Nonionic cellulose ether ee sibidhka polymer

Sida wax lagu daro sibidhka polymerka, nonionic cellulose ether waxay heshay fiiro gaar ah iyo cilmi baaris. Iyada oo ku saleysan suugaanta khuseeya gudaha iyo dibaddaba, sharciga iyo habka loo yaqaan 'non-ionic cellulose ether ether modified hoobiye cement ayaa laga wada hadlay dhinacyada noocyada iyo xulashada ether cellulose non-ionic, saamaynta on sifooyinka jireed ee sibidhka polymer, saamaynta ay ku leedahay micromorphology iyo sifooyinka farsamada, iyo cilladaha cilmi-baarista hadda la soo bandhigay. Shaqadani waxay kor u qaadi doontaa codsiga etherka cellulose ee sibidhka polymer.

Erayada muhiimka ah: nonionic cellulose ether, sibidhka polymer, sifooyinka jirka, sifooyinka farsamada, qaab-dhismeedka yar yar

1. Dulmar

Iyadoo baahida sii kordheysa iyo shuruudaha waxqabadka ee sibidhka polymer ee warshadaha dhismaha, ku darista wax-ka-beddelka wax-ka-beddelka ayaa noqday goob cilmi-baaris ah, kuwaas oo, ether cellulose ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalay sababtoo ah saameynta ay ku leedahay xajinta biyaha sibidhka, dhumucda, dib u dhigista, hawada. iyo wixi la mida. Warqaddan, noocyada ether-ka cellulose, saamaynta jireed iyo farsamooyinka farsamada ee sibidhka polymer iyo micromorphology ee sibidhka polymer ayaa lagu sharaxay, taas oo bixisa tixraac aragti ah oo ku saabsan codsiga ether cellulose ee sibidhka polymer.

2. Noocyada nonionic cellulose ether

Eter cellulose waa nooc ka mid ah isku dhafka polymer oo leh qaab dhismeed oo laga sameeyay cellulose. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ether cellulose ah, taas oo saameyn weyn ku leh sifooyinka alaabta sibidhka ku salaysan oo ay adag tahay in la doorto. Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka kiimikada ee beddelka, waxaa loo qaybin karaa anionic, cationic iyo ethers nonionic. Nonionic cellulose ether oo leh beddelka silsiladda dhinac ee H, cH3, c2H5, (cH2cH20) nH, [cH2cH (cH3) 0] nH iyo kooxaha kale ee aan la kala saari karin ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo sibidhka, wakiilada caadiga ah waa methyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl methyl ether cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether iyo wixii la mid ah. Noocyada kala duwan ee ethers cellulose waxay leeyihiin saameyno kala duwan waqtiga dejinta sibidhka. Marka loo eego warbixinnada suugaanta hore, HEC waxay leedahay awoodda dib u dhigista ugu xooggan ee sibidhka, oo ay ku xigto HPMc iyo HEMc, iyo Mc ayaa leh kan ugu xun. Wixii la mid ah ether cellulose, miisaanka molecular ama viscosity, methyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl content ee kooxahan waa ka duwan yahay, saamaynta dib u dhac ayaa sidoo kale ka duwan. Guud ahaan marka loo eego, marka ay bataan viscosity iyo sare u kaca nuxurka kooxaha aan la kala qaybin, ayaa ka sii daraya awoodda dib u dhigista. Sidaa darteed, habka wax-soo-saarka dhabta ah, marka loo eego shuruudaha xinjirowga madaafiicda ganacsiga, nuxurka kooxda ku habboon ee ether cellulose ayaa la dooran karaa. Ama soo saarista ether cellulose isla mar ahaantaana, hagaajiso waxa ku jira kooxaha shaqada, ka dhig inay buuxiso shuruudaha hoobiye kala duwan.

3,Saamaynta nonionic cellulose ether ee sifooyinka jireed ee sibidhka polymer

3.1 xinjirowga qunyar socodka ah

Si loo sii dheereeyo waqtiga qallafsanaanta fuuq-celinta ee sibidhka, si ay hoobiye cusub isku qasan in muddo dheer si ay u sii caag ah, si ay u hagaajiyaan waqtiga dejinta ee hoobiye cusub isku qasan, hagaajinta ay operability, sida caadiga ah ku dar retarder in hoobiye, non- ionic cellulose ether ku haboon sibidhka polymer waa dib u dhac caadi ah.

Saamaynta dib u dhigista ether nonionic cellulose ether ee sibidhka waxaa inta badan saameeya nooca u gaar ah, viscosity, qiyaasta, ka kooban oo kala duwan ee macdanta sibidhka iyo arrimo kale. Pourchez J iyo al. waxay muujisay in heerka sare ee methylation cellulose ether, ay sii xumaanayso saamaynta dib u dhigista, halka miisaanka molecular ee ether cellulose iyo content hydroxypropoxy uu saameyn daciif ah ku yeeshay dib u dhigista fuuq-celinta sibidhka. Iyada oo korodhka viscosity iyo qiyaasta doping ee ether-ka aan-ionic cellulose, lakabka adsorption ee dusha qaybaha sibidhka waa la dhumuc weyn, iyo bilowga iyo ugu dambeeya waqtiga dejinta sibidhka waa la dheereeyey, iyo saamaynta dib u dhacu waa mid aad u cad. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in kulaylka hore ee sii-deynta sibidhka ee leh maadooyinka HEMC ee kala duwan ay 15% ka hooseeyaan tan dareeraha sibidhka saafiga ah, laakiin ma jiro farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya habka fuuq-celinta dambe. Singh NK iyo al. waxay muujisay in kororka xaddiga doping ee HEc, sii-deynta kulaylka fuuq-celinta ee hoobiye sibidhka oo la beddelay ayaa muujisay isbeddelka ugu horreeya ee kor u kaca ka dibna hoos u dhaca, iyo nuxurka HEC marka la gaaro heerka ugu sarreeya ee kuleyliyaha fuuq-celinta waxay la xiriirtaa da'da daaweynta.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la ogaaday in saameynta dib u dhigista ee nonionic cellulose ether ay si dhow ula xiriirto ka kooban sibidhka. Peschard iyo al. Waxa la ogaaday in marka ay hoos u dhigto maadada tricalcium aluminate (C3A) ee sibidhka, ay sii caddahay saamaynta dib u dhigista etherka cellulose. Schmitz L iyo al. Waxa la rumaysan yahay in tani ay sababtay siyaabaha kala duwan ee ether cellulose ilaa kinetics fuuq-celinta ee tricalcium silicate (C3S) iyo tricalcium aluminate (C3A). Ether Cellulose waxay yareyn kartaa heerka falcelinta ee xilliga dardargelinta C3S, halka C3A, ay sii dheereyn karto muddada soo-saarka, iyo ugu dambeyntii dib u dhigista xoojinta iyo adkeynta habka hoobiye.

Waxaa jira fikrado kala duwan oo ku saabsan habka aan-ionic cellulose ether dib u dhigista fuuq-celinta sibidhka. Silva iyo al. Liu waxa uu rumaysnaa in soo bandhigida ether-ka cellulose ay keeni doonto in viscosity ee xal daloolku korodho, sidaas awgeedna xannibaya dhaqdhaqaaqa ions iyo dib u dhigista uumiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Pourchez et al. la rumaysan yahay in uu jiro xidhiidh cad oo u dhexeeya dib u dhigista ether cellulose ilaa fuuq-celinta sibidhka iyo viscosity of cement slurry. Aragti kale ayaa ah in saameynta dib u dhigista etherka cellulose ay si dhow ula xiriirto hoos u dhaca alkali. Polysaccharides waxay u muuqdaan inay si fudud u yareeyaan si ay u soo saaraan hydroxyl karboksilic acid taasoo dib u dhigi karta fuuq-celinta sibidhka ee xaaladaha alkaline. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi-baaristu waxay ogaatay in ether-ka cellulose uu aad u deggan yahay xaaladaha alkaline-ka oo kaliya wax yar ayuu hoos u dhigayaa, iyo hoos u dhaca ayaa saameyn yar ku leh dib u dhigista fuuq-celinta sibidhka. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, aragtida dheeraadka ah ee joogtada ah ayaa ah in saameynta dib-u-dhaca ay inta badan keentay xayeysiis. Gaar ahaan, kooxda hydroxyl ee dusha molecular ee ether cellulose waa acidic, ca (0H) ee nidaamka sibidhka fuuq-celinta, iyo wejiyada kale ee macdanta waa alkaline. Marka la eego ficilka isku-dhafka ah ee isku-xidhka hydrogen, isku-dhafan iyo hydrophobic, unugyada cellulose ether acidic ayaa lagu dhejin doonaa dusha sare ee qaybaha sibidhka alkaline iyo alaabta fuuqbaxa. Intaa waxaa dheer, filim khafiif ah ayaa laga sameeyay dusha sare, kaas oo xannibaya koritaanka dheeraadka ah ee wejiga macdanta crystal nuclei iyo dib u dhigista fuuq-celinta iyo dejinta sibidhka. Awooda adsorption ee udhaxeysa alaabta fuuq-celinta sibidhka iyo ether-ka cellulose, ayaa sii muuqda daahitaanka fuuq-celinta sibidhka. Dhinaca kale, cabbirka xannibaadda steric-ku waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa awoodda xayeysiinta, sida xannibaadda yaryar ee steric ee kooxda hydroxyl, aysiidhkeeda xooggan, adsorption sidoo kale waa mid xooggan. Dhanka kale, awoodda xayeysiinta waxay sidoo kale ku xiran tahay halabuurka alaabada fuuq-celinta ee sibidhka. Pourchez iyo al. Waxaa la ogaaday in ether-ka cellulose si fudud loogu dhejiyo dusha sare ee alaabta fuuq-celinta sida ca (0H) 2, csH gel iyo calcium aluminate hydrate, laakiin ma fududa in lagu dhejiyo ettringite iyo wajiga aan biyaha lahayn. Daraasada Mullert ayaa sidoo kale muujisay in ether cellulose ay leedahay adsorption xoog leh oo ku saabsan c3s iyo alaabteeda fuuq-celinta, sidaa daraadeed fuuq-celinta wajiga silicate ayaa si weyn dib u dhigtay. Xayeysiiska ettringite wuxuu ahaa mid hooseeya, laakiin samaynta ettringite ayaa si weyn dib u dhigtay. Tani waxay ahayd sababtoo ah dib u dhigista samaynta ettringite waxaa saameeyay ca2 + dheelitirka xalka, taas oo ahayd sii wadida dib u dhigista ether cellulose ee fuuqbaxa silicate.

3.2 Ilaalinta Biyaha

Saamaynta kale ee muhiimka ah ee wax ka beddelka ether-ka cellulose ee hoobiyeyaasha sibidhka waa inay u muuqato sida wakiilka biyaha-haynta, kaas oo ka hortagi kara qoyaanka qoyan ee qoyan si uumi ugu baxo ama uu salku nuugo, oo dib u dhigo fuuq-celinta sibidhka iyadoo la kordhinayo wakhtiga hawlgalka hoobiye qoyan, si loo hubiyo in hoobiye dhuuban la shanleysan karo, hoobiye la malaasay waa la faafin karaa, oo si sahlan loo nuugo hoobiye uma baahna in horay loo qooyo.

Awoodda haynta biyaha ee ether-ka cellulose waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa viscosity, qiyaasta, nooca iyo heerkulka deegaanka. Xaalado kale ayaa la mid ah, way sii weynaanaysaa viscosity ether cellulose, si ka sii fiican saamaynta biyaha, qadar yar oo ah ether cellulose ayaa ka dhigi kara heerka haynta biyaha ee hoobiye si weyn u wanaajiyay; Isla ether-ka cellulose-ka, inta badan qaddarka lagu daray, ayaa sarreeya heerka haynta biyaha ee hoobiye wax laga beddelay, laakiin waxaa jira qiime aad u wanaagsan, taas oo ka baxsan heerka xajinta biyaha si tartiib ah u kordho. Noocyada kala duwan ee ether-ka cellulose, waxaa sidoo kale jira kala duwanaansho ku haynta biyaha, sida HPMc oo ku jira xaalado la mid ah Mc haynta biyaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxqabadka xajinta biyaha ee ether cellulose ayaa hoos u dhacaya kororka heerkulka deegaanka.

Waxaa guud ahaan la rumeysan yahay in sababta cellulose ether u leedahay shaqada haynta biyaha ay inta badan sabab u tahay 0H on molecule iyo 0 atomi on bond ether waxay la xiriiri doontaa molecules biyaha si ay u soo saaraan curaarta hydrogen, si ay biyaha xorta ah u noqdaan kuwo isku xiran. biyaha, si ay kaalin fiican uga qaataan ilaalinta biyaha; Waxa kale oo la aaminsan yahay in silsiladda macromolecular ether ether cellulose ay door xaddidan ka ciyaarto fidinta unugyada biyaha, si ay si wax ku ool ah u xakameyso uumiga biyaha, si loo gaaro haynta biyaha sare; Pourchez J waxa uu ku dooday in ether cellulose ay ku guulaysteen saamaynta haynta biyaha iyada oo la hagaajinayo sifooyinka rheological ee dheecaanka sibidhka ee cusub ee isku dhafan, qaab dhismeedka shabakada dabada leh iyo samaynta filimka cellulose ether taas oo caqabad ku ah faafinta biyaha. Laetitia P et al. sidoo kale waxay aaminsan yihiin in hantida rheological ee hoobiye ay tahay arrin muhiim ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay aaminsan yihiin in viscosity uusan ahayn qodobka kaliya ee go'aaminaya waxqabadka wanaagsan ee haynta biyaha ee hoobiye. Waxaa xusid mudan in inkasta oo ether cellulose uu leeyahay waxqabad wanaagsan oo haynta biyaha, laakiin ay wax ka beddeleen sibidh sibidhka nuugista sibidh adag la dhimi doonaa, sababtu waa in ether cellulose ee filimka hoobiye ah, iyo in hoobiye tiro badan oo daloollada yar yar xiran, xannibaya. hoobiye gudaha xididka.

3.3 Dhumucda

Joogteynta hoobiye waa mid ka mid ah tusmooyinka muhiimka ah ee lagu cabbiro waxqabadkiisa shaqo. Cellulose ether ayaa inta badan la soo bandhigaa si loo kordhiyo joogtaynta. "Isku-joog" waxay ka dhigan tahay awoodda hoobiye cusub oo isku qasan si ay u qulqulaan oo u qaabeeyaan ficilka cufnaanta ama xoogagga dibadda. Labada sifo ee dhumucyada iyo haynta biyaha ayaa midba midka kale kabo. Ku darida qadar ku habboon ether cellulose ma aha oo kaliya hagaajinta waxqabadka haynta biyaha ee hoobiye, hubi dhismaha siman, laakiin sidoo kale kordhin joogta ah ee hoobiye, si weyn u kordhiyaa awoodda ka hortagga kala firdhiso ee sibidhka, hagaajinaysaa waxqabadka bond u dhexeeya hoobiye iyo matrix, iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaadda hoobiyeyaasha.

Saamaynta dhumucda ether-ka cellulose inta badan waxay ka timaadaa viscosity u gaar ah, weynaan muuqashada, si fiican u dhumucdiisuna, laakiin haddii viscosity aad u weyn, waxay yaraynaysaa dheecaanka hoobiye, saamaynaya dhismaha. Qodobbada saameeya isbeddelka viscosity, sida miisaanka molecular (ama heerka polymerization) iyo xoojinta etherka cellulose, heerkulka xalalka, heerka dhogorta, waxay saameyn doontaa saameynta dhumucda ugu dambeysa.

Habka dhumucdiisuna waxay ka timaaddaa fuuq-baxa iyo isku-xidhka unugyadu. Dhinaca kale, silsiladda polymer ee ether-ka cellulose waa sahlan tahay in la sameeyo dammaanad hydrogen ah oo biyo ah, bond bond ayaa ka dhigaya inuu yeesho fuuq-bax sare; Dhanka kale, marka ether cellulose lagu daro hoobiye, waxay nuugi doontaa biyo badan, sidaas darteed mugga u gaar ah ayaa si weyn loo ballaariyay, hoos u dhigaya booska xorta ah ee qaybaha, isla mar ahaantaana silsiladaha unugyada ether cellulose ayaa isku xiran midba midka kale. si loo sameeyo qaab-dhismeedka shabakad saddex-geesood ah, qaybo hoobiye ah ayaa ku wareegsan, kuwaas oo aan ahayn qulqulka bilaashka ah. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, labadan ficil, viscosity ee nidaamka waa la wanaajiyey, sidaas darteed lagu gaaro saamaynta dhumuc ee la doonayo.

4. Saamaynta nonionic cellulose ether ee qaab-dhismeedka iyo qaab-dhismeedka daloolka ee sibidhka polymer

Sida laga arki karo kor ku xusan, ether-ka aan-ionic cellulose ether ka ciyaara door muhiim ah sibidhka polymer, iyo ku darsasho hubaal saamayn doonaa microstructure ee dhammaan hoobiye sibidhka. Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in ether-ka-cellulose-ka aan-ionic-ka ahayn wuxuu badiyaa kordhiyaa porosity ee hoobiye sibidhka, iyo tirada daloolada ee cabbirka 3nm ~ 350um ayaa kordhay, kuwaas oo tirada daloolada ee kala duwan ee 100nm ~ 500nm ay kordhiso inta badan. Saamaynta qaabka daloolada ee hoobiye sibidhka waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa nooca iyo viscosity ee ether cellulose aan-ionic ah oo lagu daray. Ou Zhihua iyo al. waxa la rumaysan yahay in marka uu viscosity la mid yahay, porosity ee hoobiye sibidhka wax ka beddeley HEC ka yar yahay kan HPMc iyo Mc daray sida wax ka beddelka. Isla eter-ka cellulose-ka, marka uu yaraado viscosity-ka, ayaa sii yaraanaya porosity-ga hoobiye sibidhka ee la beddelay. Iyadoo la baranayo saameynta HPMc ee daloolinta guddiga dahaadhka sibidhka ee xumbo, Wang Yanru et al. waxay ogaadeen in ku darida HPMC aysan si weyn u bedelin porosity, laakiin waxay si weyn u yareeyn kartaa daloolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Zhang Guodian et al. Waxaa la ogaaday in inta badan maadada HEMc, ay sii caddahay saameynta qaab dhismeedka daloolka ee dareeraha sibidhka. Ku darida HEMc waxay si weyn u kordhin kartaa porosity, wadarta mugga daloolka iyo celceliska radius ee dareeraha sibidhka, laakiin dusha gaarka ah ee daloolka ayaa hoos u dhacaya, tirada daloolada waaweyn ee xididada waaweyn ee ka weyn 50nm dhexroorka ayaa si weyn u kordhaya, iyo daloollada soo bandhigay waa daldaloollo xiran.

Saamaynta ether-ka nonionic cellulose ether ee habka samaynta ee qaab dhismeedka daloolka dareeraha sibidhka ayaa la falanqeeyay. Waxaa la ogaaday in ku darida ether-ka cellulose ay inta badan badashay sifooyinka wajiga dareeraha. Dhinaca kale, xiisadda dusha sare ee wejiga dareeraha ayaa hoos u dhacda, taas oo sahlaysa in ay sameeyaan xumbo ku jira hoobiye sibidhka, waxayna hoos u dhigi doontaa qulqulka wejiga dareeraha iyo faafinta xumbo, sidaas darteed goobooyin yaryar ayaa adag in la soo ururiyo xumbo waaweyn iyo dheecaan, sidaas darteed bannaanka si weyn ayaa loo kordhiyaa; Dhanka kale, viscosity ee marxaladda dareeraha ah ayaa kordheysa, taas oo sidoo kale joojisa qulqulka, faafinta xumbo iyo isku darka xumbo, waxayna kor u qaadaysaa awoodda xasilinta xumbo. Sidaa darteed, habka saamaynta ether cellulose on qaybinta size dalool ee hoobiye sibidhka waa la heli karaa: in kala duwan ee size dalool ka badan 100nm, goobooyin la soo bandhigi karaa by yaraynta xiisadda dusha ee wajiga dareeraha, iyo faafinta xumbo waa la joojin karaa by by kordhinta viscosity dareeraha; gobolka 30nm ~ 60nm, tirada daldaloolada gobolka ayaa saameyn kara iyadoo la joojinayo isku darka goobooyin yaryar.

5. Saamaynta nonionic cellulose ether ee sifooyinka farsamada ee sibidhka polymer

Qalabka farsamada ee sibidhka polymer waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan qaab-dhismeedkeeda. Marka lagu daro ether nonionic cellulose ether, porosity-ku wuu kordhaa, kaas oo ku xidhan inuu saameyn xun ku yeesho xooggiisa, gaar ahaan xoogga cadaadiska iyo xoogga dabacsanaanta. Hoos u dhigista xoogga cufan ee hoobiye sibidhka ayaa aad uga weyn xoogga dabacsanaanta. Ou Zhihua iyo al. waxa ay daraasad ku sameeyeen saamaynta noocyada kala duwan ee ether-ka cellulose-ka ee aan-ionic-ka ku yeelanayn sifooyinka farsamaysan ee hoobiye sibidhka, waxaanay ogaadeen in awoodda cellulose ether-ka hoobiye sibidhka wax laga beddelay ay ka hoosaysay kan hoobiye sibidhka saafiga ah, iyo awoodda cadaadiska ugu hoosaysa ee 28d waxay ahayd 44.3% oo keliya. oo ah dheecaanka sibidhka saafiga ah. Awoodda isku-buufinta iyo xoogga dabacsanaanta ee HPMc, HEMC iyo MC cellulose ether la beddelay ayaa la mid ah, halka xoogga isku-buufinta iyo xoogga dabacsanaanta ee HEc la beddelay sibidhka sibidhka ee da 'kasta ay aad u sarreeyaan. Tani waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa viscosity-kooda ama culeyskooda kelli, mar kasta oo uu sareeyo viscosity ama culeyska kelli ee etherka cellulose, ama dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare, hoos ayuu u dhigayaa xoogga hoobiye sibidhka la beddelay.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale la muujiyay in nonionic cellulose ether ay kor u qaadi karto xoogga jilicsanaanta, dabacsanaanta iyo isku xirnaanta hoobiye sibidhka. Huang Liangen iyo al. waxay ogaatay in, liddi ku ah sharciga isbeddelka xoogga cadaadiska, xoogga xiirta iyo xoogga xajinta ee slurry ayaa kordhay kororka maadada cellulose ether ee hoobiye cement. Falanqaynta sababta, ka dib marka lagu daro ether cellulose, iyo emulsion polymer si wadajir ah si ay u sameeyaan tiro badan oo filim polymer cufan, si weyn u hagaajinaysaa dabacsanaan ee slurry ah, iyo fuuq-cement alaabta, sibidhka unhydrated, fillers iyo qalab kale oo ka buuxsamay filimkan. , si loo hubiyo awoodda xajinta ee nidaamka daahan.

Si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka non-ionic cellulose ether polymer cement modified, hagaajinta sifooyinka jireed ee hoobiye cement waqti isku mid ah, ma si weyn u yaraynaysaa sifooyinkiisa farsamo, dhaqanka caadiga ah waa in ay u dhigma ether cellulose iyo admixtures kale, daray in hoobiye sibidhka. Li Tao-wen iyo al. Waxaa la ogaaday in wax lagu daro isku dhafan oo ka kooban ether cellulose iyo budada koollada polymer ma aha oo kaliya in ay hagaajiyeen xoogga foorarsiga iyo xoogga isku dhejinta ee hoobiye, si isku-duubnida iyo viscosity ee hoobiye sibidhka ay aad ugu habboon yihiin dhismaha daahan, laakiin sidoo kale si weyn u hagaajiyay haynta biyaha. awoodda hoobiye marka la barbar dhigo hal ether cellulose. Xu Qi iyo al. lagu daray budada slag, wakiilka biyaha yareeya iyo HEMc, waxayna ogaadeen in wakiilka biyaha yareeya iyo budada macdanta ay kordhin karaan cufnaanta hoobiye, waxay yareeyaan tirada godadka, si ay u wanaajiso xoogga iyo moodooyinka laastikada ee hoobiye. HEMc waxay kordhin kartaa awoodda isku-xidhka xajinta ee hoobiye, laakiin uma roona xoogga cufnaanta iyo moodada laastikada ee hoobiye. Yang Xiaojie iyo al. waxaa la ogaaday in dildilaaca caaga ah ee hoobiye sibidhka si weyn loo dhimi karo ka dib marka la isku daro HEMc iyo PP fiber.

6. Gabagabo

Nonionic cellulose ether wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa sibidhka polymer, kaas oo si weyn u wanaajin kara sifooyinka jireed (oo ay ku jiraan xinjirowga dib u dhigista, ilaalinta biyaha, dhumucda), qaab-dhismeedka microscopic iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee hoobiye sibidhka. Shaqooyin badan ayaa lagu sameeyay wax ka beddelka walxaha sibidhka ku salaysan ee ether cellulose, laakiin weli waxaa jira dhibaatooyin qaar oo u baahan daraasad dheeraad ah. Tusaale ahaan, codsiyada injineernimada wax ku oolka ah, feejignaan yar ayaa la bixiyaa rheology, sifooyinka qallafsanaanta, xasilloonida mugga iyo adkeysiga alaabta cement-ku-saleysan ee wax laga beddelay, iyo xiriir joogto ah oo u dhigma lama aasaasin iyada oo lagu daray ether cellulose. Cilmi-baarista habka socdaalka ee cellulose ether polymer iyo alaabada fuuq-celinta sibidhka ee falcelinta fuuq-celinta weli kuma filna. Habka wax-qabadka iyo habka wax-ku-darka isku-dhafka ah ee ka kooban ether cellulose iyo isku-darka kale ma cadda ku filan. Ku darida isku dhafan ee ether-ka cellulose iyo walxaha aan dabiiciga ahayn ee la xoojiyay sida fiber-ka dhalada ah lama dhamaystirin. Dhammaan kuwan waxay noqon doonaan diiradda cilmi-baarista mustaqbalka si loo bixiyo hagitaan aragtiyeed si loo sii wanaajiyo waxqabadka sibidhka polymer.