Saamaynta Badelayaasha iyo Miisaanka Molecular ee Qalabka Dusha sare ee Nonionic Cellulose Ether

Marka loo eego aragtida impregnation ee Washburn (Aragtida Penetration) iyo Van Oss-Good-Chaudhury ee aragtida isku dhafka ah (Isku-dhafka Aragtida) iyo adeegsiga tignoolajiyada tiirarka tiirarka (Technique Column Wicking), dhowr ethers cellulose ah oo aan-ionic ahayn, sida methyl cellulose Qalabka dusha sare ee cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose iyo hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ayaa la tijaabiyay. Sababo la xiriira beddelka kala duwan, heerarka beddelka iyo miisaanka kelli ee ethers-ka cellulose-ka, tamartooda dusha sare iyo qaybahooda ayaa aad u kala duwan. Xogtu waxay muujinaysaa in saldhigga Lewis ee ether-ka cellulose-ka aan-ionic ka weyn yahay Lewis acid, iyo qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee tamarta xorta ah ee dusha sare waa xoogga Lifshitz-van der Waals. Tamarta dusha sare ee hydroxypropyl iyo ka kooban tahay ayaa ka weyn ta hydroxymethyl. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo beddelka isku midka ah iyo heerka beddelka, dusha sare ee tamarta bilaashka ah ee cellulose hydroxypropyl waxay u dhigantaa miisaanka kelli; halka tamarta xorta ah ee dusha sare ee hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ay la mid tahay heerka beddelka iyo ka soo horjeeda miisaanka kelli. Tijaabadu waxay sidoo kale ogaatay in tamarta dusha sare ee hydroxypropyl beddelka ah iyo hydroxypropylmethyl ee ether-ka aan-ionic cellulose ay u muuqato inay ka weyn tahay tamarta dusha sare ee cellulose, tijaabaduna waxay caddaynaysaa in tamarta dusha sare ee cellulose la tijaabiyey iyo ka kooban yahay Xogta ayaa ah. waafaqsan suugaanta.

Erayada muhiimka ah: ethers cellulose nonionic; beddelka iyo darajooyinka beddelka; miisaanka kelli; guryaha dusha sare; tignoolajiyada wick

Ether Cellulose waa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah derivatives cellulose, kaas oo loo qaybin karaa anionic, cationic iyo ethers nonionic sida ku qoran qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada ee beddelaadkooda eter. Cellulose ether sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah alaabada ugu horraysa ee cilmi-baarista lagu sameeyay oo lagu soo saaray kiimikada polymer. Ilaa hadda, ether-ka cellulose ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay daawada, nadaafadda, qurxinta iyo warshadaha cuntada.

Inkasta oo ethers cellulose, sida hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose iyo hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ayaa la soo saaray warshadaha iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah hantidooda ayaa la bartay, tamartooda dusha sare, guryaha acid Alkali-reactive ilaa hadda lama soo sheegin. Maaddaama inta badan alaabooyinkaas loo isticmaalo jawi dareere ah, iyo sifooyinka dusha sare, gaar ahaan sifooyinka falcelinta acid-saldhigga, waxay u badan tahay inay saameyn ku yeeshaan isticmaalkooda, waa lagama maarmaan in la barto oo la fahmo sifooyinka kiimikada dusha sare ee ether-ka ganacsiga cellulose.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo in shaybaarada unugyada cellulose ay aad u fududahay in la beddelo isbeddelka xaaladaha diyaarinta, warqadani waxay isticmaashaa alaabooyin ganacsi sida muunado si ay u muujiyaan tamarta korkooda, taas oo ku saleysan tan, saameynta beddelka iyo miisaanka molecular ee alaabta noocaas ah ee dusha sare. guryaha waa la bartaa.

1. Qaybta tijaabada ah

1.1 Qalabka ceeriin

Eter-ka cellulose-ka aan-ionic-ka ahayn ee loo isticmaalo tijaabada ayaa ah sheygaHal qayb oo ka mid ah KIMA CHEMICAL CO., LTD, Tijaabooyinku wax daawayn ah laguma samayn ka hor baadhitaanka.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo in unugyada cellulose ay ka samaysan yihiin cellulose, labada qaab-dhismeed ayaa u dhow, iyo sifooyinka dusha sare ee cellulose ayaa lagu soo warramey suugaanta, markaa warqadani waxay isticmaashaa cellulose sida muunada caadiga ah. Muunadda cellulose-ka ee la isticmaalay waxa loo bixiyay kood C8002 waxaana laga soo iibsadayKIMA, CN. Muunada wax daawayn ah laguma samaynin intii baadhistu socotay.

Reagen-yaasha loo isticmaalo tijaabada waa: ethane, diodomethane, biyo deionized, formamide, toluene, chloroform. Dhammaan dareerayaasha waxay ahaayeen kuwo si lafo-gur ah u saafi ah marka laga reebo biyaha ganacsi ahaan loo heli karo.

1.2 Habka tijaabada ah

Tijaabadan, farsamada tiirarka tiirarka ayaa la qaatay, iyo qayb (qiyaastii 10 cm) ee pipette caadiga ah ee dhexroorka gudaha ee 3 mm ayaa la jaray sida tuubada tiirka. Geli 200 mg oo muunad budo ah tuubada tiirka mar kasta, dabadeed rux si aad xataa uga dhigto oo si toosan ugu dheji gunta weelka dhalada dhexroorkeedu yahay 3 cm, si dareeraha si kedis ah loogu dhejiyo. Miisaanka 1 mL ee dareeraha si loo tijaabiyo oo ku rid weel dhalada ah, oo qor wakhtiga immersion t iyo fogaanta immersion X isku mar. Dhammaan tijaabooyinka waxaa lagu sameeyay heerkulka qolka (25±1°C). Xog kasta waa celceliska saddex tijaabo oo soo noqnoqda.

1.3 Xisaabinta xogta tijaabada ah

Saldhigga aragtida ee adeegsiga farsamada wicking tiirka si loo tijaabiyo tamarta dusha sare ee agabka budada waa isla'egta impregnation Washburn

1.3.1 Go'aaminta xididada waxtarka leh Reff ee muunada la qiyaasay

Markaad codsanayso caanaha immersion ee Washburn, shardiga lagu gaaro qoynta dhamaystiran waa cos=1. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in marka dareeraha la doorto in lagu dhex geliyo adag si loo gaaro xaalad buuxda oo qoyan, waxaan xisaabin karnaa radius Reff ee saamiga wax ku oolka leh ee muunadda la cabbiray iyadoo la tijaabinayo fogaanta immersion iyo waqtiga iyadoo loo eegayo kiis gaar ah oo ka mid ah qaaciddada immersion ee Washburn.

1.3.2 Xisaabinta xoogga Lifshitz-van der Waals ee muunadda la cabbiray

Marka loo eego xeerarka isku-darka ee van Oss-Chaudhury-Good, xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya falcelinta dareeraha iyo adkaha.

1.3.3 Xisaabinta xoogga saldhigga-Aashitada Lewis ee shaybaarrada la cabbiray

Guud ahaan, sifooyinka aashitada-saldhigga ee adkaha waxaa lagu qiyaasaa xogta lagu shubay biyo iyo formamide. Laakiin maqaalkan, waxaan ogaanay in aysan jirin wax dhib ah marka la isticmaalayo labadan dareeraha polar si loo cabbiro cellulose, laakiin tijaabada etherka cellulose, sababtoo ah dhererka immersion ee nidaamka xalalka polar ee biyaha / formamide ee ether cellulose waa mid aad u hooseeya. , taasoo ka dhigaysa duubista wakhtiga mid aad u adag. Sidaa darteed, nidaamka xalka toluene/chloroform ee uu soo bandhigay Chibowsk ayaa la doortay. Sida laga soo xigtay Chibowski, nidaamka xalinta polar toluene/chloroform sidoo kale waa ikhtiyaar. Sababtoo ah labadan dareere waxay leeyihiin aysidh gaar ah iyo alkalinity, tusaale ahaan, toluene ma laha asiidh Lewis, iyo chloroform ma laha Lewis alkalinity. Si loo helo xogta uu helay nidaamka xalka toluene/chloroform ee ugu dhow nidaamka xalinta polar ee lagu taliyey ee biyaha/formamide, waxaanu isticmaalnaa labadan nidaam dareere ah ee dareeraha ah si aanu isku mar u tijaabino cellulose, ka dibna hel isu-ballaadhinta ama isku-xirnaanta u dhiganta ka hor inta aan la codsan Xogta laga helay ether cellulose impregnating leh toluene/chloroform waxay ku dhowdahay gabagabada laga helay nidaamka biyaha/formamide. Maadaama ethers cellulose ay ka soo jeedaan cellulose oo ay jirto qaab dhismeed aad isku mid ah oo u dhexeeya labada, habkan qiyaasta ayaa laga yaabaa inuu sax yahay.

1.3.4 Xisaabinta wadarta tamarta dusha sare ee xorta ah

2. Natiijooyinka iyo doodaha

2.1 Heerka Cellulose

Maaddaama natiijooyinkayada imtixaannada ee muunadaha caadiga ah ee cellulose ay ogaadeen in xogtani ay si wanaagsan ula heshiiyaan kuwa lagu soo warramey suugaanta, waa macquul in la rumaysto in natiijooyinka baaritaanka ee ethers cellulose ay tahay in sidoo kale la tixgeliyo.

2.2 Natiijooyinka tijaabada iyo doodaha ether cellulose

Inta lagu jiro tijaabada cellulose ether, aad bay u adagtahay in la diiwaan geliyo masaafada immersion iyo waqtiga sababtoo ah joogitaanka aadka u hooseeya ee biyaha iyo formamide. Sidaa darteed, warqadani waxay doorataa nidaamka xalka toluene / chloroform si ay u noqoto xal kale, waxayna ku qiyaastay Lewis acidity of cellulose ether oo ku salaysan natiijooyinka baaritaanka biyaha / formamide iyo toluene / chloroform on cellulose iyo xiriirka saamiga ee ka dhexeeya labada hababka xalalka. iyo awoodda alkaline.

Qaadashada cellulose sida muunad caadiga ah, taxane ah sifooyinka acid-saldhigga ethers cellulose ayaa la bixiyaa. Maaddaama natiijada ether-ka cellulose-ka-soo-saarka ee toluene/chloroform si toos ah loo tijaabiyey, waa wax lagu qanci karo.

Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in nooca iyo miisaanka kelli ee beddelka ay saameeyaan sifooyinka acid-saldhigga ether cellulose, iyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya labada beddelka, hydroxypropyl iyo hydroxypropylmethyl, on sifooyinka acid-saldhigga ether cellulose iyo miisaanka kelli gebi ahaanba ka soo horjeeda. Laakiin waxay sidoo kale la xiriiri kartaa xaqiiqda ah in xildhibaanadu ay yihiin kuwo isku dhafan.

Maaddaama beddelka MO43 iyo K8913 ay kala duwan yihiin oo ay isku miisaan yihiin, tusaale ahaan, beddelka kan hore waa hydroxymethyl iyo beddelka kan dambe waa hydroxypropyl, laakiin miisaanka unugyada ee labadaba waa 100,000, sidaas awgeed waxay sidoo kale ka dhigan tahay in Mawduucyada isku midka ah ee miisaanka kellika ah Duruufaha jira, S+ iyo S- ee kooxda hydroxymethyl ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka yaraadaan kooxda hydroxypropyl. Laakiin heerka beddelka sidoo kale waa suurtagal, sababtoo ah heerka beddelka K8913 wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 3.00, halka MO43 uu yahay 1.90 oo keliya.

Tan iyo heerka beddelka iyo beddelka K8913 iyo K9113 waa isku mid laakiin kaliya miisaanka kelli waa ka duwan yahay, isbarbardhigga u dhexeeya labada muujinaysaa in S + of hydroxypropyl cellulose hoos u korodhka miisaanka kelli, laakiin S- kor u lid ku ah. .

Marka la soo koobo natiijooyinka baaritaanka tamarta dusha sare ee dhammaan ethers cellulose iyo qaybahooda, waxaa la arki karaa in haddii ay tahay cellulose ama cellulose ether, qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee tamarta korkooda waa xoogga Lifshitz-van der Waals, xisaabinta qiyaastii 98% ~ 99%. Waxaa intaa dheer, ciidamada Lifshitz-van der Waals ee kuwan ethers-ka nonionic cellulose (marka laga reebo MO43) ayaa sidoo kale inta badan ka weyn kuwa cellulose, taas oo muujinaysa in habka etherification ee cellulose sidoo kale waa hab lagu kordhiyo ciidamada Lifshitz-van der Waals. Kordhintaasina waxay keenaysaa in tamarta dusha sare ee ether cellulose ay ka weyn tahay tan cellulose. Dhacdadani waa mid aad u xiiso badan sababtoo ah ether-yada cellulose waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka surfactants. Laakiin xogtu waa mid xusid mudan, ma aha oo kaliya sababtoo ah xogta ku saabsan muunadda tixraaca ee lagu tijaabiyay tijaabadan ayaa ah mid aad u waafaqsan qiimaha lagu soo sheegay suugaanta, xogta ku saabsan muunada heerka tixraacu waa mid aad u waafaqsan qiimaha lagu soo sheegay suugaanta, Tusaale ahaan: dhammaan cellulose-kan SAB ee ether-ku aad ayuu uga yar yahay kan cellulose, taasna waxaa sabab u ah saldhigyadooda Lewis oo aad u weyn. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo beddelka isku midka ah iyo heerka beddelka, dusha sare ee tamarta bilaashka ah ee cellulose hydroxypropyl waxay u dhigantaa miisaanka kelli; halka tamarta xorta ah ee dusha sare ee hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ay la mid tahay heerka beddelka iyo ka soo horjeeda miisaanka kelli.

Intaa waxaa dheer, sababtoo ah ether-yada cellulose waxay leeyihiin SLW ka weyn cellulose, laakiin waxaan horeyba u ognahay in kala firdhiskoodu ka fiican yahay cellulose, sidaas darteed waxaa horudhac loo tixgelin karaa in qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee SLW ee ka kooban ethers nonionic cellulose ay tahay xoogga London.

3. Gabagabo

Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in nooca beddelka, heerka beddelka iyo miisaanka kelliyadu ay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin tamarta dusha sare iyo ka kooban eter cellulose aan-ionic ahayn. Saamayntani waxay u muuqataa inay leedahay joogtaynta soo socota:

(1) S+ ee ether cellulose-ka aan-ionic ahayn wuu ka yar yahay S-.

(2) Tamarta dusha sare ee etherka nonionic cellulose ether waxaa xukuma xoog Lifshitz-van der Waals.

(3) Miisaanka molecular iyo beddelayaashu waxay saameyn ku yeeshaan tamarta dusha sare ee ethers cellulose-ka aan-ionic, laakiin waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay nooca beddelka.

(4) Iyada oo la adeegsanayo beddelka isla beddelka iyo heerka beddelka, dusha sare ee tamarta xorta ah ee cellulose hydroxypropyl waxay la mid tahay miisaanka kelli; halka tamarta xorta ah ee dusha sare ee hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ay la mid tahay heerka beddelka iyo ka soo horjeeda miisaanka kelli.

(5) Habka etherification ee cellulose waa habka ay kordho xoogga Lifshitz-van der Waals, sidoo kale waa habka Lewis acidity hoos u dhaco iyo Lewis alkalinity kordhay.