Mvura-soluble cellulose ether derivatives

The crosslinking mechanism, nzira uye zvivakwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dze crosslinking agents uye mvura-soluble cellulose ether yakaunzwa. Nekuchinjika kuchinjika, iyo viscosity, rheological properties, solubility uye mechanical properties yemvura-soluble cellulose ether inogona kuvandudzwa zvikuru, kuitira kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo. Zvinoenderana nechimiro chemakemikari uye zvimiro zveakasiyana crosslinkers, mhando dze cellulose ether crosslinking modification reactions dzakapfupikiswa, uye nzira dzekusimudzira dzeakasiyana macrosslinker munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa dze cellulose ether dzakapfupikiswa. Tichifunga nezvekushanda kwakanakisa kwemvura-soluble cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa nekuchinjika uye zvishoma zvidzidzo zvepamba nekune dzimwe nyika, remangwana crosslinking shanduko ye cellulose ether ine tarisiro yakakura yebudiriro. Izvi ndezvekutarisa kwevatsvagiri vakakodzera uye mabhizinesi ekugadzira.
Mazwi akakosha: crosslinking modification; Cellulose ether; Chimiro chemakemikari; Solubility; Kuita kwekushandisa

Cellulose ether nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanakisa, seyakakora mumiriri, inochengetedza mvura, inonamira, binder uye dispersant, inodzivirira colloid, stabilizer, suspension agent, emulsifier uye firimu rinogadzira agent, rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukupfeka, kuvaka, petroleum, makemikari ezuva nezuva, chikafu. uye mishonga nemamwe maindasitiri. Cellulose ether inonyanya kusanganisira methyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose uye mamwe marudzi emusanganiswa ether. Cellulose ether inogadzirwa nedonje faibha kana huni faibha nealkalization, etherification, kugeza centrifugation, kuomeswa, kugaya nzira yakagadzirirwa, kushandiswa kweetherification agents kunowanzo shandisa halogenated alkane kana epoxy alkane.
Nekudaro, mukushandiswa kwemvura-soluble cellulose ether, mukana uchasangana nenzvimbo yakakosha, senge yakakwira uye yakaderera tembiricha, acid-base nharaunda, yakaoma ionic nharaunda, nharaunda idzi dzinokonzera kukora, kunyungudika, kuchengetwa kwemvura, kunamatira, adhesive, kugadzikana kumiswa uye emulsification yemvura-soluble cellulose ether inobatwa zvakanyanya, uye inototungamira mukurasikirwa kwakakwana kwekushanda kwayo.
Kuti uvandudze mashandiro ekushandisa kwe cellulose ether, zvinodikanwa kuita crosslinking kurapwa, uchishandisa akasiyana crosslinking agents, kuita kwechigadzirwa kwakasiyana. Zvichienderana nekudzidza kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze crosslinking agents uye nzira dzadzo dzekuchinjisa, dzakasanganiswa neiyo crosslinking tekinoroji mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, bepa rino rinokurukura kuyambuka kwe cellulose ether nemhando dzakasiyana dze crosslinking agents, ichipa referensi yekuchinjika kweiyo cellulose ether. .

1.Structure uye crosslinking musimboti we cellulose ether

Cellulose etherimhando yezvinobva muselulosi, iyo inogadzirwa ne ether substitution reaction yemapoka matatu edoro hydroxyl pane echisikigo cellulose mamorekuru uye halogenated alkane kana epoxide alkane. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwezvinotsiva, chimiro uye zvimiro zve cellulose ether zvakasiyana. Iyo crosslinking reaction ye cellulose ether inonyanya kusanganisa etherification kana esterification ye -OH (OH paglucose unit ring kana iyo -OH pane inotsiva kana iyo carboxyl pane inotsiva) uye iyo crosslinking agent ine binary kana akawanda anoshanda mapoka, kuti maviri kana akawanda cellulose ether mamorekuru akabatanidzwa pamwechete kuti aumbe multidimensional spatial network chimiro. Ndiyo crosslinked cellulose ether.
Kazhinji kutaura, cellulose ether uye crosslinking agent yeaqueous solution ine yakawanda -OH yakadai seHEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC uye CMC inogona kuvharidzirwa kana esterified crosslinked. Nekuti CMC ine carboxylic acid ions, iwo anoshanda mapoka ari mucrosslinking agent anogona kuve esterified akabatanidzwa ne carboxylic acid ions.
Mushure mekuita kwe -OH kana -COO- mu cellulose ether molecule ine crosslinking agent, nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwezviri mukati memvura inonyungudika mapoka uye kuumbwa kweakawanda-dimensional network chimiro mumhinduro, kunyungudika kwayo, rheology uye mechanical properties. ichashandurwa. Nekushandisa akasiyana crosslinking agents kuita ne cellulose ether, kushanda kwe cellulose ether kuchavandudzwa. Cellulose ether yakakodzera kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri yakagadzirwa.

2. Mhando dze crosslinking agents

2.1 Aldehydes crosslinking agents
Aldehyde crosslinking agents inoreva organic compounds ine aldehyde boka (-CHO), iyo inoshandiswa nemakemikari uye inogona kuita nehydroxyl, ammonia, amide uye mamwe maitiro. Aldehyde crosslinking agents anoshandiswa kune cellulose uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvinosanganisira formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, glyceraldehyde, etc. Aldehyde boka rinogona kuita nyore nyore nemaviri -OH kuumba acetals pasi pemamiriro asina simba ane acidic, uye mhinduro inogadziriswa. Iyo yakajairika cellulose ethers yakagadziridzwa nealdehydes crosslinking agents ndeye HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC, CMC uye mamwe aqueous cellulose ethers.
Rimwe boka re aldehyde rakasanganiswa nemapoka maviri e hydroxyl pa cellulose ether molecular chain, uye cellulose ether mamorekuru akabatana kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwemaacetals, achigadzira network space chimiro, kuitira kuti ichinje kunyungudika kwayo. Pamusana pekusununguka -OH reaction pakati pe aldehyde crosslinking agent uye cellulose ether, huwandu hwema molecular hydrophilic mapoka hunoderedzwa, zvichiita kuti mvura inyunguduke isina kunaka yechigadzirwa. Naizvozvo, nekudzora huwandu hweiyo crosslinking agent, zvine mwero crosslinking ye cellulose ether inogona kunonoka nguva ye hydration uye kudzivirira chigadzirwa kubva pakunyungudika nekukasira mumushonga wemvura, zvichikonzera kuunganidzwa kwenzvimbo.
Mhedzisiro yealdehyde crosslinking cellulose ether inowanzoenderana nehuwandu hwealdehyde, pH, kufanana kwemaitiro ekuyambuka, nguva yekuyambuka, uye tembiricha. Kunyanya kukwira kana kuderera tembiricha yekuyambuka uye pH inokonzeresa kuchinjika kuchinjika nekuda kwehemiacetal kuita acetal, izvo zvinozotungamira kune cellulose ether kusanyungudika zvachose mumvura. Huwandu hwealdehyde uye kufanana kweiyo crosslinking reaction inobata zvakananga iyo crosslinking degree ye cellulose ether.
Formaldehyde hainyanyi kushandiswa pakubatanidza cellulose ether nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwepamusoro uye kusagadzikana kwakanyanya. Munguva yakapfuura, formaldehyde yaishandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wejasi, zvinonamira, machira, uye zvino inotsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma ne-low-toxicity isiri-formaldehyde crosslinking agents. The crosslinking effect ye glutaraldehyde iri nani pane yeglyoxal, asi ine kunhuhwirira kwakasimba, uye mutengo we glutaraldehyde wakakura. Mukufunga kwakawanda, muindasitiri, glyoxal inowanzoshandiswa kuyambuka-inonyungudika mvura-soluble cellulose ether kuvandudza kunyungudika kwezvigadzirwa. Kazhinji pakupisa kwekamuri, pH 5 ~ 7 isina simba acidic mamiriro anogona kuitwa crosslinking maitiro. Mushure mekuyambuka, iyo nguva ye hydration uye yakakwana hydration nguva ye cellulose ether ichave yakareba, uye iyo agglomeration phenomenon ichave isina simba. Kuenzaniswa neasina-crosslinking zvigadzirwa, kunyungudika kwe cellulose ether kuri nani, uye hakuzovi neyakagadziriswa zvigadzirwa mumhinduro, iyo inobatsira kune indasitiri yekushandisa. Zhang Shuangjian paakagadzira hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, iyo crosslinking agent glyoxal yakapfapfaidzwa isati yaoma kuti iwane ipapo ipapo hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose nekuparadzirwa kwe100%, iyo isina kunamatira pamwe pakunyunguduka uye yakakurumidza kupararira uye kunyungudika, iyo yakagadzirisa bundling mukuita. application uye yakawedzera nzvimbo yekushandisa.
Mumamiriro e-alkaline, nzira inogadziriswa yekugadzira acetal ichaputsika, nguva ye hydration yechigadzirwa ichapfupiswa, uye maitiro ekuparara kwe cellulose ether pasina crosslinking achadzorerwa. Munguva yekugadzirira uye kugadzirwa kwe cellulose ether, iyo crosslinking reaction yealdehydes inowanzoitwa mushure meiyo etheration reaction process, ingave muchikamu chemvura chekugeza kana muchikamu chakasimba mushure mecentrifugation. Kazhinji, mukugezesa, iyo crosslinking reaction inofanana yakanaka, asi iyo crosslinking mhedzisiro haina kunaka. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kwemidziyo yeinjiniya, kuchinjika kwekubatanidza muchikamu chakasimba hakuna kunaka, asi muchinjiko-wekubatanidza maitiro uri nani uye huwandu hweiyo crosslinking agent inoshandiswa ishoma.
Aldehydes crosslinking agents yakashandura mvura-soluble cellulose ether, kunze kwekuvandudza kunyungudika kwayo, kunewo mishumo inogona kushandiswa kuvandudza maitiro ayo emagetsi, viscosity kugadzikana uye zvimwe zvinhu. Semuyenzaniso, Peng Zhang akashandisa glyoxal kuyambuka neHEC, uye akaongorora pesvedzero yekusangana kwemumiriri, kuyambuka pH uye tembiricha yekuyambuka pane kunyorova kwesimba reHEC. Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti pasi pehutano hwakanaka hwekuyambuka, simba rakanyorova reHEC fiber mushure mekuyambuka rinowedzera ne41.5%, uye kushanda kwayo kunovandudzwa zvikuru. Zhang Jin akashandisa mvura-inonyungudika phenolic resin, glutaraldehyde uye trichloroacetaldehyde kuyambuka CMC. Nokuenzanisa zvivakwa, mhinduro yemvura-soluble phenolic resin crosslinked CMC yaive nekushomeka kwekuona viscosity mushure mekunyanya kupisa tembiricha, ndiko kuti, yakanyanya tembiricha kuramba.
2.2 Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents
Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents inoreva polycarboxylic acid compounds, kunyanya kusanganisira succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid uye mamwe mabhinari kana polycarboxylic acid. Carboxylic acid crosslinkers yakatanga kushandiswa mukuchinjika machira eshinda kuvandudza kutsetseka kwawo. Iyo crosslinking mechanism yakaita seiyi: boka recarboxyl rinosangana neboka rehydroxyl re cellulose molecule kugadzira esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Welch naYang et al. vaive vekutanga kudzidza nzira yekuyambuka yecarboxylic acid crosslinkers. Maitiro ekuyambuka aive akadai: pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, mapoka maviri ari padyo necarboxylic acid mucarboxylic acid crosslinkers akatanga apererwa nemvura kuti aite cyclic anhydride, uye anhydride yakasangana neOH mumamorekuru ecellulose kuita crosslinked cellulose ether ine network yenzvimbo.
Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents anowanzoita ne cellulose ether ine hydroxyl substituents. Nekuti carboxylic acid crosslinking agents inonyungudika nemvura uye isina chepfu, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzidza huni, starch, chitosan uye cellulose mumakore achangopfuura.
Derivatives uye mamwe echisikigo polymer esterification crosslinking gadziriso, kuitira kuvandudza mashandiro endima yayo yekushandisa.
Hu Hanchang et al. yakashandisa sodium hypophosphite catalyst kutora mana polycarboxylic acids ane akasiyana mamolecular maitiro: Propane tricarboxylic acid (PCA), 1,2,3, 4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), cis-CPTA, cis-CHHA (Cis-ChHA) yakashandiswa. kupedza micheka yekotoni. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti denderedzwa chimiro chepolycarboxylic acid yekupedzisa jira rekotoni ine zvirinani crease kudzoreredza kuita. Cyclic polycarboxylic acid mamorekuru anogona kushanda kuyambuka maajenti nekuda kwekusimba kwawo uye zvirinani kuyambuka mhedzisiro pane cheni carboxylic acid mamorekuru.
Wang Jiwei et al. akashandisa iyo yakasanganiswa asidhi ye citric asidhi uye acetic anhydride kugadzira esterification uye crosslinking shanduko ye starch. Nekuyedza zvimiro zvekugadzirisa kwemvura uye nekunamira pachena, vakagumisa kuti esterified crosslinked starch yaive nani kugadzika-kunyorova kugadzikana, kudzika kwepaste kujeka uye zvirinani viscosity kupisa kugadzikana pane starch.
Mapoka eCarboxylic acid anogona kuvandudza kunyungudika kwawo, biodegradability uye mechanical properties mushure me esterification crosslinking reaction ne-inoshanda -OH mumapolymers akasiyana-siyana, uye carboxylic acid makomisheni ane asiri-chepfu kana akaderera-chepfu, ane tarisiro yakakura yekuchinjika kwemvura- soluble cellulose ether mugiredhi rekudya, giredhi remishonga uye minda yekupfeka.
2.3 Epoxy compound crosslinking agent
Epoxy crosslinking agent ine maviri kana anopfuura mapoka epoxy, kana epoxy compounds ane anoshanda anoshanda mapoka. Pasi pechiito chezvinokonzeresa, mapoka epoxy uye mapoka anoshanda anoita ne -OH mune organic komisheni kugadzira macromolecules ine network chimiro. Naizvozvo, inogona kushandiswa kuyambuka cellulose ether.
Iyo viscosity uye mechanical properties ye cellulose ether inogona kuvandudzwa ne epoxy crosslinking. Epoxides yakatanga kushandiswa kurapa machira eshinda uye yakaratidza yakanaka yekupedzisa mhedzisiro. Zvisinei, kune mishumo mishoma pamusoro pekuchinjika-kuchinjika kwe cellulose ether nema epoxides. Hu Cheng et al vakagadzira itsva multifunctional epoxy compound crosslinker: EPTA, iyo yakavandudza kunyorova kupora Angle yemachira chaiwo esirika kubva 200º isati yarapwa kusvika 280º. Uyezve, kubhadharisa kwakanaka kwecrosslinker kwakawedzera zvakanyanya chiyero chekudhaya uye chiyero chekutorwa kwemachira chaiwo esirika kune madhayi ane acid. Iyo epoxy compound crosslinking agent inoshandiswa naChen Xiaohui et al. : polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PGDE) yakasanganiswa negelatin. Mushure mekuyambuka, gelatin hydrogel ine yakanakisa elastic kudzoreredza kuita, ine yepamusoro elastic kudzoreredza mwero inosvika 98.03%. Zvichienderana nezvidzidzo pamuchinjikwa-kubatanidza kuchinjwa kwemapolima echisikigo akadai semucheka uye gelatin nepakati oxides mumabhuku, kuchinjika-kuchinjika kuchinjika kwe cellulose ether ine epoxides zvakare ine tarisiro inovimbisa.
Epichlorohydrin (inozivikanwawo se epichlorohydrin) inowanzo shandiswa crosslinking agent pakurapa kwechisikigo polymer zvinhu zvine -OH, -NH2 nemamwe mapoka anoshanda. Mushure me epichlorohydrin crosslinking, iyo viscosity, asidhi uye alkali kuramba, tembiricha kuramba, munyu kuramba, shear kuramba uye michina zvimiro zvezvinhu zvichavandudzwa. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwe epichlorohydrin mu cellulose ether crosslinking kune tsvakiridzo yakakosha. Semuenzaniso, Su Maoyao akagadzira zvakanyanya adsorbent zvinhu nekushandisa epiclorohydrin crosslinked CMC. Akakurukura nezve pesvedzero yechimiro chemidziyo, dhigirii rekutsiva uye dhigirii rekuyambuka pane adsorption zvivakwa, uye akaona kuti kukosha kwekuchengetedza mvura (WRV) uye brine retention value (SRV) yechigadzirwa chakagadzirwa neinenge 3% crosslinking agent yakawedzera ne26. nguva uye 17 nguva, zvichiteerana. Apo Ding Changguang et al. yakagadzirira zvakanyanya viscous carboxymethyl cellulose, epichlorohydrin yakawedzerwa mushure meiyo etherification yekuyambuka. Nekuenzanisa, iyo viscosity yechigadzirwa chakachinjika yaive yakakwira kusvika ku51% yakakwira kupfuura iyo yechigadzirwa chisina kubatanidzwa.
2.4 Boric acid crosslinking agents
Boric crosslinking agents kunyanya zvinosanganisira boric acid, borax, borate, organoborate uye mamwe borate-ine crosslinking agents. The crosslinking mechanism inowanzotenda kuti boric acid (H3BO3) kana borate (B4O72-) inoumba tetrahydroxy borate ion (B (OH) 4-) mumushonga, uye inopedza mvura ne -O mukomboni. Gadzira musanganiswa wakabatanidzwa une network network.
Boric acid crosslinkers inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sezvibatsiro mumishonga, girazi, ceramics, petroleum nedzimwe minda. Iyo mechanical simba rezvinhu zvakabatwa ne boric acid crosslinking agent ichavandudzwa, uye inogona kushandiswa kuyambuka ye cellulose ether, kuitira kuti ivandudze kushanda kwayo.
Mumakore ekuma1960, inorganic boron (borax, boric acid uye sodium tetraborate, zvichingodaro) ndiyo yainyanya kubatanidza yaishandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemvura-yakavakirwa fracturing fluid yeminda yeoiri negasi. Borax ndiyo yaive yekutanga crosslinking agent yakashandiswa. Nekuda kwekushomeka kweinorganic boron, senge nguva pfupi yekuyambuka uye kushomeka kwekushisa kwekushisa, kuvandudzwa kweorganoboron crosslinking agent yave hotspot yekutsvaga. Tsvakurudzo ye organoboron yakatanga muma1990. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekupisa tembiricha kuramba, nyore kutyora glue, inodzoreka kunonoka kuyambuka, nezvimwewo, organoboron yakawana yakanaka application mhedzisiro mumafuta uye gasi kutsemuka mumunda. Liu Ji et al. yakagadzira polymer crosslinking agent ine phenylboric acid group, iyo crosslinking agent yakasanganiswa ne acrylic acid uye polyol polymer ine succinimide ester group reaction, inokonzeresa biological adhesive ine yakanakisa mashandiro akazara, inogona kuratidza kunaka kunamatira uye michina zvinhu munzvimbo ine mwando, uye inogona kuwedzera nyore kunamatira. Yang Yang et al. yakagadzira yakanyanya tembiricha isingachinji zirconium boron crosslinking agent, iyo yakashandiswa kuyambuka guanidine gel base fluid yefracturing fluid, uye yakavandudza zvakanyanya tembiricha uye shear kuramba kweiyo fracturing fluid mushure mekurapa kwekubatanidza. Iko kugadziriswa kwecarboxymethyl cellulose ether ne boric acid crosslinking agent mu petroleum drilling fluid yakashumwa. Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakakosha, inogona kushandiswa mukurapa nekuvaka
Crosslinking ye cellulose ether mukuvaka, kupfekedza uye mamwe minda.
2.5 Phosphide crosslinking agent
Phosphates crosslinking agents anonyanya kusanganisira phosphorus trichloroxy (phosphoacyl chloride), sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, etc. The crosslinking mechanism ndeyokuti PO bond kana P-Cl bond inosimbiswa ne molecular -OH mune aqueous solution kuti ibudise diphosphate, ichiita network network .
Phosphide crosslinking agent nekuda kweiyo isiri-chepfu kana yakaderera muchetura, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muchikafu, mushonga polymer zvinhu crosslinking gadziriso, senge starch, chitosan uye mamwe echisikigo polymer crosslinking kurapwa. Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti gelatinization uye kuzvimba zvinhu zve starch zvinogona kuchinjwa zvakanyanya nekuwedzera zvishoma zve phosphide crosslinking agent. Mushure me starch crosslinking, tembiricha yegelatinization inowedzera, iyo paste kugadzikana inovandudza, iyo acid inopikisa iri nani pane yekutanga starch, uye firimu simba rinowedzera.
Kune zvakare akawanda zvidzidzo zvechitosan crosslinking nephosphide crosslinking agent, iyo inogona kuvandudza simba rayo remuchina, kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye zvimwe zvivakwa. Parizvino, hapana mishumo pamusoro pekushandiswa kwephosphide crosslinking agent ye cellulose ether crosslinking kurapwa. Nekuti cellulose ether uye starch, chitosan uye mamwe echisikigo mapolymers ane anonyanya kushanda -OH, uye phosphide crosslinking agent ine isiri-chepfu kana yakaderera muchetura physiological properties, kushandiswa kwayo mu cellulose ether crosslinking tsvakurudzo kunewo zvingangoitika. Zvakadai seCMC inoshandiswa muchikafu, mazino giredhi giredhi ine phosphide crosslinking agent shanduko, inogona kuvandudza kukora kwayo, rheological zvimiro. MC, HPMC uye HEC inoshandiswa mumunda wemishonga inogona kuvandudzwa nephosphide crosslinking agent.
2.6 Mamwe ma-crosslinking agents
Izvo zviri pamusoro apa aldehydes, epoxides uye cellulose ether crosslinking ndezve etherification crosslinking, carboxylic acid, boric acid uye phosphide crosslinking agent ndeye esterification crosslinking. Mukuwedzera, iyo crosslinking agents inoshandiswa kune cellulose ether crosslinking inosanganisirawo isocyanate compounds, nitrogen hydroxymethyl compounds, sulfhydryl compounds, metal crosslinking agents, organosilicon crosslinking agents, nezvimwewo. nyore kuita ne -OH, uye inogona kuumba multi-dimensional network chimiro mushure mekuyambuka. Izvo zvimiro zvezvinhu zvekuyambuka zvigadzirwa zvine hukama nemhando ye crosslinking agent, crosslinking degree uye crosslinking mamiriro.
Badit · Pabin · Condu et al. inoshandiswa toluene diisocyanate (TDI) kuyambuka methyl cellulose. Mushure mekuyambuka, tembiricha yegirazi yekuchinja (Tg) yakawedzera nekuwedzera kwechikamu cheTDI, uye kugadzikana kweiyo aqueous solution yakavandudzwa. TDI zvakare inowanzoshandiswa kuchinjika kuchinjika mune zvinonamira, machira uye mamwe minda. Mushure mekugadzirisa, pfuma yekunamatira, kupisa kwekushisa uye kushorwa kwemvura kwefirimu kuchavandudzwa. Naizvozvo, TDI inogona kuvandudza mashandiro e cellulose ether inoshandiswa mukuvaka, machira uye adhesives nekuchinjika kuchinjika.
Disulfide crosslinking tekinoroji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadziridzwa kwezvinhu zvekurapa uye ine kumwe kutsvagisa kukosha kwekusanganisa kweselulosi ether zvigadzirwa mumunda wemishonga. Shu Shujun et al. yakabatanidzwa β-cyclodextrin ne silica microspheres, crosslinked mercaptoylated chitosan uye glucan kuburikidza ne gradient shell layer, uye yakabvisa silica microspheres kuti iwane disulfide crosslinked nanocapses, iyo yakaratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka mukuenzanisa kwepanyama pH.
Metal crosslinking agents anonyanya kuve inorganic uye organic komisheni yeakakwira simbi ions akadai seZr (IV), Al (III), Ti (IV), Cr (III) uye Fe (III). Ioni dzesimbi dzakakwirira dzakaitwa polymerized kuti dziumbe ma-multi-nuclear hydroxyl bridge ions kuburikidza nehydration, hydrolysis uye hydroxyl bridge. Zvinowanzo davirwa kuti kuchinjika-kubatanidza kwe-high-valence simbi ions kunonyanya kuburikidza neakawanda-nucleated hydroxyl bridging ions, ari nyore kusanganisa nemapoka e-carboxylic acid kuti aumbe akawanda-dimensional spatial chimiro mapolymer. Xu Kai et al. akadzidza rheological properties yeZr (IV), Al(III), Ti(IV), Cr(III) uye Fe(III) series high-priced metal cross-linked carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (CMHPC) uye thermal kugadzikana, filtration kurasikirwa. , yakaturikwa jecha simba, glue-kupwanya residu uye munyu kuenderana mushure mekushandisa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti, Iyo simbi crosslinker ine zvivakwa zvinodikanwa kune simende agent yeoiri tsime fracturing fluid.

3. Kuvandudzwa kwekuita uye kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hwe cellulose ether nekuchinjisa kuchinjika

3.1 Pendi uye kuvaka
Cellulose ether kunyanya HEC, HPMC, HEMC uye MC inonyanya kushandiswa mumunda wekuvaka, kupfekedza, rudzi urwu rweselulosi ether inofanira kuva nekudzivirira mvura yakanaka, kuwedzera, munyu uye kupisa kwekushisa, shear resistance, inowanzoshandiswa mumatope esimende, latex pendi. , ceramic tile adhesive, kunze kwemadziro pendi, lacquer uye zvichingodaro. Nekuda kwechivako, kupfekedza munda zvinodiwa zvezvinhu kunofanirwa kuve kwakanaka kwemagetsi kusimba uye kugadzikana, kazhinji sarudza etherification mhando crosslinking mumiriri kune cellulose ether crosslinking kugadziridzwa, sekushandisa epoxy halogenated alkane, boric acid crosslinking agent kune yayo crosslinking, inogona kuvandudza chigadzirwa. viscosity, munyu uye tembiricha kuramba, shear resistance uye mechanical properties.
3.2 Minda yemishonga, chikafu uye makemikari ezuva nezuva
MC, HPMC uye CMC mumvura-soluble cellulose ether inowanzoshandiswa mumishonga yekuputira zvinhu, mishonga inononoka-kusunungura additives uye liquid pharmaceutical thickener uye emulsion stabilizer. CMC inogona zvakare kushandiswa se emulsifier uye thickener mune yogati, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka uye mushonga wemazino. HEC uye MC anoshandiswa muzuva nezuva kemikari munda kukora, kuparadzira uye homogenize. Nekuti munda wemishonga, chikafu uye chemazuva ese chemakemikari giredhi inoda zvinhu zvakachengeteka uye zvisina chepfu, saka, kune rudzi urwu rweselulosi ether inogona kushandiswa phosphoric acid, carboxylic acid crosslinking agent, sulfhydryl crosslinking agent, nezvimwewo, mushure mekuchinjisa kuchinjika, inogona. kunatsiridza viscosity yechigadzirwa, biological kugadzikana uye zvimwe zvinhu.
HEC haiwanzo shandiswa muminda yemishonga uye chikafu, asi nekuda kwekuti HEC isiri-ionic cellulose ether ine solubility yakasimba, ine mabhenefiti ayo akasiyana pamusoro peMC, HPMC uye CMC. Mune ramangwana, ichave yakabatanidzwa neyakachengetedzeka uye isiri-chepfu crosslinking agents, iyo inova nehukuru hwebudiriro muminda yemishonga uye chikafu.
3.3 Oiri yekuchera uye nzvimbo dzekugadzira
CMC uye carboxylated cellulose ether inowanzoshandiswa seindasitiri yekuchera madhaka mushonga wekurapa, fluid kurasikirwa mumiririri, thickening mumiririri kushandisa. Senge isiri-ionic cellulose ether, HEC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekuchera mafuta nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kukora, simba rekumisa jecha rakasimba uye kugadzikana, kupisa kupisa, munyu wakawanda, kushomeka kwepombi, kurasikirwa kwemvura shoma, kukurumidza rubber. kuputsa uye kusara kwakaderera. Parizvino, tsvakurudzo yakawanda ndeyekushandiswa kwe boric acid crosslinking agents uye metal crosslinking agents kuti igadzirise CMC inoshandiswa mumunda wekuchera mafuta, isiri-ionic cellulose ether crosslinking modification research inoshuma zvishoma, asi hydrophobic modification ye-non-ionic cellulose ether, inoratidza zvakakosha. viscosity, tembiricha uye munyu kuramba uye shear kugadzikana, kupararira kwakanaka uye kuramba kune biological hydrolysis. Mushure mekusanganiswa ne boric acid, simbi, epoxide, epoxy halogenated alkanes uye mamwe ma-crosslinking agents, cellulose ether inoshandiswa mukuchera mafuta uye kugadzirwa yakavandudza kukora kwayo, munyu uye kupisa kwekushisa, kugadzikana uye zvichingodaro, izvo zvine tarisiro huru yekushandisa mu ramangwana.
3.4 Dzimwe Nzvimbo
Cellulose ether nekuda kwekukora, emulsification, kugadzira firimu, kudzivirira kwecolloidal, kuchengetedza unyoro, kunamatira, anti-sensitivity uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakanakisa, zvakanyanya kushandiswa, kuwedzera kune minda iri pamusoro, inoshandiswawo mukugadzira mapepa, ceramics, textile printing uye dhayi. polymerization reaction uye mamwe minda. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvezvivakwa zvezvinhu muminda dzakasiyana siyana, akasiyana crosslinking agents anogona kushandiswa kuchinjika kuchinjika kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Kazhinji, crosslinked cellulose ether inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: etherified crosslinked cellulose ether uye esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Aldehydes, epoxides uye mamwe macrosslinkers anopindirana ne-Oh pa cellulose ether kuumba ether-oxygen bond (-O-), iyo ndeye etherification crosslinkers. Carboxylic acid, phosphide, boric acid uye mamwe ma-crosslinking agents anopindirana ne-OH pa cellulose ether kuumba ester bond, ari esterification crosslinking agents. Boka recarboxyl muCMC rinosangana ne -OH mune inosanganisa agent kugadzira esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Parizvino, pane mashoma ekutsvagisa pamhando iyi yekuchinjisa gadziriso, uye pachine nzvimbo yekusimudzira mune ramangwana. Nekuti kugadzikana kweether bond kuri nani pane iyo ester bond, ether type crosslinked cellulose ether ine kugadzikana kwakasimba uye ma mechanical properties. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana mafomu ekushandisa, akakodzera crosslinking agent anogona kusarudzirwa cellulose ether crosslinking shanduko, kuitira kuti uwane zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.

4. Mhedziso

Parizvino, iyo indasitiri inoshandisa glyoxal kucrosslink cellulose ether, kuitira kunonoka kunyungudika nguva, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa panguva yekuparara. Glyoxal crosslinked cellulose ether inogona kungoshandura kunyungudika kwayo, asi haina kuvandudzwa kuri pachena pane zvimwe zvinhu. Parizvino, kushandiswa kwemamwe ma crosslinking agents kunze kwe glyoxal ye cellulose ether crosslinking hakuwanzo kudzidziswa. Nekuti cellulose ether inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchera oiri, kuvaka, kupeta, chikafu, mushonga uye mamwe maindasitiri, kunyungudika kwayo, rheology, michina yemagetsi inoita basa rakakosha mukushandiswa kwayo. Kuburikidza nekuchinjisa kuchinjika, inogona kuvandudza kushanda kwayo kwekushandisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kuitira kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Semuenzaniso, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid crosslinking agent ye cellulose ester esterification inogona kuvandudza kushanda kwayo mumunda wezvokudya nemishonga. Nekudaro, aldehydes haigone kushandiswa muindasitiri yechikafu nemishonga nekuda kwehupfu hwemuviri. Boric acid uye metal crosslinking agents zvinobatsira kuvandudza kushanda kwemafuta uye gasi fracturing fluid mushure me crosslinking cellulose ether inoshandiswa mukuchera mafuta. Mamwe alkyl crosslinking agents, akadai se epichlorohydrin, anogona kuvandudza viscosity, rheological properties uye mechanical properties ye cellulose ether. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, zvinodiwa zvemaindasitiri akasiyana ezvivakwa zvenyama zviri kuramba zvichivandudza. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zve cellulose ether munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, tsvakiridzo yeramangwana nezve cellulose ether crosslinking ine tarisiro yakakura yebudiriro.