Mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa cellulose ether

Tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea hydroxymethyl cellulose le methyl cellulose le lihlahisoa tsa tsona li ile tsa hlahisoa, 'me tlhokahalo ea mmaraka ea kamoso e ile ea boleloa esale pele. Lintlha tsa tlhōlisano le mathata a indasteri ea cellulose ether li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Litlhahiso tse ling mabapi le nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea cellulose ether naheng ea rona e fanoe.

Mantsoe a bohlokoa:cellulose ether; Tlhahlobo ea tlhokahalo ea 'maraka; Lipatlisiso tsa 'maraka

1. Sehlopha le tšebeliso ea cellulose ether

1.1 Karolelano

Cellulose ether ke motsoako oa polymer moo liathomo tsa hydrogen tse karolong ea tsoekere e anhydrous ea selulose li nkeloang sebaka ke lihlopha tsa alkyl kapa tse nkeloang sebaka. Ka ketane ea cellulose polymerization. Yuniti ka 'ngoe ea tsoekere ea anhydrous e na le lihlopha tse tharo tsa hydroxyl tse ka nkang karolo karabelong haeba li ka nkeloa sebaka ka botlalo. Boleng ba DS ke 3, 'me tekanyo ea ho nkela sebaka sa lihlahisoa tse fumanehang khoebong e tloha ho 0.4 ho isa ho 2.8. 'Me ha e nkeloa sebaka ke alkenyl oxide, e ka theha sehlopha se secha sa hydroxyl se ka nkeloang sebaka ke sehlopha sa hydroxyl alkyl, kahoo se theha ketane. Boima ba glucose e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea anhydrous olefin oxide e hlalosoa e le nomoro ea molar substitution (MS) ea motsoako. Thepa ea bohlokoa ea khoebo ea cellulose ether e itšetlehile haholo ka boima ba molar, sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, kabo ea sebaka, DS le MS ea selulose. Hangata thepa ena e kenyelletsa solubility, viscosity ka tharollo, mosebetsi oa holim'a metsi, thepa ea thermoplastic layer le botsitso khahlanong le biodegradation, phokotso ea mocheso le oxidation. Viscosity ka tharollo e fapana ho ea ka boima ba molek'hule.

Cellulose ether e na le mekhahlelo e 'meli: e' ngoe ke mofuta oa ionic, joalo ka carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) le polyanionic cellulose (PAC); Mofuta o mong ke oa non-ionic, joalo ka methyl cellulose (MC), ethyl cellulose (EC),hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) joalo-joalo.

1.2 Tšebeliso

1.2.1 CMC

CMC ke anionic polyelectrolyte e qhibilihang ka metsing a chesang le a batang. Sehlahisoa se sebelisoang haholo se na le mofuta oa DS oa 0.65 ~ 0.85 le mofuta oa viscosity oa 10 ~ 4 500 mPa. s. E rekisoa ka lihlopha tse tharo: bohloeki bo phahameng, bohareng le indasteri. Lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa bohloeki li feta 99.5% tse hloekileng, ha bohloeki bo bohareng bo feta 96%. CMC e phahameng ea bohloeki e atisa ho bitsoa selulose gum, e ka sebelisoa lijong e le stabilizer, thickening agent le moisturizing agent 'me e sebelisoa meriana le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea botho e le moemeli oa ho thibela, emulsifier le viscosity control agent, tlhahiso ea oli e boetse e sebelisoa ka bohloeki bo phahameng. CMC. Lihlahisoa tsa mahareng li sebelisoa haholo ho boholo ba masela le ho etsa lipampiri, lits'ebeliso tse ling li kenyelletsa likhomaretsi, lirafshoa, lipente tsa latex le liphahlo tse metsi. CMC ea boemo ba indasteri e na le sodium chloride e fetang 25% le sodium oxyacetic acid, eo pele e neng e sebelisoa haholo tlhahiso ea litlolo le indasteri e nang le litlhoko tse tlase tsa bohloeki. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e babatsehang le mefuta e mengata ea litšebeliso, empa hape le nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea masimo a macha a kopo, tebello ea 'maraka e pharaletseng haholo, e na le bokhoni bo boholo.

1.2.2 Nonionic cellulose ether

E bua ka sehlopha sa li-cellulose ethers le li-derivatives tsa tsona tse se nang lihlopha tse arohaneng likarolong tsa tsona tsa meralo. Ba na le ts'ebetso e ntle ho feta lihlahisoa tsa ionic ether ka ho teteaneng, emulsification, ho etsa filimi, tšireletso ea colloid, ho boloka mongobo, ho khomarela, ho thibela maikutlo joalo-joalo. E sebelisoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea sebaka sa oli, ho roala latex, karabelo ea polymerization ea polymer, thepa ea kaho, lik'hemik'hale tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, lijo, meriana, ho etsa pampiri, khatiso ea masela le ho daea le likarolo tse ling tsa indasteri.

Methyl cellulose le lihlahisoa tsa eona tse ka sehloohong. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose le hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ke nonionic. Ka bobeli li qhibiliha metsing a batang empa eseng metsing a chesang. Ha tharollo ea bona ea metsi e futhumetse ho 40 ~ 70 ℃, ketsahalo ea gel e hlaha. Thempereichara eo gelation e hlahang ho eona e itšetlehile ka mofuta oa gel, mahloriso a tharollo, le tekanyo ea ho eketsoa ho tse ling. Phenomenon ea gel e ka fetoloa.

(1)HPMC le MC. Tšebeliso ea MCS le HPMCS e fapana ho latela kereiti: limaraka tse holimo li sebelisoa lijong le meriana; Standard grade e fumaneha ka pente le ho tlosa pente, bond samente. Likhomaretsi le ho ntša oli. Ho non-ionic cellulose ether, MC le HPMC ke tlhokahalo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea 'maraka.

Lekala la kaho ke lona moreki e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa HPMC/MC, haholo-holo e sebelisetsoang ho haha ​​sehlaha, ho koahela holim'a metsi, ho peha lithaele le ho eketsa seretse sa samente. Haholo-holo, ka seretse sa samente se kopantsoeng le palo e nyane ea HPMC e ka bapala ho khomarela, ho boloka metsi, ho lieha ho kopanya le ho tsoa mali moeeng. Ho hlakile hore ntlafatsa seretse sa samente, seretse, thepa ea sekhomaretsi, ho hanyetsa serame le ho hanyetsa mocheso le matla a ho tsitsa le ho kuta. Ka hona ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kaho ea thepa ea moaho. Ntlafatsa boleng ba kaho le katleho ea kaho ea mochini. Hajoale, HPMC ke eona feela lihlahisoa tsa cellulose ether tse sebelisoang ho aha thepa ea ho tiisa.

HPMC e ka sebelisoa e le li-excipients tsa meriana, joalo ka moemeli oa ho teteka, dispersant, emulsifier le moemeli oa ho etsa filimi. E ka sebelisoa e le ho roala filimi le sekhomaretsi matlapeng, a ka ntlafatsang haholo ho qhibiliha ha lithethefatsi. 'Me e ka ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa metsi a matlapa. E ka boela ea sebelisoa e le moemeli oa ho fanyeha, ho lokisa mahlo, skeleton e liehang le e laoloang ea tokollo le letlapa le phaphametseng.

Lefapheng la lik'hemik'hale, HPMC ke mothusi oa ho lokisa PVC ka mokhoa oa ho emisa. E sebelisoa ho sireletsa colloid, ho matlafatsa matla a ho emisa, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa kabo ea boholo ba likaroloana tsa PVC; Ha ho etsoa liphahlo, MC e sebelisoa e le motenya, dispersant le stabilizer, joalo ka moemeli oa ho etsa lifilimi, thickener, emulsifier le stabilizer ka liphahlo tsa latex le liphahlo tsa resin tse qhibilihang ka metsi, e le hore filimi ea ho roala e be le khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala, ho roala junifomo ho khomarela, le ho ntlafatsa tsitsipano ea holim'a metsi le pH botsitso, hammoho le ho lumellana ha lisebelisoa tsa mebala ea tšepe.

(2)EC, HEC le CMHEM. EC ke ntho e tšoeu, e sa nkhang hamonate, e se nang 'mala, e se nang chefo eo hangata e qhibilihang feela ka har'a metsoako ea tlhaho. Lihlahisoa tse fumanehang khoebong li tla ka mefuta e 'meli ea DS, 2.2 ho 2.3 le 2.4 ho 2.6. Litaba tsa sehlopha sa ethoxy li ama thepa ea thermodynamic le botsitso ba mocheso oa EC. EC e qhibiliha ka bongata bo bongata ba metsoako ea lintho tse phelang ho feta mocheso o pharaletseng o fapaneng 'me e na le sebaka se tlaase sa ho tima. EC e ka etsoa ka resin, sekhomaretsi, enke, varnish, filimi le lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki. Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) e na le nomoro ea sebaka sa hydroxymethyl haufi le 0.3, 'me thepa ea eona e tšoana le EC. Empa e boetse e qhibiliha ka lihlapolli tsa hydrocarbon tse theko e tlaase (parafine e sa nkheng) 'me e sebelisoa haholo-holo lirapeng le li-inks.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) e fumaneha ka har'a metsi - kapa lihlahisoa tse qhibilihang ka oli tse nang le mefuta e mengata haholo ea viscosity. Metsi a eona a se nang ionic a qhibilihang ka metsing a chesang le a batang, a na le mekhoa e mengata ea khoebo, e sebelisoang haholo ka pente ea latex, ho ntša oli le polymerization emulsion, empa e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le li-adhesives, adhesives, cosmetics le li-additives tsa meriana.

Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEM) ke motsoako oa hydroxyethyl cellulose. Mabapi le CMC, ha ho bonolo ho kenngoa ke matsoai a metala a boima, haholo-holo a sebelisoang ho ntša oli le li-detergents tsa metsi.

2. Maraka oa lefats'e oa cellulose ether

Hona joale, kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea ether ea cellulose lefatšeng e fetile 900,000 t/a. Mmaraka oa lefats'e oa cellulose ether o ile oa feta $ 3.1 limilione tse likete ka 2006. Likarolo tsa lichelete tsa 'maraka tsa MC, CMC le HEC le lihlahisoa tsa tsona li ne li le 32%, 32% le 16%, ka ho latellana. Theko ea 'maraka ea MC e tšoana le ea CMC.

Kamora lilemo tsa nts'etsopele, 'maraka oa cellulose ether linaheng tse tsoetseng pele o se o holile haholo,' me mmaraka oa linaha tse tsoelang pele o ntse o le mothating oa kholo, ka hona e tla ba tšusumetso e kholo ea kholo ea ts'ebeliso ea lefats'e ea cellulose ether nakong e tlang. . Bokhoni ba CMC bo teng United States ke 24,500 t/a, 'me kakaretso ea matla a cellulose ether e meng ke 74,200 t/a, e nang le kakaretso ea 98,700 t/a. Ka 2006, tlhahiso ea cellulose ether United States e ne e ka ba 90,600 t, tlhahiso ea CMC e ne e le 18,100 t, 'me tlhahiso ea cellulose ether e 'ngoe e ne e le 72,500 t. Theko e tsoang kantle ho naha e ne e le lithane tse 48,100, thepa e romelloang kantle e le lithane tse 37,500, 'me ho bonahala eka tšebeliso e fihlile ho lithane tse 101,200. Tšebeliso ea cellulose Europe Bophirimela e ne e le lithane tse 197,000 ka 2006 'me ho lebeletsoe ho boloka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo sa 1% lilemong tse hlano tse tlang. Europe ke moreki e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa cellulose ether lefatšeng, e etsang 39% ea kakaretso ea lefats'e, e lateloe ke Asia le Amerika Leboea. CMC ke mefuta e mengata ea tšebeliso, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 56% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso, e lateloa ke methyl cellulose ether le hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, e leng karolo ea 27% le 12% ea kakaretso, ka ho latellana. Karolelano ea selemo le selemo ea kholo ea cellulose ether e lebelletsoe ho lula ho 4.2% ho tloha 2006 ho ea 2011. Asia, Japane e lebelletsoe ho lula sebakeng se mpe, athe China e lebelletsoe ho boloka sekhahla sa kholo ea 9%. Amerika Leboea le Europe, tse nang le tšebeliso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, li tla hōla ka 2.6% le 2.1%, ka ho latellana.

3. Boemo ba hona joale le mokhoa oa ntlafatso oa indasteri ea CMC

Mmaraka oa CMC o arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e meraro: ea mantlha, ea mahareng le e hloekisitsoeng. Mmaraka oa lihlahisoa tsa mantlha tsa CMC o laoloa ke lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa China, tse lateloang ke CP Kelco, Amtex le Akzo Nobel ka liperesente tse 15, liperesente tse 14 le liperesente tse 9 tsa mmaraka ka ho latellana. CP Kelco le Hercules/Aqualon li etsa 28% le 17% ea 'maraka oa CMC o ntlafalitsoeng, ka ho latellana. Ka 2006, 69% ea lisebelisoa tsa CMC li ne li sebetsa lefatšeng ka bophara.

3.1 United States

Bokhoni ba hona joale ba tlhahiso ea CMC United States ke 24,500 t/a. Ka 2006, matla a tlhahiso ea CMC United States e ne e le 18,100 t. Bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong ke Hercules/Aqualon Company le Penn Carbose Company, ka matla a tlhahiso ea 20,000 t/a le 4,500 t/a, ka ho latellana. Ka 2006, thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea Amerika e ne e le lithane tse 26,800, thepa e romelloang kantle e le lithane tse 4,200, 'me ho bonahala tšebeliso e ne e le lithane tse 40,700. Ho lebelletsoe hore e tla hola ka sekhahla sa selemo sa 1.8 lekholong lilemong tse hlano tse tlang mme tšebeliso e lebelletsoe ho fihla ho lithane tse 45,000 ka 2011.

Bohloeki bo phahameng ba CMC(99.5%) bo sebelisoa haholo lijong, meriana le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea motho ka mong, 'me metsoako ea bohloeki bo phahameng le bo mahareng (e fetang 96%) e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea pampiri. Lihlahisoa tsa mantlha (65% ~ 85%) li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea litlolo, 'me likarolo tse setseng tsa mmaraka ke sebaka sa oli, masela joalo-joalo.

3.2 Europe Bophirimela

Ka 2006, CMC ea Europe Bophirimela e ne e e-na le matla a 188,000 t/a, tlhahiso ea 154,000 t, sekhahla sa ts'ebetso sa 82%, bophahamo ba thomello ea 58,000 t le bophahamo ba thepa ea kantle ea 4,000 t. Europe Bophirima, moo tlholisano e leng matla, lik'hamphani tse ngata li koala lifeme tse nang le matla a khale, haholo-holo tse hlahisang thepa ea mantlha, 'me li eketsa sekhahla sa ts'ebetso ea likarolo tse ling tsa tsona. Kamora ho ntlafatsoa, ​​​​lihlahisoa tsa mantlha ke CMC e hloekisitsoeng le lihlahisoa tsa mantlha tsa boleng bo holimo tsa CMC. Yuropa Bophirima ke mmaraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa cellulose ether hape ke morekisi o moholo ka ho fetesisa oa CMC le non-ionic cellulose ether. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, 'maraka oa Europe Bophirimela o kene sehlabeng,' me kholo ea tšebeliso ea cellulose ether e fokotsehile.

Ka 2006, tšebeliso ea CMC Europe Bophirima e ne e le lithane tse 102,000, ka boleng ba tšebeliso e ka bang $275 milione. Ho lebelletsoe ho boloka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa 1% lilemong tse hlano tse tlang.

3.3 Japane

Ka 2005, Shikoku Chemical Company e ile ea emisa tlhahiso femeng ea Tokushima 'me hona joale k'hamphani e kenya lihlahisoa tsa CMC ho tsoa naheng. Lilemong tse 10 tse fetileng, kakaretso ea bokhoni ba CMC Japane ha e le hantle e lula e sa fetoha, 'me litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso tsa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lihlahisoa le mela ea tlhahiso li fapane. Bokhoni ba lihlahisoa tse hloekisitsoeng bo eketsehile, bo etsang karolo ea 90% ea kakaretso ea CMC.

Joalo ka ha ho bonoa phepelong le tlhokong ea CMC naheng ea Japane lilemong tsa morao tjena, karolo ea lihlahisoa tsa maemo a holimo e ntse e eketseha selemo le selemo, e etsang karolo ea 89% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ka 2006, e hlahisoang haholo ke tlhoko ea 'maraka e phahameng. lihlahisoa tsa bohloeki. Hona joale, bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong ba fana ka lihlahisoa tsa litlhaloso tse sa tšoaneng, palo ea thepa ea thepa ea Japane CMC e ntse e eketseha butle-butle, hoo e ka bang hakanngoa ho ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang halofo ea kakaretso ea lihlahisoa, haholo-holo e romeloa United States, naha ea Chaena, Taiwan, Thailand le Indonesia. . Ka tlhokahalo e matla ho tsoa lekaleng la lefats'e la tsosoloso ea oli, mokhoa ona oa ho romelloa ka ntle o tla tsoela pele ho hola lilemong tse hlano tse tlang.

4,non-ionic cellulose ether indasteri boemo le mokhoa oa ntshetsopele

Tlhahiso ea MC le HEC e batla e tsepame haholo, 'me bahlahisi ba bararo ba nka karolo ea 90% ea karolo ea mmaraka. Tlhahiso ea HEC ke eona e tsepamisitsoeng ka ho fetisisa, 'me Hercules le Dow ba ikarabella ho feta 65% ea' maraka, 'me bahlahisi ba bangata ba cellulose ether ba tsepamisitse maikutlo letotong le le leng kapa tse peli. Hercules/Aqualon e etsa mela e meraro ea lihlahisoa hammoho le HPC le EC. Ka 2006, lebelo la lefats'e la ts'ebetso ea MC le HEC e ne e le 73% le 89%, ka ho latellana.

4.1 United States

Dow Wolff Celluosies le Hercules/Aqualon, bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong ba ether bao e seng ionic cellulose US, ba na le kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea 78,200 t/a. Tlhahiso ea nonionic cellulose ether United States ka 2006 e ne e ka ba 72,500 t.

Nonionic cellulose ether e sebelisoa United States ka 2006 e ne e ka ba 60,500 t. Har'a tsona, tšebeliso ea MC le lihlahisoa tsa eona e ne e le lithane tse 30,500, 'me tšebeliso ea HEC e ne e le lithane tse 24,900.

4.1.1 MC/HPMC

United States, ke Dow feela e etsang MC/HPMC e nang le matla a tlhahiso ea 28,600 t/a. Ho na le likarolo tse peli, 15,000 t/a le 13,600 t/a ka ho latellana. Ka tlhahiso ea hoo e ka bang 20,000 t ka 2006, Dow Chemical e na le karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea 'maraka oa kaho, e kopantseng Dow Wolff Cellulosics ka 2007. E ekelitse khoebo ea eona' marakeng oa kaho.

Hajoale, 'maraka oa MC/HPMC naheng ea United States o se o tletse. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, kholo ea 'maraka e batla e lieha. Ka 2003, tšebeliso ke 25,100 t, 'me ka 2006, tšebeliso ea eona ke 30,500 t, eo lihlahisoa tsa 60% li sebelisoang indastering ea kaho, hoo e ka bang 16,500 t.

Liindasteri tse kang tsa kaho le lijo le meriana ke tsona tse susumetsang nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa MC/HPMC US, athe tlhoko e tsoang indastering ea polymer e tla lula e sa fetohe.

4.1.2 HEC le CHEC

Ka 2006, tšebeliso ea HEC le derivative carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC) United States e ne e le 24,900 t. Tšebeliso e lebelletsoe ho hola ka sekhahla sa karolelano ea selemo sa 1.8% ka 2011.

4.2 Europe Bophirimela

Europe Bophirimela ke sebaka sa pele sa tlhahiso ea cellulose ether lefatšeng, hape ke sebaka se nang le tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea MC/HPMC ka ho fetisisa. Ka 2006, thekiso ea MCS ea Europe Bophirimela le lihlahisoa tsa tsona (HEMCs le HPMCS) le HECs le EHECs e ne e le $419 milione le $166 milione, ka ho latellana. Ka 2004, matla a tlhahiso ea ether e seng ea ionic cellulose Europe Bophirimela e ne e le 160,000 t/a. Ka 2007, tlhahiso e fihlile ho 184,000 t/a, mme tlhahiso e fihlile ho 159,000 t. Bophahamo ba thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e ne e le 20,000 t mme bophahamo ba thepa e tsoang kantle e ne e le 85,000 t. Bokhoni ba eona ba tlhahiso ea MC/HPMC bo fihla ho 100,000 t/a.

Tšebeliso ea cellulose e seng ea ionic Europe Bophirimela e ne e le lithane tse 95 000 ka 2006. Kakaretso ea thekiso ea thekiso e fihla ho liranta tse limilione tse 600 tsa US, 'me tšebeliso ea MC le lihlahisoa tsa eona, HEC, EHEC le HPC ke 67,000 t, 26,000 t le 2,000 t, ka ho latellana. Chelete e ts'oanang ea ts'ebeliso ke lidolara tse limilione tse 419, lidolara tse limilione tse 166 le lidolara tse limilione tse 15, 'me sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo se tla bolokoa hoo e ka bang 2% lilemong tse hlano tse tlang. Ka 2011, tšebeliso ea ether e se nang ionic cellulose Europe Bophirimela e tla fihla ho 105,000 t.

Mmaraka oa tšebeliso ea MC/HPMC Europe Bophirima o kene sehlabeng, ka hona kholo ea tšebeliso ea cellulose ether Europe Bophirima e fokotsehile lilemong tsa morao tjena. Tšebeliso ea MC le lihlahisoa tsa eona Europe Bophirimela e ne e le 62,000 t ka 2003 le 67,000 t ka 2006, e leng karolo ea 34% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea cellulose ether. Lekala le leholo ka ho fetisisa la tšebeliso ea thepa hape ke indasteri ea kaho.

4.3 Japane

Shin-yue Chemical ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong lefatšeng ka bophara oa methyl cellulose le lihlahisoa tsa eona. Ka 2003 e ile ea fumana Clariant ea Jeremane; Ka 2005 e ile ea atolosa semela sa eona sa Naoetsu ho tloha ho 20,000 L/a ho ea ho 23,000 t/a. Ka 2006, Shin-Yue e ile ea holisa matla a cellulose ether ea SE Tulose ho tloha ho 26,000 t/aa ho isa ho 40,000 t/a, 'me joale kakaretso ea selemo ea khoebo ea Shin-Yue ea cellulose ether lefatšeng ka bophara e ka ba 63,000 t/a. Ka Hlakubele 2007, Shin-etsu e ile ea emisa tlhahiso ea lintho tse nkiloeng ho cellulose setsing sa eona sa Naoetsu ka lebaka la ho phatloha. Tlhahiso e qalile hape ka Mots'eanong 2007. Shin-etsu e rera ho reka MC bakeng sa thepa ea moaho ho tsoa ho Dow le barekisi ba bang ha lihlahisoa tsohle tsa cellulose li fumaneha femeng.

Ka 2006, kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea Japane ea cellulose ether ntle le CMC e ne e ka ba 19,900 t. Tlhahiso ea MC, HPMC le HEMC e bile karolo ea 85% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso. Litholoana tsa MC le HEC e ne e le 1.69 t le 2 100 t, ka ho latellana. Ka 2006, kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea nonionic cellulose ether Japane e ne e le 11,400 t. Sephetho sa MC le HEC ke 8500t le 2000t ka ho latellana.

5,mmaraka oa lehae oa cellulose ether

5.1 Bokhoni ba tlhahiso

China ke mohlahisi le moreki e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa CMC, e nang le bahlahisi ba fetang 30 le kakaretso ea kholo ea selemo le selemo e fetang 20%. Ka 2007, tlhahiso ea China ea CMC e ne e ka ba 180,000 t/a mme tlhahiso e ne e le 65,000 ~ 70,000 t. CMC e nka hoo e ka bang 85% ea kakaretso, 'me lihlahisoa tsa eona li sebelisoa haholo ho koahela, ho lokisa lijo le ho ntša oli e tala. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tlhokahalo ea malapeng ea lihlahisoa tse ling tsa cellulose ether ntle le CMC e ntse e eketseha. Haholo-holo, indasteri ea meriana e hloka HPMC ea boleng bo holimo le MC.

Lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele le tlhahiso ea indasteri ea nonionic cellulose ether e qalile ka 1965. Sehlopha se seholo sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ke Wuxi Chemical Research and Design Institute. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea HPMC ho Luzhou Chemical Plant le Hui 'an Chemical Plant li hatetse pele ka potlako. Ho latela lipatlisiso, lilemong tsa morao tjena, tlhoko ea HPMC naheng ea rona e ntse e hola ka 15% ka selemo, mme boholo ba lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea HPMC naheng ea rona li thehiloe ka bo-1980 le bo-1990. Luzhou Chemical Plant Tianpu Fine Chemical e qalile ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho nts'etsapele HPMC hape mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980, 'me butle-butle ea fetoha le ho hola ho tloha lisebelisoa tse nyane. Mathoasong a 1999, lisebelisoa tsa HPMC le MC tse nang le kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea 1400 t / a li ile tsa thehoa, 'me boleng ba sehlahisoa bo fihlile boemong ba machaba. Ka 2002, naha ea rona ea tlhahiso ea MC/HPMC e ka ba 4500 t/a, boholo ba tlhahiso ea semela se le seng ke 1400 t/a, e hahiloeng le ho kenngoa ts'ebetsong ka 2001 Luzhou North Chemical Industry Co., LTD. Hercules Temple Chemical Co., Ltd. e na le Luzhou Leboea ho Luzhou le Tempele ea Suzhou e Zhangjiagang metheo e 'meli ea tlhahiso, matla a tlhahiso ea methyl cellulose ether e fihlile ho 18 000 t/a. Ka 2005, tlhahiso ea MC/HPMC e ka ba 8 000 t, 'me khoebo e ka sehloohong ea tlhahiso ke Shandong Ruitai Chemical Co., LTD. Ka 2006, kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea MC/HPMC naheng ea rona e ne e ka ba 61,000 t/a, mme matla a tlhahiso ea HEC e ne e ka ba 12,000 t/a. Boholo bo qalile tlhahiso ka 2006. Ho na le bahlahisi ba fetang 20 ba MC/HPMC. HEMC. Kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea nonionic cellulose ether ka 2006 e ne e ka ba 30-40,000 t. Tlhahiso ea malapeng ea cellulose ether e qhalakanngoa haholoanyane, likhoebo tse teng tsa tlhahiso ea cellulose ether ho fihlela ho 50 kapa joalo.

5.2 Tšebeliso

Ka 2005, tšebeliso ea MC/HPMC naheng ea China e ne e batla e le 9 000 t, haholo indastering ea tlhahiso ea polymer le kaho. Tšebeliso ea nonionic cellulose ether ka 2006 e ne e ka ba 36,000 t.

5.2.1 Thepa ea mohaho

MC/HPMC hangata e eketsoa ho samente, seretse le seretse linaheng tsa kantle ho ntlafatsa boleng ba kaho le katleho. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka tsoelo-pele ea 'maraka oa kaho ea malapeng, haholo-holo keketseho ea mehaho e phahameng. Tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea thepa ea boleng bo holimo e khothalelitse keketseho ea tšebeliso ea MC/HPMC. Hajoale, MC/HPMC ea lapeng e eketsoa haholo leboteng la tile glue phofo, gypsum grade scraping putty, gypsum caulking putty le lisebelisoa tse ling. Ka 2006, tšebeliso ea MC/HPMC indastering ea kaho e ne e le 10 000 t, e leng karolo ea 30% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea lapeng. Ka nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa kaho ea lehae, haholoholo ntlafatso ea tekanyo ea kaho ea mochini, hammoho le ntlafatso ea litlhoko tsa boleng ba moaho, ts'ebeliso ea MC/HPMC lebaleng la kaho e tla tsoela pele ho eketseha, mme ts'ebeliso e lebelletsoe. ho fihlela ho feta 15 000 t ka 2010.

5.2.2 Polyvinyl chloride

Tlhahiso ea PVC ka mokhoa oa ho emisa ke sebaka sa bobeli se seholo sa tšebeliso ea MC/HPMC. Ha mokhoa oa ho emisa o sebelisoa ho hlahisa PVC, mokhoa oa ho hasana o ama ka ho toba boleng ba sehlahisoa sa polymer le sehlahisoa sa sona se felileng. Ho eketsa palo e nyane ea HPMC ho ka khona ho laola kabo ea boholo ba likaroloana tsa sistimi ea ho hasana le ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba mocheso oa resin. Ka kakaretso, chelete ea tlatsetso ke 0.03% -0.05% ea tlhahiso ea PVC. Ka 2005, tlhahiso ea naha ea polyvinyl chloride (PVC) e ne e le 6.492 million t, eo mokhoa oa ho emisa o neng o le 88%, 'me tšebeliso ea HPMC e ne e ka ba 2 000 t. Ho ea ka mokhoa oa tsoelo-pele oa tlhahiso ea PVC ea malapeng, ho lebeletsoe hore tlhahiso ea PVC e tla fihla ho feta limilione tse 10 t ka 2010. Ho emisa polymerization mokhoa o bonolo, o bonolo ho o laola, 'me o bonolo ho o etsa tlhahiso e kholo. Sehlahisoa se na le litšobotsi tsa ho ikamahanya le maemo ka matla, e leng theknoloji e etellang pele ea tlhahiso ea PVC nakong e tlang, kahoo palo ea HPMC tšimong ea polymerization e tla tsoela pele ho eketseha, chelete e lebeletsoe hore e ka ba 3 000 t ka 2010.

5.2.3 Lipente, lijo le meriana

Liaparo le tlhahiso ea lijo / meriana le tsona ke libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa tšebeliso ea MC/HPMC. Tšebeliso ea malapeng ke 900 t le 800 t ka ho latellana. Ho feta moo, lik'hemik'hale tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, li-adhesives joalo-joalo li boetse li ja palo e itseng ea MC / HPMC. Nakong e tlang, tlhoko ea MC/HPMC makaleng ana a likopo e tla tsoela pele ho eketseha.

Ho latela tlhahlobo e ka holimo. Ka 2010, kakaretso ea tlhoko ea MC/HPMC naheng ea China e tla fihla ho 30 000 t.

5.3 Tlisa le ho Romela kantle

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea moruo oa rona le tlhahiso ea cellulose ether, indasteri ea khoebo ea thepa ea cellulose ether le ea kantle ho naha e ntse e hola ka potlako, 'me lebelo la thomello le feta hole lebelo la ho reka kantle ho naha.

Ka lebaka la boleng bo phahameng ba HPMC le MC tse hlokoang ke indasteri ea meriana ha li khone ho kopana le tlhokahalo ea 'maraka, kahoo ka tlhokahalo ea' maraka ea kholo ea boleng bo phahameng ba cellulose ether, karolelano ea selemo le selemo ea kholo ea ho kenngoa ha cellulose ether e fihlile hoo e ka bang 36% ho tloha 2000 ho ea ho. 2007. Pele ho 2003, naha ea rona ha e le hantle e ne e sa romele kantle ho naha lihlahisoa tsa cellulose ether. Ho tloha ka 2004, thomello ea cellulose ether e feta l000 t lekhetlo la pele. Ho tloha ka 2004 ho isa ho 2007, sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo se ne se le 10%. Ka 2007, palo ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e fetile palo ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, eo har'a eona lihlahisoa tsa kantle ho naha e leng haholo ionic cellulose ether.

6. Tlhahlobo ea tlhōlisano ea indasteri le litlhahiso tsa ntlafatso

6.1 Tlhahlobo ea lintlha tsa tlhōlisano ea indasteri

6.1.1 Lisebelisoa tse tala

Tlhahiso ea cellulose ether ea thepa ea pele e tala ke makhasi a lehong, ho phahama ha theko ea potoloho ea theko, ho bonts'a potoloho ea indasteri le tlhoko ea makhasi a patsi. Mohloli oa bobeli o moholo oa cellulose ke lint. Mohloli oa eona o na le phello e fokolang ho potoloho ea indasteri. Haholo-holo e khethoa ke kotulo ea k'hothone. Ho hlahisoa ha cellulose ether ho ja makhasi a lehong a fokolang ho feta lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale, tse kang fiber ea acetate le viscose fiber. Bakeng sa bahlahisi, litheko tsa thepa e tala ke tšokelo e kholo ho kholo.

6.1.2 Litlhoko

Tšebeliso ea cellulose ether libakeng tse sebelisoang ka bongata joalo ka sesepa, likoatipa, lihlahisoa tsa moaho le li-oilfield agents tsa kalafo li nka karolo e ka tlase ho 50% ea kakaretso ea 'maraka oa cellulose ether. Karolo e setseng ea bareki e arohane. Tšebeliso ea cellulose ether e baka karolo e nyane ea tšebeliso ea thepa e tala libakeng tsena. Ka hona, likhoebo tsena tsa terminal ha li na sepheo sa ho hlahisa cellulose ether empa ho reka 'marakeng. Tšokelo ea 'maraka haholo-holo e tsoa ho lisebelisoa tse ling tse nang le mesebetsi e tšoanang le ea cellulose ether.

6.1.3 Tlhahiso

Tšitiso ea ho kena ea sehlopha sa indasteri ea CMC e tlase ho feta ea HEC le MC, empa CMC e hloekisitsoeng e na le tšitiso e phahameng ea ho kena le theknoloji e rarahaneng ea tlhahiso. Litšitiso tsa tekheniki tsa ho kena tlhahisong ea li-HEC le MCS li phahame, e leng se etsang hore ho be le barekisi ba fokolang ba lihlahisoa tsena. Mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea li-HEC le MCS e sephiri haholo. Litlhoko tsa taolo ea ts'ebetso li rarahane haholo. Bahlahisi ba ka hlahisa limaraka tse ngata le tse fapaneng tsa lihlahisoa tsa HEC le MC.

6.1.4 Bahlolisani ba bacha

Tlhahiso e hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa morao-rao 'me litšenyehelo tsa tikoloho li holimo. polante e ncha ea 10,000 t/a e ka bitsa $90 milione ho isa ho $130 milione. United States, Europe Bophirimela le Japane. Khoebo ea cellulose ether hangata ha e na moruo ho feta ho tsetela hape. Limmarakeng tse teng. Lifeme tse ncha ha li na tlhōlisano. Leha ho le jwalo, matsete a naha ya rona a batla a le tlase mme mmaraka wa rona wa lehae o na le tebello e ntle ya ntshetsopele. Ka tsoelopele ea theknoloji. Matsete kahong ea thepa e ntse e eketseha. Kahoo ho theha tšitiso e phahameng ea moruo ho batho ba bacha ba kenang sekolo. Esita le bahlahisi ba teng ba hloka ho atolosa tlhahiso haeba maemo a lumela.

Matsete ho R&D bakeng sa HECs le MCS e tlameha ho bolokoa molemong oa ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ncha le lits'ebetso tse ncha. Ka lebaka la ethylene le propylene oxides. Indasteri ea eona ea tlhahiso e na le kotsi e kholoanyane. 'Me theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ea CMC ea fumaneha. 'Me moeli o batlang o le bonolo oa matsete o tlase. Tlhahiso ea sehlopha se hloekisitsoeng e hloka matsete a maholo le theknoloji e rarahaneng.

6.1.5 Mokhoa oa hajoale oa tlholisano naheng ea rona

Ketsahalo ea tlholisano e senyehileng e boetse e teng indastering ea cellulose ether. Ha ho bapisoa le merero e meng ea lik'hemik'hale. Cellulose ether ke letsete le lenyane. Nako ea kaho e khutšoanyane. E sebedisoang haholo. Boemo ba hona joale ba 'maraka boa khothatsa, hobane keketseho e sa laoleheng ea ts'ebetso ea indasteri e tebile haholoanyane. Phaello ea indasteri ea theoha. Leha sekhahla sa ts'ebetso sa CMC sa hajoale se amoheleha. Empa ha bokhoni bo bocha bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho lokolloa. Tlholisano ea 'maraka e tla ba matla le ho feta.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ka lebaka la matla a mangata a lapeng. CMC output 13 e bolokile kholo e potlakileng. Empa selemong sena, sekgahla sa phokotso ya lekgetho la diyantle, kananelo ya RMB e entse hore phaello ya dihlahiswa kantle ho naha e theohe. Ka hona, matlafatsa phetoho ea tekheniki. Ho ntlafatsa boleng ba lihlahisoa le ho romela lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo phahameng ke ntho e ka sehloohong ea indasteri. Naha ea habo rona indasteri ea cellulose ether e bapisoa le kantle ho naha. Leha ho le joalo, ha se khoebo e nyenyane. Empa khaello ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri, phetoho ea 'maraka e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho etelletseng pele likhoebo. Ho isa boholeng bo itseng, e sitisitse matsete a indasteri ho ntlafatso ea theknoloji.

6.2 Litlhahiso

(1) Eketsa lipatlisiso tse ikemetseng le boiteko ba ho nchafatsa ho hlahisa mefuta e mecha. Ionic cellulose ether e emeloa ke CMC(sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). E na le nalane e telele ea nts'etsopele. Tlas'a ts'usumetso e tsoelang pele ea tlhokahalo ea 'maraka. Lihlahisoa tsa Nonionic cellulose ether li hlahile lilemong tsa morao tjena. E bonts'a sekhahla se matla sa kholo. Boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa cellulose ether bo khethoa haholo-holo ke bohloeki. Machabeng. United States Food and Drug Administration le litlhoko tse ling tse hlakileng tsa bohloeki ba lihlahisoa tsa CMC li lokela ho ba ka holimo ho 99.5%. Hajoale, tlhahiso ea naha ea rona ea CMC e ikarabella bakeng sa 1/3 ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e. Empa boleng ba sehlahisoa bo tlase, 1: 1 hangata ke lihlahisoa tse tlase, boleng bo tlase bo ekelitsoeng. CMC e romela kantle ho naha ho feta tse tsoang kantle ho naha selemo se seng le se seng. Empa kakaretso ea boleng e tšoana. Nonionic cellulose ethers le tsona li na le tlhahiso e tlase haholo. Ka hona, ke habohlokoa ho eketsa tlhahiso le nts'etsopele ea nonionic cellulose ether. Jwale. Dikgwebo tsa kantle ho naha di tla naheng ya rona ho tla kopanya dikgwebo le ho aha difeme. Naha ea rona e lokela ho nka monyetla oa nts'etsopele ho khothaletsa boemo ba tlhahiso le boleng ba sehlahisoa. Lilemong tsa morao tjena. Tlhokahalo ea lehae ea lihlahisoa tse ling tsa cellulose ether ntle le CMC ea eketseha. Haholo-holo, indasteri ea meriana e hloka HPMC ea boleng bo holimo mme MC e ntse e hloka palo e itseng ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Ntlafatso le tlhahiso li lokela ho hlophisoa.

(2) Ntlafatsa boemo ba theknoloji ea lisebelisoa. Boemo ba lisebelisoa tsa mochini tsa ts'ebetso ea tlhoekiso ea malapeng bo tlase. Thibela ka ho teba ntshetsopele ya indasteri. Ho se hloeke ho ka sehloohong ho sehlahisoa ke sodium chloride. Pele. Tripod centrifuge e sebelisoa haholo naheng ea rona. Ts'ebetso ea tlhoekiso ke ts'ebetso ea nakoana, matla a phahameng a basebetsi, tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla. Boleng ba sehlahisoa le bona bo thata ho ntlafatsa. Mokhatlo oa naha oa indasteri ea cellulose ether o qalile ho sebetsana le bothata bona ka 2003. Hona joale ho fihletsoe liphello tse khothatsang. Bohloeki ba lihlahisoa tse ling tsa likhoebo bo fihlile ho feta 99.5%. Holim'a moo. Ho na le lekhalo lipakeng tsa degree ea automation ea mohala oohle oa tlhahiso le oa linaha tsa kantle. Ho khothalletsoa ho nahana ka ho kopanya lisebelisoa tsa kantle ho naha le thepa ea lapeng. Sehokelo sa mantlha se ts'ehetsang thepa ea kantle ho naha. Ho ntlafatsa boiketsetso ba mohala oa tlhahiso. Ha ho bapisoa le lihlahisoa tsa ionic, ether e seng ea ionic cellulose e hloka boemo bo phahameng ba tekheniki. Ho potlakile ho phunyeletsa litšitiso tsa tekheniki tsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso.

(3) Ela hloko litaba tsa tikoloho le lisebelisoa. Selemo sena ke selemo sa rona sa ho boloka matla le ho fokotsa mosi. Ho bohlokoa haholo hore nts'etsopele ea indasteri e tšoare bothata ba mehloli ea tikoloho ka nepo. Metsi a likhoerekhoere a tsoang indastering ea cellulose ether haholo-holo ke metsi a qhibilihisitsoeng a nang le letsoai le phahameng le COD e phahameng. Mekhoa ea biochemical e khethoa.

Naheng ya rona. Ntho e ka sehloohong e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea cellulose ether ke boea ba k'hothone. Boea ba k'hothone e ne e le litšila tsa temo pele ho lilemo tsa bo-1980, ho bo sebelisa ho hlahisa cellulose ether ke ho fetola litšila indastering ea matlotlo. Leha ho le joalo. Ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea fiber ea viscose le liindasteri tse ling. Velvet e khutšoanyane ea k'hothone e se e le khale e le letlotlo la letlotlo. Tlhokahalo e behiloe ho feta phepelo. Likhamphani li lokela ho khothaletsoa ho reka makhasi a patsi ho tsoa linaheng tse ling joalo ka Russia, Brazil le Canada. E le ho fokotsa bothata ba khaello e ntseng e eketseha ea lisebelisoa tse tala, boea ba k'hothone bo nkeloa sebaka.