01 Dhumuc leh
dhumuc weyn leh：Ka dib marka lagu kala diro ama lagu kala firdhiyo biyaha, waxay kordhin kartaa viscosity ee dareeraha waxayna ilaalin kartaa iskudarka polymer-ka ee nidaamka. Qaab dhismeedka molecular wuxuu ka kooban yahay kooxo badan oo hydrophilic, sida -0H, -NH2, -C00H, -COO, iwm. Dhumucyadu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan isqurxinta, oo leh dhumucdi, emulsifying, hakinta, xasilinta iyo hawlo kale.
02 Mabda'a waxqabadka Thicker
Maadaama kooxaha ka shaqeeya silsiladda polymer aysan guud ahaan keli ahayn, habka dhumucdiisu badanaa waa in hal dhumucdiisu leedahay dhowr habab dhumuc.
Silsilad dabaysha oo dhumucda： Ka dib markii polymerka la geliyo dareeraha, silsiladaha polymer ayaa la duuduubay oo midba midka kale ku dheggan yahay. Waqtigaan, viscosity ee xalka ayaa kordha. Ka dib markii laga takhaluso alkali ama amine organic, kharashka taban wuxuu leeyahay biyo xoog leh, taas oo ka dhigaysa silsiladda polymer si sahlan loo ballaariyo, taas oo lagu gaaro kororka viscosity. .
Dhumucdiisuna way isdhaafsan tahayIsku xirka covalent waa isku-xidhka xilliyeedka ee monomers bifunctional kaas oo ka falcelin kara laba silsiladood oo polymer ah, isku xidhka labada polymers, si weyn u beddelaya sifooyinka polymerka, oo leh awood cayriin gaar ah ka dib marka lagu milmo biyaha.
dhumucda ururka： Waa nooc ka mid ah polymer-ka biyaha ku milma ee hydrophobic, kaas oo leh astaamaha nooc ka mid ah surfactant. Feejignaanta polymer ee biyaha waxay kordhisaa xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya molecules, waxayna la falgalaan kooxda hydrophobic ee polymer ee joogitaanka surfactant, sidaas darteed samaynta dusha sare ee firfircoon ee Miceles Mixed ee wakiilka iyo kooxaha polymer hydrophobic, sidaas darteed kordhinta viscosity xalka.
03 Kala saarista dhumucyada
Marka loo eego milanka biyaha, waxa loo qaybin karaa: dhumucyada biyaha-milmi kara iyo dhumuc yar yar. Sida laga soo xigtay isha dhumucdiisuna waxa loo qaybin karaa: dhumuc dabiici ah, dhumuc synthetic. Sida ku cad codsiga, waxa loo qaybin karaa: dhumuc biyo-ku-salaysan, dhumuc saliid ku salaysan, dhumuc acidic, dhumuc alkaline.
| Kala soocidda | qaybta | magaca alaabta ceeriin |
| dhumucda biyaha milma | Dhuxusha Dabiiciga ah ee Dabiiciga ah | Hyaluronic Acid, Polyglutamic Acid, Xanthan xanjo, istaarij, Guar Gum, Agar, Sclerotinia xanjada, Sodium Alginate, Xabka Acacia, Burada Carrageen la jajabiyey, Gellan xanjo. |
| Dhumucdi-soo-saarka dabiiciga ah | Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Propylene Glycol Alginate, Hydroxyethyl Cellulose, Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch, Hydroxypropyl Starch Ether, Sodium Starch Phosphate, Acetyl Distarch Fosfate, Fosfate Fosfoorylated Fosfate, Hydroxylated Distarch Phosphate Phosphate | |
| Dhuxusha dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah | Carbopol, polyetylen glycol, alkolada polyvinyl | |
| dhumuc yar-yar | Dhumucda yar yar ee aan organic | Magnesium aluminium silicate, silica, bentonite |
| Dhumucda yar yar ee budada ah ee aan organic ahayn oo la beddelay | Silica qiiqa wax laga beddelay, steara ammonium chloride bentonite | |
| Dheecaan yar oo dabiici ah | microcrystalline cellulose |
04 Dhumucyada caadiga ah
1. Dhuxusha biyaha-dabiiciga ah
istaarijka：Jeelku waxa uu ku samaysan karaa biyo kulul, waxa lagu hydrolyzed by enzymes marka hore galay dextrin, ka dibna galay maltose, iyo ugu dambeyntii si buuxda hydrolyzed galay glucose. Qurxinta, waxa loo isticmaali karaa qayb ahaanbudo ceeriin ahwalxaha ku jira alaabada budada la isku qurxiyo iyo xabagta rouge. iyo dhumucyada.
xanthan xanjo：Waxay si fudud ugu milmi kartaa biyo qabow iyo biyo kulul, waxay leedahay caabbinta ion, waxayna leedahay caag-xumo. Viscosity-ka waa la dhimay laakiin waxaa lagu soo kaban karaa xiirid. Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii dhumuc ahaan waji-xidhka wajiga, nuxurka, tonerka iyo wakiilada kale ee biyaha. Maqaarku waxa uu dareemaa siman oo ka fogaada xawaashka. Ammonium preservatives ayaa la wada isticmaalaa.
Sclerotin：100% jel dabiiciga ah, xalka scleroglucan wuxuu leeyahay xasillooni gaar ah heerkulka sare, wuxuu leeyahay ku habboonaansho wanaagsan oo ku saabsan qiimaha pH ee ballaaran, wuxuuna leeyahay dulqaad weyn oo loogu talagalay electrolytes kala duwan ee xalka. Waxay leedahay heer sare oo pseudoplasticity, iyo viscosity ee xalku wax badan kama beddelo kor u kaca iyo hoos u dhaca heerkulka. Waxay leedahay saameyn qoyaan gaar ah iyo dareemo maqaarka oo wanaagsan, waxaana badanaa loo adeegsadaa waji-xidhka iyo nuxurka wejiga.
Xanjada：Waxay si buuxda ugu milmaysaa qabow iyo biyo kulul, laakiin kuma milmi karaan saliidaha, dufanka, hydrocarbons, ketones iyo esters. Waxaa lagu kala firdhi karaa biyo kulul ama qabow si ay u sameeyaan dareere viscous ah, viscosity of 1% xal aqueous waa 3 ~ 5Pa·s, iyo xal guud ahaan waa aan la nadiifin.
sodium alginate：Marka pH = 6-9, viscosity waa xasilloon, iyo alginic acid samayn kartaa roobab kolloid ah oo leh calcium ions, iyo alginic acid jel waxaa lagu soo dajin karaa deegaanka acidic.
carrageenan：Carrageenan waxay leedahay iska caabin wanaagsan oo ion ah oo aan u nuglayn hoos u dhaca enzymatic sida derivatives cellulose.
2. Dhumuc yar oo biyo-milmi leh oo-synthetic ah
Methylcellulose：MC, biyuhu waxay bararaan xal kolloidal ah oo cad ama xoogaa turbid ah. Si aad u milanto methylcellulose, marka hore ku kala firdhi qadar cayiman oo biyo ah marka ay ka hooseyso heerkulka jel, ka dibna ku dar biyo qabow.
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose：HPMC waa dhumuc aan ahayn ionic, kaas oo ku barara xal kolloidal ah oo cad ama waxoogaa turbid ah oo biyo qabow ah. Waxay leedahay saameyn wanaagsan oo kordhinta xumbo-kordhinta iyo xasilinta nidaamka dhaqidda dareeraha, waxay wanaajisaa joogteynta nidaamka, waxayna leedahay saameyn isku-dhafan leh qaboojiyeyaasha cationic, si wax ku ool ah u wanaajiso waxqabadka isku-dhafka qoyan, alkali wuxuu dedejin karaa heerka kala-baxa, wax yarna wuxuu kordhiyaa viscosity, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose waxay ku xasilan tahay cusbada guud, laakiin marka fiirsashada xalka milixdu sarreeyo, viscosity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose xalku wuxuu yarayn doonaa u janjeera inuu kordho.
Sodium karboxymethyl istaarijkaCMC-Na, marka heerka beddelka waa ka weyn yahay 0.5, si fudud u milmay biyaha si ay u sameeyaan kolloid hufan; CMC oo leh shahaado beddel ah oo ka hooseeya 0.5 waa mid aan lagu milmi karin biyaha, laakiin waxaa lagu milmi karaa xalka aqueous alkaline. CMC waxay inta badan u jirtaa qaabka isku-darka unugyada-molecular-ka badan ee biyaha, iyo viscosity-ka oo aad u sarreeya. Marka heerkulku kordho, viscosity-ku wuu yaraanayaa. Marka pH-ku yahay 5-9, viscosity ee xalku waa mid deggan; marka pH uu ka yar yahay 3, hydrolysis wuxuu dhacaa marka roobabku dhacaan; marka pH-ku uu ka weyn yahay 10, mawjadaha wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacaya. Viscosity ee xalka CMC ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigi doona ficilka bakteeriyada. Soo bandhigida ions calcium ee xalka aqueous CMC waxay keeni doontaa qallafsanaan, iyo ku darida ions bir ah oo sarreeya sida Fe3 + iyo Al3+ waxay keeni kartaa CMC inay soo darto ama sameyso jel. Guud ahaan, koollada ayaa xoogaa qallafsan.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose：HEC, dhumuc weyn, wakiilka hakinta. Waxay ku siin kartaa rheology wanaagsan, filim samaynta iyo guryaha qoyaanka. Degenaansho sare, dareemo maqaarka oo dhegdheg leh, caabbinta ion aad u wanaagsan, waxaa guud ahaan lagu talinayaa in lagu kala firdhiyo biyo qabow ka dibna kuleyl oo walaaq si ay si isku mid ah u milaan.
PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate：Waxa si gaar ah loo isticmaalaa sidii dhumuc ahaan shaambada, jelka qubeyska, nadiifiyaha wejiga, nadiifiyaha gacmaha, alaabta lagu dhaqo carruurta, iyo shaambada aan jeexin. Waxay waxtar badan u leedahay qaar ka mid ah surfactants kuwaas oo ay adag tahay inay dhumucdoodu sii korodho, iyo PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate ma aha mid indhaha ka cadhaysiinaya. Waxay ku habboon tahay shaambada dhallaanka iyo alaabta nadiifinta. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa shaambada, nadiifiyeyaasha wejiga, AOS, cusbada sodium AES, cusbada sulfosuccinate iyo amphoteric surfactants ee loo isticmaalo jel-ka qubeyska waxay leeyihiin saameyn isku dhafan iyo dhumuc wanaagsan,
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-06-2023