Waa maxay hydrocolloid ka samaysan?

Hydrocolloids waxay caadi ahaan ka kooban yihiin unugyo silsilad-dheer leh oo leh qayb biyo-soo-jiid ah (biyo-soo-jiid) waxayna sidoo kale yeelan karaan gobollada hydrophobic (biyo-celinta). Unugyadan waxaa laga soo saari karaa ilo dabiici ah oo kala duwan ama kuwo synthetic ah waxayna awood u leeyihiin inay sameeyaan jel ama kala firdhiso viscous marka lagu kala firdhiyo biyaha ama xalalka aqueous.

Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah noocyada caanka ah ee hydrocolloids iyo ilaha laga helo:

1. Polysaccharides:
   • Agar: Waxa laga soo qaatay geedo badeed, agar waxa uu ka kooban yahay agarose iyo agaropectin, kuwaas oo ah polysaccharides oo ka kooban unugyo galactose ah oo soo noqnoqda iyo sonkorta galactose ee la bedelay.
   • Alginate: Waxa laga helay algae brown, alginate waa polysaccharide ka kooban mannuronic acid iyo unugyo aashitada guluronic, oo loo habeeyey isku xigxig kala duwan.
   • Pectin: Waxaa laga helaa gidaarada unugga miraha, pectin waa polysaccharide adag oo ka kooban unugyo acid galacturonic oo leh heerar kala duwan oo methylation ah.
2. Borotiinno:
   • Gelatin: Laga soo bilaabo kolajka, jelatin waa hydrocolloid borotiin ah oo ka kooban amino acids, oo u badan glycine, proline, iyo hydroxyproline.
   • Casein: Waxaa laga helaa caanaha, casein waa koox fosforootein ah oo sameysa hydrocolloids iyadoo ay joogaan ions calcium ee xaaladaha acidic.
3. Polymers-ka-samaynta:
   • Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): polymer semi-synthetic ah oo laga soo qaatay cellulose, HPMC ayaa kiimiko ahaan wax laga beddelay si loogu soo bandhigo kooxaha hydroxypropyl iyo methyl ee lafta dhabarka cellulose.
   • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): Waxa kale oo laga soo qaatay cellulose, CMC waxa ay martaa karboxymethylation si ay u soo bandhigto kooxaha karboxymethyl ee qaab dhismeedka cellulose.

Hydrocolloids-yadani waxay leeyihiin qaabab gaar ah oo kiimiko ah iyo kooxo shaqeynaya kuwaas oo awood u siinaya inay la falgalaan molecules biyaha iyada oo loo marayo isku xidhka hydrogen, isdhexgalka elektrostatic, iyo xoogagga fuuq-celinta. Natiijo ahaan, waxay soo bandhigaan sifooyin rheological gaar ah, sida viscosity, gelation, iyo awoodaha filim samaynta, taas oo ka dhigaysa maaddooyin qiimo leh oo ku jira codsiyada warshadaha kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan cuntada, daawooyinka, qurxinta, iyo dharka.