Tilmaamaha, diyaarinta iyo codsiga ether cellulose ee warshadaha

Noocyada, hababka diyaarinta, guryaha iyo sifooyinka ether-ka cellulose ayaa dib loo eegay, iyo sidoo kale codsiyada etherka cellulose ee batroolka, dhismaha, waraaqaha, dharka, daawada, cuntada, qalabka korontada iyo warshadaha kiimikada maalinlaha ah. Qaar ka mid ah noocyo cusub oo ah derivatives ether cellulose ah oo leh rajooyin horumarineed ayaa la soo bandhigay waxaana la soo bandhigay rajooyinkooda codsi.

Erayada muhiimka ah:ether cellulose; Waxqabadka; Codsiga; Asal ahaan cellulose

Cellulose waa nooc ka mid ah isku-dhafka polymer-ka dabiiciga ah. Qaab dhismeedka kiimikada waa macromolecule polysaccharide ah oo leh anhydrous β-glucose sida giraanta saldhigga, oo leh hal koox hydroxyl aasaasiga ah iyo laba kooxood oo hydroxyl sare ah giraan kasta oo saldhig ah. Beddelka kiimikaad, taxane ah oo ka soo jeeda cellulose ayaa la heli karaa, ether cellulose waa mid ka mid ah. Eter cellulose waxaa lagu helaa falcelinta cellulose iyo NaOH, ka dibna ku etherize leh monomers kala duwan oo shaqeynaya sida methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, iwm. Cellulose ether waa soosaar muhiim ah oo ka mid ah cellulose, waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaali karaa daawada iyo caafimaadka, kiimikooyinka maalinlaha ah, warqad, cunto, daawo, dhismaha, qalabka iyo warshadaha kale. Sidaa darteed, horumarinta iyo ka faa'iidaysiga ether cellulose ayaa muhiimad wanaagsan u leh ka faa'iidaysiga dhamaystiran ee khayraadka noole la cusboonaysiin karo, horumarinta alaabta cusub iyo teknoolajiyada cusub.

1. Kala-soocidda iyo diyaarinta ether cellulose

Kala soocida ethers-ka cellulose waxaa guud ahaan loo qaybiyaa afar qaybood iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinkooda ionic.

1.1 Nonionic cellulose ether

Ether-ka cellulose-ka aan-ionic inta badan waa cellulose alkyl ether, habka diyaarinta waa cellulose iyo falcelinta NaOH, ka dibna leh noocyo kala duwan oo ah monomers functional sida methane chloride, ethylene oxide, falcelinta etherification propylene oxide, ka dibna lagu dhaqo by-product. cusbo iyo cellulose sodium si aad u hesho. Ether methyl cellulose ugu weyn, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl cellulose ether, hydroxybutyl cellulose ether. Codsigiisu aad buu u ballaaran yahay.

1.2 Anionic cellulose ether

Anionic cellulose ether waa inta badan karboxymethyl cellulose sodium, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sodium. Habka diyaarinta waa by falcelinta cellulose iyo NaOH, ka dibna etherify la monochloroacetic acid ama ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, ka dibna dhaq milix iyo cellulose soodhiyam by-product si aad u hesho.

1.3 cationic cellulose ether

Cationic cellulose eter inta badan waa 3 - koloriin - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cellulose eter. Habka diyaarinta waa fal-celinta cellulose iyo NaOH, ka dibna wakiilka cationic etherifying 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ama ethylene oxide, propylene oxide oo ay weheliso falcelinta etherifying, ka dibna by dhaqidda milix iyo sodium. cellulose si aad u hesho.

1.4 Eter-ka cellulose ee Zwitterionic

Zwitterionic cellulose ether waxay leedahay labada anionic iyo kooxaha cationic ee silsiladda molecular, habka diyaarinta waa by cellulose iyo falcelinta NaOH, ka dibna la chloroacetic acid iyo wakiilka cationic etherifying 3 - chlorine - 2 hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride etherification falcelinta, ka dibna la dhaqo. by-product cusbo iyo cellulose sodium oo la helay.

2. sifooyinka iyo sifooyinka ether cellulose

2.1 Astaamaha Muuqda

Eter cellulose guud ahaan waa caddaan ama caano cad, aan dhadhamin, aan sun ahayn, oo leh dareere budada dhogorta leh, si sahlan loo nuugo qoyaanka, ku milmay biyaha galay kolloid deggan oo hufan.

2.2 Samaynta filimada iyo ku dhegganaanshaha

Etherification ee ether cellulose ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh hantideeda, sida milanka, kartida sameynta filimka, xoogga curaarta iyo dulqaadka milixda. Ether Cellulose waxay leedahay awood farsamo oo sarreeya, dabacsanaan, caabbinta kulaylka iyo caabbinta qabow, waxayna leedahay iswaafajin wanaagsan oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo resins iyo balaastik ah, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro caagadaha, filimada, varnishes, xabagta, cinjirka iyo alaabta daahan ee daawada.

2.3 Solubility

Methyl cellulose waxay ku milmi kartaa biyo qabow, oo aan lagu milmin biyaha kulul, laakiin sidoo kale ku milma qaar ka mid ah dareerayaasha organic; Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose waxay ku milmi kartaa biyo qabow, oo aan lagu milmin biyaha kulul iyo dareerayaasha organic. Laakin marka la kululeeyo xalalka biyaha leh ee methyl cellulose iyo methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose iyo methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ayaa soo dedejin doona. Methyl cellulose wuxuu soo da'ay 45 ~ 60 ℃, halka etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose la isku daray uu soo da'ay 65 ~ 80 ℃. Marka heerkulku hoos u dhaco, da'da ayaa dib u milmaan.

Sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose iyo karboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose waxay ku milmi karaan biyaha heerkul kasta, laakiin aan lagu milmin dareerayaasha organic (marka laga reebo dhawr).

2.4 Dhumucda

Eter cellulose waxaa lagu milmaa biyaha qaab kolloidal ah, iyo viscosity ay ku xiran tahay heerka polymerization ether cellulose. Xalka waxaa ku jira macromolecules ee fuuq-baxa. Sababtoo ah isku-xidhka makromolecules, habdhaqanka qulqulka ee xalku wuu ka duwan yahay dareeraha Newtonian, laakiin wuxuu muujiyaa dabeecad ku kala duwan isbeddelka xoogagga dhogorta. Sababtoo ah qaab-dhismeedka macromolecular ee ether cellulose, viscosity ee xalku si degdeg ah ayuu u kordhiyaa iyadoo la kordhinayo xoojinta oo si degdeg ah hoos ugu dhaco heerkulka sii kordhaya.

2.5 Xumaan

Eter cellulose waxaa loo isticmaalaa marxaladda aqueous. Ilaa inta ay biyuhu jiraan, bakteeriyadu way bixi doontaa. Koritaanka bakteeriyada waxay keentaa soo saarista bakteeriyada enzyme. Bakteeriyada ensaymku waxay samaysay unugga gulukooska fuuqbaxay ee aan la beddelin ee ku dheggan jebinta etherka cellulose iyo miisaanka molecular ee polymer ayaa hoos u dhacay. Sidaa darteed, haddii xal biyo ah oo ether cellulose ah la doonayo in la ilaaliyo muddo dheer, waa in lagu daraa ilaalinta, xitaa haddii bakteeriyada cellulose ether loo isticmaalo.

3. Codsiga ether-ka cellulose ee warshadaha

3.1 Warshadaha Shidaalka

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa ka faa'iidaysiga batroolka. Waxa loo isticmaalaa samaynta dhoobada si loo kordhiyo viscosity iyo in la yareeyo khasaaraha biyaha. Waxay iska caabin kartaa wasakhowga milixda ee kala duwan waxayna hagaajin kartaa heerka soo kabashada saliidda.

Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose iyo sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose waa nooc ka mid ah si fiican u qodid wakiilka daawaynta dhoobada iyo diyaarinta ah dhamaystirka alaabta dareeraha, heerka pulping sare, caabin milix, caabbinta calcium, awoodda viscosification wanaagsan, iska caabin heerkulka (160 ℃). Ku habboon diyaarinta biyaha cusub, biyaha badda iyo dareeraha qodista biyaha cusbada leh, miisaanka kalsiyum chloride waxaa lagu qasi karaa cufnaanta kala duwan (103 ~ 1279 / cm3) dareeraha qodista, oo ka dhigaya inuu leeyahay viscosity gaar ah iyo sifeynta hoose awoodda, ay viscosity iyo awoodda sifeynta ayaa ka wanaagsan hydroxyethyl cellulose, waa wax soo saarka saliid wanaagsan lagu daro. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in geeddi-socodka dhiig-miirashada batroolka of cellulose, in dheecaan qodista, dareeraha sibidhka, dareere jabay iyo hagaajinta wax soo saarka saliidda waxaa loo isticmaalaa, gaar ahaan in isticmaalka dareeraha qodista waa ka weyn yahay, qaadashada ugu weyn iyo shaandhaynta degtey iyo viscosification.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose waxaa loo isticmaalaa habka qodista, dhamaystirka iyo sibidhka sida xasilinta dhumucda dhoobada. Sababtoo ah hydroxyethyl cellulose iyo sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, xanjo guar marka la barbar dhigo saamaynta dhumuc wanaagsan, ciid ganaax, content cusbada sare, caabbinta kulaylka wanaagsan, iyo caabbinta yar yar, khasaaro dareere yar, block jabay caag, sifooyinka haraaga hoose, ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalo.

3.2 Warshadaha dhismaha iyo dahaarka

Dhismaha dhismaha iyo malaasta hoobiyeyaasha isku-darka: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wakiilka dib u dhigista, wakiilka biyaha, dhumucda iyo xidhaha, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida hoose ee gypsum iyo shabidhka hoose ee shamiitada, hoobiye iyo dhulka siman kala firdhiso, wakiilka biyaha haynta, dhumucdiisuna. Waa nooc ka mid ah masonry gaar ah iyo admixture hoobiye ah oo loogu talagalay blocks shubka hawosan ee ka samaysan karboxymethyl cellulose, taas oo hagaajin karta shaqada, haynta biyaha iyo caabbinta dildilaaca hoobiye iyo fogaado dillaaca iyo godan derbiga block.

Qalabka qurxinta dusha sare ee dhismaha: Cao Mingqian iyo methyl cellulose kale oo ka samaysan nooc ka mid ah ilaalinta deegaanka ee dhismaha qalabka qurxinta dusha sare, habka wax soo saarku waa mid sahlan, nadiif ah, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa darbiga heerka sare ah, dusha sare ee dhagaxa, sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa tiirka , Qurxinta dusha kiniinka. Huang Jianping oo ka samaysan karboxymethyl cellulose waa nooc ka mid ah dhoobada dhoobada dhoobada ah, kaas oo leh awood isku xiran oo xoog leh, awood u yeelasho wanaagsan, ma soo saaro dildilaaca oo dhacaya, saameyn wanaagsan oo biyuhu ah, midab dhalaalaya oo midab leh, oo leh saameyn qurxin heer sare ah.

Codsiga dahaarka: Methyl cellulose iyo hydroxyethyl cellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida xasilinta, dhumuc weyn iyo wakiilka biyaha ee daahan cinjirowga, marka lagu daro, waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa sida kala firdhiso, viscosifier iyo filim samaynta wakiilka ee daahan sibidhka midabka. Ku darista ether-ka cellulose oo leh tilmaamo ku habboon iyo viscosity rinjiga cinjirka waxay wanaajin kartaa waxqabadka dhismaha rinjiga cinjirka, ka hortagga bararka, hagaajinta xasilloonida kaydinta iyo awoodda daboolida. Macaamilka ugu weyn ee dibedda waa dahaarka cinjirka, sidaas darteed, alaabada ether-ka cellulose waxay inta badan noqdaan doorashada koowaad ee dhumucda rinjiga cinjirka. Tusaale ahaan, ether-ka methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether ee la beddelay wuxuu ku hayn karaa booska hogaaminaya dhumucda rinjiga cinjirka sababtoo ah sifooyinka wanaagsan ee dhamaystiran. Tusaale ahaan, sababtoo ah ether cellulose waxay leedahay sifooyin jel kuleyl gaar ah iyo milanka, caabbinta milixda, kulaylka iska caabinta, oo leh hawlo dusha sare ah oo ku habboon, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wakiilka biyaha haynta, wakiilka ganaaxa, emulsifier, wakiilka samaynta filimka, saliidda, binder iyo rheological wax ka beddelka .

3.3 Warshadaha waraaqaha

Waxyaalaha lagu daro warqadda qoyan: CMC waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida fibiyaha fiber-ka ah iyo kor u qaadida warqadda, waxaa lagu dari karaa saxarka, sababtoo ah sodium carboxymethyl cellulose iyo saxarka iyo walxaha baakadaha ayaa leh lacag isku mid ah, waxay kordhin kartaa sinnaanta fiber-ka, hagaajinta xoogga warqad. Sida xoojiye lagu daro gudaha warqadda, waxay kordhisaa iskaashiga ka dhexeeya fiilooyinka, waxayna hagaajin kartaa xoogga xajinta, jebinta caabbinta, xitaa waraaqaha iyo tusmooyinka kale ee jirka. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiilka cabbirka saxarka. Marka lagu daro shahaadadeeda cabbirka, waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiilka ilaalinta ee rosin, AKD iyo wakiilada cabbirka kale. Cationic cellulose ether ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa sida shaandhaynta gargaarka xajinta warqadda, hagaajinta heerka haynta ee fiber-ka wanaagsan iyo buuxinta, sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa xoojinta waraaqaha.

Xabagta dahaarka: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa dahaadhidda xabagta daahan warqadda, waxay beddeli kartaa farmaajo, qayb ka mid ah cinjirka, si ay khad daabacadu u fududahay in la dhex geliyo, cidhif cad. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa sida kala firdhiyaha midabka, viscosifier iyo xasiliye.

Wakiilka cabbirka dusha sare: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wakiilka cabbirka dusha warqad, hagaajinta xoogga dusha sare ee warqadda, marka la barbar dhigo isticmaalka hadda ee khamriga polyvinyl, istaarijka la beddelay ka dib awoodda dusha sare waxaa lagu kordhin karaa qiyaastii 10%, qiyaasta ayaa la dhimay. ilaa 30% Waa wakiilka cabbirka dusha sare ee ballanqaadka ah ee samaynta waraaqaha, iyo taxaneheeda noocyo cusub waa in si firfircoon loo horumariyaa. Cationic cellulose ether waxay leedahay waxqabadka cabbirka dusha sare marka loo eego istaarijka cationic, ma aha oo kaliya hagaajinta awoodda dusha sare ee warqadda, laakiin sidoo kale waxay hagaajin kartaa nuugista khad ee warqadda, waxay kordhisaa saamaynta midabaynta, sidoo kale waa wakiilka cabbirka dusha sare.

3.4 Warshadaha Dharka

Warshadaha dharka, ether-ka cellulose waxa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiilka cabbiraadda, wakiilka simay iyo wakiilka dhumucda saxarka dunta.

Wakiilka cabbirka: ether cellulose sida sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether iyo noocyo kale ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wakiilka size, oo ma fududa in ay xumaadaan iyo caaryada, daabacaadda iyo dheehidda, iyada oo aan desizing, kor u dheeha heli kartaa lebis. kolloid ee biyaha.

Wakiilka heerka: waxay kor u qaadi kartaa awoodda hydrophilic iyo osmotic ee dheeha, sababtoo ah isbeddelka viscosity waa mid yar, si sahlan loo hagaajin karo farqiga midabka; Cationic cellulose ether sidoo kale waxay leedahay midabaynta iyo midabaynta.

Wakiilka dhumucdiisuna: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl karboxymethyl cellulose ether loo isticmaali karaa sida daabacaadda iyo rinjiyeynta wakiilka dhumucdiisuna, oo leh hadhaaga yar, sifooyinka heerka midabka sare, waa fasalka ka mid ah wax lagu daro dhar aad u macquul ah.

3.5 Warshadaha Kiimikada Qoyska

Viscosifier deggan: Sodium methylcellulose ee budada adag ee alaabta koollada ceeriin waxay ka ciyaaraan xasilloonida hakinta kala firidhsan, ee dareeraha ama emulsion isku qurxiyo dhumucdiisuna, kala firdhiso, homogenizing iyo door kale. Waxa loo isticmaali karaa sidii xasiliye iyo viskosifier.

Emulsifying stabilizer: samee boomaato, emulsifier shaambada, wakiilka dhumucda iyo xasiliyaha. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida stabilizer ah xabagta cadayga, oo leh sifooyin thixotropic wanaagsan, si ay dawada cadayga u leedahay qaab wanaagsan, qallafsanaanta muddada-dheer, lebis iyo dhadhan jilicsan. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose caabbinta cusbada, caabbinta acid waa ka sarreeyaa, saamaynta waa ka fog ka wanaagsan yahay karboxymethyl cellulose, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida saabuunta ee viscosifier, wakiilka ka hortagga lifaaqa wasakh ah.

Dhumucduna kala firdhiso: Soo saarista saabuunta, isticmaalka guud ee sodium karboxymethyl cellulose sida saabuunta wasakhda ah ee kala firdhisa, saabuun dareere ah iyo kala firdhisa.

3.6 Warshadaha dawooyinka iyo cuntada

In warshadaha dawooyinka, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida excipients daroogada, si ballaaran loo isticmaalo in qalfoof daroogada afka la xakameeyey sii daayo iyo diyaarinta sii daayo joogto ah, sida wax xannibaya sii daayo si ay u nidaamiyaan sii daayo daroogada, sida daahan wax sii daayo sii daayo, pellets sii daayo joogtada ah. , kaabsoosha la sii daayo joogtada ah. Inta badan la isticmaalo waa methyl carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, sida MC waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa soo saaridda kaniiniyada iyo kaabsoosha, ama kaniiniyada dahaarka leh sonkorta.

Heerka tayada ether-ka cellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa warshadaha cuntada, noocyo kala duwan oo cunto ah waa wakiilka dhumuc wax ku ool ah, emulsifier, stabilizer, excipient, wakiilka biyaha haynta iyo wakiilka xumbo farsamada. Methyl cellulose iyo hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin walxaha aan waxyeello lahayn ee dheef-shiid kiimikaadka. Nadiif sarre leh (99.5% ama ka badan daahir) Carboxymethyl cellulose waxaa lagu dari karaa cuntooyinka, sida caanaha iyo waxyaabaha labeenta, xashiishyada, macaanka, jelly, gasacadaha, sharoobada miiska iyo cabitaanada. Nadiifnimada in ka badan 90% carboxymethyl cellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in dhinacyada cuntada la xiriira, sida codsatay in gaadiidka iyo kaydinta miro cusub, duub caag ah ayaa saamayn ilaalinta wanaagsan, wasakh yar, ma dhaawac, fudud si ay u faa'iidooyinka wax soo saarka mechanized.

3.7 Qalabka shaqada indhaha iyo korantada

Xakamaynta dhumucda korantada: sababtoo ah nadiifnimada sare ee ether cellulose, caabbinta acid wanaagsan, caabbinta milixda, gaar ahaan birta iyo birta culus ayaa hooseysa, sidaas darteed kolloidku waa mid aad u deggan, oo ku habboon batari alkaline, zinc manganese batari elektrolyt ah xasilinta.

Qalabka crystal-ka dareeraha ah: Tan iyo 1976, daahfurka ugu horreeya ee hydroxypropyl cellulose - nidaamka biyaha crystal dareere weydiin wajiga, ayaa laga helay xal organic ku haboon, derisyo cellulose badan oo fiirsashada sare samayn kartaa xal anisotropic, tusaale ahaan, hydroxypropyl cellulose iyo acetate, propionate. , benzoate, phthalate, acetyxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, iwm Intaa waxaa dheer in la sameeyo kolloidal ionic xal dareere crystal, esters qaar ka mid ah cellulose hydroxypropyl sidoo kale muujiyaan hantida this.

Qaar badan oo ethers cellulose ah ayaa muujinaya sifooyinka crystal dareere heerkulbeegga. Acetyl hydroxypropyl cellulose waxay samaysay dareeraha kolestaroolka thermogenic ee ka hooseeya 164 ℃. Acetoacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, trifluoroacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose iyo derivatives, ethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, trimethylsiliccellulose iyo butyldimethylsiliccellulose, heptyl cellulose iyo butoxylethyl cellulose, acetyl cellulose iyo butoxylethyl cellulose. Qaar ka mid ah esters cellulose sida cellulose benzoate, p-methoxybenzoate iyo p-methylbenzoate, cellulose heptanate samayn kartaa crystals dareere ah kolestaroolka thermogenic.

Qalabka dahaarka korantada: wakiilka etherifying cyanoethyl cellulose ee acrylonitrile, dielectric joogto ah oo joogto ah, khasaaraha yar yar, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida fosfooraska iyo nalalka electroluminescent resin matrix iyo dahaarka transformer.

4. Hadalka xidhitaanka

Isticmaalka wax ka beddelka kiimikada si aad u hesho derivatives cellulose oo leh hawlo gaar ah waa hab wax ku ool ah oo lagu helo isticmaalka cusub ee cellulose, arrinta dabiiciga ah ee ugu weyn adduunka. Sida mid ka mid ah derivatives cellulose, ether cellulose sida physiological dhib la'aan, wasakh la'aanta ah ee biyaha milmi kara alaabta polymer sababtoo ah sifooyinka wanaagsan ee ay leedahay, ayaa loo adeegsaday warshado badan, oo waxay yeelan doontaa rajo ballaaran oo horumarineed.