Alaabooyinka ether-ka ee cellulose-ka-milmi kara

Habka isku xidhka, dariiqa iyo sifooyinka noocyada kala duwan ee wakiilada isku xidhka iyo eter cellulose-ka biyaha ku milma ayaa la soo bandhigay. Beddelka isdhaafsiga, viscosity, guryaha rheological, solubility iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee ether-ka cellulose-ka ee biyaha ku milma ayaa si weyn loo wanaajin karaa, si kor loogu qaado waxqabadka codsigeeda. Sida laga soo xigtay qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada iyo sifooyinka crosslinkers kala duwan, noocyada cellulose ether crosslinking falcelinta wax ka beddelka ayaa la soo koobay, iyo tilmaamaha horumarinta crosslinkers kala duwan ee beeraha codsiga ee ether cellulose ayaa la soo koobay. Iyadoo la eegayo waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan ee ether-biyoodka-milmi-biyoodka ah ee lagu beddelay isku-xidhka iyo daraasadaha yar ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, wax-ka-beddelka mustaqbalka ee ether cellulose wuxuu leeyahay rajooyin ballaaran oo horumarineed. Tan waxaa loogu talagalay tixraaca cilmi-baarayaasha iyo shirkadaha wax soo saarka ee ku habboon.
Erayada muhiimka ah: wax ka beddelka isku-xidhka; Eter cellulose; Qaab dhismeedka kiimikada; Soluble; Waxqabadka codsiga

Cellulose ether ay sabab u tahay wax qabadkeeda ugu fiican, sida wakiilka dhumucdiisuna, wakiilka haynta biyaha, koollada, binder iyo kala firdhiso, kolloid ilaalinta, stabilizer, wakiilka ganaax, emulsifier iyo wakiilka samaynta filim, si ballaaran loo isticmaalo daahan, dhismaha, batroolka, kiimikaad maalinlaha ah, cuntada iyo dawooyinka iyo warshadaha kale. Cellulose ether inta badan waxaa ku jira methyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose iyo noocyada kale ee ether isku qasan. Ether-ka Cellulose wuxuu ka samaysan yahay fiber suuf ah ama alwaax alkalization, etherification, centrifugation centrifugation, qalajinta, habka shiidi diyaarsan, isticmaalka wakiilada etherification guud ahaan isticmaalaan alkane halogenated ama epoxy alkane.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka codsiga ee ether cellulose biyo-milmi leh, itimaalka ayaa la kulmi doona deegaan gaar ah, sida heerkulka sare iyo hoose, deegaanka acid-saldhig, deegaanka ionic adag, deegaanka kuwaas oo keeni doona dhumucdiisuna, milanka, haynta biyaha, adhesion, xabagta, joojinta xasilloon iyo emulsification of ether cellulose biyaha-milmi kara ayaa si weyn u saameeyaa, iyo xataa waxay keenaysaa in ay si buuxda u lumiso hawsheeda.
Si loo wanaajiyo waxqabadka codsiga ee ether cellulose, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo daaweyn iskuxiran, iyada oo la adeegsanayo wakiilada isku-dhafan ee kala duwan, wax-soo-saarka alaabtu waa ka duwan yahay. Iyada oo ku saleysan daraasadda noocyada kala duwan ee wakiilada isku-dhafka ah iyo hababka isku-dhafan, oo ay weheliso tignoolajiyada isku-dhafka ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka warshadaha, warqadani waxay ka hadlaysaa isku-xidhka ether-ka cellulose ee leh noocyada kala duwan ee wakiilada isku-dhafan, iyagoo bixinaya tixraac ku saabsan isbeddelka is-beddelka ee ether cellulose. .

1.Structure iyo mabda'a crosslinking ee ether cellulose

Eter cellulosewaa nooc ka mid ah derivatives cellulose, kaas oo lagu farsameeyey by falcelinta beddelka ether saddex kooxood hydroxyl khamriga on molecules cellulose dabiiciga ah iyo alkane halogenated ama epoxide alkane. Sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshaha beddelka, qaabka iyo sifooyinka ether cellulose way kala duwan yihiin. Dareen-celinta isku-xidhka ee ether-ka cellulose waxay inta badan ku lug leedahay etherification ama esterification -OH (OH ee giraanta unugga gulukooska ama -OH ee beddelka ama karboksylka beddelka) iyo wakiilka isku-gudbinta ee leh laba-jibbaaran ama kooxo badan oo shaqeynaya, markaa laba ama unugyo badan oo unugyo ah oo cellulose ah ayaa isku xidhan si ay u sameeyaan qaab-dhismeed shabakadeed meelo badan. Taasi waa ether cellulose ah oo isku xiran.
Guud ahaan marka loo hadlo, ether cellulose iyo wakiilka iskutallaabta ee xal aqueous ka kooban -OH sida HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC iyo CMC waa la etherified ama esterified crosslinked. Sababtoo ah CMC waxay ka kooban tahay ion karboksilic acid, kooxaha shaqeeya ee ku jira wakiilka isgoysyada waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa iskutallaabta leh ion karboksilic acid.
Ka dib falcelinta -OH ama -COO- in cellulose ether molecule la wakiilka crosslinking, ay sabab u tahay hoos u dhigista content ee kooxaha biyaha milma iyo formation of qaab-dhismeedka network multi-cabbir ah in xal, ay milanka, rheology iyo guryaha farsamo. waa la bedeli doonaa. Adigoo isticmaalaya walaxyo isdhaafsi oo kala duwan si ay ula falgalaan ether cellulose, waxqabadka codsiga ee etherka cellulose waa la horumarin doonaa. Eter cellulose ku habboon codsiga warshadaha ayaa la diyaariyey.

2. Noocyada wakiilada isdhaafka ah

2.1 Aldehydes isku xidhka wakiilada
Aldehyde walxaha isku xidha waxay tixraacaan xeryahooda dabiiciga ah ee ay ku jiraan kooxda aldehyde (-CHO), kuwaas oo kiimiko ahaan u firfircoon oo ka falcelin kara hydroxyl, ammonia, amide iyo xeryahooda kale. Aldehyde crosslinking agents ee loo isticmaalo cellulose iyo kuwa ka soo jeeda waxaa ka mid ah formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, glyceraldehyde, iwm. Kooxda Aldehyde waxay si fudud ula falcelin kartaa laba -OH si ay u sameeyaan acetals hoos yimaada xaalado acidic daciif ah, falcelintuna waa la bedeli karaa. Ether-yada cellulose-ka caadiga ah ee ay wax ka beddeleen wakiilada iskutallaabta aldehydes waa HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC, CMC iyo ethers kale oo cellulose aqueous ah.
Koox aldehyde ah oo keli ah ayaa isku xidha laba kooxood oo hydroxyl ah oo ku yaal silsiladda molecular ether cellulose, iyo molecules ether cellulose waxay ku xiran yihiin samaynta acetals, samaynta qaab dhismeed shabakad, si ay u bedesho milmaheeda. Sababtoo ah falcelinta xorta ah -OH ee u dhaxaysa wakiilka aldehyde crosslinking iyo cellulose ether, qadarka kooxaha hydrophilic kelli waa la dhimay, taasoo keentay liidata biyaha ee alaabta. Sidaa darteed, iyada oo la xakameynayo qadarka wakiilka isku-dhafka ah, isku-dhafka dhexdhexaadka ah ee ether-ka cellulose wuxuu dib u dhigi karaa wakhtiga fuuq-celinta wuxuuna ka hortagayaa in alaabta si degdeg ah u milmaan xalalka aqueous, taasoo keentay in ay gudaha u galaan.
Saamaynta aldehyde crosslinking cellulose ether guud ahaan waxay kuxirantahay qadarka aldehyde, pH, lebiska falcelinta iskutallaabta, wakhtiga isku-xidhka, iyo heerkulka. Heerkulka aadka u sarreeya ama aad u hooseeya iyo pH waxay keeni doontaa isku xidhid aan la beddeli karin sababtoo ah hemiacetal oo gala acetal, taas oo u horseedi doonta etherka cellulose oo gebi ahaanba aan lagu milmi karin biyaha. Qadarka aldehyde iyo lebisnaanta falcelinta isku-xidhka ayaa si toos ah u saameeya heerka isku-xidhka ee etherka cellulose.
Formaldehyde wax yar ayaa loo istcimaalay isku xidhka cellulose ether sababtoo ah sunta sare iyo degellada sare. Waagii hore, formaldehyde waxaa loo isticmaali jiray wax badan oo ka mid ah dahaarka, dhejiska, dunta, iyo hadda waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu beddelay sunta hoose ee aan-formaldehyde ee isku-xidhka. Saamaynta isku-xidhka ee glutaraldehyde way ka fiican tahay tan glioxal, laakiin waxay leedahay ur adag, qiimaha glutaraldehydena waa mid aad u sarreeya. Tixgelinta guud, warshadaha, glioxal waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa in la isku xiro ether-ka cellulose-ka biyaha-milmi kara si loo hagaajiyo milanka alaabta. Guud ahaan heerkulka qolka, pH 5 ~ 7 xaaladaha aashitada daciifka ah ayaa la samayn karaa falcelin isdhaafsi ah. Ka dib marka la isku daro, wakhtiga fuuq-celinta iyo wakhtiga fuuq-celinta dhamaystiran ee ether cellulose ayaa noqon doona mid dheer, iyo ifafaale agglomeration waa la daciifin doonaa. Marka la barbardhigo alaabada aan is-dhaafin, milanka ether-ka cellulose waa ka fiican yahay, mana jiri doono badeecooyin aan la kala diri karin ee xalka, kaas oo ku habboon codsiga warshadaha. Markii Zhang Shuangjian uu diyaariyey hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, wakiilka crosslinking glyoxal ayaa la buufiyay ka hor inta aan la engegin si loo helo hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose degdeg ah oo leh kala firidhsan 100%, kaas oo aan isku dhejin marka la kala diri karo oo si degdeg ah u kala firdhiyey iyo kala dirid, taas oo xalliyey isku xidhka si wax ku ool ah. codsiga oo balaariyay goobta codsiga.
Xaaladda alkaline-ka, habka dib-u-celinta ee sameynta acetal waa la jebin doonaa, wakhtiga fuuq-celinta ee badeecada waa la gaabin doonaa, iyo sifooyinka kala dirida etherka cellulose iyada oo aan la isku xirin ayaa dib loo soo celin doonaa. Inta lagu jiro diyaarinta iyo soo saarista ether cellulose, falcelinta isdhaafsiga ee aldehydes waxaa badanaa la sameeyaa ka dib habka falcelinta etheration, ama marxaladda dareeraha ee habka dhaqidda ama marxaladda adag ka dib centrifugation. Guud ahaan, habka dhaqidda, lebbiska falcelinta is-goysyada ayaa wanaagsan, laakiin saameynta is-goysku waa mid liidata. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay xaddidaadda qalabka injineernimada, isku-dhafka isku-dhafka ah ee isku-dhafka ah ee marxaladda adag waa mid liidata, laakiin saameynta isku-xirnaanta ayaa ah mid aad u fiican oo qadarka wakiilka isku-dhafka ah ee loo isticmaalo waa mid yar.
Aldehydes crosslinking agents waxay wax ka beddeleen ether-ka cellulose-ka biyaha-milmi kara, marka lagu daro hagaajinta milmaheeda, waxaa sidoo kale jira warbixino loo isticmaali karo si loo hagaajiyo sifooyinka farsamada, xasiloonida viscosity iyo guryaha kale. Tusaale ahaan, Peng Zhang wuxuu isticmaalay glioxal si uu uga gudbo HEC, wuxuuna sahamiyay saamaynta isku-xidhka wakiilka isku-xidhka, isku-xidhka pH iyo heerkulka isku-tallaabta ee xoogga qoyan ee HEC. Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in marka la eego xaaladda ugu wanaagsan ee isku-xidhka, xoogga qoyan ee fiilada HEC ka dib marka la gooyo ay korodhay 41.5%, iyo waxqabadkeeda si weyn ayaa loo hagaajiyay. Zhang Jin waxa uu isticmaalay xabagta phenolic ee biyaha ku milma, glutaraldehyde iyo trichloroacetaldehyde si uu uga gudbo CMC. Marka la is barbar dhigo guryaha, xalalka xabagta phenolic ee biyaha ku milma ee CMC ayaa lahaa hoos u dhigista viscosity ugu yar ka dib daaweynta heerkulka sare, taas oo ah, iska caabinta heerkulka ugu fiican.
2.2 Kaarboksilic acid walxaha isku xidha
Kaarboksilic acid walxaha isku xidha waxay tixraacaan xeryahooda polycarboxylic acid, inta badan ay ku jiraan succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid iyo kuwa kale ee binary ama polycarboxylic acids. Kaarboksilic acid crosslinkers ayaa markii ugu horeysay loo adeegsaday isku xirka fiilooyinka dharka si loo hagaajiyo jilicsanaantooda. Habka isku xidhka ayaa ah sida soo socota: kooxda karboksylku waxay la falgalaan kooxda hydroxyl ee unugyadu cellulose si ay u soo saaraan esterified ester cellulose eter. Welch iyo Yang et al. waxay ahaayeen kuwii ugu horreeyay ee daraasad ku sameeya habka isku-xidhka isku-xidhka ee karboksylic acid crosslinkers. Habka isku-xidhka ayaa ahaa sidan soo socota: xaalado gaar ah, labada kooxood ee karboksylic acid ee iskuxiran ee kaarboxilic acid crosslinkers ayaa marka hore fuuqbaxay si ay u sameeyaan anhydride cyclic, iyo anhydride waxay ka falcelisay OH oo ku jira molecules cellulose si ay u sameeyaan ether cellulose crosslinked oo leh qaab dhismeed shabakadeed.
Walxaha isku xidha kaarboxylic acid guud ahaan waxay la falgalaan ether cellulose oo ay ku jiraan beddelka hydroxyl. Sababtoo ah walxaha isku-dhafan ee karboksylic acid waa biyo-milmi leh oo aan sun ahayn, waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay daraasadda alwaax, istaarij, chitosan iyo cellulose sannadihii la soo dhaafay.
Wax-ka-soo-saarka iyo wax-ka-beddelka is-beddelka esterification polymer-ka dabiiciga ah, si kor loogu qaado waxqabadka goobta codsigeeda.
Hu Hanchang iyo al. loo isticmaalo soodhiyam hypophosphite kicinta si loo qaato afar polycarboxylic acids oo leh qaabab molecular oo kala duwan: Propane tricarboxylic acid (PCA), 1,2,3, 4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), cis-CPTA, cis-CHHA (Cis-ChHA) ayaa la isticmaalay. si loo dhammeeyo dharka suufka ah. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in qaab-dhismeedka wareegga ah ee polycarboxylic acid dhammaynaysa dharka suufka ah uu leeyahay waxqabadka soo kabashada si fiican. Unugyada cyclic polycarboxylic acid molecules ayaa ah wakiilada isku xidhka ee suurtogalka ah ee waxtarka leh sababtoo ah adkeyntooda weyn iyo saameyntooda isku-xiran ee ka wanaagsan molecules silsiladda karboksilic acid.
Wang Jiwei iyo al. isticmaalay aashitada isku dhafka ah ee citric acid iyo acetic anhydride si ay u sameeyaan esterification iyo beddelka istaarijka. Markay tijaabiyeen sifooyinka xallinta biyaha iyo koollada hufnaanta, waxay ku soo gabagabeeyeen in istaarijka isku-dhafan ee la isku-jabiyey uu leeyahay xasillooni dhalaalaysa, hufnaanta koollada hoose iyo xasilloonida kulka ka wanaagsan ee istaarijka.
Kooxaha Aashitada Carboxylic waxay wanaajin karaan milmayntooda, biodegradability iyo sifooyin farsamo ka dib falcelinta isdhaafsiga falcelinta firfircoon -OH ee polymers kala duwan, iyo xeryahooda karboksilic acid waxay leeyihiin sifooyin aan sun ahayn ama sun yar, taas oo leh rajooyin ballaadhan oo isbeddelka isku xirka biyaha ether cellulose milmaya oo ku jira heerka cuntada, heerka dawooyinka iyo beeraha dahaarka.
2.3 Wakiilka isku xirka Epoxy
Wakiilka Epoxy crosslinking wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ama in ka badan kooxaha epoxy, ama xeryahooda epoxy oo ay ku jiraan kooxo firfircoon. Marka la eego ficilka kicinta, kooxaha epoxy iyo kooxaha shaqeeya waxay la falgalaan -OH ee xeryahooda organic si ay u abuuraan macromolecules oo leh qaab-dhismeedka shabakadda. Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa isku xirka ether cellulose.
Viscosity iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee eter cellulose waxaa lagu wanaajin karaa isku xirka epoxy. Epoxides ayaa markii ugu horreysay loo isticmaalay in lagu daweeyo fiilooyinka dharka waxayna muujiyeen saameyn dhammaystiran oo wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira warbixino yar oo ku saabsan isbeddelka isku-dhafan ee ether-ka cellulose by epoxides. Hu Cheng et al waxay soo saartay iskudarka cusub ee epoxy multifunctional: EPTA, kaas oo hagaajiyay xagasha soo kabashada qoyan ee dharka xariirta dhabta ah laga bilaabo 200º kahor daawaynta ilaa 280º. Waxaa intaa dheer, kharashka togan ee crosslinker-ku wuxuu si weyn u kordhiyey heerka midabaynta iyo heerka nuugista dharka xariirta dhabta ah ilaa dheeha aashitada. Wakiilka isku dhafka ah ee isku xirka epoxy ee ay adeegsato Chen Xiaohui et al. : polyetylen glycol diglycidyl ether (PGDE) waxay ku xidhan tahay jelatin. Isku xirka ka dib, gelatin hydrogel wuxuu leeyahay waxqabad soo kabasho laastikada ah oo aad u wanaagsan, oo leh heerka ugu sarreeya ee soo kabashada laastikada ilaa 98.03%. Iyada oo ku saleysan daraasadaha ku saabsan wax ka beddelka isku-dhafan ee polymers-ka dabiiciga ah sida dharka iyo jelatin by oksaydhyada dhexe ee suugaanta, wax ka beddelka isku-xiran ee ether cellulose leh epoxides sidoo kale waxay leedahay rajo rajo leh.
Epichlorohydrin (sidoo kale loo yaqaan epichlorohydrin) waa wakiilka iskutallaabta ee caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo daawaynta maaddooyinka polymer-ka dabiiciga ah ee ka kooban -OH, -NH2 iyo kooxaha kale ee firfircoon. Ka dib marka la isku xiro epichlorohydrin, viscosity, caabbinta acid iyo alkali, caabbinta heerkulka, caabbinta milixda, caabbinta dhogorta iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee walxaha ayaa la wanaajin doonaa. Sidaa darteed, adeegsiga epichlorohydrin ee isku-tallaabta ether-ka ee cellulose waxay leedahay cilmi-baaris weyn. Tusaale ahaan, Su Maoyao waxa uu sameeyay walax aad u adsorbent ah isaga oo isticmaalaya Eclorohydrin crosslinked CMC. Waxa uu ka hadlay saamaynta qaab dhismeedka shay, heerka beddelka iyo heerka isgoysyada ee guryaha xayeysiinta, oo uu ogaaday in qiimaha haynta biyaha (WRV) iyo qiimaha haynta brine (SRV) ee alaabta la sameeyay oo ku saabsan 3% wakiilka crosslinking kordhay 26 jeer iyo 17 jeer, siday u kala horreeyaan. Marka Ding Changguang et al. loo diyaariyey karboxymethyl cellulose aad u viscous ah, epichlorohydrin ayaa lagu daray ka dib etherification for crosslinking. Marka la barbardhigo, viscosity ee badeecada isku xidhaysay ayaa ilaa 51% ka sarraysa ta alaabta aan la isku xidhin.
2.4 Boric acid walxaha isku xidha
Walxaha isku xidhka boric waxay inta badan ka mid yihiin boric acid, borax, borate, organoborate iyo walxaha kale ee ka kooban borate-ka. Habka isku dhafka ah ayaa guud ahaan la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay boric acid (H3BO3) ama borate (B4O72-) waxay sameeyaan tetrahydroxy borate ion (B (OH) 4-) ee xalka, ka dibna fuuqbaxa -Oh ee xarunta. Samee xarun isku xiran oo leh qaab dhismeed shabakadeed.
Boric acid crosslinkers waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa kaaliyeyaasha daawada, dhalooyinka, ceramics, petroleum iyo beeraha kale. Awoodda farsamada ee walxaha lagu daaweeyay wakiilka isku dhafka ah ee boric acid waa la wanaajin doonaa, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa isku xirka etherka cellulose, si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadkeeda.
Sannadihii 1960-aadkii, boron-ka-baxa (borax, boric acid iyo sodium tetraborate, iwm.) ayaa ahaa wakiilka ugu weyn ee isku-xidhka ah ee loo isticmaalo horumarinta dheecaanka dillaaca biyaha ee beeraha saliidda iyo gaaska. Borax wuxuu ahaa wakiilka iskutallaabta ee ugu horreeyay ee la isticmaalo. Sababo la xiriira cilladaha boron-ka-nololeedka, sida waqti gaaban oo isku-tallaabta ah iyo iska caabbinta heerkulka liidata, horumarinta wakiilka is-goynta organoboron wuxuu noqday goob cilmi-baariseed. Cilmi-baarista organoboron waxay bilaabatay 1990-meeyadii. Sababtoo ah sifooyinkeeda caabbinta heerkulka sare, fududahay in la jebiyo xabagta, isdhaafsiga daahitaanka la xakameyn karo, iwm, organoboron wuxuu ku guuleystey saameyn codsi oo wanaagsan oo ku saabsan jajabinta saliidda iyo gaaska. Liu Ji iyo al. waxay soo saartay wakiilka iskutallaabta polymer ka oo ka kooban kooxda phenylboric acid, wakiilka crosslinking oo lagu daray acrylic acid iyo polyol polymer oo leh falcelinta kooxda succinimide ester, natiijada koollada bayooloji waxay leedahay waxqabad dhamaystiran oo heer sare ah, waxay muujin kartaa adhesion wanaagsan iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee jawi qoyan, waxayna noqon kartaa adhesion fudud oo dheeraad ah. Yang Yang iyo al. waxay soo saartay heerkul sare oo adkaysi u leh zirconium boron crosslinking agent, kaas oo loo isticmaalay in lagu xidho isku xidhka dareeraha saldhiga guanidine jel ee dareeraha jajaban, wuxuuna si weyn u wanaajiyay heerkulka iyo caabbinta dhogorta dheecaanka dillaaca ka dib daaweynta iskutallaabta. Wax ka beddelka ether-ka karboxymethyl cellulose ee wakiilka iskutallaabta boric acid ee dareeraha qodista batroolka ayaa la soo sheegay. Sababtoo ah qaab-dhismeedka gaarka ah, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa daawada iyo dhismaha
Isku xirka ether-ka cellulose ee dhismaha, dahaarka iyo beeraha kale.
2.5 Fosfide isku xidhka wakiilka
Walxaha isku xidha Fosfat inta badan waxa ka mid ah fosfooraska trichloroxy (phosphoacyl chloride), sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, iwm. Habka isku xidhka ayaa ah in PO bond ama bond P-Cl lagu caddeeyo molecular -OH ee xalka aqueous si loo soo saaro diphosphate, samaynta qaab-dhismeedka shabakad .
Fosfide-ku-xidhka isku-xidhka ah ee ay ugu wacan tahay sun-san-yar ama sun-yar, oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo cuntada, wax-ka-beddelka walxaha polymer-ka, sida istaarijka, chitosan iyo daawaynta kale ee isku-xidhka polymer-ka dabiiciga ah. Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in jelatin-ka-samaynta iyo bararka istaarijka si weyn loo beddeli karo iyadoo lagu darayo qadar yar oo ah wakiilka iskutallaabta fosfide. Ka dib istaroogga istaarijka, heerkulka jelatinization ayaa kordha, xasilloonida koollada ayaa soo hagaagaysa, caabbinta aashitada ayaa ka fiican istaarijka asalka ah, iyo xoogga filimku wuu kordhaa.
Waxa kale oo jira daraasado badan oo ku saabsan isku-tallaabta chitosan ee isku-xidhka fosfide-ka, taas oo hagaajin karta awooddeeda makaanikada, xasilloonida kiimikada iyo sifooyinka kale. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jiraan warbixino ku saabsan isticmaalka wakiilka isku xirka fosfide ee daawaynta iskutallaabta ether-ka ee cellulose. Sababtoo ah ether cellulose iyo istaarijka, chitosan iyo polymers kale oo dabiici ah waxay ka kooban yihiin firfircooni badan -OH, iyo fosfide crosslinking agent wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin jireed oo aan sun ahayn ama hooseeya, codsigeeda cilmi-baarista ether-ka cellulose waxay sidoo kale leedahay rajooyin suurtagal ah. Sida CMC ee loo isticmaalo cuntada, heerka dawada cadayga oo leh wax ka beddelka wakiilka fosfide-ka, waxay hagaajin kartaa dhumucdeeda, sifooyinka rheological. MC, HPMC iyo HEC loo isticmaalo goobta daawada waxaa wanaajin kara wakiilka isku xirka fosfide.
2.6 Wakiilada kale ee isku xira
Aldehydes-ka sare, epoxides iyo cellulose ether crosslinking waxay ka tirsan yihiin isku-xidhka etherification, karboksilic acid, boric acid iyo fosfide-ku-xidhka isku-xidhka waxay ka tirsan yihiin isku-xidhka esterification. Intaa waxaa dheer, wakiilada crosslinking ee loo isticmaalo cellulose ether crosslinking sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah xeryahooda isocyanate, xeryahooda nitrogen hydroxymethyl, xeryahooda sulfhydryl, wakiilada crosslinking biraha, wakiilada crosslinking organosilicon, iwm sifooyinka guud ee ay qaab-dhismeedka kelli waa in molecule ka kooban yahay kooxo functional badan oo ay yihiin si fudud looga falceliyo -OH, oo waxay samayn kartaa qaab-dhismeedka shabakadeed oo dhinacyo badan leh ka dib marka la isgoysiiyo. Astaamaha alaabada isku xidhidhku waxay la xidhiidhaan nooca wakiilka isku xidhka, shahaadada isku xidhka iyo xaaladaha isku xidhka.
Badit · Pabin · Condu iyo al. loo isticmaalo toluene diisocyanate (TDI) si ay isku xirto methyl cellulose. Isku xirka ka dib, heerkulka kala-guurka dhalada (Tg) wuxuu kordhay kororka boqolkiiba TDI, iyo xasilloonida xalkeeda aqueous ayaa soo hagaagtay. TDI waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa wax ka beddelka isku xidhka isku xidhka xabagta, dahaarka iyo meelaha kale. Ka dib markii wax laga beddelo, hantida koollada, caabbinta heerkulka iyo caabbinta biyaha ee filimka ayaa la hagaajin doonaa. Sidaa darteed, TDI waxay wanaajin kartaa waxqabadka ether-ka cellulose ee loo isticmaalo dhismaha, dahaarka iyo xabagta iyadoo la isku xirayo wax ka beddelka.
Tiknoolajiyada isku dhafka ah ee Disulfide waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa wax ka beddelka agabka caafimaadka waxayna leedahay qiime cilmi baaris gaar ah oo loogu talagalay isku xirka alaabada ether-ka cellulose ee goobta daawada. Shu Shujun iyo al. β-cyclodextrin oo ay la socdaan silica microspheres, mercaptoylated chitosan iyo glucan oo isku-dhafan iyada oo loo marayo lakabka qolofka gradient, oo laga saaray silica microspheres si loo helo nanocapses isku-xiran oo disulfide ah, taas oo muujisay xasillooni wanaagsan ee pH jireed la mid ah.
Walxaha isku xidha birta ayaa u badan isku dhafka organic iyo organic ee ion birta sare sida Zr(IV), Al(III), Ti(IV), Cr(III) iyo Fe(III). Iions bir sare ayaa polymerized si ay u sameeyaan buundooyinka hydroxyl multi-nukliyeer iyada oo loo marayo fuuq-baxa, hydrolysis iyo hydroxyl buundada. Waxaa guud ahaan la rumeysan yahay in isku-xidhka isku-xidhka ion-yada birta-sare ee aadka u sarreeya ay inta badan tahay iyada oo loo marayo ion-is-gudbinta hydroxyl-nukleed badan, kuwaas oo ay fududahay in lagu daro kooxaha karboksylic acid si ay u sameeyaan polymers qaab-dhismeed heer-sare ah. Xu Kai iyo al. bartay sifooyinka rheological ee Zr (IV), Al (III), Ti (IV), Cr (III) iyo Fe (III) taxane bir-qiimihiisu sareeyo cross-linked carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (CMHPC) iyo xasiloonida kulaylka, luminta filter. , awoodda ciidda la hakiyey, hadhaaga xabag-jabinta iyo ku habboonaanta milixda codsiga ka dib. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in, crosslinker-ka birta ah uu leeyahay sifooyinka looga baahan yahay wakiilka sibidhka ee dareeraha si fiican u jajabiya saliidda.

3. Horumarinta waxqabadka iyo horumarinta farsamada ee ether cellulose by crosslinking modification

3.1 Rinjiyeynta iyo dhismaha
Cellulose ether inta badan HEC, HPMC, HEMC iyo MC ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa berrinkii dhismaha, daahan, noocan ah ether cellulose waa in ay leeyihiin caabbinta biyaha wanaagsan, dhumucdiisuna, milix iyo caabbinta heerkulka, caabbinta dhogorta, inta badan loo isticmaalo in hoobiye sibidhka, cinjirka rinjiga. , Xabagta dhoobada dhoobada, rinjiga derbiga dibadda, lacquer iyo wixii la mid ah. Sababtoo ah dhismaha, shuruudaha duurka daahan alaabta waa inay lahaadaan xoog farsamo oo wanaagsan iyo xasilloonida, guud ahaan dooro wakiilka etherification nooca crosslinking si cellulose ether crosslinking beddelka, sida isticmaalka epoxy halogenated alkane, wakiilka crosslinking boric acid ee ay crosslinking, hagaajin karaa alaabta. viscosity, milix iyo caabbinta heerkulka, caabbinta dhogorta iyo sifooyinka farsamada.
3.2 Goobaha daawada, cuntada iyo kiimikooyinka maalinlaha ah
MC, HPMC iyo CMC ee ether-ka cellulose-ka biyaha ku milma ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa agabka dahaarka daawada, daroogooyinka si tartiib tartiib ah u sii deynaya dawooyinka iyo dhumucda dawooyinka dareeraha ah iyo stabilizer emulsion. CMC waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa emulsifier iyo dhumuc ahaan caano fadhi, waxyaabaha caanaha laga sameeyo iyo daawada cadayga. HEC iyo MC waxaa loo isticmaalaa maalin kasta goobta kiimikaad si ay u dhumucdaan, u kala firdhiyaan oo ay isu ekaysiiyaan. Sababtoo ah goobta daawada, cuntada iyo darajada kiimikada maalinlaha ah waxay u baahan yihiin qalab badbaado leh oo aan sun ahayn, sidaas darteed, ether noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa fosfooraska acid, wakiilka karboksilic acid crosslinking, wakiilka sulfhydryl crosslinking, iwm. hagaajinta viscosity ee alaabta, xasiloonida noolaha iyo sifooyinka kale.
HEC marar dhif ah ayaa loo adeegsadaa goobaha daawada iyo cuntada, laakiin sababtoo ah HEC waa ether cellulose aan-ionic ahayn oo leh milmayn adag, waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinkeeda gaarka ah marka loo eego MC, HPMC iyo CMC. Mustaqbalka, waxa isku xidhi doona wakiilo isku xidha oo badbaado leh oo aan sun ahayn, kuwaas oo yeelan doona horumar weyn oo dhinaca dawada iyo cuntada ah.
3.3 meelaha shidaalka laga qodo iyo meelaha laga soo saaro
CMC iyo ether-ka-carboxylated cellulose waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa sidii warshad qodista dhoobada, wakiilka dareeraha, wakiilka dhumuc si loo isticmaalo. Sida ether cellulose ah non-ionic, HEC sidoo kale si weyn loo isticmaalo berrinkii qodista saliidda ay sabab u tahay saamaynta dhumucdiisuna wanaagsan, awoodda hakin ciidda xoog iyo xasiloonida, caabbinta kulaylka, content cusbo sare, caabbinta dhuumaha hoose, khasaaro dareere yar, caag degdeg ah. jabin iyo hadhaaga hoose. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, cilmi-baaris dheeraad ah ayaa ah isticmaalka wakiilada isku-dhafka ah ee boric acid iyo wakiilada birta isku-dhafan si loo beddelo CMC loo isticmaalo beerta qodista saliidda, cilmi-baaris aan-ionic cellulose ether crosslinking cilmi-baaris yar ayaa sheegaysa, laakiin wax ka beddelka hydrophobic ee ether-ka aan-ionic cellulose, oo muujinaya muhiimad weyn. viscosity, heerkulka iyo caabbinta milixda iyo xasiloonida xiirid, kala firidhsan wanaagsan iyo caabbinta hydrolysis noole. Ka dib markii ay isku xidheen boric acid, birta, epoxide, alkanes halogenated epoxy iyo wakiilada kale ee isdhaafsiga, ether cellulose ether loo isticmaalo qodista saliidda iyo wax soo saarka ayaa hagaajiyay dhumucdeeda, milix iyo caabbinta heerkulka, xasilloonida iyo wixii la mid ah, taas oo leh rajo weyn oo codsi ah mustaqbalka.
3.4 Goobaha kale
ether Cellulose ay sabab u tahay dhumucdiisuna, emulsification, film samaynta, ilaalinta colloidal, haynta qoyaan, adhesion, anti-dareenka iyo guryaha kale ee aad u fiican, aad u ballaaran loo isticmaalo, marka lagu daro beeraha kor ku xusan, sidoo kale loo isticmaalo waraaqaha, ceramics, daabacaadda dharka iyo dheehidda. falcelinta polymerization iyo qaybaha kale. Marka loo eego shuruudaha agabyada agabyada kala duwan, wakiilada isgoysyada kala duwan ayaa loo isticmaali karaa wax ka beddelka isku xirka si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha codsiga. Guud ahaan, ether-ka cellulose-ka isku-tallaabta ah waxa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood: ether-ka isku-tallaabta ah ee cellulose ether iyo esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Aldehydes, epoxides iyo crosslinkers kale waxay la falgalaan -Oh on cellulose ether si ay u sameeyaan bond ether-oxygen (-O-), kaas oo iska leh crosslinkers etherification. Aashitada Carboxylic, phosphide, boric acid iyo wakiilada kale ee isku xidha waxay la falgalaan -OH on etherka cellulose si ay u sameeyaan curaarta esterka, oo ka tirsan wakiilada is-goysyada. Kooxda carboxyl ee CMC waxay la falgalaan -OH ee wakiilka isgoysyada si ay u soo saaraan ester cellulose eter iskutallaabta. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira cilmi-baarisyo yar oo ku saabsan wax ka beddelka is-goysyada noocan oo kale ah, waxaana jira weli boos horumarka mustaqbalka. Sababtoo ah xasiloonida dammaanadda ether-ka ayaa ka fiican kan ester bond, nooca ether-ka ee isku-dhafan ee cellulose ether wuxuu leeyahay xasillooni xooggan iyo sifooyin farsamo. Marka loo eego goobaha codsiyada kala duwan, wakiilka isdhaafsiga ee ku habboon ayaa loo dooran karaa wax ka beddelka cellulose ether crosslinking, si loo helo alaab buuxiya baahiyaha codsiga.

4. Gabagabo

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, warshadu waxay isticmaashaa glioxal si ay isku xirto ether cellulose, si loo daahiyo wakhtiga kala dirida, si loo xalliyo dhibaatada wax soo saarka alaabta inta lagu jiro kala dirida. Glyoxal crosslinked cellulose ether waxay bedeli kartaa oo kaliya milmaheeda, laakiin ma laha horumar muuqda oo ku saabsan guryaha kale. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, isticmaalka walxaha kale ee isku-xidhka ah ee aan ahayn glioxal ee isku-xirka ether-ka cellulose waa dhif in la barto. Sababtoo ah ether-ka cellulose waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa qodista saliidda, dhismaha, dahaarka, cuntada, daawada iyo warshadaha kale, milmaheeda, rheology, sifooyinka farsamada ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara codsigeeda. Iyada oo loo marayo wax ka beddelka isku-xirnaanta, waxay hagaajin kartaa waxqabadkeeda codsi ee dhinacyo kala duwan, si loo daboolo baahiyaha codsiga. Tusaale ahaan, karboksylic acid, phosphoric acid, wakiilka iskutallaabta boric acid ee esterification cellulose esterification waxay hagaajin kartaa waxqabadkeeda codsiga ee goobta cuntada iyo daawada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aldehyde looma isticmaali karo warshadaha cuntada iyo daawada sababtoo ah suntooda jireed. Aashitada boric iyo biraha isku xidha ayaa waxtar leh si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka dareeraha jajaban ee saliidda iyo gaaska ka dib marka la isku xiro etherka cellulose ee loo isticmaalo qodista saliidda. Waxyaalaha kale ee isku xidha alkyl, sida epichlorohydrin, waxay wanaajin karaan viscosity, sifooyinka rheological iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee eter cellulose. Iyada oo horumarinta joogtada ah ee sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada, shuruudaha warshadaha kala duwan ee hantida maaddada ayaa si joogto ah u soo hagaagaya. Si loo daboolo shuruudaha waxqabadka ee ether cellulose ee qaybaha kala duwan ee codsiga, cilmi-baarista mustaqbalka ee isku-dhafka ether-ka cellulose waxay leedahay rajooyin ballaaran oo horumarineed.