kooban
1. Qoynta iyo wakiilka kala-soocidda
2. DefoMer
3. Qoori
4. Filimka-filimka
5. Waxyaabaha kale ee lagu daro
Qeybta iyo kala-duwanaanta wakiilka
Xirmooyinka ku saleysan biyaha waxay u isticmaalaan biyo sida dareer ama dhexdhexaad, iyo biyuhu waxay leeyihiin digaag ballaaran oo joogto ah, sidaa darteed jaakadaha biyaha oo inta badan lagu dejiyo cabashada korantada ee lakabka korantada.
Intaa waxaa sii dheer, nidaamka daboolka ku saleysan biyaha, waxaa jira pomoomers-ka biyuhu sidoo kalena waxaa jira pomoomers-ka iyo saqafka aan ini-isic-ka, kuwaas oo ku yaal dusha sare ee buuxinta midabka, sameynta caqabadda sedecadaha iyo xasilinta kala-duwan. Sidaa darteed, rinjiga ku saleysan biyaha iyo emulsions-ka waxay ku gaaraan natiijooyin xasilloon iyada oo loo marayo ficilka wadajirka ah ee ceymiska electrostatic iyo caqabadda shaashadda. Faa'iido darrooyinka ayaa ah iska caabbinta elektrololyte ee liita, gaar ahaan elektrololytes-ka sarreeya.
1.1 Wakiilka qoynta
Wakiilka qoynta ee jaakadaha biyaha ka dhasha ayaa loo qaybiyaa anionic iyo aan iswada ahayn.
Isku-darka wakiilka qoynta iyo wakiilka kala-duwani waxay gaari karaan natiijooyin fiican. Caddadka wakiilka qoynta guud ahaan waa waxoogaa kun ah. Saamaynteeda taban ayaa xumo iyo yareynta biyaha iska caabbinta filimka dahaarka ah.
Mid ka mid ah isbeddellada horumarka ee wakiilada qoynta waa in si tartiib tartiib ah loo beddelo poloyxyyethylen alkyl (apeo ama apeo ama apeo ama apeno ama ay ku dhimayso yareynta hormoonada ragga ee jiirka iyo faragalinta endocrine. Polyoxyethylen Alkyl (Benzene) Ethedol Etters waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa sida emulsifiers inta lagu gudajiro polummurize-ka emulsion.
Surficadaha mataanaha ah sidoo kale waa horumarro cusub. Waa laba molekules ah oo amphifbilic ah oo ku xidhan meel bannaan. Muuqaalka ugu caansan ee mataanaha-unugyada mataanaha ah ayaa ah in feejignaanta muhiimka ah ee micro ee loo yaqaan 'cmc' ay ka badan tahay amar baaxad weyn oo ka hooseeya kuwa 'surfacals', oo ay ku xigto hufnaanta sare. Sida TEEO mataanaha TEGO 4000, waa mataanaha loo yaqaan 'spin staplat', oo uu leeyahay xumbo aan degganayn oo dayactir ah.
1.2 FARSAMADA
Kala-soocidda rinjiga cinjirka ah ayaa loo qaybiyaa afar qaybood: kala-soocidda fosfooraska, kala-sooca polyaciid-ka, polyaciid-polyaciider copolumers iyo kala-soocidda kale.
Frotaphosphate (Calgon n, wax soo saarka bk Giulini ee Tripini ee Jarmalka), KTPPP) iyo Tetrapotassium Probohosphate (TKPP).
Habka ficilkiisa ayaa ah in lagu xasiliyo dib-u-haynta korantada oo loo marayo hydrogen-ka xadhigga iyo xaynta kiimikada. Faa'iidadeeda ayaa ah in qiyaasta ay hooseyso, qiyaastii 0.1%, oo waxay leedahay saameyn wanaagsan oo ku saabsan midabka midabka leh iyo waxyaabaha lagu buuxiyo. Laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jira cillad la'aan: kan, oo ay weheliso kor u qaadista qiimaha pH iyo heerkulka, polyphosphate waa si fudud hydrolyped, waxay keentaa xasilloonida waqtiga-dheer ee kaydinta muddada-dheer; Kala-diridda aan dhameystirnayn ee dhexdhexaadka ah waxay saameyn ku yeelan doontaa gloss of glougta dhalaalaya ee dhalaalaya.
1 fosfooraska fosfooraska
Fursadaha Phosphate Esters ayaa xasiliyay kala firidhyo midab-darooga ah, oo ay kujirto midabyo falcelin ah sida zinc oxide. Qaadashada rinjiga gress-ga, waxay wanaajisaa glo glo giness iyo nadiifin. Si ka duwan qoynta kale iyo kala-soocidda waxyaabaha lagu daro, ku darista fosfooraska phosphates ma saameynayso KU iyo viscosity viscosity ee daboolka.
Polyaciid Homopolyer-ka Froryaplommaner, sida Tamol 1254 iyo Talol 850, Tamol 850 waa homotolmymer of methacrylic acid.
Polyaciid Copolmaner Produttener, sida Oranean 731A, oo ah aaladda copolutymylne iyo lab acid. Astaamaha labadan nooc ee kaladuwan ayaa ah inay soo saaraan xadhig adag ama ku xidhnaa dusha sare ee midabka iyo xargaha mudada dheer si ay u noqdaan silsilado biyo ah, qaarna waxay ka soo saaraan ceyriyaan elektaroonigga ah in la gaaro natiijooyin xasilloon. Si looga dhigo kuwa ku faafiya waxay leeyihiin kala-sooc wanaagsan, culeyska molikal waa in si adag loo xakameeyaa. Haddii culeyska molikulabeel uu aad u yar yahay, waxaa jiri doona carqalad ku filan oo adag; Haddii culeyska moleculal uu aad u ballaaran yahay, floscelation ayaa dhici doonta. Wixii ku saabsan kala-soocidda cudurka polyacrylate, saamaynta ugu fiican ee kala firidhsan ayaa lagu gaari karaa haddii heerka polympheration-ka ay tahay 12-18.
Noocyada kale ee kala duwanaanshaha, sida Amp-95, waxay leeyihiin magac kiimikooyin ah 2-amino-2-methyly-1-popanol. Kooxda Amino waxaa lagu adkeeyay dusha sare ee walxaha inortanic, iyo kooxda hydroxyl ee ku fidsan biyaha, kaas oo door xasilooyn ku leh carqaladeynta sedecaynta. Sababo la xiriira cabirkeeda yar, caqabadda steric waa mid xadidan. AMP-95 inta badan waa xaga sharciyeynta PH.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, cilmi baarista ku saabsan kala firidhsan ayaa ka adkaatay dhibaatada flolculation-ka ee ay sababaan miisaanka molika sare, iyo horumarka miisaanka molikal-ka sare waa mid ka mid ah isbeddelada. Tusaale ahaan, miisaanka moloka-molcular-ka sare ee kala firidhsan efka-4580 Waxaa soo saaray polummeration emulsion ah ayaa si gaar ah loo abuuray jaakad warshadeed oo ku saleysan biyaha, oo ku habboon kala-firidhsan dabiiciga ah iyo inorginic, waxayna leedahay iska caabin biyo ah.
Kooxaha Amino waxay leeyihiin xiriir wanaagsan oo ku saabsan midabyo badan iyada oo loo marayo salka aashitada ama isku xirka hydrogen. Xaraashka Kobadafy Acid oo la kala firdhiyey asinocrylrylic acid maadaama kooxda xijaabka la soo jeediyay.
2 kala firidhsan oo leh methacryllate methacrylate-ga
TEGO TEGO 655 Qooting iyo kala-soocidda Waxdhaqanka Adag waxaa loo isticmaalaa rinjiyeenta baabuurta ee baabuurta lagu wado oo keliya ma aha oo ku hagaagaya midabka, laakiin sidoo kale ka hortagga budada aluminiumka ka falcelinta biyaha.
Sababo la xiriira walaac deegaanka, qoynta biodegradhabka iyo wakiilo kala firidhsan ayaa la soo saaray, sida himilo ganaax ah oo laga helo TWIN-cOmis-ka taxanaha ah ee qoynta iyo wakiilka kala-soocidda, kuwaas oo ah qoynta hoos udhaca ah iyo wakiilka kala-baxa.
Ku xidid
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ka hooseeya rinjiga rinjiga-ku-saleysan ee biyaha, kuwaas oo guud ahaan loo qaybiyo saddex qaybood: deploamis saliida macdanta, polstaramane-ka, kuwa kale eefeeyaha kale.
Depoamers saliida macdanta waxaa badanaa la isticmaalaa, badiyaa rinjiga fidsan ee fidsan iyo semi-ga
Detysliloxie-ka-hortaggu wuxuu leeyahay xiisad dusha sare, xasaasiyad xoog leh iyo awooda ka hortagga iyo awoodaha ka hortagga, oo ha u saameynin gloss, laakiin markii si qaldan loo isticmaalo, waxay sababi doonaan cilado ay ka dhigan yihiin filimka dahaarka ah iyo dib u eegista liidata.
Depomamihii rinjiga-ku-saleysan ee ku-saleysan biyaha waa mid aan iswaafajin karin wajiga biyaha si loo gaaro ujeedada dayaca, sidaa darteed way fududahay in la soo saaro ciladaha dusha filimka dahabka ah.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, is-qiiqa molikalar-heerka ayaa la soo saaray.
Wakiilkan ka hortagga ah waa polymer-ka oo loo sameeyay si toos ah oo si toos ah u rujinaya walxaha ka hortagga ah ee walxaha side. Silsiladda molikalalar ee polymer-ka polymormer wuxuu leeyahay qoyaan hydroxyl group, walax ku habboon ee loo qaybiyo molecule, walaxda firfircoon ma sahlanaasho, iyo is-waafajinta nidaamka daboolka ayaa wanaagsan. Dayacayaasha heerka-molicular-molicular-ka waxaa ka mid ah saliidaha macdanta - Foomstar A10 taxane, silikon-ka-hortagga - taxanaha 'Foomstar a30 taxane, polymooyin aan saliid lahayn) taxanaha Foomstar
Dayacadan Molcalar-Scale-ga ayaa u adeegsata POLYMER STYMERED STYMYER AS POLYMER-ka oo iswaafajiya Alaabada hawada ee loo yaqaan 'Moluscular-fasalka' ee ka soo warbixiyay strot et al. Waa wakiilka kontoroolka ee acetylene-ka ah ee acetylene-ka ah ee loo yaqaan 'Vetylene Glycol' iyo Dacwooda
Intaa waxaa sii dheer, si loo haqabtiro baahiyaha jaale-saarka eber, waxaa sidoo kale jira depomiers-real-bilaash ah, sida Agatan 315, Again e Agian E Agy 35, iwm, iwm.
dhumuc weyn
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo dhumucyo ah, oo hadda loo adeegsado unugyada unugyada ah ee loo yaqaan 'cether ether' iyo daliilkeedii dhunjiida, oo dhumucyo badan oo kacsan (har) iyo dhumucyo badan oo polyurethane ah (Hurur).
3.1. Cilmiga Chether iyo kuwa ka soo saaray
Bydroxyetylyll (HEC)Markii ugu horreysay ee warshadaha loo soo saaray shirkadda Carbide Union ee 1932, waxayna leedahay taariikh in kabadan 70 sano.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dhumucduhu kacaan oo kacaan ah ee kacaanka ah oo ay ku jiraan hydroxyetyl cellulose (HEC), methyl hydroxykyll (MHPC), Mkpc hydroxyll (MCPC), MCPC (MCPC) iyo xannibaadda xayntran. IWM, kuwanu waa dhumucyo aan inooncen ahayn, oo sidoo kale waxay ka tirsan yihiin wejiga biyaha aan la xidhiidha culayska. Waxaa ka mid ah, HEC waa tan ugu badan ee loo adeegsado rinjiga latex.
3.2 alkali-bararsan
Qulqulatada alkali-baradka ah ayaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood: Qoom-qabadyo aan ahayn oo ah kuwa aan laheyn (ASE) iyo iskaashatada Alkali-barafka (Hasaa), kuwaas oo ah dhumucyo badan oo anionic ah. As-xisbiga aan la xiriirin waa polyacrylate alkaji emulsion barar.
3.3. Cufan polyurethane iyo biyo-mareenno aan wax laga beddelay culayska 'polyurethane'
Polyurethane-ka dhumuc weyn, oo loo yaqaan heaur, waa atdrophobic gelyr polymer-ka-buuxinta ee 'polyurethane polyurethane', oo ay iska leedahay cufnaanta aan lahayn idaacadda.
Her wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex qaybood: kooxda hydrophobic, silsiladda hydrophilic iyo kooxda polyurethane.
Kooxda feeddrophobic-ka waxay door muhiim ah ka tahay qaro weyn ee qaro weyn, caadiyan Oleyl, ottadecyl, dodecylfyl, nylcylenol, iwm.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, heerka beddelka kooxaha hydrophobic ee labada dhinacba ee ganacsiga ganacsi ahaan la heli karo ayaa ka hooseeya 0.9, oo ugu fiican waa 1.7 kaliya. Xaaladaha falcelinta waa in si adag loo xakameeyaa si loo helo dhumuc weyn oo polyurethane ah oo leh miisaan yar oo miisaanka yar yar ee miraha yar-yar iyo waxqabadka deggan. Inta badan heesaha waxaa lagu dhex arkaa stemaam-ka sicirka sicirka, sidaa darteed xaraashka ganacsigu waa guud ahaan isku-darka culeyska miisaanka molika ee ballaaran.
Ka sokow dhumucyada toosan ee toosan ee laxiriira ee kor lagu soo sheegay, sidoo kale waxaa jira dhumucyo badan oo ka mid ah isku-darka polyurethane ee 'polyurethane'. Saddex-da-tiirka loogu yeero Isku-darka Proyurethane ee Qalonyada ayaa la micno ah in ay jirto koox hydrophobic ah oo dhexda dhexda moleelule-ka dhumuc weyn. Qulqulka noocan oo kale ah sida SCT-200 iyo SCT-275 iwm.
Markaad ku dareyso xaddi caadi ah oo ah kooxo hydrophobic ah, waxaa jira kaliya 2 kooxo-inddrophobic oo dhamaad ah, sidaa darteed isku-dhafka ah ee isku-dhafka ah ee wax laga beddelay ee Aminos-ka ee 'Amino' kama badna Heurdrener kama badna HeUR, sida Optiflinf L 500, Eeg Jaantuska 3.
Haddii kooxo dheeraad ah oo dhiig-baxa ah lagu daro, sida 8%, xaaladaha fal-celinta ayaa la hagaajin karaa si loo soo saaro dhumucyo amino ah oo leh kooxo badan oo xannibay. Dabcan, tani sidoo kale waa shanlo qaro weyn.
Hydrophobic-kan ah ee wax laga beddelay ee Aminoer ayaa ka hortegi kara viscosion-ka rinjiga laga helo hoos u dhaca sababtuna tahay xad-dhaaf aad u badan oo ka mid ah qalabka wax lagu dhejiyo iyo dareeraha glycol-ka marka lagu daro. Sababta ayaa ah in kooxaha xoogga leh ee dareeraha ah ay ka hortagi karaan kabuubida, iyo kooxaha badan ee dareeraha ah ay leeyihiin urur adag.
Waqtiga Post: Dec-26-2022