Chii chinonzi hydrocolloid yakagadzirwa?

MaHydrocolloids anowanzo kuumbwa nemamorekuru akareba ane hydrophilic (inokwezva mvura) chikamu uye anogonawo kunge aine hydrophobic (inodzoreredza mvura) nzvimbo. Aya mamorekuru anogona kutorwa kubva kune akasiyana echisikigo kana ekugadzira masosi uye anokwanisa kugadzira gels kana viscous dispersions kana akaparadzirwa mumvura kana aqueous mhinduro.

Heano mamwe marudzi akajairika ehydrocolloids uye kwaanobva:

1. Polysaccharides:
   • Agar: Inotorwa kubva mugungwa, agar inosanganisira agarose uye agaropectin, iyo polysaccharides inoumbwa nekudzokorora zvikamu zvegalactose uye yakagadziridzwa galactose shuga.
   • Alginate: Inowanikwa kubva kune algae yebrown, alginate i polysaccharide inoumbwa nemannuronic acid uye guluronic acid units, yakarongwa mukuchinjana kutevedzana.
   • Pectin: Inowanikwa mumasero emadziro emichero, pectin inonzi polysaccharide yakaoma inoumbwa negalacturonic acid units ine madhigirii akasiyana emethylation.
2. Mapuroteni:
   • Gelatin: Yakatorwa kubva ku collagen, gelatin iproteinaceous hydrocolloid inoumbwa neamino acids, kunyanya glycine, proline, uye hydroxyproline.
   • Casein: Inowanikwa mumukaka, casein iboka re phosphoprotein rinogadzira hydrocolloids muhupo hwe calcium ions pasi pemamiriro e acidic.
3. Synthetic Polymers:
   • Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): Semi-synthetic polymer inotorwa kubva muselulosi, HPMC inogadziriswa kemikari kuti iunze hydroxypropyl uye methyl mapoka kumusana we cellulose.
   • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): Zvakare inotorwa kubva ku cellulose, CMC inopinda carboxymethylation kuunza mapoka ecarboxymethyl pane cellulose chimiro.

Aya mahydrocolloids ane chaiwo makemikari zvimiro uye anoshanda mapoka anovagonesa kudyidzana nemamorekuru emvura kuburikidza nehydrogen bonding, electrostatic kupindirana, uye hydration masimba. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ivo vanoratidza yakasarudzika rheological zvimiro, senge viscosity, gelation, uye bhaisikopo-kugadzira kugona, izvo zvinovaita zvakakosha zvinongedzo muakasiyana maindasitiri ekushandisa, kusanganisira chikafu, mishonga, cosmetics, uye machira.