Yakagadzirirwa-yakasanganiswa dhaka yakakamurwa kuita dhaka rakanyorova-musanganiswa uye yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka zvinoenderana nenzira yekugadzira. Musanganiswa wakanyorova wakasanganiswa nemvura unonzi wet-mixed mortar, uye musanganiswa wakaoma wakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaoma unonzi dry-mixed mortar. Kune zvakawanda zvakasvibiswa zvakabatanidzwa mune yakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa dhaka. Pamusoro pezvinhu zvesimende, zvakaunganidzwa, uye mamineral admixtures, musanganiswa unofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti uvandudze mapurasitiki ayo, kuchengetedza mvura, uye kuenderana. Kune marudzi akawanda ezvisanganiswa zvedhaka rakagadzirwa, iro rinogona kugoverwa kuva cellulose ether, starch ether, redispersible latex powder, bentonite, nezvimwewo kubva kumakemikari; inogona kukamurwa kuita air-entraining agent, stabilizer, anti-cracking fiber, Retarder, accelerator, water reducer, dispersant, etc. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa kweakawanda anowanzoshandiswa admixtures mudhaka yakasanganiswa.
1 Yakajairwa musanganiswa wedhaka rakagadzirwa rakagadzirwa
1.1 Air-entraining agent
Iyo air-entraining agent is an active agent, uye marudzi akajairika anosanganisira rosin resins, alkyl uye alkyl inonhuwira hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, etc. Kune hydrophilic mapoka uye hydrophobic mapoka mumhepo-entraining agent molecule. Kana iyo air-entraining agent inowedzerwa kune dhaka, iyo hydrophilic boka remhepo-entraining agent molecule inoshongedzwa nesamende zvimedu, nepo boka rehydrophobic rakabatana nediki mabhuru emhepo. Uye yakaenzana yakagovaniswa mudhaka, kuitira kuti inonoke iyo yekutanga hydration process ye simenti, kuvandudza kuchengetedza kwemvura kuita kwedhaka, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekuenderana, uye panguva imwe chete, madiki emhepo mabhuru anogona kuita basa rekuzora. kuvandudza kupomba uye kupfapfaidza kwedhaka.
Iyo mhepo-inopinza mumiriri inopinza nhamba yakakura yemabhuru madiki mudhaka, iyo inovandudza kushanda kwedhaka, inoderedza kushorwa panguva yekupomba nekupfapfaidza, uye inoderedza kuvharika kwechiitiko; kuwedzererwa kwemhepo-inopinza mumiriri kunoderedza kusimba kwechisungo chedhaka Kushanda, sezvo huwandu hwehutu hunowedzera, kurasikirwa kwesimba rekuita kwesimba rinowedzera; iyo air-entraining agent inovandudza maratidziro ekuita senge dhaka kuenderana, 2h kusawirirana kurasikirwa mwero uye chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura, uye inovandudza kupfapfaidza uye kupomba kuita kwemakanika yekupfapfaidza dhaka, Ukuwo, kunokonzera kurasikirwa kwevhu rekumanikidza uye chisungo. simba.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti pasina kutarisisa mhedzisiro ye cellulose ether, kuwedzera kweiyo air-entraining agent yemukati inogona kunyatso kudzikisa kunyorova kwedhaka rakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa, mhepo yemukati uye kuenderana kwedhaka kuchawedzerwa zvakanyanya, uye chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura uye. simba rekumanikidza richaderera; Tsvagiridzo pamusoro peiyo performance index shanduko yedhaka yakasanganiswa ne cellulose ether uye air-entraining agent yakawana kuti mushure mekusanganisa air-entraining agent uye cellulose ether, kuchinjika kwezviviri kunofanirwa kutariswa. Cellulose ether inogona kuita kuti mamwe maajenti anopinza mhepo akundikane, nokudaro zvichiita kuti dhaka rekuchengetedza mvura riderere.
Kusanganiswa kumwe chete kwemhepo-entraining agent, shrinkage inodzikisa mumiriri uye musanganiswa wezvose zvine zvimwe zvinopesvedzera pazvinhu zvedhaka. Kuwedzerwa kwemhepo-entraining agent inogona kuwedzera shrinkage rate yedhaka, uye kuwedzerwa kwe shrinkage kuderedza agent kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya shrinkage rate yedhaka. Ose ari maviri anogona kunonoka kuputika kwemhete yedhaka. Kana izvo zviviri zvasanganiswa, shrinkage rate yedhaka haichinji zvakanyanya, uye kuramba kwekutsemuka kunowedzerwa.
1.2 Redispersible latex poda
Redispersible latex poda chikamu chakakosha chemazuva ano chakagadzirwa chakaoma poda dhaka. Iyo inonyungudika mumvura organic polymer inogadzirwa ne-high-molecular polymer emulsion kuburikidza nekushisa kwakanyanya uye kudzvanywa kwakanyanya, kupfapfaidza kuomesa, kurapwa kwepamusoro uye mamwe maitiro. Iyo emulsion inogadzirwa neinodzokororwa latex poda mune simende dhaka inoumba polymer firimu chimiro mukati medhaka, iyo inogona kuvandudza kugona kwesamende dhaka kuramba kukuvara.
Redispersible latex poda inogona kuvandudza elasticity uye kuoma kwezvinhu, kuvandudza kuyerera kweiyo ichangobva kusanganiswa dhaka, uye kuve neimwe nzira yekudzikisa mvura. Chikwata chake chakaongorora maitiro ekurapa system pane tensile bond simba redhaka.
Mhedzisiro yetsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kana huwandu hwehupfu hwerabha hwakagadziridzwa huri pakati pe1.0% kusvika 1.5%, zvimiro zvemagiredhi akasiyana ehupfu yerabha zvakanyanya kuenzana. Mushure mokunge iyo redispersible latex powder yakawedzerwa kune simenti, iyo yekutanga hydration rate ye simenti inononoka, iyo firimu yepolymer inoputira masimende, simenti yakazara hydrated, uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinovandudzwa. Kusanganisa redispersible latex poda mudhaka resimende kunogona kuderedza mvura, uye latex poda nesimende zvinogona kuumba network chimiro kuwedzera kusimba kwechisungo chedhaka, kuderedza kuvharika kwedhaka, nekuvandudza mashandiro edhaka.
Muchidzidzo chacho, iyo yakagadziriswa lime-jecha reshiyo yaiva 1: 2.5, kuwirirana kwaiva (70 ± 5) mm, uye huwandu hwehupfu hwerabha hwakasarudzwa se 0-3% ye-lime-jecha yakawanda. Shanduko dzezvimiro zve microscopic yedhaka yakagadziridzwa pamazuva makumi maviri nemasere yakaongororwa neSEM, uye mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti Iyo yakakwirira yemukati yakaparadzirwa latex powder, iyo inoenderera mberi iyo polymer firimu yakaumbwa pamusoro pedhaka hydration chigadzirwa, uye iyo zviri nani kuita kwedhaka.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mushure mekusanganiswa nesamende dhaka, zvimedu zvepolymer uye simende zvichabatana kuti zvigadzire akaturikidzana dhizaini, uye yakazara netiweki dhizaini ichaumbwa panguva ye hydration process, nekudaro ichivandudza zvakanyanya kusimba kwekusimba uye kuvaka. ye thermal insulation mortar. performance.
1.3 Hupfu hwakakora
Basa rehupfu hwehupfu nderekuvandudza kushanda kwakazara kwedhaka. Iyo isiri-air-entraining poda zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kubva kwakasiyana-siyana inorganic zvinhu, organic polima, surfactants uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvinhu. Hupfu hwakakora hunosanganisira redispersible latex poda, bentonite, inorganic mineral poda, mvura-inochengeta thickener, nezvimwewo, ine imwe adsorption mhedzisiro pamamorekuru emvura emuviri, kwete chete inogona kuwedzera kuwirirana uye kuchengetwa kwemvura kwedhaka, asi zvakare kuve nekuenderana kwakanaka masimende akasiyana-siyana. Iko kuenderana kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuita kwedhaka. Cao Chun et al] akadzidza mhedzisiro yeHJ-C2 yakakora hupfu pakushanda kwedhaka rakaoma-yakavhenganiswa rakajairwa, uye mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti hupfu hwakakora hwaive nemhedzisiro shoma pakuenderana uye 28d yekumanikidza kusimba kweyakaoma-yakavhenganiswa yakajairika dhaka, uye yakanga ine mhedzisiro shoma pakudonha kwedhaka Pane zviri nani kuvandudza maitiro. Akadzidza pesvedzero yehupfu hwekukora uye zvikamu zvakasiyana pane zvemuviri uye zvemichina indexes uye kusimba kwedhaka nyowani pasi pemadosi akasiyana. Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa inoratidza kuti kushanda kwedhaka nyowani kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwedzerwa kwehupfu hwekukora. Kubatanidzwa kwe redispersible latex powder kunovandudza kushanduka kwesimba redhaka, kunoderedza simba rekumanikidzika redhaka, uye kuiswa kwe cellulose ether uye inorganic mineral materials inoita kuti kumanikidzika uye kushanduka kwesimba revhu kuderera; Izvo zvikamu zvine chekuita nekusimba kweiyo yakaoma musanganiswa dhaka, iyo inowedzera shrinkage yedhaka. Wang Jun et al. akadzidza pesvedzero ye bentonite uye cellulose ether pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushanda zviratidzo zveyakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa dhaka. Pasi pemamiriro ekuvimbisa kushanda kwakanaka kwedhaka, zvakagumiswa kuti iyo yakakwana dosage ye bentonite inenge 10kg/m3, uye chiyero che cellulose ether chakanyanya kukwirira. Iyo yakakwana dosage ndeye 0.05% yehuwandu hwese hwesementitious zvinhu. Mureshiyo iyi, hupfu hwakakora hwakakanyiwa nezviviri izvi hunoita zvirinani pakushanda kwakazara kwedhaka.
1.4 Cellulose Ether
Cellulose ether yakatanga kubva kutsanangudzo yemadziro esero rezvirimwa nemurimi wekuFrance Anselme Payon muma1830s. Inogadzirwa nekuita cellulose kubva muhuni nekotoni ine caustic soda, uyezve kuwedzera etherification agent yemakemikari reaction. Nekuti cellulose ether ine yakanaka kuchengetedza mvura uye kukobvu mhedzisiro, kuwedzera shoma shoma cellulose ether kusimende kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro edhaka richangobva kusanganiswa. Muzvinhu zvine simende, mhando dzinowanzo shandiswa dze cellulose ether dzinosanganisira methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether uye hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether yakawanda. inowanzoshandiswa.
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) ine simba guru pakuyerera kwemvura, kuchengetwa kwemvura uye kusimba kwechisungo chedhaka rinozvimisa. Mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti cellulose ether inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuchengetwa kwemvura yedhaka, kuderedza kuwirirana kwedhaka, uye kutamba yakanaka yekudzosa mhedzisiro; apo chiyero che hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether chiri pakati pe 0.02% ne0.04%, simba revhu rinonyanya kuderedzwa. Cellulose ether inotamba mhepo-inopinza mhepo uye inovandudza kushanda kwedhaka. Kuchengetwa kwayo kwemvura kunoderedza stratification yedhaka uye kunowedzera nguva yekushanda kwedhaka. Icho chisanganiswa chinogona kunyatso kuvandudza kushanda kwedhaka; tsvakurudzo Panguva yekuita, zvakaonekwawo kuti zvinyorwa zve cellulose ether hazvifaniri kunge zvakanyanyisa. Kana yakanyanya kukwirira, mhepo yemhepo yevhu ichawedzera zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwehuwandu, kurasikirwa kwesimba uye kukanganisa kwehutano hwehutu. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kwe cellulose ether kunowedzera zvakanyanya kuchengetwa kwemvura kwedhaka, uye panguva imwechete ine simba guru rekudzikisa mvura pamatope. Cellulose ether inogona zvakare kuderedza kuwanda kwemusanganiswa wedhaka, kurebesa nguva yekumisikidza, uye kunatsiridza flexural uye compression simba. kuderedza. Cellulose ether uye starch ether maviri anowanzo shandiswa musanganiswa pakuvaka dhaka.
Zvisinei, nekuda kwehukuru hwakasiyana-siyana hwema cellulose ethers, ma molecular parameters akasiyanawo, zvichiita kuti pave nemusiyano mukuru mukushanda kwemasimende yakagadziridzwa. Simba resimende dhaka rakagadziridzwa ne cellulose ether ine high viscosity yakaderera pane. Kana zvinyorwa zve cellulose ether zvichiwedzera, simba rekumanikidzika resimende slurry rinoratidza maitiro ekuderera uye pakupedzisira kugadzikana, asi simba rekushandura rinoratidza kuwedzera, kuderera, kugadzikana uye kugadzikana maitiro. Kuwedzera zvishoma kushandura maitiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-02-2023