Isku-dubarid iyo sifooyinka biyaha-soluble cellulose ether superplasticizer

Intaa waxaa dheer, cellulose suufka ah ayaa loo diyaariyey si loo gaarsiiyo heerka Ling-off ee polymerization waxaana lagu falceliyay sodium hydroxide, 1,4 monobutylsulfonolate (1,4, butanesultone). sulfobutylated cellulose ether (SBC) oo leh milmi biyo wanaagsan ayaa la helay. Saamaynta heerkulka falcelinta, wakhtiga falcelinta iyo saamiga alaabta ceeriin ee ether-ka butyl sulfonate cellulose ayaa la darsay. Xaaladaha falcelinta ugu fiican ayaa la helay, iyo qaab dhismeedka badeecada waxaa lagu gartaa FTIR. Marka la daraaseeyo saamaynta SBC ku leedahay sifooyinka koollada sibidhka iyo hoobiye, waxaa la ogaaday in alaabtu leedahay biyo la mid ah dhimista saamaynta biyaha nafta.wakiilka biyaha dhimaya. SBC oo leh viscosity sifo kala duwan iyo nuxurka baaruuddu waxay leeyihiin heerar kala duwan oo dib u dhigista hantida ee koollada sibidhka. Haddaba, SBC waxa laga filayaa inay noqoto wakiil biyo-yareeya oo dib-u-dhac ku sameeya, dib-u-dhigis ku sameeya wax-ku-oolnimada sare ee wax-yaraynta biyaha, xittaa wakiilka biyaha-yareeya oo sarreeya. Sifooyinkeeda waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa qaab-dhismeedka unugyada.

Erayada muhiimka ah:cellulose; Darajada dheellitirka ee polymerization; Butyl sulfonate cellulose ether; Wakiilka biyaha dhimaya

Horumarinta iyo adeegsiga shubka wax-qabadka sarreeya waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta wakiilka biyaha-yaraynta la taaban karo. Waa sababta oo ah muuqaalka wakiilka biyaha yareeya in la taaban karo ay xaqiijin karto karti-shaqsiyeed sare, adkeysi wanaagsan iyo xitaa xoog sare. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa inta badan jira noocyada soo socda ee wakiilada biyaha yareeya aadka waxtarka leh: naphthalene taxane biyo yareeya (SNF), sulfonated amine resin taxane biyo yaraynta (SMF), wakiilka sulfonate taxanaha biyaha yareeya (ASP), lignosulfonate la beddelay. Wakiilka biyo-yaraynta taxanaha ah (ML), iyo polycarboxylic acid taxane biyo-yaraynta (PC), kaas oo aad ugu firfircoon cilmi-baarista hadda. Polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka waqti lumis yar, qiyaas yar iyo dheecaan sare oo shub ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, qiimaha sare awgeed, way adagtahay in lagu caan baxo Shiinaha. Sidaa darteed, naphthalene superplasticizer weli waa codsiga ugu weyn ee Shiinaha. Inta badan wakiilada biyaha yareeya waxay isticmaalaan formaldehyde iyo walxo kale oo kacsan oo leh miisaan qaraabo ah oo hooseeya, kuwaas oo waxyeello u geysan kara deegaanka marka la isku daro iyo habka isticmaalka.

Horumarinta isku-darka shubka ah ee gudaha iyo dibedda waxaa soo food saartay yaraanta alaabta ceeriin ee kiimikada, kor u kaca qiimaha iyo dhibaatooyin kale. Sida loo isticmaalo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah oo raqiis ah oo badan oo la cusboonaysiin karo sida alaabta ceeriin si loo horumariyo wax qabad cusub oo la taaban karo waxay noqon doontaa mawduuc muhiim ah oo la taaban karo oo la taaban karo. Istaarj iyo cellulose ayaa ah wakiilada ugu muhiimsan ee kheyraadka noocan ah. Sababtoo ah ilaha ballaadhan ee alaabta ceeriin, dib loo cusboonaysiin karo, si sahlan looga falceliyo qaar ka mid ah reagents, soosaarkooda ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa meelo kala duwan. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, cilmi baarista istaarijka sulfonated sida wakiilka biyaha yareeya ayaa sameeyay xoogaa horumar ah. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, cilmi baarista ku saabsan derivatives cellulose-biyo-milmi leh sida wakiilada biyaha-yareeya ayaa sidoo kale soo jiidatay dareenka dadka. Liu Weizhe iyo al. loo isticmaalo fiber dhogorta suufka ah sida walxo ceeriin ah si loogu soo saaro cellulose sulfate oo leh miisaan kala duwan oo qaraabo ah iyo heerka beddelka. Marka heerka beddelka uu ku jiro xad gaar ah, waxa ay wanaajin kartaa dareeraha dareeraha sibidhka iyo xoogga jidhka xoojinta sibidhka. Patent ayaa sheegay in qaar ka mid ah derivatives polysaccharide iyada oo falcelinta kiimikada si ay u soo bandhigaan kooxaha hydrophilic xooggan, waxaa laga heli karaa on sibidhka la kala firidhsan wanaagsan oo ka mid ah biyo polysaccharide biyo-milmi, sida sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, karboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, karboxymethyl sulfonate cellulose iyo wixii la mid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Knaus et al. ogaaday in CMHEC ay u muuqato mid aan ku haboonayn in loo isticmaalo sidii wakiilka yaraynta biyaha shubka ah. Kaliya marka kooxda sulfonic acid lagu soo bandhigo molecules CMC iyo CMHEC, iyo culeyskeeda kelli ee qaraabada ah waa 1.0 × 105 ~ 1.5 × 105 g/mol, waxaa laga yaabaa inay yeelato shaqada wakiilka yaraynta biyaha la taaban karo. Waxaa jira fikrado kala duwan oo ku saabsan in qaar ka mid ah derivatives cellulose-biyoodka-milmi kara ku haboon yihiin in loo isticmaalo sida wakiilada biyaha yareeya, iyo waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ka mid ah derivatives cellulose biyaha ku milmay, sidaas darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo si qoto dheer oo cilmi-baaris habaysan oo ku saabsan synthesis iyo isticmaalka walxaha cusub ee cellulose.

Warqadan, cellulose suufka ah ayaa loo isticmaalay sida alaabta bilawga ah si loogu diyaariyo dheellitirka polymerization cellulose, ka dibna iyada oo loo marayo sodium hydroxide alkalization, dooro heerkulka falcelinta ku habboon, wakhtiga falcelinta iyo 1,4 monobutyl sulfanolactone falcelinta, hordhaca ah ee kooxda sulfonic acid on cellulose. molecules, la helay biyo-milmi kara butyl sulfonic acid cellulose ether (SBC) qaab dhismeedka falanqaynta iyo tijaabada codsiga. Suurtagalnimada in loo isticmaalo sidii wakiilka biyaha dhimaya ayaa laga wada hadlay.

1. Tijaabi

1.1 Qalabka iyo agabka ceeriin

Cudbi nuugista; Sodium hydroxide (analytical saafi ah); Hydrochloric acid (36% ~ 37% xal aqueous, falanqayn ahaan saafi ah); khamriga isopropyl (analytically saafi ah); 1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone (darajada warshadaha, oo ay bixiso Siping Fine Chemical Plant); 32.5R sibidhka Portland ee caadiga ah (Warshada Sibidhka Dalian Onoda); Taxanaha Naphthalene superplasticizer (SNF, Dalian Sicca).

Spectrum One-B Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer, oo uu soo saaray Perkin Elmer.

Faa'iidada IRIS ee Isku-dhafan ee Plasma Emission Spectrometer (IcP-AEs), oo uu sameeyay Thermo Jarrell Ash Co.

Falanqeeyaha suurtagalka ah ee ZETAPLUS (Brookhaven Instruments, USA) ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu cabbiro kartida dareeraha sibidhka ee lagu qasay SBC.

1.2 Habka diyaarinta ee SBC

Marka hore, cellulose shahaadada polymerization-ka dheellitiran ayaa loo diyaariyey iyadoo loo eegayo hababka lagu sharraxay suugaanta. Qadar gaar ah oo cellulose suuf ah ayaa la miisaamay oo lagu daray weel saddex geesood ah. Iyadoo la ilaalinayo nitrogen, milo hydrochloric acid oo leh fiirsashada 6% ayaa lagu daray, isku dar ah ayaa si adag loo walaaqay. Ka dib waxaa lagu hakiyay alkohol isopropyl oo ku jira weel saddex-af ah, alkalized muddo cayiman leh 30% sodium hydroxide aqueous aqueous, oo miisaankeedu yahay 1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone, oo lagu riday weelka saddexda af, oo lagu walaaqay isla waqtigaas, waxayna ilaaliyeen heerkulka heerkulka joogtada ah ee biyaha qubeyska mid deggan. Ka dib falcelinta wakhti go'an, badeecada ayaa la qaboojiyey heerkulka qolka, oo lagu shubay aalkolada isopropyl, bamgareeyay oo la sifeeyay, badeecada cayriin ayaa la helay. Ka dib ku luqluqashada methanol aqueous dhowr jeer, bamgareeyay oo la sifeeyay, badeecada ayaa ugu dambeyntii faakuum ku qallajisay 60 ℃ si loo isticmaalo.

1.3 cabirka waxqabadka SBC

Alaabada SBC waxaa lagu milmay 0.1 mol/L NaNO3 xal aqueous ah, iyo viscosity ee barta qasitaan kasta ee muunada waxaa lagu qiyaasay Ustner viscometer si loo xisaabiyo viscosity sifadeeda. Maadada baaruudka ee alaabta waxaa go'aamiyay ICP-AES qalab. Shaybaarada SBC waxaa laga soo saaray acetone, faakuum la qalajiyey, ka dibna ilaa 5 mg oo muunado ah ayaa dhulka lagu shubay oo lagu daray KBr si loogu diyaariyo muunad. Tijaabada spectrum infrared ayaa lagu sameeyay shaybaarada SBC iyo cellulose. Joojinta sibidhka waxaa lagu diyaariyey saamiga biyaha-sibidhka ee 400 iyo wax-yaraynta biyaha oo ah 1% cufka sibidhka. Awoodeeda waxa lagu tijaabiyay 3 daqiiqo gudahood.

Dheecaannada sibidhka iyo heerka dhimista biyaha hoobiye sibidhka waxaa lagu cabbiraa iyadoo loo eegayo GB/T 8077-2000 "Habka tijaabada ee isku-dhafka isku-darka shubka", mw/me= 0.35. Tijaabada wakhtiga dejinta ee koollada sibidhka waxaa lagu fuliyaa si waafaqsan GB/T 1346-2001 "Qaabka Imtixaanka Isticmaalka Biyaha, Dejinta Waqtiga iyo Dejinta Joogtada Heerka Sibidhka". Awood cadaadis sibidhka sibidhka si waafaqsan GB/T 17671-1999 "Habka tijaabinta xoogga hoobiye sibidhka (Habka IS0)" habka go'aaminta.

2. Natiijooyinka iyo doodaha

2.1 Falanqaynta IR ee SBC

Muuqaalka infrared ee cellulose ceeriin iyo badeecada SBC. Sababtoo ah heerka ugu sarreeya ee nuugista S — C iyo S — H aad bay u liidataa, kuma habboona in la aqoonsado, halka s=o uu leeyahay nuugista ugu sarreysa. Sidaa darteed, jiritaanka kooxda sulfonic acid ee qaabka molecular waxaa lagu go'aamin karaa jiritaanka S=O ugu sarreysa. Marka loo eego spectra infrared ee cellulose alaabta ceeriin iyo badeecada SBC, spectra cellulose, waxaa jira nuugista ugu sarreysa ee u dhow lambarka mawjada 3350 cm-1, kaas oo lagu sifeeyay inuu yahay midka ugu sarreeya gariirka fiditaanka hydroxyl ee cellulose. Nuugista ugu sarreysa ee u dhow lambarka mawjada 2 900 cm-1 waa methylene (CH2 1) fidinta ugu sarreysa gariirka. Xadhigyo taxane ah oo ka kooban 1060, 1170, 1120 iyo 1010 cm-1 waxay ka tarjumaysaa meelaha ugu sarreeya nuugista gariirka ee kooxda hydroxyl iyo foorarsiga meelaha ugu sarreeya nuugista gariirka ee curaarta ether (C — o — C). Nambarka mowjadda ku wareegsan 1650 cm-1 waxay ka tarjumaysaa nuugista bond bond ee ay sameeyeen kooxda hydroxyl iyo biyo bilaash ah. Kooxda 1440 ~ 1340 cm-1 waxay muujinaysaa qaabka crystalline ee cellulose. Muuqaalka IR ee SBC, xoojinta band 1440 ~ 1340 cm-1 waa la wiiqay. Xoogga ugu sarreeya ee nuugista ee u dhow 1650 cm-1 ayaa kordhay, taas oo muujinaysa in awoodda samaynta curaarta hydrogen la xoojiyay. Neefsashada xoogga leh ayaa ka soo muuqday 1180,628 cm-1, kuwaas oo aan ka muuqan spectroscopy infrared ee cellulose. Midka hore waxa uu ahaa sifada nuugista ugu saraysa ee s=o bond, halka kan dambe uu ahaa habka nuugista ugu saraysa ee s=o bond. Marka loo eego falanqaynta sare, kooxda sulfonic acid waxay ku jirtaa silsiladda molecular ee cellulose ka dib falcelinta etherification.

2.2 Saamaynta xaaladaha falcelinta ee waxqabadka SBC

Waxaa laga arki karaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya xaaladaha falcelinta iyo sifooyinka SBC in heerkulka, waqtiga falcelinta iyo saamiga agabku ay saameeyaan sifooyinka alaabta la isku daray. milanka alaabta SBC waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa dhererka wakhtiga loo baahan yahay 1g alaabta si ay si buuxda ugu milmaan 100mL biyaha deionized heerkulka qolka; Tijaabada heerka dhimista biyaha ee hoobiye, waxa ku jira SBC waa 1.0% cufka sibidhka. Intaa waxaa dheer, maadaama cellulose uu inta badan ka kooban yahay unugga anhydroglucose (AGU), qadarka cellulose waxaa loo xisaabiyaa sida AGU marka saamiga falcelinta la xisaabiyo. Marka la barbar dhigo SBCl ~ SBC5, SBC6 waxay leedahay viscosity hoose iyo maaddo baaruud sare ah, heerka dhimista biyaha ee hoobiye waa 11.2%. Viscosity sifada SBC waxay ka turjumi kartaa cufkeeda molecular. Viscosity sifada sare waxay tusinaysaa in cufka molecular ee qaraabada ahi uu wayn yahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtigan, viscosity ee xal aqueous leh isku-fiirsashada la mid ah ayaa si lama filaan ah u kordhin doona, dhaqdhaqaaqa xorta ah ee macromolecules ayaa xaddidi doona, taas oo aan ku habooneyn in ay ku dhejiso dusha sare ee qaybaha sibidhka, sidaas darteed saameynaya ciyaarta biyaha. hoos u dhigista waxqabadka fidinta ee SBC. Maaddada baaruudda ee SBC aad ayay u badan tahay, taas oo muujinaysa in heerka beddelka butyl sulfonate uu sarreeyo, silsiladda molecular ee SBC ay qaadayso tiro lacag ah, iyo walxaha sibidhka saamaynta dusha sare ayaa xoog leh, sidaas darteed kala firdhisteeda qaybaha sibidhka ayaa sidoo kale xoog leh.

In etherification ee cellulose, si loo hagaajiyo heerka etherification iyo tayada alaabta, habka of alkalization etherification badan ayaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa. SBC7 iyo SBC8 waa badeecadaha lagu helo etherification alkalization soo noqnoqda 1 iyo 2 jeer, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sida iska cad, viscosity ay sifo hooseeyo iyo sulfur content sare, milmi biyaha ugu dambeeya waa wanaagsan yahay, heerka dhimista biyaha ee hoobiye cement gaari kartaa 14.8% iyo 16.5%, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sidaa darteed, imtixaannada soo socda, SBC6, SBC7 iyo SBC8 waxaa loo isticmaalaa walxo cilmi baaris ah si looga hadlo saameynta codsigooda ee koollada sibidhka iyo hoobiye.

2.3 Saamaynta SBC ee guryaha sibidhka

2.3.1 Saamaynta SBC ee dareeraha koollada sibidhka

Saamaynta qalooca biyaha yaraynta maadada wakiilka ee dareeraha koollada sibidhka. SNF waa superplasticizer taxane ah naphthalene. Waxaa laga arki karaa qalooca saamaynta ay ku leedahay maadada yaraynta biyaha ee dareeraha koollada sibidhka, marka maadada SBC8 ay ka yar tahay 1.0%, dareeraha koollada sibidhka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordheysa kororka maadada, iyo saamaynta waxay la mid tahay tii SNF. Marka nuxurku dhaafo 1.0%, korriinka dheecaanka dareeraha ee slurry ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah hoos ugu dhacaya, qaloocana wuxuu galaa goobta goobta. Waxa loo qaadan karaa in nuxurka buuxa ee SBC8 uu yahay ilaa 1.0%. SBC6 iyo SBC7 sidoo kale waxay lahaayeen isbeddel la mid ah SBC8, laakiin nuxurkoodu wuxuu ahaa mid aad uga sarreeya SBC8, heerka hagaajinta dheecaanka dareeraha nadiifka ah ma ahayn mid u sarreeya SBC8. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nuxurka buuxa ee SNF waa qiyaastii 0.7% ~ 0.8%. Marka waxa ku jira SNF ay sii korodho, dareeraha dareeraha ayaa sidoo kale sii kordhaya, laakiin marka loo eego giraanta dhiigbaxa, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in kororka wakhtigan ay qayb ahaan sababto kala soocidda biyaha dhiigbaxa by slurry sibidhka. Gabagabadii, in kasta oo nuxurka SBC uu ka sarreeyo kan SNF, haddana ma muuqato wax dhiig-bax ah oo muuqda marka nuxurka SBC uu ka badiyo nuxurkiisa dheregsan. Sidaa darteed, waxaa si horudhac ah loo qiimeyn karaa in SBC ay leedahay saameynta yareynta biyaha iyo sidoo kale inay leedahay biyo celin gaar ah, taas oo ka duwan SNF. Shaqadani waxay u baahan tahay in la sii darso.

Waxaa laga arki karaa qalooca xiriirka ka dhexeeya dareeraha koollada sibidhka oo leh 1.0% ka kooban wakiilka biyaha yareeya iyo wakhtiga in luminta dareeraha shabidhka lagu daray SBC ay aad ugu yar tahay 120min, gaar ahaan SBC6, oo dareereheeda bilowga ah ku saabsan yahay 200mm oo keliya. , iyo luminta dareeraha ayaa ka yar 20%. Luminta dareeraha dareeraha ah waxay u kala horreeyeen SNF>SBC8>SBC7>SBC6. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in naphthalene superplasticizer inta badan lagu nuugo dusha sare ee walxaha sibidhka iyadoo la raacayo xoogga diyaaradda. Iyada oo horumarka fuuq-baxa, molecules-ka yareeya biyaha hadhaaga ah ee ku jira slurry waa la dhimay, sidaa darteed biyaha la isku dhejiyay ee yareeya molecules dusha sare ee qaybaha sibidhka ayaa sidoo kale si tartiib tartiib ah loo dhimay. Naceybka u dhexeeya qaybaha ayaa daciifa, qaybaha sibidhkana waxay soo saaraan uumi jireed, taas oo muujinaysa hoos u dhaca dheecaanka saafiga ah. Sidaa darteed, luminta qulqulka dareeraha sibidhka ee lagu daray naphthalene superplasticizer ayaa ka weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan wakiilada biyaha yareeya ee naphthalene ee loo isticmaalo injineernimada ayaa si sax ah loogu qasi jiray si loo hagaajiyo cilladaan. Haddaba, marka la eego haynta dareeraha, SBC way ka sarraysaa SNF.

2.3.2 Saamaynta kartida iyo dejinta wakhtiga koollada sibidhka

Ka dib marka lagu daro wakiilka biyaha dhimaya isku dhafka sibidhka, qaybaha sibidhka waxay ku dhejiyeen molecules-ka yareeya biyaha, markaa sifooyinka korantada ee qaybaha sibidhka ayaa laga beddeli karaa togan ilaa taban, qiimaha buuxdana si cad ayuu u korayaa. Qiimaha dhabta ah ee awoodda walxaha sibidhka ee lagu qasay SNF ayaa ka sarreeya tan SBC. Isla markaana wakhtiga la dejinayo shabidhka lagu daray SBC ayaa lagu kordhiyey heerar kala duwan marka loo eego muunada bannaan, wakhtiga habayntuna waxa uu ahaa SBC6>SBC7>SBC8 mid dheer ilaa gaaban. Waxaa la arki karaa in iyadoo hoos u dhac ku yimid viscosity sifada SBC iyo kororka maadada baaruudda, waqtiga dejinta ee koollada sibidhka si tartiib tartiib ah u soo gaabiyo. Tani waa sababta oo ah SBC waxay ka tirsan tahay derivatives polypolysaccharide, waxaana jira kooxo badan oo hydroxyl ah silsiladda molecular, kuwaas oo leh heerar kala duwan oo saameyn dib u dhac ku ah falcelinta fuuq-celinta ee sibidhka Portland. Waxaa jira qiyaastii afar nooc oo ah habka wakiilka dib u dhigista, iyo habka dib u dhigista ee SBC waa qiyaas ahaan sida soo socota: Dhexdhexaadiyaha alkaline ee fuuq-celinta sibidhka, kooxda hydroxyl iyo Ca2 + bilaash ah waxay sameeyaan iskudhaf aan degganayn, si ay u fiirsashada Ca2 10 ee marxaladda dareeraha ah. hoos u dhaco, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa laga yaabaa in adsorbed on dusha qaybaha sibidhka iyo waxyaabaha fuuq dusha sare ee 02- si ay u sameeyaan bonds hydrogen, iyo kooxaha kale ee hydroxyl iyo molecules biyaha iyada oo loo marayo ururka bond hydrogen, si dusha qaybaha sibidhka sameeyey lakabka ah ee filim biyo ah oo deggan. Sidaa darteed, habka fuuq-celinta ee sibidhka waa la xannibay. Si kastaba ha noqotee, tirada kooxaha hydroxyl ee silsiladda SBC ee leh maadada baaruudda kala duwan ayaa aad uga duwan, sidaa darteed saameyntooda habka fuuq-celinta sibidhka waa inay ka duwan tahay.

2.3.3 Heerka dhimista biyaha hoobiye iyo tijaabada xoogga

Madaama waxqabadka hoobiye uu ka tarjumayo waxqabadka shubka ilaa xad, warqadani waxay inta badan daraaseysaa waxqabadka hoobiye lagu qasay SBC. Isticmaalka biyaha hoobiye ayaa la hagaajiyay iyadoo loo eegayo heerka baaritaanka heerka dhimista biyaha ee hoobiye, si balaarinta muunada hoobiye ay gaarto (180± 5) mm, iyo 40 mm × 40 mlTl × 160 muunado mill ah ayaa loo diyaariyey si loo tijaabiyo cadaadiska xoogga da' kasta. Marka la barbar dhigo shaybaar bannaan oo aan lahayn wakiilka biyaha yareeya, xoogga shaybaarada hoobiye ee leh wakiilka biyaha yareeya ee da 'kasta ayaa la hagaajiyay heerar kala duwan. Awoodda isku-buufinta ee shaybaarrada lagu shubay 1.0% SNF ayaa kordhay 46%, 35% iyo 20% siday u kala horreeyaan 3, 7 iyo 28 maalmood. Saamaynta SBC6, SBC7 iyo SBC8 ay ku leeyihiin xoogga isku xidhka ee hoobiye isku mid maaha. Awoodda hoobiye ee lagu qaso SBC6 waxay kordhisaa wax yar da 'kasta, iyo awoodda hoobiye ee 3 d, 7 d iyo 28d waxay kordhisaa 15%, 3% iyo 2% siday u kala horreeyaan. Awoodda isku-buufinta ee hoobiye lagu daray SBC8 ayaa aad u kordhay, xooggeeduna 3, 7 iyo 28 maalmood waxay kordheen 61%, 45% iyo 18%, siday u kala horreeyaan, taas oo muujinaysa in SBC8 ay leedahay saameyn xooggan oo yareyn iyo xoojinta biyaha sibidhka.

2.3.4 Saamaynta sifooyinka qaabdhismeedka molecular SBC

Marka la isku daro falanqaynta sare ee saamaynta SBC ku leedahay xabagta sibidhka iyo hoobiye, ma adka in la ogaado in qaab-dhismeedka molecular ee SBC, sida viscosity sifo (xidhiidh la xidhiidha miisaankiisa kelli, guud ahaan viscosity waa sare, qaraabo). Miisaanka kelli waa sarreeyaa), content baaruud (la xidhiidha heerka beddelka kooxaha hydrophilic xoog on silsilad molecular, content baaruud sare waa darajo sare ee beddelka, Iyo dhanka kale) ayaa go'aamisa waxqabadka codsiga ee SBC. Marka waxa ku jira SBC8 ee leh viscosity hoose iyo baaruudda sare ay hoosayso, waxa ay yeelan kartaa awood xoog leh oo kala firdhiso oo ay ku shubto walxaha sibidhka, waxa ku jira dheregguna sidoo kale waa hooseeyaa, ilaa 1.0%. Kordhinta wakhtiga dejinta ee koollada sibidhka waa mid gaaban. Xoogga isku-buufinta ee hoobiye leh dheecaan isku mid ah ayaa si cad u kordha da 'kasta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, SBC6 oo leh viscosity sare oo gudaha ah iyo ka kooban baaruuddu hoose ayaa leh dareere yar marka waxa ku jira uu hooseeyo. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka nuxurkeeda la kordhiyo ilaa 1.5%, awooddeeda kala firidhsan ee walxaha sibidhka sidoo kale waa mid la taaban karo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtiga dejinta ee slurry saafi ah ayaa sii dheeraaday, taas oo muujinaysa sifooyinka dejinta gaabis ah. Hagaajinta xoogga cadaadiska hoobiye ee da'aha kala duwan ayaa xaddidan. Guud ahaan, SBC way ka fiican tahay SNF ilaalinta dareeraha hoobiye.

3. Gabagabo

1. Cellulose oo leh shahaadada polymerization-ka dheellitiran ayaa laga diyaariyey cellulose, kaas oo lagu etherized 1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone ka dib alkalization NaOH, ka dibna butyl sulfonolactone biyo-milmi leh ayaa la diyaariyey. Xaaladaha falcelinta ugu wanaagsan ee badeecadu waa sida soo socota: saf (Na0H); Waxaa qoray (AGU); n (BS) -2.5: 1.0: 1.7, waqtiga falcelinta waxay ahayd 4.5h, heerkulka falcelinta wuxuu ahaa 75 ℃. Alkalization-ka soo noqnoqda iyo etherification waxay yareyn kartaa viscosity sifada waxayna kordhisaa maadada baaruudka ee alaabta.

2. SBC oo leh viscosity sifo habboon iyo maadada baaruuddu waxay si weyn u wanaajin kartaa dareeraha dareeraha sibidhka waxayna wanaajin kartaa luminta dareeraha. Marka heerka dhimista biyaha ee hoobiye uu gaaro 16.5%, xoogga isku dhejinta ee muunad hoobiye da' kasta ayaa si cad u kordheysa.

3. Codsiga SBC ee ah wakiilka biyaha-yareeya waxay muujinaysaa dib u dhac gaar ah. Marka la eego xaaladda viscosity sifada ku habboon, waxaa suurtagal ah in la helo wax-ku-oolnimada sare ee wakiilka yaraynta biyaha iyadoo la kordhinayo maadada sulfur iyo dhimista heerka dib u dhigista. Iyadoo la tixraacayo halbeegyada qaranka ee khuseeya isku-darka shubka, SBC waxa laga filayaa inay noqoto wakiilka biyaha dhimaya oo leh qiime wax ku ool ah, dib-u-dhigista wakiilka biyaha yareeya, dib-u-dhigista waxtarka sare ee wax-yaraynta biyaha, iyo xitaa wax-ku-oolnimada sare ee wakiilka biyaha.