Natural cellulose ipolymer yakaoma inova ndiyo yakakosha chimiro chechirimwa masero madziro. Iyi polysaccharide inoita basa rakakosha mukupa simba, kuomarara uye tsigiro kumaseru ekudyara, ichipa kune iyo yakazara chimiro chechirimwa chimiro.
Natural cellulose ipolysaccharide, kabhohaidhireti inoumbwa nemaketani marefu eglucose mayuniti akabatanidzwa pamwechete ne β-1,4-glycosidic bond. Ndiyo imwe yeakawanda kwazvo organic komisheni paPasi uye inowanikwa zvakanyanya musero madziro emiti. Iyo yakasarudzika kurongeka kwemamorekuru ecellulose inopa muti wechirimwa simba rinoshamisa uye kusimba, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha chechirimwa chimiro uye basa.
Chimiro chezvakasikwa cellulose
Iyo yakakosha structural unit ye cellulose iketani ine mutsara ye β-D-glucose mamorekuru, umo yega yega glucose unit yakabatana kune inotevera glucose unit ne β-1,4-glycosidic bond. β-zvisungo zvinopa cellulose yakasarudzika mutsara uye isina branch chimiro. Kusiyana nesitashi (imwe polysaccharide yakagadzirwa neglucose), cellulose haigoni kugayiwa nezvisikwa zvakawanda nekuda kwekuvapo kwe beta-linkages, iyo enzymes yakadai seamylase haigoni kuputsa.
Kudzokorora mayunitsi eglucose mumaketani e cellulose anoumba cheni refu dzakatwasuka dzinobatwa pamwechete neintermolecular hydrogen bond. Aya mabhondi anobatsira pakuumbwa kwemamicrofibrils, ayo anowedzera kuungana kuita zvimiro zvakakura zvinonzi cellulose fibers. Kurongeka kwemafibhi aya kunopa simba uye kusimba kusima madziro emasero.
Kwakabva faibha yechisikigo
chirimwa:
Huni: Wood yakapfuma mu cellulose uye inzvimbo huru yekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri.
Cotton: Cotton fiber inenge yakachena cellulose, zvichiita kuti donje ive imwe yeanonyanya kukosha masosi epolymer iyi.
Hemp: Zvakafanana nekotoni, hemp fiber inonyanya kuumbwa ne cellulose.
Algae:
Mamwe marudzi ealgae ane cellulose mumasero avo emadziro, ayo anobatsira pakuumbwa kwechimiro cheizvi photosynthetic zvipenyu.
utachiona:
Mamwe mabhakitiriya anogadzira cellulose, achigadzira danda rekudzivirira rinonzi biofilm. Iyi bhakitiriya cellulose ine yakasarudzika zvimiro inoita kuti ive yakakosha mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa.
Biosynthesis ye cellulose
Cellulose biosynthesis inoitika zvakanyanya muplasma membrane yemasero ezvirimwa. Maitiro acho anosanganisira iyo enzyme yakaoma cellulose synthase, iyo inokonzeresa iyo polymerization yeglucose mayunitsi mumaketani e cellulose. Aya maketani anoburitswa kunze kweplasma membrane uye anoumba microfibrils mumadziro emadziro.
Properties of natural cellulose
Insolubility:
Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chekristaro chakanyanya, cellulose inowanzosanyungudika mumvura uye yakawanda organic solvents.
Hydrophilicity:
Kunyangwe isinganyungudika, cellulose ine hydrophilic properties, ichiibvumira kutora uye kuchengetedza mvura.
Biodegradability:
Cellulose ine biodegradable uye saka ine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza. Microorganisms dzakadai sebhakitiriya uye fungi dzine ma enzymes anoputsa cellulose kuita makomisheni akareruka.
Mechanical simba:
Iyo yakasarudzika kurongeka kwemamorekuru e cellulose inopa cellulose faibha simba rakanakisa remuchina, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akasiyana maapplication.
Kushandiswa kwechisikigo cellulose
textile:
Donje rinonyanya kuumbwa ne cellulose uye ndiro raw material yeindasitiri yemachira.
Pepa uye pulp:
Wood pulp yakapfuma mu cellulose uye inoshandiswa mukugadzira mapepa nemakadhibhodi.
Biomedical applications:
Bacterial cellulose inowana mashandisirwo mukupfeka maronda, engineering yetishu, uye kuendesa zvinodhaka nekuda kweiyo biocompatibility uye yakasarudzika zvimiro.
indasitiri yezvekudya:
Cellulose derivatives, senge carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), inoshandiswa muindasitiri yechikafu seyakakora uye inosimbisa.
Biofuels:
Cellulosic biomass inogona kushandiswa sechikafu chekugadzira biofuels, ichipa kune yakasimba simba.
Matambudziko uye tarisiro yeramangwana
Pasinei nekusiyana-siyana kwayo, kune matambudziko mukuwedzera kushandiswa kwe cellulose. Nzira dzakasimba dzekuchera, yakagadziridzwa biodegradability uye kukwidziridzwa kuita kweselulosi-yakavakirwa zvinhu inzvimbo dzekutsvagisa kunoenderera. Uyezve, kufambira mberi mubiotechnology kunogona kugonesa huinjiniya hwezvirimwa zvine akagadziridzwa cellulose zvimiro zveakananga maindasitiri ekushandisa.
Natural cellulose ipolymer yakafanana nechirimwa masero madziro uye inoita basa rakakosha mukuumba chimiro chezvirimwa. Chimiro chayo chakasiyana chinobva pakurongeka kwemayuniti eglucose akabatanidzwa ne β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, ichipa matishu ezvirimwa simba rakakosha uye kusimba. Cellulose inobva kwakasiyana-siyana, kubva pahuni kusvika pakotoni kusvika kubhakitiriya cellulose, ichipa kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri.
Sezvo tekinoroji uye biotechnology zvichiramba zvichifambira mberi, kuongororwa kwekugona kwe cellulose kuri kuwedzera. Kubva pakushandiswa kwechinyakare mumachira uye bepa kune hunyanzvi hwekushandisa mu biomedical engineering uye simba rinoenderera, yakasikwa cellulose inoramba iri chinhu chakakosha zvakanyanya. Kunzwisisa chimiro chayo, zvivakwa uye mabviro kwakakosha kuvhura kugona kwakazara kweiyi inoshamisa polymer kugadzirisa matambudziko uye zvinodiwa nenyika inokurumidza kubuda.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-26-2023