Sida loo sameeyo ether cellulose?

Eter cellulose waa nooc ka mid ah derivative cellulose helay by etherification beddelka ee cellulose. Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa ay sabab u tahay dhumucdiisuna aad u fiican, emulsification, ganaax, samaynta filimada, kolloid ilaalinta, haynta qoyaan, iyo guryaha adhesion. Waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa horumarinta dhaqaalaha qaranka ee cilmi baarista sayniska iyo qaybaha warshadaha sida cuntada, daawada, waraaqaha, dahaarka, qalabka dhismaha, soo kabashada saliidda, dunta iyo qaybaha elektarooniga ah. Warqadan, horumarka cilmi-baarista ee beddelka etherification ee cellulose ayaa dib loo eegay.

Celluloseetherwaa polymer-ka ugu badan ee dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah. Waa la cusboonaysiin karaa, cagaar iyo noole la socon kara. Waa walxo asaasi ah oo ceeriin ah oo muhiim u ah injineernimada kiimikada. Marka loo eego beddelaadyada kala duwan ee molecule-ka laga helay falcelinta etherification, waxaa loo qaybin karaa hal ether iyo isku dhafan cellulose ethers.Halkan waxaan dib u eegid horumarka cilmi baadhista ee isku xidhka hal ethers, oo ay ku jiraan alkyl ethers, hydroxyalky ethers, carboxyalkyl ethers, iyo ethers isku dhafan.

Erayada muhiimka ah: cellulose ether, etherification, hal ether, ether isku dhafan, horumarka cilmi-baarista

1.Etherification falcelinta cellulose

Dareen-celinta etherification ee cellulose ether waa falcelinta derivatization cellulose ugu muhiimsan. Etherification of cellulose waa taxane derivatives soo saaro falcelinta kooxaha hydroxyl on silsiladaha molecular cellulose la wakiilada alkylating hoos xaaladaha alkaline. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ah alaabooyinka ether-ka cellulose, kuwaas oo loo qaybin karo hal ethers iyo ethers isku dhafan iyadoo loo eegayo beddelka kala duwan ee molecules-ka laga helay falcelinta etherification. Ether-ka kelida ah waxa loo qaybin karaa alkyl ethers, ethers hydroxyalkyl iyo ethers carboxyalkyl, iyo ethers-isku-dhafan waxay tixraacaan ether-yada leh laba ama in ka badan oo kooxo ah oo ku xidhan qaabka molecular. Waxyaabaha ether-ka ee cellulose-ka ah, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) ayaa lagu soo bandhigay, kuwaas oo ka mid ah alaabooyinka qaarkood la ganacsiyeeyay.

2.Synthesis of cellulose ether

2.1 Isku-dhafka hal ether

Hal ethers waxaa ka mid ah alkyl ethers (sida ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, phenyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, iwm), hydroxyalkyl ethers (sida hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, iwm), carboxyalkyl ethers (sida carboxymethyl cellulose cellulose). iwm.).

2.1.1 Qalabaynta alkyl ethers

Berglund iyo al ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu daweeyay cellulose oo leh xal NaOH oo lagu daray ethyl chloride, ka dibna lagu daray methyl chloride heerkul ah 65°C ilaa 90°C iyo cadaadiska 3bar ilaa 15bar, oo ka falceliyay si ay u soo saaraan ether methyl cellulose. Habkani wuxuu noqon karaa mid aad waxtar u leh Si loo helo ethers methyl cellulose biyo-milmi leh oo leh heerar kala duwan oo beddel ah.

Ethylcellulose waa granul thermoplastic cad ama budo. Badeecadaha guud waxa ku jira 44% ~ 49% ethoxy. Ku milma inta badan dareerayaasha organic, aan lagu milmin biyaha. saxarka ama suufka suufka leh 40% ~ 50% sodium hydroxide xal aqueous, iyo cellulose alkalized waxaa ethoxylated leh ethyl chloride si loo soo saaro ethyl cellulose. si guul leh u habeeyey ethyl cellulose (EC) oo leh ethoxy content 43.98% hab hal-tallaabo ah iyadoo ka falcelinaysa cellulose leh ethyl chloride iyo sodium hydroxide oo dheeraad ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo toluene sida dareere ahaan. Toluene ayaa loo isticmaalay sidii dareeraha tijaabada ah. Inta lagu jiro falcelinta etherification, kaliya ma kor u qaadi karto faafinta chloride ethyl cellulose-ka alkali, laakiin sidoo kale waxay milmi kartaa ethyl cellulose aadka loo beddelay. Inta lagu jiro falcelinta, qaybta aan la taaban karin ayaa si joogto ah loo soo bandhigi karaa, samaynta wakiilka etherification Way fududahay in la soo weeraro, si fal-celinta ethylation ay u beddesho mid isku mid ah oo isku mid ah, iyo qaybinta beddelka alaabada ayaa ah mid isku mid ah.

loo isticmaalo ethyl bromide sida wakiilka etherification iyo tetrahydrofuran sida diluent si loo farsameeyo ethyl cellulose (EC), oo lagu gartaa qaab dhismeedka sheyga by spectroscopy infrared, resonance magnetic nukliyeer iyo gel permeation chromatography. Waxaa la xisaabiyaa in heerka beddelka ee cellulose ethyl synthesized ku saabsan yahay 2.5, qaybinta cufka kelli waa cidhiidhi, oo ay leedahay milanka wanaagsan ee dareerayaasha organic.

cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) iyada oo loo marayo hababka isku midka ah iyo kuwa kala duwan iyadoo la adeegsanayo cellulose leh darajo kala duwan oo polymerization ah sida alaabta ceeriin, iyo diyaarinta walxaha xuubka CEC ee cufan iyadoo la adeegsanayo xalinta iyo cadaadis kulul. Xuubabka CEC ee daloolka leh waxaa lagu diyaariyay tignoolajiyada kala-saarista wajiga-qallafsan (NIPS), iyo barium titanate/cyanoethyl cellulose (BT/CEC) nanocomposite walxaha xuubka waxaa diyaariyay tignoolajiyada NIPS, qaab-dhismeedkooda iyo hantidoodana waa la darsay.

loo isticmaalo dareeraha cellulose-ka ee is-horumariyay (alkali / xalalka urea) sida dhexdhexaadinta falcelinta si isku mid ah u soo saarta cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) oo leh acrylonitrile sida wakiilka etherification, waxayna sameeyeen cilmi-baaris ku saabsan qaabka, guryaha iyo codsiyada alaabta. si qoto dheer u baro. Iyo iyada oo la xakameynayo xaaladaha falcelinta ee kala duwan, taxane CEC-yo leh qiimayaasha DS oo u dhexeeya 0.26 ilaa 1.81 ayaa la heli karaa.

2.1.2 Isku-darka ether-ka hydroxyalkyl

Fan Junlin et al waxay diyaariyeen hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) oo ku jira 500 L reactor iyadoo la isticmaalayo suuf la safeeyey sida walxo ceeriin ah iyo 87.7% isopropanol-biyo sida dareere hal-tallaabo alkalization, dhexdhexaadin tallaabo-tallaabo ah iyo etherification tallaabo-tallaabo ah. . Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in hydroxyethyl cellulose-ka la diyaariyey (HEC) uu lahaa beddelka molar MS ee 2.2-2.9, oo gaadhay heer la mid ah tayada badeecadda Dows 250 HEC oo leh beddelka molar ee 2.2-2.4. Isticmaalka HEC ee soo saarista rinjiga cinjirka waxay wanaajin kartaa samaynta filimada iyo sifooyinka rinjiga cinjirka.

Liu Dan iyo kuwa kale ayaa ka wada hadlay diyaarinta quaternary ammonium cusbo cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose by habka semi-qallalan ee hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) iyo 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTA) hoos tallaabada catalysis alkali. xaaladaha ether. Saamaynta ku darista cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose ether ee warqadda ayaa la baaray. Natiijooyinka tijaabada ah waxay muujinayaan in: saxarka alwaax adag, marka heerka beddelka ee cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose ether uu yahay 0.26, wadarta guud ee haynta waxay kordhaysaa 9%, iyo heerka sifaynta biyaha ayaa kordhay 14%; saxarka alwaax adag oo warankiilayey, marka xadiga cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose ether uu yahay 0.08% ee faybarka saxarka, waxay saamayn xoog leh ku leedahay warqada; heerka ugu weyn ee beddelka ether cationic cellulose, weynaanta cufnaanta cationic, iyo ka wanaagsan ee saamaynta xoojinta.

Zhanhong wuxuu isticmaalaa habka isku-dhafka dareeraha-wejiga si uu u diyaariyo hydroxyethyl cellulose oo leh qiimaha viscosity ee 5×104mPa·s ama ka badan iyo qiimaha dambaska ee ka yar 0.3% iyada oo loo marayo habka laba-tallaabo ee alkalization and etherification. Laba hab oo alkalization ah ayaa la isticmaalay. Habka ugu horreeya waa in loo isticmaalo acetone sida dareere ahaan. Maaddooyinka cayriin ee cellulose waxay si toos ah ugu salaysan yihiin xaddi gaar ah oo ah xalalka aqueous sodium hydroxide. Ka dib marka falcelinta sal-dhigista la sameeyo, wakiilka etherification ayaa lagu daraa si uu si toos ah u fuliyo falcelinta etherification. Habka labaad waa in alaabta ceeriin ah lagu alkalized in xal aqueous ah sodium hydroxide iyo urea, iyo cellulose alkali ee lagu diyaariyey habkan waa in la tuujiyo si ay meesha ka saaraysa xad-dhaaf ah laydhka ka hor falcelinta etherification. Natiijooyinka tijaabada ah waxay muujinayaan in arrimo ay ka mid yihiin qadarka dareeraha ah ee la doortay, qadarka ethylene oxide ee lagu daray, wakhtiga alkalization, heerkulka iyo wakhtiga falcelinta koowaad, iyo heerkulka iyo wakhtiga falcelinta labaad dhamaantood waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin waxqabadka. ee alaabta.

Xu Qin iyo al. sameeyay falcelinta etherification ee cellulose alkali iyo propylene oxide, iyo synthesized hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) oo leh shahaado beddelka hoose by habka gaaska adag. Saamaynta jajabka tirada badan ee oxide propylene, saamiga tuujin iyo heerkulka etherification ee heerka etherification ee HPC iyo ka faa'iidaysiga waxtarka leh ee propylene oxide ayaa la darsay. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in shuruudaha isku-dhafka ugu wanaagsan ee HPC ay yihiin jajab cufan propylene oxide 20% (samiga mass ilaa cellulose), saamiga alkali cellulose extrusion 3.0, iyo heerkulka etherification 60°C. Tijaabada qaabdhismeedka HPC ee nukliyeerka nukliyeerka nukliyeerka ayaa muujinaya in heerka etherification ee HPC uu yahay 0.23, heerka isticmaalka waxtarka leh ee propylene oxide waa 41.51%, iyo silsiladda molecular cellulose waxay si guul leh ugu xiran tahay kooxaha hydroxypropyl.

Kong Xingjie iyo al. loo diyaariyey hydroxypropyl cellulose oo leh dareere ionic sida dareere ah si loo xaqiijiyo falcelinta isku midka ah ee cellulose si loo xaqiijiyo nidaaminta habka falcelinta iyo alaabta. Inta lagu guda jiro tijaabada, dareeraha imidazole fosfate phosphate synthetic 1, 3-diethylimidazole diethyl phosphate ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu milo cellulose microcrystalline, iyo hydroxypropyl cellulose waxaa lagu helay alkalization, etherification, acidification, iyo dhaqidda.

2.1.3 Isku-dubaridka ether-ka karboxyalkyl

Carboxymethyl cellulose ugu caansan waa karboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Xalka aqueous ee carbonoxymethyl cellulose waxa uu leeyahay hawlaha dhumuc, samaynta filimada, bonding, haynta biyaha, ilaalinta kolloid, emulsification iyo ganaax, oo si weyn loo isticmaalo in lagu dhaqo. Daawooyinka, cuntada, daawada cadayga, dunta, daabacaadda iyo midabaynta, samaynta waraaqaha, batroolka, macdanta, dawooyinka, dhoobada, qaybaha elektaroonigga ah, cinjirka, rinjiga, sunta cayayaanka, waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo, hargaha, bacaha iyo qodista saliidda, iwm.

Sannadkii 1918kii, Jarmal E. Jansen waxa uu hindisay habka isku-dhafka ah ee karboxymethyl cellulose. Sannadkii 1940-kii, warshadda Kalle ee Shirkadda Jarmalka IG Farbeninaustrie waxay xaqiiqsatay wax-soo-saarka warshadaha. Sannadkii 1947-kii, Shirkadda Kiimikada ee Wyandotle ee Maraykanka ayaa si guul leh u samaysay hab-soo-saar joogto ah. Dalkaygu wuxuu markii ugu horreysay geliyay wax-soo-saarka warshadaha CMC ee warshadda Celluloid ee Shanghai 1958. Carboxymethyl cellulose waa eter-ka cellulose ee laga soo saaro suuf la safeeyey oo hoos yimaada ficilka sodium hydroxide iyo chloroacetic acid. Hababka wax soo saarka warshadaheeda waxa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood: habka biyaha ku salaysan iyo habka dareeraha ku salaysan sida ay qabaan warbaahinta etherification kala duwan. Habka loo isticmaalo biyaha sida dhexdhexaadiyaha falcelinta waxaa loo yaqaan habka dhexdhexaadka ah ee biyaha, habka ay ku jirto dareeraha organic ee dhexdhexaadinta falcelinta waxaa loo yaqaan habka dareeraha.

Iyadoo qoto dheer ee cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada, xaaladaha cusub ee falcelinta ayaa lagu dabaqay isku-darka karboxymethyl cellulose, iyo nidaamka cusub ee dareeraha ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh habka falcelinta ama tayada alaabta. Olaru iyo al. Waxaa la ogaaday in falcelinta karboxymethylation ee cellulose iyadoo la isticmaalayo ethanol-acetone nidaamka isku dhafan uu ka fiican yahay kan ethanol ama acetone oo keliya. Nicholson iyo al. Nidaamka, CMC oo leh heer hoose oo beddel ah ayaa la diyaariyey. Philipp iyo al waxay diyaariyeen CMC oo si heer sare ah loo bedelay N-methylmorpholine-N oxide iyo N, N dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride hababka dareeraha siday u kala horreeyaan. Cai iyo al. waxay soo saartay hab loogu diyaariyo CMC habka NaOH/urea dareeraha. Ramos iyo al. waxay isticmaashay nidaamka dareeraha DMSO/tetrabutylammonium fluoride ionic sida dareere si loo karboxymethylate walxaha ceeriin ee cellulose ee laga sifeeyay suufka iyo sisal, oo la helay badeecada CMC oo leh shahaado beddelaad ah oo ah 2.17. Chen Jinghuan iyo al. loo isticmaalo cellulose leh feejignaan sare oo saxar ah (20%) sida walxo ceeriin ah, sodium hydroxide iyo acrylamide sida reagents wax ka beddelka, waxay sameeyeen falcelin wax ka beddelka karboxiyetylation waqti iyo heerkul go'an, oo ugu dambeyntii la helay cellulose saldhigga carboxyethyl. Waxa ku jira karboxyethyl ee alaabta la bedelay waxa lagu xakamayn karaa iyada oo la beddelo cadadka sodium hydroxide iyo acrylamide.

2.2 Isku-dhafka ether-ka isku dhafan

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether waa nooc ka mid ah ether cellulose aan polar ahayn oo ku milma biyo qabow oo laga helo cellulose dabiiciga ah iyada oo loo marayo alkalization iyo hagaajinta etherification. Waxaa lagu alkalized leh xal sodium hydroxide oo lagu daray qadar cayiman oo ah Qadarka isopropanol iyo dareeraha toluene, wakiilka etherification ee qaata waa methyl chloride iyo propylene oxide.

Dai Mingyun iyo al. loo isticmaalo hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) oo ah laf dhabarta polymer hydrophilic, oo ku tallaalay wakiilka hydrophobizing butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) lafta dhabarka iyada oo falcelinta etherification si loo hagaajiyo kooxda hydrophobic butyl. Heerka beddelka kooxda, si ay u leedahay qiimaha dheelitirka hydrophilic-lipophilic ku habboon, iyo heerkulka jawaab celinta 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (HBPEC) ayaa la diyaariyey; Hantida heerkulka ka jawaabeysa ayaa la diyaariyey Qalabka shaqada ee ku saleysan cellulose wuxuu bixiyaa hab cusub oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka walxaha shaqeynaya ee dhinacyada sii-deynta daroogada iyo bayoolaji.

Chen Yangming iyo kuwa kale waxay u isticmaaleen hydroxyethyl cellulose sida walxo ceeriin ah, iyo nidaamka xalinta isopropanol, waxay ku dartay qadar yar oo Na2B4O7 ah falcelinta falcelinta isku midka ah si loogu diyaariyo ether hydroxyethyl karboxymethyl cellulose isku dhafan. Alaabtu waa isla markiiba biyaha, iyo viscosity-ku waa mid deggan.

Wang Peng waxay isticmaashaa suufka la safeeyey ee dabiiciga ah sida alaabta ceeriin ee aasaasiga ah, waxayna isticmaashaa habka etherification hal-tallaabo si ay u soo saarto karboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose leh falcelin isku mid ah, viscosity sare, caabbinta acid wanaagsan iyo caabbinta milixda iyada oo loo marayo alkalization iyo falcelinta etherification Compound ether. Isticmaalka habka etherification hal-tallaabo, karboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose soo saaray waxay leedahay iska caabin milix wanaagsan, caabin acid iyo milanka. Marka la beddelo qiyaasta qiyaasta propylene oxide iyo chloroacetic acid, alaabada leh karboxymethyl iyo ka kooban hydroxypropyl kala duwan ayaa la diyaarin karaa. Natiijooyinka imtixaanku waxay muujinayaan in karboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose soo saaray hab hal-tallaabo uu leeyahay wareegga wax soo saarka gaaban, isticmaalka dareeraha hoose, iyo alaabta ayaa iska caabin heer sare ah si monovalent iyo divalent cusbada iyo caabbinta acid wanaagsan. Marka la barbar dhigo alaabada kale ee ether-ka cellulose, waxay leedahay tartan xooggan oo dhinaca cuntada iyo sahaminta saliidda ah.

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) waa noocyada ugu waxqabadka badan uguna waxqabadka wanaagsan dhammaan noocyada cellulose, sidoo kale waa wakiilka caadiga ah ee ganacsiga ka dhex jira ethers isku dhafan. 1927kii, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) ayaa si guul leh loo farsameeyey oo la go'doomiyey. 1938, Dow Chemical Co. ee Maraykanka waxay xaqiiqsatay wax soo saarka warshadaha ee methyl cellulose waxayna abuurtay calaamad caan ah "Methocel". Wax soo saarka warshadaha waaweyn ee hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ayaa ka bilaabmay Maraykanka 1948. Habka wax soo saarka ee HPMC waxa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood: habka wajiga gaaska iyo habka dareeraha. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, wadamada horumaray sida Yurub, Ameerika iyo Japan ayaa si aad ah u qaadanaya habka wajiga gaaska, wax soo saarka gudaha ee HPMC wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay habka wajiga dareeraha.

Zhang Shuangjian iyo kuwa kale oo la safeeyey budada suuf sida alaabta ceeriin, waxa alkalized la sodium hydroxide in falcelinta toluene dhexdhexaad ah iyo isopropanol, waxaa etherified la wakiilka etherifying propylene oxide iyo methyl chloride, falcelin iyo diyaariyey nooc ka mid ah degdeg ah hydroxypropyl methyl aalkolo base cellulose ether.

3. Muuqaalka

Cellulose waa walxo kimikal iyo kiimiko ah oo muhiim ah oo qani ku ah kheyraad, cagaar iyo deegaan u wanaagsan, lana cusboonaysiin karo. Astaamaha wax-ka-beddelka etherification cellulose waxay leeyihiin waxqabad aad u fiican, adeegsiyo ballaaran iyo saameyn isticmaalka wanaagsan, waxayna daboolaan baahida dhaqaalaha qaranka ilaa xad. Iyo baahiyaha horumarinta bulshada, iyadoo horumarka tignoolajiyada ee joogtada ah iyo xaqiijinta ganacsiga mustaqbalka, haddii alaabta ceeriin ee synthetic iyo hababka synthetic ee ka soo jeeda cellulose ay noqon karaan kuwo badan oo warshadaysan, waxay noqon doonaan kuwo si buuxda looga faa'iidaysto oo ay ogaadaan codsiyo ballaadhan oo ballaadhan. Qiimaha