahetseng ho thibela tšilafalo ea tikoloho.
3. Nanoparticles: Likaroloana tsa nanoscale titanium dioxide, tse atisang ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa setlolo se sireletsang letsatsi letsatsing le litlolo tsa litlolo, li hlahisa matšoenyeho mabapi le chefo ea tsona e ka bang teng le ho phehella ha tikoloho. Liphuputso li fana ka maikutlo a hore nanoparticles tsena li ka baka likotsi ho tikoloho ea metsing le bophelo bo botle ba batho haeba li ka lokolloa tikolohong.
4. Tlhokomelo ea Taolo: Mekhatlo e laolang lefats'e ka bophara, joalo ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) le European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), e beha leihlo ka hloko tlhahiso, tšebeliso le polokeho ea titanium dioxide ho fokotsa likotsi tse ka bang teng le ho netefatsa hore ho latela melao ea tikoloho le bophelo bo botle. .

Ditebello Tsa Bokamoso

Ha sechaba se ntse se tsoela pele ho etelletsa pele botsitso le tlhokomelo ea tikoloho, bokamoso ba titanium dioxide bo itšetlehile ka boqapi le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji:

1. Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso e Tala: Boiteko ba lipatlisiso bo shebana le ho nts'etsapele mekhoa ea tlhahiso e tsitsitseng le e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa titanium dioxide, joalo ka lits'ebetso tsa photocatalytic le electrochemical.
2. Lisebelisoa tsa Nanostructured: Tsoelo-pele ho nanotechnology e thusa ho rala le ho kopanya thepa ea nanostructured titanium dioxide e nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa polokelo ea matla, catalysis le boenjiniere ba biomedical.
3. Mekhoa e meng e ka senyehang ea lintho tse phelang: Ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e meng e ka senyehang le ho boloka tikoloho ho fapana le mebala e tloaelehileng ea titanium dioxide e ntse e tsoela pele, ka sepheo sa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho le ho rarolla mathata a amanang le chefo ea nanoparticle.
4. Mehato e potolohang ea Moruo: Ts'ebetsong ea melao-motheo ea moruo e potolohang, ho kenyeletsoa ho e sebelisa hape le ho matlafatsa matlakala, ho ka fokotsa ho fokotseha ha lisebelisoa le ho fokotsa sekhahla sa tikoloho sa tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso ea titanium dioxide.
5. Tlhokomelo ea Taolo le Tšireletseho: Patlisiso e tsoelang pele mabapi le litlamorao tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle ba titanium dioxide nanoparticles, hammoho le taolo e matla ea taolo, e bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebeliso e bolokehileng le e nang le boikarabello ho liindasteri tse fapaneng.

Qetellong, titanium dioxide e eme e le motsoako o nang le mefuta e mengata e nang le lits'ebetso le litlamorao tse ngata. Thepa ea eona e ikhethang, hammoho le lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le boqapi, e ts'episa ho theha karolo ea eona liindastering tse fapaneng ha e ntse e sebetsana le mathata a tikoloho le ho khothaletsa mekhoa e tšoarellang bakeng sa bokamoso.