Thickener, eo hape e tsejoang e le gelling agent, e boetse e bitsoa paste kapa glue ea lijo ha e sebelisoa lijong. Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho eketsa viscosity ea tsamaiso ea lintho tse bonahalang, ho boloka tsamaiso ea thepa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le o tsitsitseng oa ho emisoa kapa boemo ba emulsified, kapa ho theha gel. Li-thickeners li ka eketsa ka potlako li-viscosity tsa sehlahisoa ha li sebelisoa. Boholo ba mochini oa ts'ebetso ea li-thickeners ke ho sebelisa katoloso ea sebopeho sa ketane ea macromolecular ho fihlela merero e teteaneng kapa ho etsa li-micelles le metsi ho theha sebopeho sa marang-rang a mahlakore a mararo ho teteaneng. E na le litšoaneleho tsa tekanyo e fokolang, ho tsofala ka potlako le botsitso bo botle, 'me e sebelisoa haholo lijong, liaparo, li-adhesives, litlolo, li-detergents, khatiso le ho daea, ho hlahloba oli, rabara, meriana le masimo a mang. Thickener ea pele e ne e le rabara ea tlhaho e qhibilihang ka metsing, empa tšebeliso ea eona e ne e lekanyelitsoe ka lebaka la theko ea eona e phahameng ka lebaka la tekanyo ea eona e kholo le tlhahiso e tlaase. Setsi sa moloko oa bobeli se boetse se bitsoa emulsification thickener, haholo-holo ka mor'a ho hlaha ha oli-water emulsification thickener, e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo libakeng tse ling tsa indasteri. Leha ho le joalo, li-thickeners tsa emulsifying li hloka ho sebelisa palo e kholo ea parafine, e sa silafatsang tikoloho feela, empa hape e baka likotsi tsa polokeho tlhahisong le ts'ebetsong. Ho ipapisitsoe le mathata ana, li-thickeners tsa maiketsetso li tsoile, haholo-holo ho lokisoa le ho sebelisoa ha li-thickeners tsa maiketsetso tse entsoeng ke copolymerization ea li-monomer tse qhibilihang ka metsing tse kang acrylic acid le palo e loketseng ea li-monomers tse hokahanyang li entsoe ka potlako.
Mefuta ea li-thickeners le mochini o teteaneng
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-thickeners, tse ka aroloang ka li-polymers tsa inorganic le organic, 'me li-polymer tsa organic li ka aroloa ka lipolymer tsa tlhaho le li-polymers tsa maiketsetso.
Boholo ba li-polymer thickeners tsa tlhaho ke li-polysaccharides, tse nang le histori e telele ea tšebeliso le mefuta e mengata, haholo-holo e kenyelletsang cellulose ether, gum arabic, carob gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, chitosan, alginic acid Sodium le starch le lihlahisoa tsa eona tse entsoeng ka botlolo, joalo-joalo. . Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC) ka lihlahisoa tsa ether cellulose ) le methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC) li tsejoa e le indasteri ea gluta monosodium (MHPC). , 'me e sebelisitsoe haholo ho cheka oli, ho haha, ho roala, lijo, meriana le lik'hemik'hale tsa letsatsi le letsatsi. Mofuta ona oa "thickener" o entsoe haholo ka selulose ea tlhaho ea polymer ka ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale. Zhu Ganghui o lumela hore sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) le hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ke lihlahisoa tse sebelisoang haholo lihlahisoa tsa cellulose ether. Ke lihlopha tsa hydroxyl le etherification tsa yuniti ea anhydroglucose ka ketane ea cellulose. (Chloroacetic acid kapa ethylene oxide) karabelo. Li-cellulosic thickeners li teteaneng ke hydration le katoloso ea liketane tse telele. Mokhoa o boima o tjena: ketane e kholo ea limolek'hule tsa cellulose e amahanngoa le limolek'hule tsa metsi tse potolohileng ka li-hydrogen bond, e leng ho eketsang molumo oa mokelikeli oa polymer ka boeona, kahoo o eketsa molumo oa polymer ka boeona. viscosity ea tsamaiso. Tharollo ea eona ea metsi ke mokelikeli o seng oa Newtonian, 'me viscosity ea eona e fetoha ka sekhahla sa ho kuta 'me ha e amane le nako. The viscosity ea tharollo e eketseha ka potlako ka keketseho ea mahloriso, 'me ke e' ngoe ea li-thickeners tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa le li-additives tsa rheological.
Cationic guar gum ke copolymer ea tlhaho e ntšitsoeng limela tsa leguminous, e nang le litšobotsi tsa cationic surfactant le polymer resin. Ponahalo ea eona ke phofo e mosehla o bobebe, e sa nkheng kapa e nkhang hanyenyane. E entsoe ka 80% ea polysaccharide D2 mannose le D2 galactose e nang le 2∀1 e phahameng ea polymer ea molek'hule. Tharollo ea eona ea 1% ea metsi e na le viscosity ea 4000 ~ 5000mPas. Xanthan gum, eo hape e tsejoang e le xanthan gum, ke anionic polymer polysaccharide polymer e hlahisoang ke ho belisoa ha starch. E qhibiliha ka metsing a batang kapa metsing a chesang, empa ha e khone ho qhibiliha ka kakaretso ka li-solvents. Tšobotsi ea xanthan gum ke hore e ka boloka viscosity e ts'oanang ka mocheso oa 0 ~ 100, 'me e ntse e e-na le viscosity e phahameng sebakeng se tlaase,' me e na le botsitso bo botle ba mocheso. ), e ntse e na le solubility e babatsehang le botsitso, 'me e ka lumellana le letsoai le phahameng la concentration ka tharollo,' me e ka hlahisa phello e kholo ea synergistic ha e sebelisoa le polyacrylic acid thickeners. Chitin ke sehlahisoa sa tlhaho, polymer ea glucosamine, le cationic thickener.
Sodium alginate (C6H7O8Na)n haholo-holo e entsoe ka letsoai la sodium ea alginic acid, e entsoeng ka alginic acid (M unit) le bD guluronic acid (G unit) e kopantsoeng ke 1,4 glycosidic bond mme e entsoe ka likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa GGGMMM tsa li-copolymers. Sodium alginate ke "thickener" e sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa khatiso ea dae e sebetsang ka masela. Liaparo tse hatisitsoeng li na le mekhoa e khanyang, mela e hlakileng, lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa mebala, lihlahisoa tsa 'mala o ts'oanang, ho kenella hantle le polasetiki. E 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo ha ho hatisoa k'hothone, boea, silika, nylon le masela a mang.
setenya se entsoeng ka polymer
1. Chemical cross-linking synthetic polymer thickener
Li-thickeners tsa maiketsetso hajoale ke tsona tse rekisoang ka ho fetesisa le mefuta e pharalletseng ea lihlahisoa 'marakeng. Bongata ba li-thickeners tsena ke li-polymer tsa microchemical cross-linked, tse sa keneng ka metsing, 'me li ka monya metsi feela hore a ruruhe hore a teteane. Polyacrylic acid thickener ke setenya sa maiketsetso se sebelisoang haholo, 'me mekhoa ea sona ea ho kopanya e kenyelletsa emulsion polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization le precipitation polymerization. Mofuta ona oa "thickener" o hlahisitsoe ka potlako ka lebaka la phello ea eona ea ho teteana ka potlako, theko e tlaase le tekanyo e fokolang. Hona joale, mofuta ona oa thickener ke polymerized ke monomers tse tharo kapa ho feta, 'me monoma e kholo ka kakaretso ke monoma e qhibilihang ka metsing, e kang acrylic acid, maleic acid kapa maleic anhydride, methacrylic acid, acrylamide le 2 acrylamide. 2-methyl propane sulfonate, joalo-joalo; monoma ea bobeli ka kakaretso ke acrylate kapa styrene; monoma ea boraro ke monoma e nang le phello ea ho kopanya, e kang N, N methylenebisacrylamide, butylene diacrylate ester kapa dipropylene phthalate, joalo-joalo.
The thickening mochine oa polyacrylic acid thickener na le mefuta e 'meli: neutralization thickening le hydrogen bonding thickening. Neutralization le thickening ke ho neutralize acidic polyacrylic acid thickener le alkali ho ionize limolek'hule tsa eona le ho hlahisa liqoso tse mpe hammoho le ketane e ka sehloohong ea polymer, ho itšetlehile ka repulsion pakeng tsa liqoso ba bong bo tšoanang ho ntšetsa pele ketane ea molek'hule e otlollang Bula ho theha marang-rang. sebopeho sa ho fihlella phello e teteaneng. Hydrogen bonding thickening ke hore limolek'hule tsa polyacrylic acid li kopana le metsi ho etsa limolek'hule tsa hydration, ebe li kopana le bafani ba hydroxyl tse kang li-non-ionic surfactants tse nang le lihlopha tse 5 kapa ho feta tsa ethoxy. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang oa thobalano ea batho ba bong bo tšoanang ba "electrostatic repulsion" ea carboxylate ions, ketane ea limolek'hule e thehoa. Katoloso ea helical e fetoha molamu, e le hore liketane tsa molek'hule tse kobehileng li lokolloe tsamaisong ea metsi ho theha sebopeho sa marang-rang ho fihlela phello e teteaneng. Phapang e fapaneng ea boleng ba pH ea polymerization, moemeli oa ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele le boima ba limolek'hule li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho phello e teteaneng ea sistimi e teteaneng. Ho phaella moo, li-electrolyte tse sa tloaelehang li ka ama haholo ts'ebetso e matla ea mofuta ona oa thickener, li-ion tsa monovalent li ka fokotsa ts'ebetso e matla ea tsamaiso, li-ion tsa divalent kapa tse trivalent li ke ke tsa tšesaane feela tsamaiso, empa hape li hlahisa metsi a sa tsitsang. Ka hona, khanyetso ea electrolyte ea li-polycarboxylate thickeners e fokola haholo, e leng se etsang hore ho se khonehe ho sebetsa masimong a kang ho sebelisoa ha oli.
Liindastering tseo ho tsona li-thickeners li sebelisoang haholo, tse kang masela, tlhahlobo ea petroleum le litlolo, litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea li-thickeners tse kang ho hanyetsa electrolyte le katleho e kholo li phahame haholo. The thickener e lokiselitsoeng ke polymerization ea tharollo hangata e na le boima ba limolek'hule bo batlang bo le tlase, bo etsang hore ts'ebetso e teteaneng e be tlase mme e ke ke ea fihlela litlhoko tsa lits'ebetso tse ling tsa indasteri. Li-thickeners tse phahameng tsa limolek'hule li ka fumanoa ka emulsion polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization le mekhoa e meng ea polymerization. Ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha electrolyte e fokolang ea letsoai la sodium la sehlopha sa carboxyl, ho eketsa li-non-ionic kapa cationic monomers le li-monomers tse nang le khanyetso e matla ea electrolyte (joalo ka li-monomers tse nang le lihlopha tsa sulfonic acid) ho karolo ea polymer e ka ntlafatsa haholo viscosity ea thickener. Ho hanyetsa electrolyte ho etsa hore e finyelle litlhoko tsa masimo a indasteri joalo ka ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ea thuto e phahameng. Ho tloha ha emulsion polymerization e fapaneng e qalile ka 1962, polymerization ea boima ba limolek'hule tsa polyacrylic acid le polyacrylamide e 'nile ea laoloa ke polymerization e fapaneng ea emulsion. O ile a qapa mokhoa oa emulsion copolymerization ea naetrojene-e nang le polyoxyethylene kapa alternating copolymerization le polyoxypropylene polymerized surfactant, cross-linking agent le acrylic acid monomer ho lokisa polyacrylic acid emulsion e le thickener, 'me finyelloa Good thickening anti-electroly phello e ntle,' me e na le phello e ntle ea antielectroly. tshebetso. Arianna Benetti et al. sebelisa mokhoa oa inverse emulsion polymerization ho copolymerize acrylic acid, monomers tse nang le lihlopha sulfonic acid le cationic monomers ho qapa thickener bakeng sa litlolo. Ka lebaka la kenyelletso ea lihlopha tsa sulfonic acid le matsoai a quaternary ammonium a nang le bokhoni bo matla ba anti-electrolyte mohahong o motenya, polima e lokisitsoeng e na le thepa e ntle ea ho teteka le e khahlanong le electrolyte. Martial Pabon et al. e sebelisitsoeng inverse emulsion polymerization ho copolymerize sodium acrylate, acrylamide le isooctylphenol polyoxyethylene methacrylate macromonomers ho lokisetsa hydrophobic mokhatlo o qhibilihang ka metsing thickener. Charles A. joalo-joalo o sebelisitse acrylic acid le acrylamide e le li-comonomers ho fumana boima bo phahameng ba molek'hule ka ho fetola emulsion polymerization. Zhao Junzi le ba bang ba sebelisitse polymerization ea tharollo le polymerization e fapaneng ea emulsion ho kopanya li-hydrophobic association polyacrylate thickeners, le ho bapisa mokhoa oa polymerization le ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa. Liphetho li bonts'a hore, ha ho bapisoa le tharollo ea polymerization le inverse emulsion polymerization ea acrylic acid le stearyl acrylate, hydrophobic association monomer synthesized ho tloha acrylic acid le mafura a joala polyoxyethylene ether e ka ntlafatsoa ka katleho ka inverse emulsion polymerization le acrylic acid copolymerization. Ho hanyetsa electrolyte ea li-thickeners. He Ping o ile a bua ka lintlha tse 'maloa tse amanang le ho lokisoa ha polyacrylic acid thickener ka inverse emulsion polymerization. Pampiri ena, copolymer ea amphoteric e ne e sebelisoa e le stabilizer 'me methylenebisacrylamide e ne e sebelisoa e le motsoako oa ho kopanya ho qala ammonium acrylate bakeng sa polymerization e fapaneng ea emulsion ho lokisetsa mochine o phahameng oa tshebetso bakeng sa khatiso ea pigment. Liphello tsa li-stabilizer tse fapaneng, li-initiators, li-comonomers le li-agent tsa phetisetso ea ketane ho polymerization li ile tsa ithutoa. Ho boleloa hore copolymer ea lauryl methacrylate le acrylic acid e ka sebelisoa e le stabilizer, 'me li-initiators tse peli tsa redox, benzoyldimethylaniline peroxide le sodium tert-butyl hydroperoxide metabisulfite, ka bobeli li ka qala polymerization le ho fumana viscosity e itseng. makhasi a masoeu. 'Me ho lumeloa hore ho hanyetsa letsoai la ammonium acrylate copolymerized ka tlase ho 15% acrylamide ea eketseha.
2. Hydrophobic association synthetic polymer thickener
Le hoja lik'hemik'hale tse nang le lik'hemik'hale tse nang le lik'hemik'hale tsa polyacrylic acid li 'nile tsa sebelisoa haholo, le hoja ho eketsoa ha li-monomers tse nang le lihlopha tsa sulfonic acid ho motsoako o teteaneng ho ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona ea anti-electrolyte, ho ntse ho e-na le mefuta e mengata e teteaneng ea mofuta ona. Mefokolo, joalo ka thixotropy e futsanehileng ea sisteme e teteaneng, joalo-joalo Mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng ke oa ho hlahisa palo e nyane ea lihlopha tsa hydrophobic ka har'a ketane ea eona e kholo ea hydrophilic ho kopanya li-hydrophobic associative thickeners. Hydrophobic associative thickeners ke li-thickeners tse sa tsoa ntlafatsoa lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ho na le likarolo tsa hydrophilic le lihlopha tsa lipophilic mohahong oa limolek'hule, tse bontšang mosebetsi o itseng oa holim'a metsi. Li-thickeners tsa Associative li na le khanyetso e ntle ea letsoai ho feta li-non-associative thickeners. Lebaka ke hobane ho kopana ha lihlopha tsa hydrophobic ka karolo e 'ngoe ho hanana le tšekamelo ea ho kobeha e bakoang ke phello ea ion-shielding, kapa "steric" e bakoang ke ketane e telele ea lehlakore e fokolisa phello ea ion-shielding. Phello ea mokhatlo e thusa ho ntlafatsa rheology ea thickener, e bapalang karolo e kholo ts'ebetsong ea sebele ea kopo. Ho phaella ho li-hydrophobic associative thickeners tse nang le mehaho e meng e tlalehiloeng libukeng, Tian Dating et al. e boetse e tlaleha hore hexadecyl methacrylate, monoma ea hydrophobic e nang le liketane tse telele, e kopantsoe le acrylic acid ho lokisetsa li-thickeners tse kopanetsoeng tse entsoeng ka li-copolymers tsa binary. Synthetic thickener. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore palo e itseng ea li-monomers tse kopanyang sefapano le li-monomers tse telele tsa hydrophobic li ka eketsa viscosity haholo. Phello ea hexadecyl methacrylate (HM) ho hydrophobic monomer e kholo ho feta ea lauryl methacrylate (LM). Ts'ebetso ea li-asociative crosslinked thickeners tse nang le hydrophobic long-chain monomers e molemo ho feta ea non-associative crosslinked thickeners. Motheong ona, sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se ile sa boela sa kopanya motsoako oa associative o nang le acrylic acid/acrylamide/hexadecyl methacrylate terpolymer ka inverse emulsion polymerization. Liphello li pakile hore mokhatlo oa hydrophobic oa cetyl methacrylate le phello e seng ea ionic ea propionamide e ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e matla ea motenya.
Hydrophobic association polyurethane thickener (HEUR) le eona e ntlafalitsoe haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena. Melemo ea eona ha e bonolo ho hydrolyze, viscosity e tsitsitseng le ts'ebetso e ntle ea kaho mefuteng e mengata ea lits'ebetso tse kang pH boleng le mocheso. The thickening mochine oa polyurethane thickeners haholo-holo ka lebaka la e khethehileng tse tharo-block polymer sebopeho ka mokgwa wa lipophilic-hydrophilic-lipophilic, e le hore qetellong ketane ke lipophilic lihlopha (hangata aliphatic hydrocarbon lihlopha), 'me bohareng ke Metsi-qhibilihang hydrophilic. karolo (hangata e phahameng ea boima ba molek'hule polyethylene glycol). Phello ea boholo ba sehlopha sa hydrophobic qetellong ea phello e teteaneng ea HEUR e ile ea ithutoa. Ho sebelisoa mekhoa e fapaneng ea liteko, polyethylene glycol e boima ba molek'hule ea 4000 e ile ea koaheloa ka octanol, joala ba dodecyl le joala ba octadecyl, mme ha e bapisoa le sehlopha ka seng sa hydrophobic. Boholo ba Micelle bo entsoeng ke HEUR ka tharollo e nang le metsi. Liphello li bontšitse hore liketane tse khutšoanyane tsa hydrophobic li ne li sa lekana bakeng sa HEUR ho etsa li-micelles tsa hydrophobic le phello e teteaneng e ne e se ntle. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ha ho bapisoa joala ba stearyl le lauryl alcohol-termination polyethylene glycol, boholo ba li-micelles tsa pele bo boholo haholo ho feta tsa morao-rao, 'me ho fihleloa hore karolo e telele ea ketane ea hydrophobic e na le phello e ntle ea ho teteka.
Libaka tsa kopo tse ka sehloohong
Ho hatisa le ho daea Textile
Phello e ntle ea khatiso le boleng ba khatiso ea textile le pigment e itšetlehile haholo ka ts'ebetso ea khatiso ea khatiso, 'me ho eketsoa ha thickener ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea eona. Ho eketsa motenya ho ka etsa hore sehlahisoa se hatisitsoeng se be le lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa mebala, kemiso e hlakileng ea khatiso, 'mala o khanyang le o feletseng,' me u ntlafatse ho phunyeletsa le thixotropy ea sehlahisoa. Nakong e fetileng, starch ea tlhaho kapa sodium alginate e ne e sebelisoa haholo e le motenya bakeng sa ho hatisa li-pastes. Ka lebaka la bothata ba ho etsa pente ho tloha ho starch ea tlhaho le theko e phahameng ea sodium alginate, butle-butle e nkeloa sebaka ke khatiso ea acrylic le dae thickeners. Anionic polyacrylic acid e na le phello e matla ka ho fetisisa 'me hona joale ke eona e sebelisoang haholo ka ho fetisisa, empa mofuta ona oa "thickener" o ntse o e-na le likoli, tse kang electrolyte resistance, colour paste thixotropy, le colotion ea mebala nakong ea khatiso. Karolelano ha e ntle. Mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng ke oa ho hlahisa palo e nyane ea lihlopha tsa hydrophobic ka har'a ketane ea eona e kholo ea hydrophilic ho kopanya li-asociative thickeners. Hajoale, li-thickeners tsa khatiso 'marakeng oa lapeng li ka aroloa ka li-thickeners tsa tlhaho, li-thickeners tsa emulsification le li-thickeners tsa maiketsetso ho latela lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse tala le mekhoa ea ho itokisa. Boholo, hobane litaba tsa eona tse tiileng li ka ba tse phahameng ho feta 50%, phello e teteaneng e ntle haholo.
pente e entsoeng ka metsi
Ho kenya li-thickeners ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho pente ho ka fetola ka katleho litšobotsi tsa mokelikeli oa tsamaiso ea pente 'me e etsa hore e be thixotropic, kahoo e fane ka pente e nang le botsitso bo botle ba polokelo le ho sebetsa. Mochine o motenya o nang le ts'ebetso e babatsehang o ka eketsa viscosity ea ho roala nakong ea polokelo, o thibela ho arohana ha seaparo, 'me o fokotsa viscosity nakong ea ho roala ka lebelo le phahameng, ho eketsa viscosity ea filimi ea ho roala ka mor'a ho roala, le ho thibela ketsahalo ea ho senya. Hangata litlolo tse teteaneng tsa pente li sebelisa li-polymer tse qhibilihang ka metsing, tse kang high-molecular hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ho phaella moo, li-polymeric thickeners li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ho laola ho boloka mongobo nakong ea ho roala lihlahisoa tsa pampiri. Ho ba teng ha li-thickeners ho ka etsa hore bokaholimo ba pampiri e koahetsoeng bo be boreleli le ho feta. Haholo-holo swellable emulsion (HASE) thickener e na le ts'ebetso e khahlanong le ho phatloha 'me e ka sebelisoa hammoho le mefuta e meng ea li-thickeners ho fokotsa haholo bokaholimo ba pampiri e koahetsoeng. Ka mohlala, pente ea latex hangata e kopana le bothata ba ho arohana ha metsi nakong ea tlhahiso, lipalangoang, polokelo le kaho. Le hoja karohano ea metsi e ka lieha ka ho eketsa viscosity le dispersibility ea pente ea latex, hangata liphetoho tse joalo li lekanyelitsoe, 'me ho bohlokoa haholo Kapa ka khetho ea thickener le ho bapisoa ha eona ho rarolla bothata bona.
tlhahiso ea oli
Ka ho ntša oli, e le ho fumana chai e ngata, conductivity ea mokelikeli o itseng (joaloka matla a hydraulic, joalo-joalo) e sebelisetsoa ho senya lera la mokelikeli. Mokelikeli ona o bitsoa fracturing fluid kapa fracturing fluid. Sepheo sa fracturing ke ho theha fractures ka boholo bo itseng le conductivity ka sebōpeho, 'me katleho ea eona e amana haufi-ufi le ts'ebetso ea mokelikeli oa fracturing o sebelisitsoeng. Mekelikeli ea fracturing e kenyelletsa maro a fracturing a thehiloeng metsing, maro a entsoeng ka oli, metsi a fracturing a thehiloeng ho joala, metsi a emulsified fracturing le maro a foam fracturing. Har'a bona, metsi a fracturing fluid a na le melemo ea theko e tlaase le polokeho e phahameng, 'me hona joale ke eona e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa. Thickener ke sehlomathiso se ka sehloohong sa mokelikeli o thehiloeng metsing, 'me tsoelo-pele ea oona e fetile hoo e ka bang halofo ea lekholo la lilemo, empa ho fumana mochine o teteaneng oa fracturing o nang le ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng haesale e le tataiso ea lipatlisiso tsa litsebi lapeng le linaheng tse ling. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-polymer thickeners tse thehiloeng metsing tse sebelisoang hajoale, tse ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: li-polysaccharides tsa tlhaho le tse tsoang ho tsona le li-polymer tsa maiketsetso. Ka nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea ho ntša oli le ho eketseha ha mathata a merafo, batho ba beha litlhoko tse ncha le tse phahameng bakeng sa mokelikeli oa fracturing. Kaha li khona ho ikamahanya le maemo a rarahaneng ho feta li-polysaccharides tsa tlhaho, li-polymer thickeners tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso li tla bapala karolo e kholo ea mocheso o phahameng oa ho phunyeha ha seliba se tebileng.
Lik'hemik'hale Tsa Letsatsi le Letsatsi le Lijo
Hajoale, ho na le mefuta e fetang 200 ea li-thickeners tse sebelisoang indastering ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea lik'hemik'hale, haholo-holo ho kenyelletsa letsoai le inorganic, li-surfactants, li-polymer tse qhibilihang ka metsing le lino tse mafura / li-acid tse mafura. Hangata li sebelisoa ho li-detergents, litlolo, sesepa sa meno le lihlahisoa tse ling. Ho feta moo, li-thickeners li boetse li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lijo. Li sebelisoa haholo-holo ho ntlafatsa le ho tsitsisa thepa ea 'mele kapa mefuta ea lijo, ho eketsa viscosity ea lijo, ho fa lijo tatso e monate le e monate,' me li phetha karolo ea ho tiisa, ho tsitsisa le homogenizing. , emulsifying gel, masking, tatso le monate. Li-thickeners tse sebelisoang indastering ea lijo li kenyelletsa li-thickeners tsa tlhaho tse fumanoang liphoofolong le limela, hammoho le li-thickeners tsa maiketsetso tse kang CMCNa le propylene glycol alginate. Ntle le moo, li-thickeners li boetse li sebelisoa haholo ho tsa bongaka, ho etsa pampiri, lirafshoa, ts'ebetso ea letlalo, electroplating, joalo-joalo.
2.Inorganic thickener
Li-inorganic thickeners li kenyelletsa lihlopha tse peli tsa boima bo tlase ba limolek'hule le boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule, 'me litekanyo tse tlase tsa boima ba limolek'hule ke litharollo tse nang le metsi a letsoai le li-surfactants. Matsoai a inorganic a sebelisoang hona joale haholo a kenyelletsa sodium chloride, potasiamo chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate le pentasodium triphosphate, tseo har'a tsona sodium chloride le ammonium chloride li nang le litlamorao tse ntle tsa ho teteana. Molao-motheo oa mantlha ke hore li-surfactants li theha micelles ka tharollo e nang le metsi, 'me boteng ba li-electrolyte bo eketsa palo ea mekhatlo ea li-micelles, e leng se bakang phetoho ea li-micelles tsa spherical hore e be li-micelles tse bōpehileng joaloka molamu, ho eketsa ho hanyetsa motsamao,' me kahoo ho eketsa viscosity ea tsamaiso. . Leha ho le joalo, ha electrolyte e le e feteletseng, e tla ama sebopeho sa micellar, e fokotsa ho hanyetsa motsamao, 'me kahoo e fokotse viscosity ea tsamaiso, e leng seo ho thoeng ke phello ea salting-out.
Inorganic high molecular weight thickeners kenyeletsa bentonite, attapulgite, aluminium silicate, sepiolite, hectorite, joalo-joalo Har'a bona, bentonite e na le bohlokoa ba khoebo ka ho fetisisa. Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho teteka o entsoe ka liminerale tsa thixotropic tsa gel tse ruruhileng ka ho monya metsi. Liminerale tsena ka kakaretso li na le sebopeho sa lera kapa sebopeho se atolositsoeng sa lattice. Ha li qhalakanngoa ka metsing, li-ion tsa tšepe tse ka har'a eona li fapana le likristale tsa lamellar, li ruruha ka tsoelo-pele ea metsi, 'me qetellong li arohana ka ho feletseng le likristale tsa lamellar ho theha ho emisa ha colloidal. metsi. Ka nako ena, bokaholimo ba kristale ea lamellar bo na le tefiso e mpe, 'me likhutlo tsa eona li na le tefiso e nyane e ntle ka lebaka la ponahalo ea marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang. Ka tharollo e hlapollang, liqoso tse mpe ka holim'a metsi li kholo ho feta litefello tse ntle likhutlong, 'me likaroloana li lelekana ntle le ho teteana. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho eketseha ha motsoako oa electrolyte, tefiso e holim'a lamellae e fokotseha, 'me ho sebelisana pakeng tsa likaroloana ho fetoha ho tloha ho matla a nyonyehang pakeng tsa lamellae ho ea ho matla a khahlehang pakeng tsa liqoso tse mpe holim'a lamellae le tse ntle. liqoso likhutlong tsa mathōko. E hokahane ka kotloloho ho theha ntlo ea likarete, e bakang ho ruruha ho hlahisa gel ho fihlela phello e teteaneng. Ka nako ena, gel ea inorganic e qhibiliha ka metsing ho etsa gel ea thixotropic haholo. Ho phaella moo, bentonite e ka theha maqhama a haedrojene ka tharollo, e leng molemo ho theha mohaho oa marang-rang a mararo. Ts'ebetso ea inorganic gel hydration thickening le karete ea ntlo e bonts'itsoeng setšoantšong sa 1. Ho kopanngoa ha polymerized monomers ho montmorillonite ho eketsa sebaka sa interlayer, ebe in-situ intercalation polymerization pakeng tsa lihlopha e ka hlahisa polymer / montmorillonite organic- Inorganic hybrid. motenya. Liketane tsa polymer li ka feta maqepheng a montmorillonite ho theha marang-rang a polymer. Ka lekhetlo la pele, Kazutoshi et al. e sebelisitse montmorillonite e thehiloeng ho sodium e le sesebelisoa se kopanyang ho hlahisa tsamaiso ea polymer, 'me e lokiselitse hydrogel ea montmorillonite e amanang le mocheso-sensitive hydrogel. Liu Hongyu et al. e sebelisitse montmorillonite e thehiloeng ho sodium e le sesebelisoa se kopanyang ho kopanya mofuta o mocha oa motenya o nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea anti-electrolyte, 'me o ile a leka ts'ebetso e matla le anti-NaCl le ts'ebetso e' ngoe ea electrolyte ea motsoako oa motsoako. Liphetho li bontša hore Na-montmorillonite-crosslinked thickener e na le thepa e ntle ea anti-electrolyte. Ho phaella moo, ho boetse ho na le inorganic le tse ling tse manyolo metsoako thickeners, tse kang a maiketsetso a thickener lokisitsoeng ke M.Chtourou le tse ling tse manyolo derivatives ea ammonium letsoai le Tunisia letsopa tsa montmorillonite, e nang le phello e ntle thickening.
Nako ea poso: Jan-11-2023