Rheology uye Kuenderana kweHPMC/HPS Complex

Rheology uye Kuenderana kweHPMC/HPSComplex

Mazwi akakosha: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; hydroxypropyl starch; rheological properties; kugarisana; kugadzirwa kwemakemikari.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ipolysaccharide polymer inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira mafirimu anodyika. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wezvokudya nemishonga. Iyo firimu ine zvakanaka pachena, mechanical zvivakwa uye oiri barrier properties. Zvisinei, HPMC inonzi thermally induced gel, iyo inotungamirira kuhutano hwayo husina kunaka pakupisa kwakadzika uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwepamusoro; uyezve, mutengo wayo unodhura wemidziyo inoganhura kushandiswa kwayo kwakakura kusanganisira munda wemishonga. Hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) chinhu chinodyiwa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wechikafu nemishonga. Iine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinyorwa uye mutengo wakaderera. Icho chinhu chakanakira kudzikisa mutengo weHPMC. Uyezve, iyo inotonhora gel zvimiro zveHPS inogona kuenzanisa viscosity uye zvimwe rheological zvimiro zveHPMC. , kuvandudza mashandiro ayo ekugadzirisa pane yakaderera tembiricha. Uye zvakare, HPS inodyika firimu ine yakanakisa oksijeni barriers zvivakwa, saka inogona zvakanyanya kuvandudza okisijeni barriers zvimiro zveHPMC inodyika firimu.

HPS yakawedzerwa muHPMC yekubatanidza, uye iyo HPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa yakadzoserwa-chikamu gel compound system yakavakwa. Mutemo wepesvedzero yezvivakwa wakakurukurwa, nzira yekudyidzana pakati peHPS neHPMC mumhinduro, kuenderana uye nhanho yekuchinja kwekomboni system yakakurukurwa, uye hukama pakati peiyo rheological properties uye chimiro checompound system yakatangwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti iyo komputa system ine yakakosha yekumisikidza (8%), pazasi peyakanyanya kuomesesa, HPMC neHPS iripo mune yakazvimirira molecular cheni uye chikamu matunhu; pamusoro peiyo yakakosha yekumisikidza, chikamu cheHPS chinoumbwa mune mhinduro senge gel centre, Iyo microgel chimiro, iyo yakabatana nekupindirana kweHPMC molecular cheni, inoratidza hunhu hwakafanana nehwepolymer melt. Iyo rheological zvimiro zvekomboni system uye chiyero chemukomboni zvinoenderana nemutemo welogarithmic sum, uye inoratidza imwe nhanho yekutsauka kwakanaka uye kwakashata, zvichiratidza kuti zvikamu zviviri izvi zvine kugarisana kwakanaka. Iyo kompani system inoenderera mberi chikamu-yakapararira chikamu che "gungwa-chitsuwa" chimiro pane yakaderera tembiricha, uye inoenderera yechikamu shanduko inoitika pa4: 6 nekudzikira kweiyo HPMC / HPS komputa ratio.

Sechikamu chakakosha chezvigadzirwa zvekudya, kurongedza kwechikafu kunogona kudzivirira chikafu kubva mukukuvadzwa uye kusvibiswa nezvinhu zvekunze mukutenderera uye kuchengetedza, nekudaro kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu uye nguva yekuchengetedza chikafu. Serudzi rutsva rwechikafu chekurongedza chikafu chakachengeteka uye chinodyiwa, uye kunyange chine humwe kukosha kwekudya, firimu rinodyika rine tarisiro yakafara yekushandisa mukurongedza chikafu nekuchengetedza, chikafu chekukurumidza uye macapsules emishonga, uye yave nzvimbo yekutsvagisa muchikafu chazvino. kurongedza zvinoenderana neminda.

Iyo HPMC/HPS inoumbwa membrane yakagadzirwa nenzira yekukanda. Kuenderana uye kupatsanurwa kwechikamu cheiyo composite system yakawedzera kuongororwa nekuongorora electron microscopy, dynamic thermomechanical property analysis uye thermogravimetric analysis, uye mechanical properties ye composite membrane yakadzidzwa. uye oksijeni permeability uye zvimwe membrane zvinhu. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti hapana chiri pachena chechikamu chezvikamu zviviri chinowanikwa muSEM mifananidzo yemafirimu ese akaumbwa, pane imwe chete girazi rekuchinja nzvimbo muDMA mhedzisiro yeakawanda eakaumbwa mafirimu, uye imwe chete yekupisa yekupisa peak inoonekwa muDTG curves. akawanda emafirimu akasanganiswa. HPMC ine kumwe kuenderana neHPS. Kuwedzerwa kweHPS kuHPMC kunonatsiridza zvakanyanya okisijeni barriers zvivakwa zvecomposite membrane. Iyo mechanic zvimiro zvemusanganiswa membrane inosiyana zvakanyanya neiyo composite reshiyo uye hunyoro hunyoro hwenzvimbo, uye inopa crossover point, iyo inogona kupa chirevo chekugadzirisa chigadzirwa kune akasiyana maapplication.

Iyo microscopic morphology, kugoverwa kwechikamu, shanduko yechikamu uye mamwe mamicrostructures eHPMC/HPS kompani system akaongororwa neayodhine dyeing optical microscope analysis, uye kujeka uye mashandiro emuchina wekomboni system zvakadzidzwa neultraviolet spectrophotometer uye mechanical property tester. Hukama huri pakati pemicroscopic morphological structure uye macroscopic comprehensive performance yeHPMC/HPS compound system yakatangwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti nhamba huru yemesophases iripo mucompound system, ine kuenderana kwakanaka. Pane chikamu chekushandura nzvimbo mukomboni system, uye ichi chikamu cheshanduko nzvimbo ine imwe yepakati reshiyo uye mhinduro yekumisikidza kutsamira. Iyo yakaderera poindi yekubuda pachena kweiyo komputa system inopindirana nechikamu chekuchinja nzvimbo yeHPMC kubva pachikamu chinoenderera kuenda kuchikamu chakapararira uye diki poindi yetensile modulus. Iyo Young's modulus uye kureba panguva yekuzorora kwakadzikira nekuwedzera kwekugadziriswa kwemhinduro, iyo yaive nehukama hwechikonzero neshanduko yeHPMC kubva pachikamu chinoenderera kuenda kuchikamu chakapararira.

Rheometer yakashandiswa kudzidza mashandiro emakemikari ekuchinja kweHPS pane rheological properties uye gel zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa reversed-phase gel compound system. Unyanzvi uye shanduko yechikamu zvakadzidzwa, uye hukama pakati pemicrostructure uye rheological uye gel zvivakwa zvakasimbiswa. Mhedzisiro yetsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti hydroxypropylation yeHPS inogona kuderedza viscosity yekomboni system pakudziya kwakadzika, kuvandudza fluidity yemusanganiswa wemhinduro, uye kuderedza chiitiko chekuveura kutetepa; iyo hydroxypropylation yeHPS inogona kupfupisa iyo linear viscosity yekomboni system. Munharaunda yakatsetseka, tembiricha yechikamu cheiyo HPMC/HPS komputa system yakaderedzwa, uye maitiro akasimba-akafanana eiyo kompani system pakudziya kwakadzika uye fluidity pakupisa kwakanyanya kunovandudzwa. HPMC neHPS inogadzira nhanho dzinoenderera pakudziya kwakaderera uye kwakakwira, zvichiteerana, uye sezvikamu zvakapararira zvinotarisa rheological zvimiro uye gel zvimiro zvecomposite system pakupisa uye kwakaderera. Zvese zviri zviviri shanduko yekukurumidza muviscosity curve yeiyo yakasanganiswa system uye tan delta peak mukurasika factor curve inoonekwa pa45 ° C, iyo inoenderana neinoenderera mberi chikamu chiitiko chakaonekwa muiyo iodine-yakasvibiswa mamicrographs pa45 ° C.

Mhedzisiro yekushandurwa kwekemikari yeHPS pane crystalline chimiro uye micro-divisional chimiro cheiyo composite firimu yakaongororwa nesynchrotron radiation diki-angle X-ray yekuparadzira tekinoroji, uye mashandiro emuchina, okisijeni barriers zvivakwa uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kweiyo composite firimu yaive. akadzidza zvakarongeka pesvedzero yemakemikari chimiro shanduko yezvikamu zvemukomboni pane iyo microstructure uye macroscopic zvimiro zvekomboni masisitimu. Mhedzisiro yemwaranzi yesynchrotron yakaratidza kuti hydroxypropylation yeHPS uye kuvandudzwa kwekuenderana kwezvikamu zviviri izvi zvinogona kumisa zvakanyanya kudzoreredzwa kwe starch mu membrane uye kukurudzira kuumbwa kweiyo yakasununguka inofanana chimiro mune inoumbwa membrane. Iwo macroscopic zvimiro senge mechanical zvimiro, kugadzikana kwekupisa uye kupenya kweokisijeni yeHPMC/HPS inoumbwa membrane inowirirana zvakanyanya neiyo yemukati crystalline chimiro uye amorphous dunhu chimiro. Iko kusanganiswa kwemaitiro maviri emhedzisiro.

Chitsauko Chekutanga Nhanganyaya

Sechikamu chakakosha chezvigadzirwa zvechikafu, zvinhu zvekurongedza chikafu zvinogona kuchengetedza chikafu kubva mukukuvara kwemuviri, makemikari uye zvipenyu uye kusvibiswa panguva yekutenderera uye kuchengetedza, kuchengetedza mhando yechikafu pachayo, kufambisa kushandiswa kwechikafu, uye kuve nechokwadi chekudya. Kuchengetedza kwenguva refu nekuchengetedza, uye kupa chimiro chekudya kukwezva kushandiswa uye kuwana kukosha kupfuura mutengo wezvinhu [1-4]. Serudzi rutsva rwechikafu chekurongedza chikafu chakachengeteka uye chinodyiwa, uye kunyange chine humwe kukosha kwekudya, firimu rinodyika rine tarisiro yakafara yekushandisa mukurongedza chikafu nekuchengetedza, chikafu chekukurumidza uye macapsules emishonga, uye yave nzvimbo yekutsvagisa muchikafu chazvino. kurongedza zvinoenderana neminda.

Mafirimu anodyiwa mafirimu ane porous network chimiro, anowanzo kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa echisikigo mapolymers. Mazhinji emapolima echisikigo aripo mune zvisikwa ane gel zvivakwa, uye mhinduro dzadzo dzemvura dzinogona kuumba mahydrogel pasi pemamwe mamiriro, senge mamwe mapolysaccharides echisikigo, mapuroteni, lipids, nezvimwe. Natural structural polysaccharides senge starch uye cellulose, nekuda kweiyo yakakosha mamorekuru chimiro cherefu-cheni helix uye yakagadzikana makemikari zvimiro, inogona kukodzera kwenguva refu uye kwakasiyana nharaunda yekuchengetera, uye yakadzidzwa zvakanyanya sezvinodyiwa zvekugadzira firimu. Mafirimu anodyika akagadzirwa kubva kune imwechete polysaccharide anowanzo ane zvimwe zvipimo mukuita. Naizvozvo, kuti ubvise miganhu yemafirimu epolysaccharide anodyiwa, tora zvivakwa zvakakosha kana kugadzira mabasa matsva, kuderedza mitengo yezvigadzirwa, uye kuwedzera maapplication avo, kazhinji marudzi maviri emapolysaccharides anoshandiswa. Kana kuti mapolysaccharides ari pamusoro apa anosanganiswa kuti awane mhedzisiro yezvivakwa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemusiyano wekuumbwa kwemamorekuru pakati pemapolymer akasiyana, pane imwe conformational entropy, uye mazhinji mapolymer complexes anoenderana kana kuti haaenderane. Iyo chikamu morphology uye kuenderana kweiyo polymer yakaoma inozotarisa zvimiro zvezvakaumbwa zvinhu. Iyo deformation uye kuyerera nhoroondo panguva yekugadzirisa ine yakakosha kukanganisa pane iyo chimiro. Naizvozvo, iyo macroscopic zvimiro senge rheological zvimiro zvepolymer yakaoma system inodzidzwa. Kudyidzana pakati pemicroscopic morphological zvimiro zvakaita sechikamu morphology uye kuenderana kwakakosha pakugadzirisa mashandiro, kuongorora uye kugadziridzwa kwezvinhu zvakaumbwa, kugadzira tekinoroji, kutungamira dhizaini uye kugadzirisa dhizaini yemuchina, uye kuongorora kugadzirwa. Kugadziriswa kwechigadzirwa uye kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvepolymer zvine kukosha kukuru.

Muchitsauko chino, mamiriro ekutsvagisa uye kufambira mberi kwekushandisa kwezvinhu zvinodyiwa zvemufirimu zvinoongororwa zvakadzama; mamiriro ekutsvagisa echisikigo hydrogels; chinangwa uye nzira yepolymer musanganiswa uye kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa kwepolysaccharide kusanganisa; iyo rheological research nzira yekubatanidza system; Iyo rheological zvivakwa uye modhi yekuvaka kweinotonhora uye inopisa reverse gel system inoongororwa uye inokurukurwa, pamwe nekukosha kwekutsvagisa, chinangwa chekutsvagisa uye kutsvagisa kweiyi bepa zvirimo.

1.1 firimu rinodyiwa

Firimu inodyiwa inoreva kuwedzera kweplasticizers uye cross-linking agents kubva pane zvakasikwa zvinodyiwa zvinhu (zvakadai sechimiro chepolysaccharides, lipids, mapuroteni), kuburikidza nekubatana kwakasiyana-siyana kwe intermolecular, kuburikidza nekubatanidza, kupisa, kuvhara, kuomesa, nezvimwewo. Firimu ine porous network. chimiro chinoumbwa nekurapa . Inogona kupa mabasa akasiyana-siyana akadai seanogona kuvharirwa zvivakwa kune gasi, hunyoro, zviri mukati uye zvekunze zvinokuvadza zvinhu, kuitira kuvandudza hunhu hwekunzwa uye chimiro chemukati chechikafu, uye kurebesa nguva yekuchengetedza kana pasherufu yehupenyu hwezvigadzirwa zvekudya.

1.1.1 Nhoroondo Yekuvandudza yeMafirimu Anodyiwa

Kuvandudzwa kwefirimu rinodyiwa kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kwe12th uye 13th century. Panguva iyoyo, maChinese akashandisa nzira iri nyore yekuisa waxi kuti apfeke citrus uye mandimu, iyo yakanyatsodzikisa kurasikirwa kwemvura mumichero nemiriwo, kuitira kuti michero nemiriwo zvichengetedze kupenya kwavo kwepakutanga, nokudaro zvichirebesa hupenyu hwesherufu yemichero uye. miriwo, asi zvakanyanya kurambidza kufema kwe aerobic kwemichero nemiriwo, zvichiita kuti muchero uore. Muzana ramakore rechi 15, vanhu vokuAsia vakanga vatotanga kugadzira firimu rinodyiwa kubva mumukaka wesoya, uye vakarishandisa kudzivirira zvokudya uye kuwedzera kuoneka kwezvokudya [20]. Muzana ramakore rechi 16, maBritish akashandisa mafuta kupfeka nzvimbo dzechikafu kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemwando wekudya. Muzana ramakore rechi 19, sucrose yakatanga kushandiswa sechinhu chinodyiwa panzungu, maarumondi uye hazelnuts kudzivirira oxidation uye rancidity panguva yekuchengetedza. Mumakore ekuma1830, mafirimu eparafini anopisa anonyunguduka akaonekwa kumichero yakaita semaapuro nemapeya. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi19, mafirimu eGelatin anopfapfaidzwa pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvenyama uye zvimwe zvekudya zvekuchengetedza chikafu. Mukutanga kwema1950, carnauba wax, nezvimwewo, yakanga yagadzirwa kuva emulsion yemafuta-mumvura yekuputira uye kuchengetedza michero nemiriwo mitsva. Mukupera kwema1950, tsvakiridzo yemafirimu anodyiwa aishandiswa kune zvigadzirwa zvenyama yakatanga kukura, uye muenzaniso wakakura uye wakabudirira ndewezvigadzirwa zveenema zvakagadziriswa kubva mumatumbo madiki emhuka kuita mabhokisi.

Kubva kuma1950s, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iyo pfungwa yefirimu rinodyiwa yakangotaurwa chaizvo. Kubva ipapo, vaongorori vazhinji vakagadzira kufarira kwakasimba mafirimu anodyiwa. Muna 1991, Nisperes yakashandisa carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) pakuputira uye kuchengetedza mabhanana nemimwe michero, kufema kwemichero kwakaderedzwa, uye kurasikirwa kwechlorophyll kwakanonoka. Park et al. muna 1994 yakashuma zvipingamupinyi zvinoshanda zvezein protein firimu kuO2 uye CO2, izvo zvakavandudza kurasikirwa kwemvura, kusvava uye kushanduka kwematomatisi. Muna 1995, Lourdin akashandisa dilute alkaline solution kurapa starch, uye akawedzera glycerin kuti apfeke mastrawberries kuti atsva, izvo zvakaderedza kuparara kwemvura kwemastrawberries uye kunonoka kuparara. Baberjee akavandudza iyo inodyiwa firimu zvinhu muna 1996 ne micro-liquefaction uye ultrasonic kurapwa kweiyo firimu-inogadzira mvura, saka chidimbu chechikamu cheiyo firimu-inogadzira mvura yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya uye homogeneous kugadzikana kwe emulsion kwakagadziridzwa. Muna 1998, Padegett et al. akawedzera lysozyme kana nisin kune soybean protein inodyiwa firimu uye akaishandisa kuputira chikafu, uye akawana kuti kukura kwelactic acid mabhakitiriya muchikafu kwakanyatso kudziviswa [30]. Muna 1999, Yin Qinghong et al. akashandisa nyuchi kugadzira firimu rekuvhara agent kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza maapuro nemimwe michero, iyo inogona kudzivisa kufema, kudzivirira kupera uye kuderedza uremu, uye inhibit microbial invasion.

Kwemakore mazhinji, mabheji ekubikira chibage ekurongedza ice cream, glutinous pepa remupunga wekurongedza zvihwitsi, uye matehwe etofu emidziyo yenyama akajairika kurongedza. Asi kushandiswa kwekutengesa kwemafirimu anodyika kwakanga kusipo muna 1967, uye kunyange kuchengetedza michero yakavharwa newakisi kwaive nekushandiswa kushoma kwekutengeserana. Kusvika 1986, makambani mashoma akatanga kupa zvigadzirwa zvemafirimu anodyiwa, uye pakazosvika 1996, huwandu hwemakambani emafirimu anodyiwa hwakange hwakura kusvika pamakumi matanhatu. mari yegore negore inodarika zana remamiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica.

1.1.2 Hunhu nemhando dzemafirimu anodyika

Maererano nekutsvakurudza kwakakodzera, firimu rinodyika rine zvinotevera zvakanakira: firimu rinodyiwa rinogona kudzivirira kuderera uye kuparara kwehutano hwekudya kunokonzerwa nekufamba-famba kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya; zvimwe zvinodyiwa zvemufirimu zvikamu ivo pachavo zvine kukosha kwekudya kwakakosha uye Hutano hwekutarisira basa; firimu rinodyika rine sarudzo yekudzivirira zvivakwa kune CO2, O2 uye mamwe magasi; firimu rinodyiwa rinogona kushandiswa microwave, kubika, zvokudya zvakakangwa uye mushonga firimu uye coating; firimu rinodyiwa rinogona kushandiswa se antioxidants uye zvinochengetedza uye zvimwe zvinotakura, nokudaro zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yezvokudya; firimu rinodyika rinogona kushandiswa semutakuri wemavara uye zvinovaka muviri zvigadziriso, nezvimwewo, kuvandudza chikafu chekudya uye kugadzirisa chikafu chekunzwa; firimu rinodyiwa rakachengeteka uye rinodyiwa, uye rinogona kudyiwa pamwe chete nechikafu; Mafirimu ekurongedza anogona kushandiswa kurongedza zvidiki kana mayunitsi echikafu, uye kugadzira akawanda-layer composite kurongedza nezvinhu zvechinyakare zvekurongedza, izvo zvinovandudza kuita kwese kuvharidzira kuita kwezvinhu zvekurongedza.

Chikonzero nei mabhaisikopo ekuputira anodyika aine zviri pamusoro anoshanda zvivakwa zvinonyanya kuenderana nekuumbwa kweimwe matatu-dimensional network chimiro mukati mavo, zvichiratidza humwe simba uye zvipingamupinyi zvivakwa. Izvo zvinoshanda zveiyo inodyika yekurongedza firimu inokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemidziyo yezvikamu zvayo, uye dhigirii remukati wepolymer crosslinking, kufanana uye kuwanda kweiyo network chimiro zvinokanganiswawo neakasiyana ekugadzira firimu maitiro. Pane misiyano iri pachena mukuita [15, 35]. Mafirimu anodyiwa anewo zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sekunyungudika, ruvara, kujeka, nezvimwe. Zvinokodzera zvinodyiwa zvemafirimu ekurongedza zvinhu zvinogona kusarudzwa zvinoenderana neyakasiyana mashandisirwo nharaunda uye mutsauko wezvinhu zvechigadzirwa zvichaiswa.

Maererano nekugadzira nzira yefirimu inodyiwa, inogona kukamurwa kuva mafirimu uye machira: (1) Mafirimu akagadzirirwa akagadzirirwa anowanzonzi mafirimu . (2) Mutsetse wakatetepa wakaumbwa pamusoro pechikafu nenzira yekunamatidza, kunyudza, uye kupfapfaidza kunonzi kukoira . Mafirimu anonyanya kushandiswa pazvikafu zvine zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoda kurongedzwa zvega (senge mapaketi ekurunga uye mapaketi emafuta mune zvekudya zviri nyore), chikafu chine chinhu chimwe chete asi chinoda kurongedzerwa zvakasiyana (senge mapaketi madiki ekofi, hupfu hwemukaka, nezvimwewo), uye mishonga kana zvigadzirwa zvehutano. Capsule zvinhu; kupfekedza kunonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza chikafu chitsva semichero nemiriwo, zvigadzirwa zvenyama, kupfekedzwa kwezvinodhaka uye kuungana kweanodzorwa-kuburitswa microcapsules.

Zvinoenderana nefirimu-inogadzira zvinhu zveinodyika yekurongedza firimu, inogona kukamurwa kuita: polysaccharide inodyiwa firimu, mapuroteni anodyiwa firimu, lipid inodyiwa firimu, diki diki firimu rinodyiwa uye rinosanganiswa firimu.

1.1.3 Kushandiswa kwefirimu rinodyiwa

Serudzi rutsva rwezvinhu zvekurongedza chikafu zvakachengeteka uye zvinodyiwa, uye kunyange zvine humwe hutano, firimu rinodyiwa rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekurongedza chikafu, munda wemishonga, kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza michero nemiriwo, kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza. yenyama nezvinogadzirwa mumvura, kugadzirwa kwechikafu chekukurumidza, nekugadzirwa kwemafuta. Iine tarisiro yakafara yekushandiswa mukuchengetedzwa kwezvikafu zvakaita semapipi akabikwa akabikwa.

1.1.3.1 Kushandiswa mukurongedza chikafu

Mushonga wekugadzira firimu wakavharwa pachikafu chinoputirwa nekupfapfaidza, kubhurasha, kunyura, nezvimwewo, kudzivirira kupinda kwehunyoro, okisijeni uye zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira, izvo zvinogona kunyatso kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwekurongedza uye kuderedza huwandu hwematanho ekurongedza. ; kuderedza zvakanyanya chikamu chekunze chekudya Iko kuoma kwezvikamu zvepurasitiki kurongedza kunobatsira kudzokorodza kwayo nekugadzirisa, uye kunoderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza; iyo inoshandiswa kune yakaparadzana yakarongedza yezvimwe zvikamu zve-multi-component yakaoma yezvokudya kuderedza kutama-famba pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana, nokudaro kuderedza kusvibiswa kune zvakatipoteredza. Deredza kuparara kwechikafu kana kudzikira kwemhando yezvokudya. Iyo firimu inodyika inogadziriswa yakananga mumapepa ekurongedza kana mabhegi ekurongedza ekudya kurongedza, izvo kwete chete kuwana chengetedzo, kuchena uye nyore, asi zvakare inoderedza kudzvanywa kwekusvibiswa chena pane zvakatipoteredza.

Uchishandisa chibage, soya bhinzi uye gorosi sezvinhu zvikuru zvekushandisa, mapepa-sezviyo mafirimu anogona kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kurongedza masoseji uye zvimwe zvekudya. Mushure mekushandiswa, kunyangwe dzikaraswa munzvimbo yechisikigo, inoodza uye inogona kushandurwa kuita fetiraiza yevhu kuvandudza ivhu. . Kushandisa starch, chitosan uye bhinzi dregs sechinhu chikuru, pepa rekuputira rinodyiwa rinogona kugadzirirwa kurongedza chikafu chinokurumidza senge kukurumidza-chikafu noodles uye French fries, iyo iri nyore, yakachengeteka uye yakakurumbira kwazvo; anoshandiswa pakurunga mapaketi, soups yakasimba Kurongedza kwezvikafu zviri nyore senge mbichana, zvinogona kubikwa zvakananga mupoto kana ikashandiswa, zvinogona kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwekudya, kuwedzera kudya kunovaka muviri, uye kufambisa kuchenesa. Avocado yakaomeswa, mbatatisi, uye mupunga wakaputsika zvinoviriswa uye zvinoshandurwa kuita mapolysaccharides, ayo anogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvinodyiwa zvemukati zvekurongedza zvisina ruvara uye zviri pachena, zvine zvakanaka zvipingamupinyi zveokisijeni uye zvivakwa zvemuchina, uye zvinoshandiswa kurongedza hupfu hwemukaka. , saladhi mafuta uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa [19]. Zvechikafu zvemauto, mushure mekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa, iyo yechinyakare purasitiki yekurongedza zvinhu inoraswa munharaunda uye inova chiratidzo chekutevera muvengi, izvo zviri nyore kuburitsa pachena. Mune akawanda-zvikamu zvakakosha zvekudya senge pizza, keke, ketchup, ice cream, yoghurt, makeke uye madhiri, epurasitiki yekurongedza zvinhu hazvigone kuwedzerwa zvakananga kushandiswa, uye inodyika yekurongedza firimu inoratidza zvayakanakira zvakasarudzika, izvo zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwemapoka Fractional. kutama kwezvinhu zvinonaka kunovandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye aesthetics [21]. Inodible yekurongedza firimu inogona kushandiswa mune microwave chikafu kugadzirisa yebatter system. Zvigadzirwa zvenyama, miriwo, chizi uye michero zvakafanorongedzerwa nekupfapfaidza, kunyura kana kubhurasha, nezvimwewo, yakaomeswa nechando uye yakachengetwa, uye inongoda chete microwaved kuti ishandiswe.

Kunyangwe mapepa emabhegi emabhegi mashoma ekutengesa uye mabhegi aripo, patents mazhinji akanyoreswa pakugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinogona kudyiwa zvekurongedza. Vakuru vezvechikafu vekuFrance vakatendera bhegi rekurongedza rakagadzirwa neindasitiri rinonzi "SOLUPAN", iro rinoumbwa nehydroxypropyl methylcellulose, starch uye sodium sorbate, uye rinowanikwa mukutengesa.

1.1.3.2 Kushandiswa muMushonga

Gelatin, cellulose derivatives, starch uye edible gum inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinyoro uye zvakaoma capsule shells emishonga uye zvigadzirwa zvehutano, izvo zvinogona kunyatsoita kuti zvive nechokwadi chekushanda kwemishonga uye zvigadzirwa zvehutano, uye zvakachengeteka uye zvinodyiwa; mimwe mishonga ine muzvarirwo kuvava, izvo zvakaoma kushandiswa nevarwere. Mafirimu anogamuchirwa, anodyiwa anogona kushandiswa sekuravira-masking coatings yemishonga yakadaro; mamwe enteric polymer polymers haanyungudike mudumbu (pH 1.2) nharaunda, asi inonyungudika mudumbu (pH 6.8) nharaunda uye inogona kushandiswa mu intestinal Sustained-release drug coating; inogonawo kushandiswa semutakuri wemishonga inonangwa.

Blanco-Fernandez et al. akagadzira chitosan acetylated monoglyceride composite firimu uye akaishandisa kuti irambe ichisunungurwa ye antioxidant basa revhitamini E, uye mhedzisiro yacho yaive inoshamisa. Yenguva refu antioxidant kurongedza zvinhu. Zhang et al. yakasanganiswa starch negelatin, yakawedzera polyethylene glycol plasticizer, uye yakashandiswa yechinyakare. Iwo magomba akaoma capsules akagadzirwa nekunyudza maitiro eiyo composite firimu, uye pachena, mechanical properties, hydrophilic properties uye phase morphology yecomposite firimu zvakadzidzwa. yakanaka capsule zvinhu [52]. Lal et al. akagadzira kafirin mujasi rinodyika rejasi remukati reparacetamol capsules, uye akadzidza ma mechanical properties, thermal properties, barriers properties uye zvinodhaka zvinobudiswa zvefirimu rinodyiwa. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti kupfekedzwa kwemhunga Yakasiyana-siyana yakaoma capsules yegliadin film haina kuputsika mudumbu, asi yakabudisa mushonga muura pa pH 6.8. Paik et al. yakagadzirira HPMC phthalate particles yakaputirwa indomethacin, uye yakapfapfaidza iyo inodyiwa yefirimu-inogadzira mvura yeHPMC pamusoro pezvimedu zvemushonga, uye kudzidza chiyero chekupinzwa kwemishonga, avhareji saizi yezvikamu zvemishonga, firimu rinodyiwa mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti iyo HPMCN-yakavharwa. indomethacin oral drug inogona kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuvharisa kuravira kwemushonga uye kunanga kuendeswa kwezvinodhaka. Oladzadabbasabadi et al. yakasanganiswa yakagadziridzwa sago starch ine carrageenan kugadzirira inodyiwa inoumbwa firimu sechinotsiva echinyakare gelatin capsules, uye akadzidza kuomesa kwayo kinetics, thermomechanical properties, physicochemical properties uye zvipingamupinyi zvinhu, Migumisiro inoratidza kuti inosanganiswa firimu ine zvinhu zvakafanana negelatin uye inogona. kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga capsules.

1.1.3.3 Kushandiswa mukuchengetedza michero nemiriwo

Mumichero nemiriwo mitsva mushure mekunhonga, biochemical reactions uye kufema kuchiri kuenderera mberi nesimba, izvo zvinomhanyisa kukuvadzwa kwematishu emichero nemiriwo, uye zviri nyore kukonzera kurasikirwa kwemwando mumichero nemiriwo pakupisa kwekamuri, zvichikonzera kunaka kwemukati matishu uye hunhu hwemichero nemiriwo. kuderedza. Nokudaro, kuchengetedza kwakava nyaya inonyanya kukosha mukuchengetedza uye kutakura michero nemiriwo; Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuchengetedza dzine mhedzisiro yakaipa uye inodhura. Kuchengetedza kuchengetedza michero nemiriwo parizvino ndiyo nzira inoshanda kwazvo mukuchengetedza tembiricha yekamuri. Iyo inodyika firimu-inogadzira mvura yakavharwa pamusoro pemichero nemiriwo, iyo inogona kunyatso kudzivirira kupinda kwehutachiona, kuderedza kufema, kurasikirwa kwemvura uye kurasikirwa kwekudya kwemichero nemichero yemiriwo, kunonoka kuchembera kwemuviri kwemichero nemiriwo tishu, uye chengeta michero nemiriwo tishu Iyo yepakutanga yakakora uye yakatsetseka. Chitarisiko chinopenya, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekuchengeta kutsva uye kurebesa nguva yekuchengetedza. Vanhu vekuAmerica vanoshandisa acetyl monoglyceride uye cheese yakabviswa mumafuta emiriwo sechinhu chikuru chekugadzira firimu rinodyiwa, uye vanoishandisa kucheka michero nemiriwo kuti zvirambe zviri zvitsva, kudzivirira kupera simba kwemvura, kusviba uye kupinda kwehutachiona, kuitira kuti igone kuchengetedzwa kwenguva refu. nguva refu. Fresh state . Japan inoshandisa marara sirika seyakabikwa kugadzira mbatatisi-inochengeta firimu, iyo inogona kuita yekuchengeta mhedzisiro yakafanana neyekuchengetera kutonhora. Vanhu vekuAmerica vanoshandisa mafuta emiriwo nemichero sechinhu chikuru chekushandisa kugadzira mvura yekuputira, uye vanochengeta muchero wakachekwa uri mutsva, uye vakaona kuti kuchengetedza kwakanaka.

Marquez et al. akashandisa whey protein uye pectin semidziyo yakabikwa, uye akawedzera glutaminase yekuyambuka-kubatanidza kugadzira firimu rinodyiwa rinosanganiswa, iro raishandiswa kupfekedza maapuro, matomatisi uye makarotsi, izvo zvinogona kuderedza uremu zvakanyanya. , inodzivisa kukura kwema microorganisms pamusoro pemichero nemiriwo mitsva-yakachekwa, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwepasherufu pamusana pekuchengetedza kuravira uye kunakidza kwemichero nemiriwo mitsva. Shi Lei et al. mazambiringa matsvuku eglobe ane chitosan anodyika firimu, anogona kuderedza uremu uye mwero wekuora wemazambiringa, kuchengetedza ruvara uye kupenya kwemazambiringa, uye kunonoka kuparara kwezvinhu zvinonyungudika. Kushandisa chitosan, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose uye polyacrylate seyakagadzirwa, Liu et al. akagadzirirwa mafirimu anodyiwa ne multilayer coating kuitira kutsva-kuchengeta michero nemiriwo, uye akadzidza morphology yavo, kunyungudika kwemvura, nezvimwewo. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan-glycerol composite film yaiva nepamusoro pekuchengetedza maitiro. Sun Qingshen et al. akadzidza firimu inosanganiswa ye soybean protein isolate, iyo inoshandiswa kuchengetedza sitiroberi, iyo inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuputika kwemastrawberries, inhibisa kufema kwavo, uye kuderedza chiyero chemichero yakaora . Ferreira et al. akashandisa muchero nemiriwo zvakasara poda uye mbatatisi peel poda kugadzira inosanganiswa firimu, akadzidza kunyungudika kwemvura uye michina yemhando yefirimu inoumbwa, uye yakashandisa nzira yekuputira kuchengetedza hawthorn. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti hupenyu hwesherufu hwehawthorn hwakareba. 50%, kuderera kwehuremu kwakaderera ne30-57%, uye organic acid uye mwando hazvina kuchinja zvakanyanya. Fu Xiaowei et al. akadzidza kuchengetedzwa kwepepper nyowani nechitosan edible film, uye mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kufema kwepepper nyowani panguva yekuchengetedza uye kunonoka kuchembera kwepepper. Navarro-Tarazaga et al. akashandisa nyuchi-yakagadziridzwa HPMC inodyiwa firimu kuchengetedza plums. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti wakisi inogona kuvandudza mweya weokisijeni uye hunyoro hunodzivirira uye michina yemafirimu eHPMC. Kurema kwekureruka kweplums kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, kunyorova uye kubuda ropa kwechibereko panguva yekuchengetedza kwakagadziridzwa, uye nguva yekuchengetedza yeplums yakawedzera nguva . Tang Liying et al. yakashandisa shellac alkali mhinduro mukugadziridza starch, yakagadzirira inodyiwa yekurongedza firimu, uye yakadzidza maitiro ayo emufirimu; panguva imwe chete, kushandisa kwayo firimu-kuumba mvura kupfekedza mango kuitira kutsva kunogona kunyatso kuderedza kufema Inogona kudzivirira kuitika kwebrowning panguva yekuchengetedza, kuderedza uremu uye kuwedzera nguva yekuchengetedza.

1.1.3.4 Kushandiswa mukugadzirisa nekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvenyama

Zvigadzirwa zvenyama zvine chikafu chakapfuma uye basa remvura yakakwira zvinopindirwa nyore nyore nema microorganisms mukugadzirisa, kutakura, kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa, zvichikonzera kusviba kwemavara uye mafuta oxidation uye kumwe kuparara. Kuti uwedzere nguva yekuchengetedza uye hupenyu hwesherufu yezvigadzirwa zvenyama, zvinodikanwa kuedza kuvharidzira basa rema enzymes muzvigadzirwa zvenyama uye kupinda kwema microorganisms pamusoro, uye kudzivirira kuparara kwemavara uye kunhuwa kunokonzerwa nemafuta oxidation. Parizvino, kuchengetedzwa kwemafirimu anodyiwa ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza nyama kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Kuchienzanisa nemaitiro echinyakare, zvinoonekwa kuti kupinda kwekunze tupukanana, iyo oxidative rancidity yemafuta uye kurasikirwa kwejusi yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvenyama zvakaputirwa mufirimu rinodyiwa, uye mhando yezvigadzirwa zvenyama yakavandudzwa zvakanyanya. Sherufu yehupenyu inowedzerwa.

Tsvagiridzo yefirimu rinodyiwa rezvigadzirwa zvenyama yakatanga mukupera kwema1950, uye nyaya yakanyanyobudirira yekushandisa yaive collagen inodyika firimu, iro rakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira masoseji uye kugadzirisa. Emiroglu et al. akawedzera sesame mafuta kune soybean protein inodyiwa firimu kugadzira antibacterial firimu, uye akadzidza maitiro ayo antibacterial panyama yemombe yakaomeswa. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti firimu inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kudzivisa zvakanyanya kubereka uye kukura kweStaphylococcus aureus. Wook et al. akagadzira proanthocyanidin inodyiwa firimu uye akaishandisa kupfeka firiji yenguruve kuti ive nyowani. Iyo ruvara, pH, TVB-N kukosha, thiobarbituric acid uye microbial count yenguruve chops mushure mekuchengetedza kwemazuva gumi nemana yakadzidzwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti firimu rinodyiwa reproanthocyanidins rinogona kunyatso kudzikisa kuumbwa kwetiobarbituric acid, kudzivirira kuparara kwemafuta acid, kuderedza kupindira uye kuberekana kwema microorganisms pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvenyama, kuvandudza kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvenyama, uye kurebesa nguva yekuchengetedza uye. sherufu upenyu . Jiang Shaotong et al. akawedzera tii polyphenols uye allicin kune starch-sodium alginate composite membrane solution, uye akazvishandisa kuchengetedza kutsva kwenguruve yakatonhora, iyo inogona kuchengetwa pa 0-4 ° C kwemazuva anopfuura 19. Cartagena et al. yakashuma iyo antibacterial mhedzisiro ye collagen inodyiwa firimu yakawedzerwa ne nisin antimicrobial agent pakuchengetedza nyama yenguruve zvimedu, zvichiratidza kuti collagen inodyiwa firimu inogona kuderedza kutama kwehunyoro hwefiriji yenguruve zvimedu, kunonoka kuwanda kwezvigadzirwa zvenyama, uye kuwedzera 2 Iyo collagen firimu ne% nisin yaive neyakanakisa kuchengetedza . Wang Rui et al. akadzidza kuchinja kwesodium alginate, chitosan uye carboxymethyl fiber kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kuongorora kwepH, inoputika base nitrogen, tsvuku uye nhamba yose yemakoloni emombe mukati memazuva gumi nematanhatu ekuchengetedza. Iwo matatu marudzi emafirimu anodyiwa e sodium vitamin akashandiswa kuchengetedza kutsva kwenyama yemombe yakagochwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti firimu rinodyiwa resodium alginate raive neakanakisa kuchengetedza mhedzisiro. Caprioli et al. akaputira zamu reTurkey rakabikwa nesodium caseinate inodyika firimu uye ndokuisa mufiriji pa4 °C. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti iyo sodium caseinate inodyiwa firimu inogona kuderedza nyama yeTurkey panguva yefiriji. kupenga .

1.1.3.5 Kushandiswa mukuchengetedza zvinhu zvinogadzirwa mumvura

Kudzikira kwemhando yezvigadzirwa zvemumvura kunonyanya kuratidzwa mukuderedzwa kwehunyoro hwemahara, kuderera kwekunaka uye kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chemvura. Kuora kwezvigadzirwa zvemumvura, oxidation, denaturation uye kushandiswa kwakaoma kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona zvese zvakakosha zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwesherufu yezvigadzirwa zvemumvura. Chengetedzo yechando inzira yakajairika yekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvemumvura, asi pachave zvakare nemwero wekuparara kwemhando mukuita, izvo zvakanyanya kuoma kuhove dzemvura yakachena.

Iyo inodyika firimu kuchengetedza yezvigadzirwa zvemumvura yakatanga mukupera kwema1970 uye iko zvino yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Firimu rinodyika rinogona kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvemvura zvakaomeswa nechando, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura, uye zvakare inogona kusanganiswa ne antioxidants kudzivirira mafuta oxidation, nekudaro kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu uye hupenyu hwesherufu. Meenatchisundaram et al. akagadzira starch-based composite inodyika firimu vachishandisa starch sematrix uye akawedzera zvinonhuwira zvakadai sevhavha nesinamoni, uye akaishandisa kuchengetedza shrimp chena. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti firimu resitashi rinodyiwa rinogona kuvharisa kukura kweutachiona, kunonoka kuokisisa kwemafuta, kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yefiriji shrimp chena pa10 ° C uye 4 ° C yaive yakareba semazuva gumi nemana negumi nemaviri, zvichiteerana . Cheng Yuanyuan nevamwe vakadzidza kuchengetedza kwepululan solution uye vakaita hove dzemvura yakachena. Kuchengetedza kunogona kudzikamisa kukura kweutachiona, kudzikamisa oxidation yeprotein yehove nemafuta, uye kuve nekuchengetedza kwakanyanya. Yunus et al. yakavharwa murarabungu trout negelatin inodyika firimu kwakawedzerwa bay leaf akakosha oiri, uye akadzidza maitiro ekuchengetedza mufiriji pa4 ° C. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti firimu rinodyiwa regelatin raishanda mukuchengetedza kunaka kwemurarabungu kwemazuva anosvika makumi maviri nemaviri. kwenguva refu . Wang Siwei et al. yakashandisa sodium alginate, chitosan uye CMC sezvinhu zvikuru, yakawedzera stearic asidhi kugadzira inodyika firimu mvura, uye yakaishandisa kupfekedza Penaeus vannamei kutsva. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti firimu rinosanganiswa reCMC uye chitosan Mushonga une simba rekuchengetedza uye unogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu nemazuva maviri. Yang Shengping nevamwe vakashandisa chitosan-tea polyphenol edible firimu refiriji uye kuchengetedza kwebvudzi nyowani, iro rinogona kuvharidzira kuberekana kwebhakitiriya pamusoro pemuswe webvudzi, kunonoka kuumbwa kweavhuvhu hydrochloric acid, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu hwebvudzi kusvika. anenge mazuva gumi nemaviri .

1.1.3.6 Kushandiswa muchikafu chakakangwa

Chikafu chakadzika chakakangwa chikafu chakakurumbira chakagadzirira-kudya chine goho rakakura. Iyo yakaputirwa ne polysaccharide uye protein inodyiwa firimu, iyo inogona kudzivirira kushanduka kwemavara echikafu panguva yekufinya uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta. kupinda kweokisijeni uye unyoro [80]. Kuputira chikafu chakakangwa negellan gum kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta ne35% -63%, senge pakukangwa sashimi, inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta ne63%; kana uchikacha mbatatisi machipisi, inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta ne35% -63%. Kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta ne60%, nezvimwewo [81].

Singhong et al. akagadzira mafirimu anodyiwa epolysaccharides akadai sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose uye pectin, ayo akashandiswa kupfekedza mabhanana akakangwa mitsetse, uye akadzidza mwero wekunyudzwa kwemafuta mushure mekukangwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti pectin uye carboxyl Mabhanana akakangwa akaputirwa nemethylcellulose airatidza kunaka kwekunzwa, pakati peiyo pectin inodyiwa firimu yaive nemhedzisiro yakanakisa pakudzikisa kunyudzwa kwemafuta [82]. Holownia et al. yakavharwa HPMC uye MC mafirimu pamusoro peakakangwa huku fillet kuti adzidze shanduko mukushandiswa kwemafuta, emahara fatty acid yemukati uye kukosha kweruvara mumafuta ekukangwa. Pre-coating inogona kuderedza kunyura kwemafuta uye kugadzirisa hupenyu hwemafuta [83]. Sheng Meixiang et al. akagadzira mafirimu anodyika eCMC, chitosan uye soyabean protein isolate, akaputirwa mbatatisi machipisi, uye akakangwa pakushisa kwakanyanya kuti adzidze kunyura kwemafuta, zvemukati memvura, ruvara, acrylamide zvemukati uye hunhu hwekunzwa hwembatatisi machipisi. , mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti soya bean protein yega inodyika firimu ine basa rakakura mukuderedza kudyiwa kwemafuta kwemachipisi akakangwa, uye firimu rechitosan rinodyika rine mhedzisiro iri nani pakudzikisa acrylamide content [84]. Salvador et al. yakavhara pamusoro pezvindori zvakakangwa zvesquid negorosi starch, modified corn starch, dextrin uye gluten, iyo inogona kuvandudza kupenya kwezvindori zve squid uye kuderedza kunyura kwemafuta [85].

1.1.3.7 Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa

Firimu inodyika inogona kushandiswa seyakapfava yakapfava yekuvandudza kutaridzika kwezvinhu zvakabikwa; inogona kushandiswa sechipingamupinyi kune unyoro, okisijeni, girisi, nezvimwewo kuvandudza hupenyu hwesherufu hwezvinhu zvakabikwa, semuenzaniso, chitosan edible firimu rinoshandiswa kupfekedza chingwa chepamusoro Inogona zvakare kushandiswa seanonamatira kune crisp snacks uye snacks, semuenzaniso, nzungu dzakakangwa dzinowanzo kuputirwa nemanamira kuti apfeke munyu uye zvinonhuwira [87].

Christos et al. akagadzira mafirimu anodyiwa e-sodium alginate uye whey protein uye akaaputira pamusoro peLactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic chingwa. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti chiyero chekupona kweprobiotics chakavandudzwa zvakanyanya, asi marudzi maviri echingwa akaratidza Digestive nzira dzakafanana, saka kupfekedzwa kwefirimu inodyiwa hakuchinje maitiro, kunaka uye thermophysical zvinhu zvechingwa [88]. Panuwat et al. yakawedzera Indian gooseberry yakabudiswa mumethyl cellulose matrix kugadzira firimu rinodyika rinosanganiswa, uye rakashandisa kuchengetedza kutsva kwecashews yakagochwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti iyo inosanganiswa firimu inodyiwa yaigona kuvharisa macashews akagochwa panguva yekuchengetedza. Hunhu hwakadzikira uye hupenyu hwesherufu hwemacashews akagochwa hwakawedzerwa nemazuva anosvika makumi mapfumbamwe [89]. Schou et al. yakagadzira firimu rakajeka uye rinochinjika rinodyiwa nesodium kaseinate uye glycerin, uye akadzidza maitiro ayo emuchina, kupenya kwemvura uye kurongedza kwayo pazvimedu zvechingwa zvakabikwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti firimu rinodyiwa resodium caseinate yakaputirwa chingwa chakabikwa. Mushure mekudya, kuoma kwayo kunogona kudzikiswa mukati me6 h yekuchengetedza patembiricha yekamuri [90]. Du et al. yakashandisa apuro-based edible film uye tomato-based edible film yakawedzerwa nechirimwa mafuta anokosha kuputira huku yakagochwa, iyo isina kungodzivisa kukura kwema microorganisms isati yagocha huku, asiwo yakasimbisa kunaka kwehuku mushure mekugocha [91]. Javanmard et al. akagadzira firimu rinodyiwa regorosi starch uye akarishandisa kuputira yakabikwa pistachio kernels. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti iyo inodyiwa starch firimu inogona kudzivirira iyo oxidative rancidity yenzungu, kuvandudza kunaka kwenzungu, uye kurebesa hupenyu hwadzo [92]. Majid et al. yakashandisa whey protein inodyika firimu kupfeka nzungu dzakakangwa, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera okisijeni chipingamupinyi, kuderedza nzungu rancidity, kunatsiridza yakakangwa peanut brittleness, uye kurebesa nguva yayo yekuchengetedza [93].

1.1.3.8 Kushandiswa mune zvigadzirwa zvekofi

Indasitiri yezvihwitsi ine zvakakwirira zvinodikanwa pakuparadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinoshanduka, saka chokoreti nemahwindi ane nzvimbo yakakwenenzverwa, zvinodikanwa kushandisa mafirimu anonyungudika nemvura anodyika kutsiva mvura yekuputira ine zvinhu zvinoputika. Iyo inodyiwa yekurongedza firimu inogona kuumba yakatsetseka inodzivirira firimu pamusoro pe candy kuderedza kutama kweokisijeni uye mwando [19]. Kushandiswa kwemafirimu eprotein ewhey mune confectionery kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kupararira kwezvikamu zvayo zvinoputika. Kana chokoreti ichishandiswa kuvhara chikafu chine mafuta senge makuki uye nzungu ruomba, oiri inotamira kune yekunze dhizaini, ichiita kuti chokoreti inamire uye ichikonzera "reverse frost" chiitiko, asi zvinhu zvemukati zvinooma, zvichikonzera kuchinja mukunaka kwayo. Kuwedzera dhizaini yemafirimu ekurongedza zvinhu zvine girizi barrier basa kunogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri [94].

Nelson nevamwe. yakashandisa methylcellulose inodyika firimu kuti ipfeke zvihwitsi zvine akawanda lipids uye yakaratidza yakaderera lipid permeability, nekudaro ichidzivirira kutonhora kwechando muchokoreti [95]. Meyers akashandisa hydrogel-wax bilayer firimu rinodyiwa kutsenga chingamu, iyo inogona kuvandudza kunamatira kwayo, kuderedza kushanduka kwemvura, uye kurebesa hupenyu hwayo pasherufu [21]. Mvura yakagadzirwa naFadini et al. Decollagen-cocoa bhotela inodyika inoumbwa firimu yakadzidzwa kune yayo mechaniki zvimiro uye kupenya kwemvura, uye yakashandiswa seyakaputira zvigadzirwa zvechokoreti nemhedzisiro yakanaka [96].

1.1.4 Mafirimu Anodyiwa ane Cellulose

Cellulose-based edible firimu imhando yefirimu rinodyiwa rakagadzirwa kubva kune yakanyanya kuwanda selulosi uye zvinobva zvaro mumasikirwo seyakanyanya mbishi zvinhu. Cellulose-based edible firimu harinhuhwi uye harinakidze, uye rine simba rakanaka remuchina, mafuta anodzivirira zvivakwa, kujeka, kuchinjika uye yakanaka gasi inodzivirira zvivakwa. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo hydrophilic chimiro che cellulose, kushorwa kweselulosi-based edible firimu ndeyeMvura kuita kunowanzo kuve kwakashata [82, 97-99].

Iyo cellulose-yakavakirwa inodyika firimu yakagadzirwa nemarara mukugadzirwa kweindasitiri yechikafu inogona kuwana inodyiwa yekurongedza mafirimu nekuita kwakanaka, uye inogona kushandisa zvakare zvinhu zvinorasa kuwedzera kukosha kwakawedzerwa kwezvigadzirwa. Ferreira et al. yakasanganiswa michero nemiriwo yakasara poda nembatatisi peel poda kugadzirira cellulose-based edible composite firimu, ndokuiisa pakuputira hawthorn kuchengetedza kutsva, uye yakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka [62]. Tan Huizi et al. akashandisa faibha yekudya yakabviswa kubva mubhinzi sechinhu chepasi uye yakawedzera imwe yakawanda yekukora kugadzira firimu rinodyika resoya bean fiber, ine yakanaka michina zvivakwa uye zvipingamupinyi zvinhu [100], iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kurongedza Kukurumidza chikafu noodle mwaka. , zviri nyore uye zvinovaka muviri kunyungudutsa zvinhu pasuru zvakananga mumvura inopisa.

Mvura-soluble cellulose derivatives, yakadai semethyl cellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), inogona kuumba inoenderera mberi matrix uye inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemafirimu anodyika nekutsvaga. Xiao Naiyu et al. yakashandisa MC seyakanyanya firimu-inogadzira substrate, yakawedzera polyethylene glycol uye calcium chloride uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekubatsira, yakagadzirira MC inodyiwa firimu nenzira yekukanda, uye yakaisa pakuchengetedza olecranon, iyo inogona kurebesa muromo weolecranon. Sherufu yehupenyu hwepichisi ndeye 4.5 mazuva [101]. Esmaeili et al. yakagadzirira MC inodyika firimu nekukandira uye kuriisa kune yekuputira yechirimwa yakakosha mafuta microcapsules. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti MC firimu ine yakanaka-kuvharira mhedzisiro uye inogona kushandiswa pakurongedza chikafu kudzivirira mafuta acid kuparara [102]. Tian et al. yakagadziridzwa MC mafirimu anodyiwa ane stearic acid uye unsaturated fatty acids, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza mvura-inovharira zvimiro zveMC zvinodyiwa mafirimu [103]. Lai Fengying et al. akadzidza mhedzisiro yemhando yekunyungudutsa pane iyo firimu-inogadzira nzira yeMC inodyiwa firimu uye iyo inovharira zvivakwa uye mechanical zvimiro zveinodyika firimu [104].

CMC membranes ine zvakanaka zvipingamupinyi zvivakwa kuO2, CO2 nemafuta, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekudya nemishonga [99]. Bifani et al. akagadzirira CMC membranes uye akadzidza maitiro emashizha ezvinyorwa pamvura inodzivirira zvivakwa uye gasi barriers zvimiro zve membranes. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kwemashizha akatorwa kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mwando uye okisijeni zvipingamupinyi zve membrane, asi kwete ye CO2. Izvo zvipingamupinyi zvivakwa zvine chekuita nekusungwa kweiyo yakatorwa [105]. de Moura et al. akagadzirira chitosan nanoparticles akasimbisa CMC mafirimu, uye akadzidza kugadzikana kwekupisa, michina zvivakwa uye kunyungudika kwemvura kwemafirimu anoumbwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti chitosan nanoparticles inogona kunyatso kuvandudza ma mechanic zvivakwa uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kwemafirimu eCMC. Dzebonde [98]. Ghanbarzadeh et al. akagadzirira CMC anodyika mafirimu uye akadzidza mhedzisiro yeglycerol uye oleic acid pane physicochemical zvimiro zveCMC mafirimu. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti zvipingamupinyi zvemafirimu zvakavandudzwa zvakanyanya, asi michina yemagetsi uye kujeka kwakadzikira [99]. Cheng et al. akagadzira carboxymethyl cellulose-konjac glucomannan edible composite firimu, uye akadzidza maitiro emafuta emichindwe pane physicochemical properties yecomposite firimu. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti diki lipid microspheres inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya iyo inoumbwa firimu. Iyo yepamusoro hydrophobicity uye curvature yemvura molecule permeation channel inogona kuvandudza hunyoro hunodzivirira kushanda kwe membrane [106].

HPMC ine zvinhu zvakanaka zvekugadzira firimu, uye firimu rayo rinoshanduka, rakajeka, risina ruvara uye harina kunhuhwirira, uye rine maitiro akanaka ekudzivirira mafuta, asi maitiro ayo emagetsi uye kuvhara mvura kunoda kuvandudzwa. Chidzidzo chakaitwa naZuniga et al. yakaratidza kuti iyo yekutanga microstructure uye kugadzikana kweHPMC film-forming solution inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya pamusoro uye mukati mechimiro chemufirimu, uye nzira iyo madonhwe emafuta anopinda panguva yekuumbwa kwechimiro chemufirimu anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kufambiswa kwechiedza uye basa repamusoro remufirimu. film. Kuwedzerwa kwemumiririri kunogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwemugadziri wekugadzira firimu, iyo inokanganisa chimiro chepamusoro uye optical properties yefirimu, asi maitiro emagetsi uye kupera kwemhepo hazvina kuderedzwa [107]. Klangmuang et al. yakashandisa ivhu rakagadziridzwa nenyuchi kusimudzira nekugadzirisa HPMC inodyika firimu kuti inatse mashandiro emuchina uye zvipingamupinyi zveHPMC firimu. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti mushure mekugadzirisa nyuchi nevhu, michina yeHPMC inodyika firimu yakanga yakaenzana neyefirimu inodyiwa. Kuita kwezvikamu zvehunyoro kwakagadziridzwa [108]. Dogan et al. yakagadzirira HPMC inodyika firimu, uye yakashandisa microcrystalline cellulose kukwidziridza uye kugadzirisa iyo HPMC firimu, uye akadzidza kupenya kwemvura uye mechaniki zvimiro zvefirimu. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti hunyoro hunodzivirira zvimiro zveiyo firimu yakagadziridzwa haina kuchinja zvakanyanya. , asi maitiro ayo emagetsi akagadziridzwa zvakanyanya [109]. Choi et al. akawedzera oregano shizha uye bergamot akakosha oiri muHPMC matrix kugadzirira inodyika composite firimu, uye akaiisa pakuvharidzira kuchengetedza kweplums nyowani. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti firimu rinodyiwa rinosanganiswa rinogona kudzivisa kufema kweplums, kuderedza kugadzirwa kwe ethylene, kuderedza chiyero chekurasikirwa, nekuvandudza kunaka kweplums [110]. Esteghlal et al. yakasanganiswa HPMC negelatin kugadzirira anodyika akaumbwa mafirimu uye akadzidza anodyika akaumbwa mafirimu. Iyo physicochemical properties, mechanical properties uye kuenderana kweHPMC gelatin yakaratidza kuti kusimba kwezvinhu zveHPMC gelatin composite mafirimu hazvina kuchinja zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa mukugadzirira kwemishonga capsules [111]. Villacres et al. akadzidza zvimiro zvemuchina, gasi barriers zvivakwa uye antibacterial properties yeHPMC-cassava starch edible composite films. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti mafirimu akaumbwa aive neakanaka okisijeni barriers zvivakwa uye antibacterial mhedzisiro [112]. Byun et al. akagadzirira shellac-HPMC composite membranes, uye akadzidza migumisiro yemhando dze emulsifiers uye shellac concentration pamagetsi ekubatanidza. Iyo emulsifier yakaderedza mvura-yekudzivirira zvinhu zvemusanganiswa membrane, asi maitiro ayo emagetsi haana kuderera zvakanyanya; kuwedzerwa kweshellac kwakavandudza zvakanyanya kugadzikana kwekupisa kweHPMC membrane, uye mhedzisiro yayo yakawedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo shellac concentration [113].

1.1.5 Mafirimu Anodyiwa ane Starch

Starch ipolymer yakasikwa yekugadzirira mafirimu anodyika. Iine zvakanakira nzvimbo yakakura, mutengo wakaderera, biocompatibility uye kukosha kwekudya, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri ezvekudya nemishonga [114-117]. Munguva pfupi yadarika, tsvakiridzo pamafirimu e starch anodyika uye starch-based edible composite mafirimu ekuchengetedza chikafu nekuchengetedza akabuda imwe mushure meimwe [118]. Yakakwira amylose starch uye yayo hydroxypropylated yakagadziridzwa starch ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvekugadzirwa kwemafirimu anodyiwa ane starch [119]. The retrogradation of starch ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekukwanisa kwayo kugadzira firimu. Iyo yakakwira iyo amylose yemukati, iyo yakasimba iyo intermolecular bonding, zviri nyore kugadzira retrogradation, uye zviri nani iyo firimu-kugadzira pfuma, uye yekupedzisira tensile simba refirimu. chikuru. Amylose inogona kugadzira mafirimu anonyungudika nemvura ane yakaderera oksijeni permeability, uye chipingamupinyi chepamusoro-amylose mafirimu hachizodzike pasi pemamiriro ekunze ekupisa, anogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira chikafu chakaputirwa [120].

Starch inodyika firimu, isina ruvara uye isina kunhuhwirira, ine kujeka kwakanaka, kunyungudika kwemvura uye gasi chinodzivirira zvivakwa, asi inoratidza yakasimba hydrophilicity uye hurombo hunyoro hunodzivirira zvivakwa, saka inonyanya kushandiswa mune chikafu okisijeni uye mafuta barriers packaging [121-123]. Mukuwedzera, starch-based membranes inowanzokwegura uye kudzokera shure, uye maitiro avo emagetsi ane urombo [124]. Kuti ukunde kukanganisa kuri pamusoro apa, starch inogona kuchinjwa nemaitiro emuviri, makemikari, enzymatic, genetic uye ekuwedzera nzira dzekuvandudza zvinhu zvemafirimu anodyiwa ane starch [114].

Zhang Zhengmao et al. yakashandisa firimu rekupedzisira-yakanaka starch rinodyika kupfeka sitirobheri uye yakaona kuti inogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura, kunonoka kuderedzwa kweshuga yakanyunguduka, uye kunyatsowedzera nguva yekuchengetedza mastrawberries [125]. Garcia et al. yakagadziridzwa starch ine akasiyana cheni reshiyo kuti iwane yakagadziridzwa starch film-forming liquid, iyo yaishandiswa patsva sitirobheri yekunamira firimu kuchengetedza. Chiyero uye chiyero chekuora zvaive nani pane izvo zveboka risina kuvharwa [126]. Ghanbarzadeh et al. yakagadziridzwa starch ne citric acid cross-linking uye yakawana kemikari cross-linked modified starch film. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mushure mekuchinjika-kuchinjika kuchinjika, hunyoro hunodzivirira zvivakwa uye michina yemhando yemafirimu e starch yakavandudzwa [127]. Gao Qunyu et al. yakaita enzymatic hydrolysis kurapwa kwe starch uye yakawana starch inodyika firimu, uye michina yayo senge simba rekusimba, kureba uye kupeta kuramba kwakawedzera, uye hunyoro hwekudzivirira kuita kwakawedzera nekuwedzera kwekuita enzyme nguva. yakavandudzwa zvakanyanya [128]. Parra et al. yakawedzera muchinjiko-inobatanidza mumiriri kune tapioca starch kugadzirira firimu rinodyiwa rine yakanaka mechanical zvivakwa uye yakaderera mvura vapor transmission rate [129]. Fonseca et al. akashandisa sodium hypochlorite kuti oxidize mbatatisi starch uye akagadzira firimu rinodyiwa reoxidized starch. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti mvura yaro yekufambisa kwemhepo uye kunyungudika kwemvura kwakaderera zvikuru, iyo inogona kushandiswa pakuputirwa kwezvokudya zvemvura yakakwirira [130].

Kubatanidza starch nemamwe mapolymer anodyiwa uye plasticizers inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza zvimiro zve starch-based edible films. Parizvino, mapolymers anowanzo shandiswa anowanzo hydrophilic colloids, akadai pectin, cellulose, seaweed polysaccharide, chitosan, carrageenan uye xanthan gum [131].

Maria Rodriguez et al. yakashandiswa mbatatisi starch uye plasticizers kana surfactants sechinhu chikuru kugadzirira starch-based edible films, zvichiratidza kuti mapurasitiki anogona kuwedzera kuchinjika kwemafirimu uye ma surfactants anogona kuderedza kutambanudza kwefirimu [132]. Santana et al. akashandisa nanofibers kukwidziridza uye kugadzirisa cassava starch inodyika mafirimu, uye akawana starch-based edible composite mafirimu ane yakagadziridzwa michina zvinhu, zvipingamupinyi zvivakwa, uye kugadzikana kwekupisa [133]. Azevedo et al. yakasanganiswa whey protein ine thermoplastic starch kugadzira yunifomu yefirimu zvinhu, zvichiratidza kuti whey protein uye thermoplastic starch zvine yakasimba interfacial adhesion, uye whey protein inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuwanikwa kwestarch. Kuvhara mvura uye michina yemafirimu anodyiwa [134]. Edhirej et al. akagadzira tapioca starch-based edible film, uye akadzidza mhedzisiro yeplasticizer pane yemuviri uye kemikari chimiro, mechanical zvimiro uye zvinopisa zvemufirimu. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti mhando uye kusungirirwa kweplasticizer kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya tapioca starch firimu. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe mapurasitiki akadai seurea uye triethylene glycol, pectin ine yakanakisa plasticizing mhedzisiro, uye pectin-plasticized starch firimu ine yakanaka yekudzivirira mvura [135]. Saberi et al. akashandisa pea starch, guar gum uye glycerin pakugadzira mafirimu anodyika akaumbwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti pea starch yakaita basa rakakura mukukora kwemafirimu, kuwanda, kubatana, kugona kwemvura uye kusimba kwesimba. Guar gum Inogona kukanganisa simba rekusimba uye elastic modulus ye membrane, uye glycerol inogona kuvandudza kushanduka kwe membrane [136]. Ji et al. yakasanganiswa chitosan uye chibage starch, uye yakawedzera calcium carbonate nanoparticles kugadzirira starch-based antibacterial film. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti intermolecular hydrogen bonds yakaumbwa pakati pe starch uye chitosan, uye michina yefirimu yaiva uye antibacterial properties yakawedzerwa [137]. Meira et al. yakagadziridzwa uye yakagadziridzwa chibage starch inodyiwa antibacterial firimu ine kaolin nanoparticles, uye mechanical uye inopisa zvinhu zvefirimu rinoumbwa zvakagadziridzwa, uye antibacterial effect haina kukanganiswa [138]. Ortega-Toro et al. akawedzera HPMC kune starch uye akawedzera citric acid kugadzirira firimu rinodyiwa. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kweHPMC uye citric acid kunogona kuvharidzira kuchembera kwesitashi uye kuderedza kupera kwemvura kwefirimu rinodyiwa, asi iyo oksijeni barrier properties inodonha [139].

1.2 Polymer hydrogels

MaHydrogels ikirasi yema hydrophilic polymers ane matatu-dimensional network dhizaini isinganyungudike mumvura asi inogona kuzvimba nemvura. Macroscopically, hydrogel ine chimiro chakajeka, haigoni kuyerera, uye chinhu chakasimba. Microscopically, mvura-inonyungudika mamorekuru anogona kugoverwa mumhando dzakasiyana uye saizi mu hydrogel uye kupararira pamhando dzakasiyana dzekupararira, saka iyo hydrogel inoratidza zvimiro zvemhinduro. Chimiro chemukati che hydrogel chine simba shoma uye chinoparadzwa nyore nyore. Iri pakati pechinhu chakasimba nechimvuramabwe. Iine elasticity yakafanana kune yakasimba, uye inonyatsosiyana kubva kune yakasimba chaiyo.

1.2.1 Mhedziso yepolymer hydrogels

1.2.1.1 Kurongwa kwepolymer hydrogels

Polymer hydrogel itatu-dimensional network yakaumbwa nemuviri kana kemikari inoyambuka-inobatanidza pakati pepolymer molecules [143-146]. Inotora mvura yakawanda mumvura kuti iwedzere, uye panguva imwe chete, inogona kuchengetedza maitiro ayo matatu-dimensional uye isingagadziriswi mumvura. mvura.

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuisa hydrogels. Zvichienderana nemusiyano wemuchinjika-yekubatanidza zvivakwa, iwo anogona kukamurwa kuva emuviri gels uye makemikari gels. Magerosi emuviri anoumbwa neasina kusimba mabhondi ehydrogen, ionic zvisungo, hydrophobic kupindirana, van der Waals masimba uye entanglement yemuviri pakati pepolymer molecular cheni uye mamwe masimba emuviri, uye anogona kushandurwa kuita mhinduro munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekunze. Inonzi reversible gel; kemikari gel inowanzova yekusingaperi-dimensional network structure inoumbwa nemuchinjikwa-kubatanidza kwemakemikari zvisungo zvakadai se covalent zvisungo muhupo hwekupisa, chiedza, initiator, etc. Mushure mokunge gel yaumbwa, haigadziriswi uye isingagumi, inozivikanwawo se. Zvechokwadi condensate [147-149]. Gels remuviri kazhinji haadi kugadziridzwa kwemakemikari uye ane yakaderera toxicity, asi iwo emakanika maitiro ane hurombo uye zvakaoma kutsungirira kushushikana kukuru kwekunze; makemikoro gels anowanzo kuve nekugadzikana kuri nani uye michina yemagetsi.

Zvichienderana neakasiyana masosi, mahydrogel anogona kukamurwa kuita synthetic polymer hydrogels uye echisikigo polymer hydrogel. Synthetic polymer hydrogels mahydrogels anoumbwa nemakemikari polymerization yemapolymers ekugadzira, kunyanya kusanganisira polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, nezvimwewo; natural polymer hydrogels maPolymer hydrogels anoumbwa nekuyambuka-kubatanidza kwemapolymer echisikigo akadai sepolysaccharides uye mapuroteni mune zvakasikwa, kusanganisira cellulose, alginate, starch, agarose, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, uye collagen [6, 7, 150], 151]. Natural polymer hydrogels inowanzo kuve nehunhu hwehupamhi sosi, mutengo wakaderera uye yakaderera muchetura, uye ekugadzira polymer hydrogels anowanzo kuve nyore kugadzirisa uye ane goho rakakura.

Zvichienderana nemhinduro dzakasiyana kune yekunze nharaunda, mahydrogel anogona zvakare kukamurwa kuita echinyakare hydrogels uye akangwara hydrogel. Traditional hydrogels haanzwi kushanduka kwekunze kwezvakatipoteredza; smart hydrogels inogona kuona shanduko diki munharaunda yekunze uye inoburitsa shanduko dzinoenderana muchimiro chemuviri uye makemikari zvinhu [152-156]. Kune tembiricha-sensitive hydrogels, vhoriyamu inoshanduka nekudziya kwenzvimbo. Kazhinji, akadaro polymer hydrogels ane hydrophilic mapoka akadai hydroxyl, ether uye amide kana hydrophobic mapoka akadai methyl, ethyl uye propyl. Iyo tembiricha yekunze kwezvakatipoteredza inogona kukanganisa hydrophilic kana hydrophobic kupindirana pakati pegel molecules, hydrogen bonding uye kusangana pakati pemvura mamorekuru nemaketani epolymer, zvichikanganisa kuenzana kweiyo gel system. Kune pH-sensitive hydrogels, iyo system inowanzo ine acid-base inogadzirisa mapoka senge carboxyl mapoka, sulfonic acid mapoka kana amino mapoka. Munzvimbo inoshanduka pH, mapoka aya anogona kutora kana kusunungura mapurotoni, kushandura hydrogen bonding mujelisi uye musiyano pakati pemukati nekunze kweion concentrations, zvichiita kuti vhoriyamu ishanduke yejeri. Kumunda wemagetsi, magnetic field uye light-sensitive hydrogels, ane mapoka anoshanda akadai se polyelectrolytes, metal oxides, uye photosensitive mapoka, zvichiteerana. Pasi pezvakasiyana zvekunze zvinokurudzira, tembiricha yehurongwa kana ionization degree inoshandurwa, uye ipapo vhoriyamu yegel inoshandurwa nemusimboti wakafanana nekushisa kana pH-sensitive hydrogel.

Kubva pane zvakasiyana-siyana gel maitiro, hydrogels inogona kukamurwa kuva gel-induced gels uye thermal-induced gels [157]. Cold gel, inodaidzwa sekuti inotonhora gel kwenguva pfupi, ndeye macromolecule inowanikwa muchimiro cheasina kujairika coils pakupisa kwakanyanya. Munguva yekutonhora, nekuda kwekuita kwe intermolecular hydrogen bonds, helical fragments inoumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma, nekudaro inopedzisa nzira kubva mumhinduro. Shanduko kune gel [158]; Thermo-induced gel, inodaidzwa sekuti thermal gel, ndeye macromolecule mune inogadzirisa mamiriro pakudziya kwakadzika. Munguva yekupisa, matatu-dimensional network inoumbwa kuburikidza nekubatana kwehydrophobic, nezvimwewo, nokudaro kupedzisa gelation shanduko [159], 160].

MaHydrogel anogona zvakare kukamurwa kuita homopolymeric hydrogels, copolymerized hydrogels uye interpenetrating network hydrogels zvichibva pane akasiyana network zvivakwa, microscopic hydrogels uye macroscopic hydrogels zvichienderana neakasiyana gel saizi, uye biodegradable zvivakwa. Zvakasiyana zvakakamurwa kuita zvinoshatisa mahydrogel uye asina-kuora mahydrogel.

1.2.1.2 Kushandiswa kweakasikwa polymer hydrogels

Natural polymer hydrogels ane hunhu hwakanaka biocompatibility, yakakwirira kuchinjika, yakawanda masosi, kunzwa kune zvakatipoteredza, kuchengetwa kwemvura yakakwirira uye yakaderera muchetura, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mubiomedicine, kugadzira chikafu, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kurima nekugadzirwa kwemasango uye Yakave yakawanda. inoshandiswa muindasitiri nedzimwe nzvimbo [142, 161-165].

Kushandiswa kweakasikwa polymer hydrogels mune biomedical ine hukama ndima. Natural polymer hydrogels ine yakanaka biocompatibility, biodegradability, uye haina muchetura mhedzisiro, saka inogona kushandiswa semaronda ekupfeka uye kubata zvakanangana nematishu emunhu, ayo anogona kunyatso kudzikisa kupindira kwema microorganisms in vitro, kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwemvura yemuviri, uye kubvumira oxygen. kuti apfuure. Inokurudzira kuporeswa kwemaronda; inogona kushandiswa kugadzirira kuonana lenzi, nezvakanaka zvekupfeka zvakasununguka, kunaka kweokisijeni kupera, uye kurapa kunobatsira kwezvirwere zvemaziso [166, 167]. Mapolymer akasikwa akafanana nechimiro chematishu mhenyu uye anogona kutora chikamu mune yakajairwa metabolism yemuviri wemunhu, saka mahydrogel akadaro anogona kushandiswa setishu engineering scaffold zvinhu, tissue engineering cartilage repair, etc. Tissue engineering scaffolds inogona kuiswa mu-pre- mashefu akaumbwa uye akaumbwa nemajekiseni. Pre-akaumbwa stents anoshandisa mvura iyo yakakosha matatu-dimensional network chimiro cheiyo gel inoita kuti iite rimwe basa rinotsigira mubiological tissues ichipa yakananga uye yakakwana nzvimbo yekukura kwemaseru, uye zvakare inogona kukurudzira kukura kwesero, kusiyanisa, uye kushatisa uye. kutorwa nemuviri wemunhu [168]. Majekiseni-akaumbwa stents anoshandisa chikamu chekuchinja maitiro emahydrogel kuti akurumidze kuumba gels mushure mekuiswa jekiseni mune inoyerera mhinduro mamiriro, izvo zvinogona kuderedza marwadzo evarwere [169]. Mamwe mapolymer hydrogel echisikigo anotarisisa zvakatipoteredza, saka anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinhu zvinodzorwa nezvinodhaka zvekuburitsa, kuitira kuti mishonga yakavharirwa mukati mayo ibudiswe kunhengo dzinodiwa dzemuviri wemunhu nenzira yakatarwa uye yakawanda, kuderedza chepfu nedivi. zvinokonzerwa nemishonga pamuviri wemunhu [170].

Kushandiswa kwechisikigo polymer hydrogel muminda ine chekuita nechikafu. Natural polymer hydrogels chikamu chakakosha chekudya katatu kwevanhu pazuva, senge mamwe madhiri, zvihwitsi, zvinotsiva nyama, yogati uye ice cream. Inowanzoshandiswa sechikafu chekuwedzera mune zvekudya, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza hunhu hwayo hwemuviri uye nekuipa kuravira kwakatsetseka. Semuenzaniso, inoshandiswa semushonga musobho uye sosi, se emulsifier mujusi, uye semumiriri wekumisa. Mumukaka zvinwiwa, se gelling agent mu puddings uye aspics, sechinhu chinojekesa uye furo stabilizer mudoro, se syneresis inhibitor mu cheese, se binder mumasoseji, se starch retrogradation Inhibitors inoshandiswa muchingwa nebhota [171-174]. ]. Kubva kuFood Additives Handbook, zvinogona kuoneka kuti nhamba huru yemasikirwo epolymer hydrogels anotenderwa sezvinowedzera zvekudya zvekugadzira chikafu [175]. Natural polymer hydrogels inoshandiswa sezvokudya zvinovaka muviri mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvehutano uye zvokudya zvinoshanda, zvakadai semafuta ezvokudya, anoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvekurasikirwa nekurema uye anti-constipation products [176, 177]; se prebiotics, anoshandiswa mune colonic Health care zvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira kenza yekoloni [178]; Natural polymer hydrogels inogona kugadzirwa kuita inodyika kana kuparara coating kana mafirimu, ayo anogona kushandiswa mumunda wezvekudya zvekurongedza zvinhu, senge michero nemiriwo kuchengetedza, nekuzviputira pamichero nemiriwo Pamusoro, zvinogona kurebesa hupenyu hwesherufu. zvemichero nemiriwo uye kuchengeta michero nemiriwo zvinyoro uye zvinyoro; inogona zvakare kushandiswa semidziyo yekurongedza kuitira nyore chikafu senge soseji uye condiments kufambisa kuchenesa [179, 180].

Zvishandiso zvezvakasikwa polymer hydrogels mune mamwe minda. Mukutaura kwezvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva, inogona kuwedzerwa kune ganda rekuchengetedza ganda kana zvizoro, izvo zvisingagoni kudzivirira chigadzirwa kubva pakuoma kunze kwekuchengetwa, asiwo kusingaperi kunyorova uye kunyorovesa ganda; inogona kushandiswa kugadzira, kunyorovesa uye kunonoka kuburitswa kwezvinonhuhwirira mukunaka makeup; Inogona kushandiswa mune zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva senge mapepa emapepa uye manapukeni [181]. Mukurima, inogona kushandiswa kurwisa kusanaya kwemvura uye kudzivirira mbesa uye kuderedza kushanda nesimba; sechinhu chinoputira mbeu yezvirimwa, inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kumera kwembeu; kana ichishandiswa mukudyara mbesa, inogona kuwedzera mararamiro emadzinde; mishonga yezvipembenene, kunatsiridza kushandiswa uye kuderedza kusvibiswa [182, 183]. Panyaya yezvakatipoteredza, inoshandiswa seyanyoro uye inoshambadzira yekuchenesa tsvina iyo inowanzove ine heavy metal ions, zvinonhuhwirira zvinonhuhwirira uye dhayi kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura uye kugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza [184]. Muindasitiri, inoshandiswa seanobvisa mvura mumuviri, mafuta ekuchera, tambo yekuputira zvinhu, yekuisa chisimbiso uye inotonhora yekuchengetedza, nezvimwewo [185].

1.2.2 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thermogel

Cellulose inhengo yechisikigo macromolecular iyo yakadzidzwa kare, ine hukama hwepedyo nevanhu, uye ndiyo yakawanda pane zvakasikwa. Inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumiti yepamusoro, algae uye microorganisms [186, 187]. Cellulose zvishoma nezvishoma yakakwezva kutarisisa kwakapararira nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakafara, mutengo wakaderera, inogona kuvandudzwa, biodegradable, yakachengeteka, isina chepfu, uye yakanaka biocompatibility [188].

1.2.2.1 Cellulose nezvinobvamo zveether

Cellulose inonzi linear refu-chain polymer yakaumbwa nekubatana kweD-anhydroglucose structural units kuburikidza ne β-1,4 glycosidic bonds [189-191]. Insoluble. Kunze kweboka rimwe chete rekupedzisira pamagumo eketani ye molecular, kune mapoka matatu epolar hydroxyl mune imwe neimwe glucose unit, iyo inogona kuumba nhamba huru ye intramolecular uye intermolecular hydrogen bonds pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu; uye cellulose chimiro chepolycyclic, uye cheni ye molecular is semi-rigid. Cheni, yakakwira crystallinity, uye yakanyanya kugara muchimiro, saka ine hunhu hwepamusoro dhigirii repolymerization, yakanaka mamolecular orientation, uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari [83, 187]. Sezvo cheni ye cellulose ine nhamba huru yemapoka ehydroxyl, inogona kugadziridzwa kemikari nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai se esterification, oxidation, uye etherification kuti iwane zvigadzirwa zve cellulose zvine maitiro akanaka ekushandisa [192, 193].

Cellulose derivatives ndeimwe yepakutanga kutsvagirwa uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa mumunda wepolymer chemistry. Iwo ari epolymer yakanaka makemikari zvinhu zvine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa, ayo akagadziridzwa kemikari kubva kune zvakasikwa polymer cellulose. Pakati pavo, cellulose ethers inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Icho chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha zvemakemikari zvigadzirwa mumaindasitiri ekushandisa [194].

Kune marudzi akawanda e-cellulose ethers, ayo ose ane maitiro akasiyana uye akanaka, uye akashandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakadai sezvokudya nemishonga [195]. MC ndiyo yakapfava yerudzi rwe cellulose ether ine methyl boka. Nekuwedzera kwedhigirii rekutsinhanisa, inogona kunyungudutswa mukunyungudusa alkaline mhinduro, mvura, doro uye inonhuhwirira hydrocarbon solvent ichiratidzira, ichiratidza yakasarudzika yekupisa gel zvivakwa. [196]. CMC ndeye anionic cellulose ether inowanikwa kubva kune yakasikwa cellulose ne alkalization uye acidification.

Ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inoshandiswa cellulose ether, inonyungudika mumvura [197]. HPC, hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether inowanikwa nealkalizing uye etherifying cellulose, ine yakanaka thermoplasticity uye inoratidzawo kupisa kwegel zvinhu, uye tembiricha yayo yegel inokanganiswa zvakanyanya nedhigirii rehydroxypropyl substitution [198]. HPMC, inokosha yakasanganiswa ether, inewo gel rinopisa zvinhu, uye gel rayo zvinhu zvine hukama kune maviri anotsiva uye zviyero zvawo [199].

1.2.2.2 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose chimiro

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), iyo molecular chimiro inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1-3, inowanzoitika isiri-ionic mvura-soluble cellulose yakasanganiswa ether. Iyo etherification reaction yemethyl chloride uye propylene oxide inoitwa kuti iwane [200,201], uye kemikari reaction equation inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1-4.

Kune hydroxy propoxy (-[OCH2CH (CH3)] n OH), methoxy (-OCH3) uye mapoka e-hydroxyl asingasviki pachikwata chekugadzirisa cheHPMC panguva imwe chete, uye kushanda kwayo ndiko kuratidzwa kwekuita kwekubatana kwemapoka akasiyana-siyana. [202]. Chiyero pakati pezviviri zvinotsiva chinotarirwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevaviri etherifying agents, chiyero uye uwandu hwe sodium hydroxide, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hweetherifying agents pa unit mass ye cellulose [203]. Hydroxy propoxy iboka rinoshanda, rinogona kuwedzera alkylated uye hydroxy alkylated; boka iri iboka re hydrophilic rine cheni yakareba-branched, iyo inobata imwe basa mu plasticizing mukati meketani. Methoxy iboka rekupedzisira-capping, rinotungamira kune kusashanda kweiyi saiti yekupindura mushure mekuita; boka iri iboka rehydrophobic uye rine chimiro chipfupi [204, 205]. Mapoka asina kubatwa uye achangobva kuunzwa ehydroxyl anogona kuramba achitsiviwa, zvichikonzera chimiro chakaoma chekupedzisira chemakemikari, uye zvimiro zveHPMC zvinosiyana mukati meimwe nhanho. Kune HPMC, chikamu chiduku chekugadzirisa chinogona kuita kuti physicochemical properties iite zvakasiyana [206], somuenzaniso, physicochemical properties ye high methoxy uye yakaderera hydroxypropyl HPMC iri pedyo neMC; Kuita kweHPMC kuri pedyo neiyo yeHPC.

1.2.2.3 Zvinhu zvehydroxypropyl methylcellulose

(1) Thermogelability yeHPMC

Iyo HPMC ketani ine yakasarudzika hydration-dehydration maitiro nekuda kwekuunzwa kwehydrophobic-methyl uye hydrophilic-hydroxypropyl mapoka. Iyo zvishoma nezvishoma inopinda gelation shanduko painopisa, uye inodzokera kune imwe sarudzo mushure mekutonhora. Ndiko kuti, ine thermally induced gel properties, uye gelation phenomenon inodzokororwa asi isina kufanana maitiro.

Nezve gelation mechanism yeHPMC, inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya kuti pakudzika kwakadzika (pasi pekushisa kwegelation), HPMC mumushonga uye polar mvura mamorekuru anosungwa pamwe chete nehydrogen zvisungo kuti aite A inonzi "birdcage" -like supramolecular structure. Pane zvimwe zvakapfava zviri nyore pakati pemamorekuru cheni yehydrated HPMC, kunze kweiyo, kune kumwe kupindirana kushoma. Kana tembiricha ichiwedzera, HPMC inotanga kutora simba kutyora intermolecular hydrogen zvisungo pakati pemvura mamorekuru uye HPMC mamorekuru, ichiparadza keji-senge mamorekuru chimiro, zvishoma nezvishoma kurasikirwa nemvura yakasungwa pacheni yemamorekuru, uye kufumura hydroxypropyl uye methoxy mapoka. Sezvo tembiricha iri kuramba ichiwedzera (kusvika kudziya kwegel), HPMC mamorekuru zvishoma nezvishoma anoumba matatu-dimensional network dhizaini kuburikidza ne hydrophobic association, HPMC gels inopedzisira yaumba [160, 207, 208].

Kuwedzerwa kwemunyu munyu kune chimwe chinokonzera kupisa kwejeri kweHPMC, vamwe vanoderedza kutonhora kwejeri nekuda kwekuita salting kunze, uye vamwe vanowedzera kupisa kwegel nekuda kwekunyunguduka kwemunyu [209]. Nekuwedzerwa kwemunyu wakadai seNaCl, chiitiko che salting kunze chinoitika uye tembiricha yegel yeHPMC inoderera [210, 211]. Mushure memunyu wawedzerwa kuHPMC, mamorekuru emvura anonyanya kuda kusanganisa nemunyu ions, kuitira kuti iyo hydrogen bond pakati pemamorekuru emvura neHPMC iparadzwe, iyo mvura yakatenderedza mamorekuru eHPMC inopedzwa, uye mamorekuru eHPMC anogona kuburitswa nekukurumidza. hydrophobicity. Kushamwaridzana, kutonhora kwekuumbwa kwegel zvishoma nezvishoma kunoderera. Kusiyana neizvi, kana munyu wakaita seNaSCN wawedzerwa, chiitiko chekunyungudika munyu chinoitika uye tembiricha yegel yeHPMC inowedzera [212]. Kurongeka kwekudzikira kweanions patembiricha yegel ndeiyi: SO42− > S2O32− > H2PO4− > F− > Cl− > Br− > NO3−> I- > ClO4− > SCN−, kurongeka kwemakesheni pa gel tembiricha kuwedzera ndiko: Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Ba2+ [213].

Kana mamwe mamorekuru madiki akadai semonohydric alcohols ane hydroxyl mapoka anowedzerwa, tembiricha yegel inowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo mari yekuwedzera, inoratidza kukosha kwepamusoro uye yozodzikira kusvika kuparadzaniswa kwechikamu kuchiitika [214, 215]. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nehuremu hwayo hudiki hwemamorekuru, hunofananidzwa nehwemamorekuru emvura mukurongeka kwehukuru, uye hunogona kuwana kusarudzika kwema molecular-level mushure mekusanganiswa.

(2) Solubility yeHPMC

HPMC ine mvura inopisa isinganyunguriki uye inotonhora-inonyungudika zvinhu zvakafanana neMC, asi inogona kukamurwa kuita inotonhora yekuparadzira mhando uye inopisa yekupararira mhando zvinoenderana nekusiyana kwemvura solubility [203]. Cold-yakapararira HPMC inogona kukurumidza kupararira mumvura mumvura inotonhora, uye viscosity yayo inowedzera mushure mechinguva, uye inonyungudutswa mumvura; kupisa-kupararira HPMC, pane zvinopesana, inoratidza agglomeration kana uchiwedzera mvura pane yakadzika tembiricha, asi zvakanyanya kuoma kuwedzera. In yakakwirira-tembiricha mvura, HPMC anogona kukurumidza kuparadzirwa, uye viscosity kunowedzera pashure tembiricha kuderera, kuva chaiyo HPMC aqueous mhinduro. Kunyungudika kweHPMC mumvura kune hukama nezviri mumapoka emethoxy, ayo asinganyungudika mumvura inopisa pamusoro pe85 °C, 65 °C uye 60 °C kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Kazhinji kutaura, HPMC hainyungudika muorganic solvents senge acetone uye chloroform, asi inonyungudika mu ethanol aqueous solution uye yakasanganiswa organic mhinduro.

(3) Kushivirira kwemunyu kweHPMC

Iyo isiri-ionic yemhando yeHPMC inoita kuti isakwanise kuve ionized mumvura, saka haizoite nesimbi ions kunaya. Nekudaro, kuwedzerwa kwemunyu kuchakanganisa tembiricha iyo iyo HPMC gel inoumbwa. Kana kuwedzera kwemunyu kunowedzera, gel tembiricha yeHPMC inoderera; apo munyu wemunyu wakaderera pane flocculation point, viscosity yeHPMC solution inogona kuwedzerwa, saka mukushandiswa, chinangwa chekuwedzera chinogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwemunyu [210, 216].

(4) Acid uye alkali kuramba kweHPMC

Kazhinji, HPMC ine yakasimba acid-base kugadzikana uye haina kukanganiswa nepH papH 2-12. HPMC inoratidza kuramba kune imwe dhigirii yeasidhi yakanyungudika, asi inoratidza tsika yekudzikira muviscosity yeasidhi yakadzika; alkalis ine zvishoma pairi, asi inogona kuwedzera zvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoderedza mhinduro viscosity [217, 218].

(5) Kufurira chinhu cheHPMC viscosity

HPMC ndeye pseudoplastic, mhinduro yayo yakagadzikana pane tembiricha yekamuri, uye viscosity yayo inobatwa nehuremu hwemamorekuru, kutarisisa uye tembiricha. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakakwirira iyo HPMC molecular uremu, iyo yakakwirira viscosity; kune imwecheteyo molecular uremu chigadzirwa, iyo yakakwira iyo HPMC concentration, iyo yakakwirira viscosity; iyo viscosity yechigadzirwa cheHPMC inoderera nekuwedzera kwekushisa, uye inosvika pakupisa kwejeri rekugadzira, nekuwedzera kamwe kamwe muviscosity nekuda kwegelation [9, 219, 220].

(6) Zvimwe zvinhu zveHPMC

HPMC ine kurwisa kwakasimba kune maenzayimu, uye kushorwa kwayo kune maenzayimu kunowedzera nechiyero chekutsiva. Nokudaro, chigadzirwa chacho chine hutano hwakagadzikana panguva yekuchengetedza kupfuura zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvehuga [189, 212]. HPMC ine zvimwe emulsifying zvivakwa. Mapoka eHydrophobic methoxy anogona kuve adsorbed pamusoro pechikamu chemafuta mu emulsion kuti iite gobvu adsorption layer, iyo inogona kuita senge inodzivirira; mvura-soluble hydroxyl mapoka anogona kusanganiswa nemvura kuvandudza chikamu chinoenderera. Viscosity, inhibisa kubatana kwechikamu chakapararira, inoderedza kushushikana kwepamusoro, uye inogadzirisa emulsion [221]. HPMC inogona kusanganiswa nemvura-inonyungudika mapolymers akadai gelatin, methylcellulose, mhashu bhinzi chingamu, carrageenan uye chingamu arabic kuumba yunifomu uye läpinäkyvä mhinduro, uyewo anogona kusanganiswa plasticizers akadai glycerin uye polyethylene glycol. [200, 201, 214].

1.2.2.4 Matambudziko aripo mukushandiswa kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Kutanga, mutengo wepamusoro unodzikamisa kushandiswa kwakakura kweHPMC. Kunyangwe HPMC firimu iine kujeka kwakanaka, girisi barriers zvivakwa uye michina zvivakwa. Nekudaro, mutengo wayo wepamusoro (ungaita 100,000/ton) inoganhura kushandiswa kwayo kwakakura, kunyangwe mumhando yepamusoro-yemhando yemishonga yekushandisa senge capsules. Chikonzero nei HPMC ichidhura kudaro chekutanga nekuti iyo mbishi selulosi inoshandiswa kugadzirira HPMC inodhura. Pamusoro pezvo, mapoka maviri anotsiva, boka rehydroxypropyl neboka remethoxy, anobatanidzwa paHPMC panguva imwe chete, izvo zvinoita kuti gadziriro yayo ive yakaoma. Yakaoma, saka zvigadzirwa zveHPMC zvinodhura.

Chechipiri, iyo yakaderera viscosity uye yakaderera gel simba zvimiro zveHPMC pakudziya kwakadzika kunoderedza kurongeka kwayo mumashandisirwo akasiyana siyana. HPMC igeri rinopisa, rinowanikwa munzvimbo ine mhinduro ine yakaderera viscosity pakadzika tembiricha, uye inogona kugadzira viscous yakasimba-senge gel pakupisa kwepamusoro, saka maitiro ekugadzirisa akadai sekuputira, kupfapfaidza uye kunyura anofanirwa kuitwa pakupisa kwakanyanya. . Kana zvisina kudaro, mhinduro yacho ichayerera nyore pasi, zvichiita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwezvinhu zvisina kufanana zvefirimu, izvo zvichakanganisa kunaka uye kushanda kwechigadzirwa. Kushanda kwakanyanya kwekushisa kwakadaro kunowedzera kuoma kwekushanda kwekushanda, zvichikonzera kushandiswa kwesimba kwepamusoro uye kudhura kwekugadzira.

1.2.3 Hydroxypropyl starch inotonhora gel

Starch yakasikwa polymer musanganiswa wakagadzirwa nephotosynthesis yezvirimwa munzvimbo yechisikigo. Mapolysaccharides ayo anowanzo kuchengetwa mumhodzi uye machubhu ezvirimwa ari muchimiro chegranules pamwe chete nemapuroteni, fiber, oiri, shuga uye zvicherwa. kana mudzi [222]. Starch haingori sosi huru yekudyara simba kuvanhu, asiwo yakakosha maindasitiri mbishi zvinhu. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yakakura, mutengo wakaderera, girini, zvisikwa uye zvinogoneka, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukudya nemishonga, kuvirisa, kugadzira mapepa, machira uye petroleum industries [223].

1.2.3.1 Starch uye zvinobva pairi

Starch ndeye yakasikwa yakakwira polymer ine chimiro chechikamu α-D-anhydroglucose unit. Zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakabatanidzwa ne glycosidic bonds, uye maitiro ayo ma molecular ndeye (C6H10O5) n. Chimwe chikamu cheketani ye molecular mu starch granules yakabatanidzwa ne α-1,4 glycosidic bonds, iyo inonzi linear amylose; chimwe chikamu cheketani ye molecular yakabatanidzwa ne α-1,6 glycosidic bonds pane iyi nheyo, iyo branched amylopectin [224]. Mune starch granules, kune crystalline nharaunda umo mamorekuru anorongwa muhurongwa hwakarongeka uye amorphous matunhu umo mamorekuru anorongwa zvisina tsarukano. chikamu chekuumbwa. Iko hakuna muganho wakajeka pakati peiyo crystalline dunhu uye amorphous nharaunda, uye amylopectin mamorekuru anogona kupfuura akawanda crystalline matunhu uye amorphous nzvimbo. Kubva pane zvakasikwa zve starch synthesis, chimiro chepolysaccharide mu starch chinosiyana nemhando dzemiti uye nzvimbo dzinobva [225].

Kunyangwe starch yave imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzira maindasitiri nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo uye zvivakwa zvinogonekazve, starch yemuno kazhinji ine zvayakaipira senge kusanyungudika kwemvura uye firimu-kugadzira zvivakwa, kushomeka emulsifying uye gelling kugona, uye kusakwana kugadzikana. Kuti uwedzere huwandu hwemashandisirwo ayo, starch inowanzogadziriswa physicochemically kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekushandisa [38, 114]. Kune matatu emahara hydroxyl mapoka pane yega yega glucose structural unit mune starch mamorekuru. Aya mapoka e-hydroxyl anoshanda zvakanyanya uye anopa starch ane zvimiro zvakafanana ne polyols, izvo zvinopa mukana weiyo starch denaturation reaction.

Mushure mekugadziriswa, zvimwe zvivakwa zve starch zvakagadziridzwa kusvika pamwero wakakura, kukunda kukanganiswa kwekushandisa kweiyo starch, saka yakagadziridzwa starch inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yazvino [226]. Oxidized starch ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa akagadziridzwa masita ane tekinoroji yakakura. Kana ichienzaniswa neyekuzvarwa starch, oxidized starch iri nyore kuita gelatinize. Zvakanakira zvekunamatira zvakanyanya. Esterified starch inogadzirwa sitachi inoumbwa ne esterification yemapoka ehydroxyl mumamorekuru estarch. Iyo yakaderera dhigirii yekutsiva inogona zvakanyanya kushandura zvimiro zveiyo starch. Kujeka uye firimu-kuumba zvimiro zve starch paste zviri pachena zvakagadziridzwa. Etherified starch ndiyo etherification reaction yemapoka ehydroxyl mumamorekuru estarch kuti abudise polystarch ether, uye kudzokororwa kwayo kwakadzikira. Pasi pemamiriro ealkaline akasimba ayo oxidized starch uye esterified starch haigone kushandiswa, iyo ether bond inogonawo kuramba yakagadzikana. inowanzoitika kune hydrolysis. Acid-modified starch, starch inobatwa ne acid kuwedzera amylose content, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kudzokororwa uye starch paste. Iyo yakajeka uye inoumba gel yakasimba pakutonhora [114].

1.2.3.2 Hydroxypropyl starch chimiro

Hydroxypropyl starch (HPS), iyo mamolecular chimiro inoratidzwa muFigure 1-4, isiri-ionic starch ether, iyo inogadzirwa ne etherification reaction ye propylene oxide ine starch pasi pemamiriro ealkaline [223, 227, 228], uye ayo. Chemical reaction equation inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1-6.

Munguva yekugadzirwa kweHPS, pamusoro pekuita nestarch kugadzira hydroxypropyl starch, propylene oxide inogonawo kuita neyakagadzirwa hydroxypropyl starch kugadzira polyoxypropyl parutivi cheni. dhigirii rekutsiva. Degree of substitution (DS) inoreva huwandu hweavhareji yemapoka ehydroxyl paboka reglucosyl. Mazhinji emapoka eglucosyl e starch ane 3 hydroxyl mapoka anogona kutsiviwa, saka iyo yakawanda DS ndeye 3. Molar degree of substitution (MS) inoreva kuwanda kwehuwandu hwezvinyorwa pa mole ye glucosyl boka [223, 229]. Maitiro emamiriro eiyo hydroxypropylation reaction, iyo starch granule morphology, uye chiyero cheamylose kune amylopectin mune yekuzvarwa starch zvese zvinokanganisa saizi yeMS.

1.2.3.3 Zvinhu zvehydroxypropyl starch

(1) Cold gelation yeHPS

Kune inopisa HPS starch paste, kunyanya sisitimu ine yakakwira amylose zvirimo, panguva yekutonhodza, iyo amylose molecular cheni mu starch paste inonamirana kuti iite matatu-dimensional network chimiro, uye kuratidza pachena maitiro akasimba-akafanana. Inova elastomer, inoumba gel, uye inogona kudzokera kune imwe nzvimbo yekugadzirisa mushure mekudziyisazve, kureva kuti, ine inotonhora gel properties, uye iyi gel phenomenon ine reversible properties [228].

Iyo gelatinized amylose inoramba ichiputirwa kuti iite coaxial single helical structure. Kunze kweiyi imwechete helical zvimiro iboka re hydrophilic, uye mukati mune hydrophobic cavity. Pakupisa kwepamusoro, HPS inowanikwa mune yakadzika mhinduro seyakajairika coils kubva kune imwe chete helical zvikamu zvakatambanudzwa. Kana tembiricha yadzikiswa, zvisungo zvehydrogen pakati peHPS nemvura zvinotyoka, mvura yezvimiro inorasika, uye zvisungo zvehydrogen pakati pemacheni emamorekuru zvinoramba zvichiumbwa, pakupedzisira zvichigadzira matatu-dimensional network gel chimiro. Chikamu chekuzadza mune gel network ye starch ndiyo yakasara starch granules kana zvidimbu mushure megelatinization, uye kupindirana kweimwe amylopectin kunobatsirawo pakuumbwa kwegel [230-232].

(2) Hydrophilicity yeHPS

Kuiswa kwe hydrophilic hydroxypropyl mapoka kunoderedza simba rehydrogen zvisungo pakati pemamolekemu e starch, inosimudzira kufamba kwema molecules e starch kana zvikamu, uye inoderedza kupisa kwekunyunguduka kwe starch microcrystals; chimiro che starch granules chinoshandurwa, uye pamusoro pe starch granules yakaoma Sezvo kutonhora kunowedzera, mamwe mabhomba kana maburi anooneka, kuitira kuti mamorekuru emvura apinde nyore mukati meiyo starch granules, zvichiita kuti starch iite nyore kuzvimba uye gelatinize, saka kutonhora kwegelatinization ye starch kunoderera. Sezvo dhigirii yekutsiva inowedzera, tembiricha yegelatinization yehydroxypropyl starch inoderera, uye pakupedzisira inogona kuzvimba mumvura inotonhora. Mushure mehydroxypropylation, kuyerera, kudzika kwekushisa kwakadzika, kujeka, kunyungudika, uye firimu-kugadzira zvinhu zve starch pastes zvakavandudzwa [233-235].

(3) Kugadzikana kweHPS

HPS isiri-ionic starch ether ine kugadzikana kwepamusoro. Munguva yekuchinja kwemakemikari senge hydrolysis, oxidation, uye cross-linking, iyo ether bond haizotyorwe uye zvinotsiva hazvidonha. Nokudaro, zvinhu zveHPS zvinenge zvisinganyanyi kukanganiswa ne electrolytes uye pH, kuve nechokwadi kuti inogona kushandiswa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zve acid-base pH [236-238].

1.2.3.4 Kushandiswa kweHPS mumunda wezvekudya nemishonga

HPS haina chepfu uye haina kuravira, ine yakanaka kugaya kuita uye yakaderera hydrolyzate viscosity. Iyo inozivikanwa seyakachengeteka inodyiwa yakagadziridzwa starch kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Kare kuma1950, United States yakabvumira hydroxypropyl starch kuti ishandiswe zvakananga muzvokudya [223, 229, 238]. HPS isitashi yakagadziridzwa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekudya, inonyanya kushandiswa seyakakora mumiriri, inomisa mumiriri uye inodzikamisa.

Inogona kushandiswa mukudya zviri nyore uye chikafu chakaomeswa senge zvinwiwa, ice cream, uye jamu; inogona zvishoma kutsiva mazino anodyiwa akadhura akadai segelatin; inogona kugadzirwa kuita mafirimu anodyika uye inoshandiswa semachira echikafu uye kurongedza [229, 236].

HPS inowanzoshandiswa mumunda wemishonga semafiritsi, mabhainda ezvirimwa zvemishonga, disintegrants pamapiritsi, zvinhu zvemishonga yakapfava uye yakaoma capsules, zvinodhaka zvinoputira, anti-condensing agents ekugadzirwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa uye plasma thickeners, nezvimwewo. [239] .

1.3 Polymer Compounding

Zvishandiso zvepolymer zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumativi ese ehupenyu uye zvakakosha uye zvakakosha zvinhu. Kuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira kwesainzi uye tekinoroji kunoita kuti zvinodiwa nevanhu zviwande uye zvakasiyana, uye zvinogara zvakaoma kuti chimwe-chikamu chepolymer zvinhu zvikwane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa zvinodiwa nevanhu. Kubatanidza mapolymer maviri kana anopfuura ndiyo nzira ine hupfumi uye inoshanda yekuwana zvinhu zvepolymer nemutengo wakaderera, kuita kwakanakisa, kugadzirisa kuri nyore uye kushandiswa kwakakura, izvo zvakwezva kutarisisa kwevaongorori vazhinji uye yakabhadharwa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kutariswa [240-242] .

1.3.1 Chinangwa uye nzira yepolymer musanganiswa

Chinangwa chikuru chepolymer musanganiswa: (l) Kukwiridzira huwandu hwezvinhu zvezvinhu. Mapolymer akasiyana anosanganiswa, kuitira kuti musanganiswa wekupedzisira uchengetedze zvakanakisa zvimiro zveimwe macromolecule, inodzidza kubva kune imwe neimwe kusimba uye inozadzisa kusasimba kwayo, uye inokwidziridza huwandu hwakakwana hwezvinhu zvepolymer. (2) Deredza mari yezvinhu. Zvimwe zvinhu zvepolymer zvine zvivakwa zvakanakisa, asi zvinodhura. Naizvozvo, anogona kusanganiswa nemamwe mapolima asingadhure kuti aderedze mutengo pasina kukanganisa kushandiswa. (3) Kuvandudza zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinhu. Zvimwe zvinhu zvine zvivakwa zvakanakisa asi zvakaoma kugadzirisa, uye akakodzera mamwe mapolymers anogona kuwedzerwa kuti avandudze maitiro avo ekugadzirisa. (4) Kusimbisa imwe pfuma yezvinhu. Kuti uvandudze mashandiro echinyorwa mune chimwe chinhu, imwe polymer inoshandiswa kuigadzirisa. (5) Gadzira mabasa matsva ezvigadzirwa.

Yakajairika polymer kusanganisa nzira: (l) Kunyunguduka kusanganisa. Pasi pekuita kwekuveura kwemidziyo yekusanganisa, mapolymer akasiyana anodziirwa kusvika pamusoro peiyo viscous yekuyerera tembiricha yekubatanidza, uye yozotonhodzwa uye granulated mushure mekusanganiswa. (2) Kugadzirisa kugadzirisa. Izvo zvikamu zviviri zvinomutswa uye zvinosanganiswa nekushandisa yakajairika solvent, kana iyo yakanyungudika yakasiyana yepolymer mhinduro inomutswa zvakaenzana, uye ipapo solvent inobviswa kuti iwane polymer compound. (3) Emulsion kusanganisa. Mushure mekubvongodza nekusanganisa emulsion dzakasiyana dzepolymer dzemhando imwe chete emulsifier, coagulant inowedzerwa kubatanidza iyo polima kuti iwane musanganiswa wepolymer. (4) Copolymerization uye kusanganisa. Kusanganisira graft copolymerization, block copolymerization uye reactive copolymerization, iyo yekubatanidza maitiro inoperekedzwa nemakemikari kuita. (5) Inopindirana network [10].

1.3.2 Kusanganiswa kwemapolysaccharides chaiwo

Natural polysaccharides ikirasi yakajairika yezvigadzirwa zvepolymer mune zvakasikwa, izvo zvinowanzo gadziridzwa kemikari uye kuratidza akasiyana emhando yepamusoro. Nekudaro, zviwanikwa zvepolysaccharide imwechete zvinowanzove nezvimwe zvipimo zvekuita, saka mapolysaccharides akasiyana anowanzo kusanganiswa kuti azadzise chinangwa chekuzadzisa mabhenefiti ekuita kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe uye kuwedzera chiyero chekushandisa. Kare kuma1980, tsvakiridzo pamusoro pekusanganiswa kwemapolysaccharides akasiyana echisikigo yakawedzera zvakanyanya [243]. Tsvagiridzo pamusoro peyakasikwa polysaccharide compound system kumba nekune dzimwe nyika inonyanya kutarisisa kune komputa system ye curdlan uye isiri-curdlan uye kompani system yemarudzi maviri asiri-curd polysaccharide.

1.3.2.1 Kurongeka kwemhando yepolysaccharide hydrogels

Natural polysaccharides inogona kukamurwa kuita curdlan uye isiri-curdlan maererano nekugona kwavo kugadzira gels. Mamwe ma polysaccharides anogona kuumba gels pachawo, saka anonzi curdlan, akadai carrageenan, nezvimwewo; vamwe havana gelling properties ivo pachavo, uye vanonzi vasiri-curd polysaccharides, senge xanthan gum.

Hydrogels inogona kuwanikwa nekunyungudutsa yakasikwa curdlan mune aqueous solution. Kubva pane thermoreversibility yegel inoguma uye kutsamira kwekushisa kwe modulus yayo, inogona kugoverwa mumhando ina dzinotevera dzakasiyana [244]:

(1) Cryogel, polysaccharide mhinduro inogona chete kuwana gel pakadzika tembiricha, senge carrageenan.

(2) Thermally induced gel, polysaccharide solution inogona kungowana gel pakupisa kwakanyanya, seglucomannan.

(3) Mushonga wepolysaccharide haungogone kuwana gel pane tembiricha yakaderera, asi zvakare kuwana gel patembiricha yepamusoro, asi inopa mamiriro ekugadzirisa pane tembiricha yepakati.

(4) Mhinduro inogona kungowana gel pane imwe tembiricha iri pakati. Yakasiyana yakasikwa curdlan ine yayo yakakosha (yakaderera) yekumisikidza, pamusoro peiyo gel inogona kuwanikwa. Iyo yakakosha yejeri inoenderana nehurefu hunoenderera hwe polysaccharide molecular chain; simba rejeri rinonyanya kukanganiswa nekugadzirisa uye molecular weight yemhinduro, uye kazhinji, simba rejeri rinowedzera sezvo kuwedzera kunowedzera [245].

1.3.2.2 Compound system yecurdlan uye isiri-curdlan

Kubatanidza kwete-curdlan ne curdlan kazhinji inovandudza gel simba re polysaccharides [246]. Iko kusanganiswa kwekonjac gum uye carrageenan kunowedzera kugadzikana uye gel elasticity yeiyo composite gel network chimiro, uye zvakanyanya kunatsiridza simba rayo regel. Wei Yu et al. yakasanganiswa carrageenan uye konjac gum, uye yakakurukura chimiro chegel mushure mekusanganiswa. Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti mushure mekubatanidza carrageenan uye konjac gum, synergistic effect yakagadzirwa, uye network network inotungamirirwa ne carrageenan yakaumbwa, konjac gum inoparadzirwa mairi, uye gel yayo network yakaoma kupfuura iyo yakachena carrageenan [247]. Kohyama et al. akadzidza kusanganiswa kwemaitiro e carrageenan / konjac gum, uye zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti nekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwema molecular uremu wekonjac gum, kuputika kunetseka kwejeri rinosanganiswa kwakaramba kuchiwedzera; konjac chingamu ine uremu hwakasiyana hwemamorekuru yakaratidza kuumbwa kwegel kwakafanana. tembiricha. Muchikamu ichi, kuumbwa kwejel network kunoitwa ne carrageenan, uye kuwirirana pakati pemamolekemu maviri e-curdlan kunoguma nekuumbwa kwematunhu asina simba akabatanidzwa [248]. Nishinari et al. akadzidza gellan gum/konjac gum compound system, uye mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti mhedzisiro yemonovalent cations pane gel yekomboni yainyanya kutaurwa. Inogona kuwedzera sisitimu modulus uye tembiricha yekugadzira gel. Divalent cations inogona kukurudzira kuumbwa kweanosanganiswa gels kune imwe nhanho, asi yakawandisa mari inokonzeresa kuparadzaniswa kwechikamu uye kuderedza modulus yehurongwa [246]. Breneer et al. akaongorora kusanganiswa kwecarrageenan, mhashu yebhinzi chingamu uye konjac gum, ndokuona kuti carrageenan, mhashu bhinzi chingamu uye konjac chingamu zvinogona kuburitsa mubatanidzwa, uye reshiyo yakakwana imhashu bhinzi chingamu/carrageenan 1:5.5, konjac gum/carrageenan 1:7 , uye kana zvitatu izvi zvabatanidzwa pamwe chete, synergistic effect yakafanana neye carrageenan / konjac gum, zvichiratidza kuti hapana kusanganiswa kunokosha kwevatatu. kudyidzana [249].

1.3.2.2 Zvirongwa zviviri zvisina-curdlan zvakasanganiswa

Mapolysaccharides maviri echisikigo asina gel zvinhu anogona kuratidza gel zvinhu kuburikidza nekubatanidza, zvichikonzera zvigadzirwa zvegel [250]. Kubatanidza mhashu yebhinzi gum ne xanthan gum inogadzira synergistic effect inokonzera kuumbwa kwemajeri matsva [251]. Chigadzirwa chitsva chegel chinogonawo kuwanikwa nekuwedzera xanthan chingamu ku konjac glucomannan yekusanganisa [252]. Wei Yanxia et al. akadzidza rheological properties yezvakaoma zvemhashu bhinzi gum uye xanthan chingamu. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti musanganiswa wemhashu bhinzi chingamu uye xanthan chingamu unoburitsa synergistic mhedzisiro. Apo chiyero chehuwandu hwehuwandu huri 4: 6, iyo yakasimba ye synergistic effect [253]. Fitzsimons et al. yakasanganiswa konjac glucomannan ne xanthan chingamu pamhepo tembiricha uye pasi pekudziya. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti makomisheni ese airatidza gel zvivakwa, zvichiratidza synergistic mhedzisiro pakati pezviviri izvi. Iko kusanganiswa kwekushisa uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa xanthan gum haana kukanganisa kuwirirana pakati pezviviri [254]. Guo Shoujun nevamwe vakadzidza kusanganiswa kwepakutanga kwenguruve bhinzi gum uye xanthan gum, uye migumisiro yakaratidza kuti nguruve tsvina yebhinzi gum uye xanthan gum ine simba rakasimba re synergistic. The optimal compounding ratio yenguruve feces bhinzi gum uye xanthan gum compound adhesive is 6/4 (w/w). Ndiyo 102 nguva yemhinduro imwe chete ye soybean gum, uye gel inoumbwa apo kusanganiswa kwegumu yekomboni inosvika 0.4%. Iyo inonamira yekomboni ine yakakwira viscosity, kugadzikana kwakanaka uye rheological zvimiro, uye yakanakisa chikafu-mazingamu [255].

1.3.3 Kuenderana kwemapolymer anoumba

Kuenderana, kubva pakuona kwe thermodynamic, kunoreva kuwana kuenderana kwema molecular-level, inozivikanwawo semutual solubility. Zvinoenderana neiyo Flory-Huggins modhi dzidziso, iyo yemahara simba shanduko yepolymer compound system panguva yekubatanidza maitiro inoenderana neGibbs yemahara simba formula:

△���=△���-T△S (1-1)

Pakati pavo, △���ndiro simba remahara rakaoma, △���ndiko kupisa kwakaoma, ndiyo yakaoma entropy; ndiyo tembiricha yakakwana; iyo yakaoma sisitimu inoenderana system chete kana simba remahara rachinja △���panguva yakaoma maitiro [256].

Pfungwa yekusagadzikana inomuka kubva pakuti mashoma masisitimu anogona kuwana thermodynamic kuenderana. Miscibility inoreva kugona kwezvikamu zvakasiyana kugadzira homogeneous complexes, uye chirevo chinowanzo shandiswa ndechekuti macomplexes anoratidza imwe girazi shanduko poindi.

Yakasiyana nekuenderana kwe thermodynamic, kuenderana kwakajairwa kunoreva kugona kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe mukomboni system kugarisana, iyo inotsanangurwa kubva kune inoshanda yekuona [257].

Zvichienderana nekuenderana kwakajairwa, mapolymer compound masisitimu anogona kukamurwa kuita anoenderana, anoenderana uye asingaenderane zvachose masisitimu. Iyo inonyatsoenderana system inoreva kuti komboni yacho inosanganiswa ne thermodynamically pachikamu che molecular; a partally compatible system zvinoreva kuti musanganiswa unopindirana mukati meimwe tembiricha kana kuumbwa kwemhando; hurongwa husingaenderani zvachose zvinoreva kuti komboni yacho ndeye Molecular-level miscibility haigone kuwanikwa chero tembiricha kana kuumbwa.

Nekuda kweimwe misiyano yezvimiro uye conformational entropy pakati pemapolymer akasiyana, mazhinji epolymer yakaoma masisitimu anowirirana kana asingaenderane [11, 12]. Zvichienderana nekuparadzaniswa kwechikamu chegadziriro yekomboni uye nhanho yekusanganiswa, kuenderana kweiyo chikamu inoenderana system ichasiyanawo zvakanyanya [11]. Iwo macroscopic zvimiro zvepolymer macomposites ane hukama zvakanyanya nemukati memicroscope morphology uye yemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe. 240], saka zvakakosha zvikuru kudzidza iyo microscopic morphology uye kuenderana kwekomboni system.

Tsvagiridzo uye Hunhu Nzira dzekuenderana kweBinary Compounds:

(1) Girazi shanduko tembiricha T���nzira yekuenzanisa. Kuenzanisa T���yemusanganiswa pamwe neT���yezvikamu zvayo, kana imwe chete T���inoonekwa mukomboni, iyo komputa system inoenderana system; kana paine maviri T���, uye vaviri T���nzvimbo dzemukomboni dziri mumapoka maviri Pakati pemapoinzi T���inoratidza kuti musanganiswa system iine chikamu inoenderana system; kana paine maviri T���, uye dziri panzvimbo dzezvikamu zviviri T���, inoratidza kuti musanganiswa wegadziriro igadziriro isingaenderani.

T���Zviridzwa zvekuyedza zvinowanzoshandiswa mukuenzanisa nzira ndeye dynamic thermomechanical analyzer (DMA) uye differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Iyi nzira inogona kukurumidza kutonga kuenderana kwekomboni system, asi kana iyo T���zvezvikamu zviviri zvakafanana, imwe T���ichaonekwawo mushure mekubatanidza, saka nzira iyi ine zvimwe zvikanganiso [10].

(2) Mofological observation method. Kutanga, tarisa macroscopic morphology yekomboni. Kana komboni yacho iine kupatsanurwa kwechikamu kuri pachena, zvinogona kutanga zvatongwa kuti kompani system ihurongwa husingaenderane. Chechipiri, iyo microscopic morphology uye chimiro chechikamu chekomboni inocherechedzwa nemaikorosikopu. Izvo zvikamu zviviri zvinonyatsoenderana zvichaumba homogeneous state. Naizvozvo, iyo kompani ine kuenderana kwakanaka inogona kuona yunifomu yechikamu kugovera uye diki yakapararira chikamu chechikamu saizi. uye blurry interface.

Zviridzwa zvekuyedza zvinowanzo shandiswa munzira yekutarisa topografia ndeye optical microscope uye scanning electron maikorosikopu (SEM). Iyo topography yekutarisa nzira inogona kushandiswa senzira yekubatsira musanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzehunhu.

(3) Transparency nzira. Mune imwe chikamu inoenderana musanganiswa system, izvo zvikamu zviviri zvinogona kuenderana mukati meimwe tembiricha uye kuumbwa kwemhando, uye kupatsanurwa kwechikamu kuchaitika kupfuura iyi. Muchiito cheshanduko yekomboni system kubva kune homogeneous system kuenda kune maviri-phase system, iyo mwenje transmittance inoshanduka, saka kuenderana kwayo kunogona kudzidzwa nekudzidza kujeka kwekomboni.

Iyi nzira inogona kungoshandiswa senzira yekubatsira, nekuti kana ma indices erefractive emapolymers maviri akafanana, musanganiswa unowanikwa nekubatanidza mapolymer maviri asingaenderane unobudawo pachena.

(4) Rheological nzira. Munzira iyi, kushanduka kamwe kamwe kweiyo viscoelastic parameters yekomboni inoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekuparadzaniswa kwechikamu, semuenzaniso, kushanduka kamwe kamwe kweviscosity-temperature curve kunoshandiswa kuratidza kuparadzaniswa kwechikamu, uye kushanduka kamwe kamwe kwekuonekwa. shear stress-temperature curve inoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekuparadzaniswa kwechikamu. Iyo yekubatanidza sisitimu isina kupatsanurwa kwechikamu mushure mekubatanidza ine kuenderana kwakanaka, uye avo vane chikamu chekuparadzaniswa havaenderane kana chikamu chinoenderana system [258].

(5) Han's curve nzira. Han's curve is lg���'(���) lg G”, kana Han’s curve yecompound system isina kutsamira tembiricha, uye iyo Han’s curve patembiricha yakasiyana inoumba main curve, iyo compound system inowirirana; kana iyo kompani system ichienderana Iyo Han's curve inotsamira tembiricha. Kana iyo Han's curve yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune imwe neimwe kune dzakasiyana tembiricha uye haikwanise kuumba main curve, iyo komputa system haienderane kana chikamu inoenderana. Nokudaro, kuwirirana kwekomboni system inogona kutongwa maererano nekuparadzaniswa kweHan's curve.

(6) Solution viscosity nzira. Iyi nzira inoshandisa shanduko yemhinduro viscosity kuratidza kuenderana kwekomboni system. Pasi pekugadzirisa kwakasiyana-siyana, iyo viscosity yekomboni inorongerwa kupesana nekuumbwa. Kana iri hukama hwemutsara, zvinoreva kuti iyo komputa system inoenderana zvachose; kana iri hukama husina mutsara, zvinoreva kuti iyo komputa system inoenderana zvishoma; kana iri S-yakaita curve, zvino inoratidza kuti komputa system haienderane zvachose [10].

(7) Infrared spectroscopy. Mushure mekunge mapolymer maviri aya asanganiswa, kana kuenderana kwakanaka, pachava nekudyidzana kwakadai sehydrogen bond, uye mabhendi emapoka ehunhu pane infrared spectrum yeboka rega rega pane polymer cheni ichachinja. Kugadziriswa kwemaitiro eboka mabhendi ezvakaoma uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinogona kutonga kuenderana kweiyo yakaoma system.

Mukuwedzera, kuwirirana kwezvakaoma zvinogonawo kuongororwa ne thermogravimetric analyzers, X-ray diffraction, duku angle X-ray kuparadzira, kupararira kwechiedza, neutron electron kupararira, nuclear magnetic resonance uye ultrasonic techniques [10].

1.3.4 Kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose/hydroxypropyl starch kusanganisa

1.3.4.1 Kusanganiswa kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose nezvimwe zvinhu

Macompounds eHPMC uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mumishonga-inodzorwa kuburitsa masisitimu uye zvinodyiwa kana zvinoshatisa zvemafirimu ekurongedza zvinhu. Mukushandiswa kwekuburitswa kunodzorwa nezvinodhaka, mapolymers anowanzo kusanganiswa neHPMC anosanganisira mapolima ekugadzira akadai sepolyvinyl doro (PVA), lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) uye polycaprolactone (PCL), pamwe nemapuroteni, Natural polymers senge. polysaccharides. Abdel-Zaher et al. akadzidza kuumbwa kwemaitiro, kugadzikana kwekupisa uye hukama hwavo nekushanda kweHPMC / PVA composites, uye zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti pane imwe miscibility pamberi pemapolymers maviri [259]. Zabihi et al. yakashandisa HPMC / PLGA yakaoma kugadzirira microcapsules kuti idzore uye igare yakasunungurwa ye insulini, iyo inogona kuwana kusunungurwa kwakasimba mudumbu uye mudumbu [260]. Javed et al. yakasanganiswa hydrophilic HPMC uye hydrophobic PCL uye yakashandisa HPMC/PCL complexes se microcapsule zvinhu zvemishonga inodzorwa uye inosunungurwa kusunungurwa, iyo inogona kusunungurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri womunhu nekugadzirisa chiyero chekubatanidza [261]. Ding et al. akadzidza rheological properties senge viscosity, dynamic viscoelasticity, creep recovery, uye thixotropy yeHPMC / collagen complexes inoshandiswa mumunda wekubudiswa kwemishonga inodzorwa, ichipa mazano ezvinyorwa zvekushanda kwemaindasitiri [262]. Arthanari, Cai naRai et al. [263-265] Mamiriro ezvinhu eHPMC uye polysaccharides akadai se chitosan, xanthan gum, uye sodium alginate akaiswa mukugadzirisa kwekudzivirira uye kusunungurwa kwezvinodhaka kusunungurwa, uye zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinogadziriswa [263-265].

Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinodyiwa kana zvinoshatisa zvemafirimu ekurongedza, mapolymers anowanzo kusanganiswa neHPMC anonyanya kuumbwa mapolymers akadai se lipids, mapuroteni uye polysaccharides. Karaca, Fagundes naContreras-Oliva et al. akagadzirira zvinodyika composite membranes ane HPMC/lipid complexes, uye akaashandisa mukuchengetedza plums, cherry madomasi uye citrus, zvichiteerana. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti HPMC / lipid yakaoma membranes yaive yakanaka antibacterial mhedzisiro yekutsva-kuchengeta [266-268]. Shetty, Rubilar, uye Ding et al. akadzidza ma mechanical properties, thermal stability, microstructure, uye kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu zvemafirimu anodyiwa akagadzirwa akagadzirirwa kubva kuHPMC, silk protein, whey protein isolate, uye collagen, maererano [269-271]. Esteghlal et al. yakagadzira HPMC negelatin kugadzirira mafirimu anodyika kuti ashandiswe mune bio-based packaging zvinhu [111]. Priya, Kondaveeti, Sakata naOrtega-Toro et al. yakagadzirira HPMC / chitosan HPMC / xyloglucan, HPMC / ethyl cellulose uye HPMC / starch edible composite films, maererano, uye vakadzidza kugadzikana kwavo kwekupisa, mechanical properties properties, microstructure uye antibacterial properties [139, 272-274]. Iyo HPMC/PLA kompani inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyakarongedza zvinhu zvechikafu, kazhinji neextrusion [275].

Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinodyiwa kana zvinoshatisa zvemafirimu ekurongedza, mapolymers anowanzo kusanganiswa neHPMC anonyanya kuumbwa mapolymers akadai se lipids, mapuroteni uye polysaccharides. Karaca, Fagundes naContreras-Oliva et al. akagadzirira zvinodyika composite membranes ane HPMC/lipid complexes, uye akaashandisa mukuchengetedza plums, cherry madomasi uye citrus, zvichiteerana. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti HPMC / lipid yakaoma membranes yaive yakanaka antibacterial mhedzisiro yekutsva-kuchengeta [266-268]. Shetty, Rubilar, uye Ding et al. akadzidza ma mechanical properties, thermal stability, microstructure, uye kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu zvemafirimu anodyiwa akagadzirwa akagadzirirwa kubva kuHPMC, silk protein, whey protein isolate, uye collagen, maererano [269-271]. Esteghlal et al. yakagadzira HPMC negelatin kugadzirira mafirimu anodyika kuti ashandiswe mune bio-based packaging zvinhu [111]. Priya, Kondaveeti, Sakata naOrtega-Toro et al. yakagadzirira HPMC / chitosan HPMC / xyloglucan, HPMC / ethyl cellulose uye HPMC / starch edible composite films, maererano, uye vakadzidza kugadzikana kwavo kwekupisa, mechanical properties properties, microstructure uye antibacterial properties [139, 272-274]. Iyo HPMC/PLA kompani inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyakarongedza zvinhu zvechikafu, kazhinji neextrusion [275].

1.3.4.2 Kusanganiswa kwestarch nezvimwe zvinhu

Tsvagiridzo yekusanganiswa kwestarch uye zvimwe zvinhu pakutanga yakanangana neakasiyana hydrophobic aliphatic polyester zvinhu, zvinosanganisira polylactic asidhi (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutene succinic acid (PBSA), etc. 276]. Muller et al. akadzidza chimiro uye zvivakwa zve starch / PLA composites uye kusangana pakati pezviviri, uye zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti kuwirirana pakati pezviviri kwakanga kusina simba uye maitiro emagetsi ezvinyorwa akanga asina kunaka [277]. Correa, Komur naDiaz-Gomez et al. akadzidza ma mechanical properties, rheological properties, gel properties uye kuwirirana kwezvikamu zviviri zve starch / PCL complexes, iyo yakashandiswa pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinogadziriswa, biomedical Materials uye Tissue Engineering Scaffolding Materials [278-280]. Ohkika et al. akawana kuti musanganiswa we cornstarch nePBSA unovimbisa zvikuru. Kana iyo starch yemukati iri 5-30%, kuwedzera zvirimo zve starch granules zvinogona kuwedzera modulus uye kuderedza kushushikana kushushikana uye kurebesa panguva yekuzorora [281,282]. Hydrophobic aliphatic polyester ndeye thermodynamically isingaenderane ne hydrophilic starch, uye akasiyana-siyana anopindirana uye ekuwedzera anowanzo wedzerwa kuvandudza chikamu chepakati pakati pe starch nepolyester. Szadkowska, Ferri, naLi et al. akadzidza mhedzisiro ye silanol-based plasticizers, maleic anhydride linseed mafuta, uye inoshanda yemafuta yemiriwo inobuda pachimiro uye zvivakwa zve starch / PLA complexes, zvichiteerana [283-285]. Ortega-Toro, Yu et al. yakashandisa citric acid uye diphenylmethane diisocyanate kuti ienderane starch / PCL musanganiswa uye starch / PBSA musanganiswa, zvichiteerana, kuvandudza zvinhu uye kugadzikana [286, 287].

Mumakore achangopfuura, kutsvagurudza kwakawanda kwakaitwa pakusanganiswa kwestarch nemapolymer echisikigo senge mapuroteni, polysaccharides uye lipids. Teklehaimanot, Sahin-Nadeen naZhang et al vakadzidza physicochemical properties ye starch/zein, starch/whey protein uye starch/gelatin complexes, zvichiteerana, uye mhedzisiro yacho yese yakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka, inogona kushandiswa kune chikafu biomaterials uye capsules [52, 288, 289]. Lozanno-Navarro, Talon naRen et al. akadzidza transmittance yechiedza, mechanical properties, antibacterial properties uye chitosan concentration ye starch / chitosan composite films, zvichiteerana, uye yakawedzera zvinyorwa zvechisikigo, tii polyphenols uye mamwe maantibacterial echisikigo ekugadzirisa antibacterial effect yecomposite firimu. Mhedzisiro yetsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti iyo starch / chitosan composite firimu ine mukana mukuru mukushanda kurongedza kwechikafu nemishonga [290-292]. Kaushik, Ghanbarzadeh, Arvanitoyannis, uye Zhang et al. akadzidza maitiro e starch / cellulose nanocrystals, starch / carboxymethylcellulose, starch / methylcellulose, uye starch / hydroxypropylmethylcellulose composite mafirimu, maererano, uye kushandiswa kukuru mune zvinodyiwa / biodegradable packaging materials [293-295]. Dafe, Jumaidin naLascombes et al. akadzidza starch / chikafu chingamu makomisheni akadai sestarch / pectin, starch / agar uye starch / carrageenan, inonyanya kushandiswa mumunda wekudya uye kurongedza chikafu [296-298]. Iyo physicochemical properties ye tapioca starch / corn mafuta, starch / lipid complexes yakadzidzwa naPerez, De et al., Kunyanya kutungamirira nzira yekugadzirwa kwezvokudya zvakawedzerwa [299, 300].

1.3.4.3 Kusanganiswa kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose uye starch

Parizvino, hapana zvidzidzo zvakawanda pamusoro pekomboni system yeHPMC uye starch kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, uye mazhinji acho ari kuwedzera huwandu hushoma hweHPMC mune starch matrix kuvandudza kuchembera chiitiko che starch. Jimenez et al. yakashandisa HPMC kuderedza kuchembera kwestarchi yekuzvarwa kuti ivandudze permeability ye starch membranes. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kweHPMC kwakaderedza kuchembera kwesitashi uye kwakawedzera kushanduka kweiyo composite membrane. Iyo oksijeni inopindirana yemubatanidzwa membrane yakawedzera zvakanyanya, asi iyo isina mvura kuita haina. Yakawanda sei yachinja [301]. Villacres, Basch et al. yakasanganiswa HPMC uye tapioca starch kugadzirira HPMC/starch composite film packaging materials, uye akadzidza plasticizing mhedzisiro yeglycerin pacomposite firimu uye mhedzisiro ye potassium sorbate uye nisin pane antibacterial zvimiro zvecomposite firimu. Mhedzisiro Inoratidza kuti nekuwedzera kweHPMC yemukati, iyo elastic modulus uye kusimba kwesimba reiyo composite firimu rinowedzerwa, kureba panguva yekuzorora kunodzikira, uye mhute yemvura permeability haina mhedzisiro; potassium sorbate uye nisin zvinogona kuvandudza firimu rinoumbwa. Iyo antibacterial effect yeaviri antibacterial agents iri nani kana yakashandiswa pamwechete [112, 302]. Ortega-Toro et al. akadzidza zvimiro zveHPMC/starch inopisa-yakadzvanywa composite membranes, uye akadzidza mhedzisiro yecitric acid pane zvivakwa zvecomposite membranes. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti HPMC yakaparadzirwa muchikamu chesitashi chinoenderera, uye zvese citric acid neHPMC zvakave nemhedzisiro pakuchembera kwesitashi. kune imwe nhanho yekudzivisa [139]. Ayorinde et al. yakashandisa HPMC / starch composite firimu yekuputira yemuromo amlodipine, uye mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti nguva yekuparara uye kuburitswa kweiyo firimu remubatanidzwa yaive yakanaka kwazvo [303].

Zhao Ming et al. akadzidza mhedzisiro yesitashi pachiyero chekuchengetedza mvura kwemafirimu eHPMC, uye mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti starch neHPMC yaive neimwe synergistic mhedzisiro, izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwese kwehuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura [304]. Zhang et al. akadzidza iyo firimu zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS komboni uye rheological zvimiro zvemhinduro. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti iyo HPMC/HPS kompani system ine kumwe kuenderana, iyo mukomboni membrane performance yakanaka, uye rheological properties yeHPS kuHPMC Iine yakanaka balancing effect [305, 306]. Pane zvidzidzo zvishoma paHPMC/starch compound system ine yakakwira HPMC yemukati, uye mazhinji acho ari mukusadzika kwekuita tsvagiridzo, uye tsvakiridzo yetioreti yekomboni system iri kushomeka, kunyanya gel yeHPMC/HPS kutonhora-kupisa kwakadzoserwa. -phase composite gel. Mechanistic zvidzidzo zvichiri munzvimbo isina chinhu.

1.4 Rheology yepolymer complexes

Mukugadzirisa zvinhu zvepolymer, kuyerera uye deformation zvichaitika, uye rheology ndiyo sainzi inodzidza kuyerera uye deformation mitemo yezvinhu [307]. Kuyerera ipfuma yemidziyo yemvura, nepo deformation ipfuma yakasimba (crystalline) zvinhu. Kuenzanisa kwakazara kwekuyerera kwemvura uye yakasimba deformation ndeyotevera:

Mukushanda kwemaindasitiri mashandisirwo ezvigadzirwa zvepolymer, viscosity yavo uye viscoelasticity inotaridza kuita kwavo kugadzirisa. Mukugadzirisa nekuumbwa, nekushandurwa kweshear rate, viscosity yezvinhu zvepolymer inogona kuva nehukuru hukuru hwemirairo yakawanda yehukuru. Shanduko [308]. Rheological zvivakwa senge viscosity uye shear kuonda zvinokanganisa zvakananga kutonga kwekupomba, perfusion, kupararira uye kupfapfaidza panguva yekugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvepolymer, uye ndizvo zvakanyanya kukosha zvepolymer zvinhu.

1.4.1 Viscoelasticity yemapolymers

Pasi pesimba rekunze, mvura yepolymer haigone kungoyerera chete, asiwo kuratidza deformation, ichiratidza rudzi rwe "viscoelasticity" kuita, uye hunhu hwayo ndiko kugarisana kwe "solid-liquid two-phase" [309]. Zvisinei, iyi viscoelasticity haisi mutsara we viscoelasticity padiki deformations, asi nonlinear viscoelasticity apo zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kukanganisa kukuru uye kushushikana kwenguva refu [310].

Iyo yakasikwa polysaccharide aqueous solution inonziwo hydrosol. Mumushonga we dilute, mapolysaccharide macromolecules ari muchimiro chemakoiri akaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe. Kana iyo yekuisa pfungwa ichiwedzera kune imwe kukosha, iyo macromolecular coils inopindirana uye inopindirana. Kukosha kunonzi kukosha kwakanyanya [311]. Pasi pehutano hwakakosha, viscosity yemhinduro inenge yakaderera, uye haina kukanganiswa neshear rate, kuratidza maitiro eNewtonian fluid; kana iyo yakakosha yekumisikidzwa inosvika, iwo macromolecules anotanga kufamba ari ega anotanga kupindirana, uye mhinduro viscosity inowedzera zvakanyanya. kuwedzera [312]; nepo kana iyo yakasungirirwa inodarika iyo yakanyanya kuomesesa, shear kuonda kunoonekwa uye mhinduro inoratidza isiri-Newtonian fluid maitiro [245].

Mamwe ma hydrosols anogona kugadzira gels pasi pemamwe mamiriro, uye yavo viscoelastic zvimiro zvinowanzo zivikanwa nekuchengetedza modulus G', kurasikirwa modulus G” uye kutsamira kwadzo kakawanda. Iyo modulus yekuchengetedza inoenderana nekunyungudika kwehurongwa, nepo Iyo yekurasikirwa modulus inoenderana neiyo viscosity yehurongwa [311]. Mumhinduro dzakadzika, hapana kupindirana pakati pemamorekuru, saka pamusoro peakasiyana ma frequency, G' idiki zvakanyanya pane G ″, uye yakaratidza kutsamira kwakasimba frequency. Sezvo G′ uye G″ zvakaenzana nefrequency ω uye quadratic yayo, zvichiteerana, kana frequency yakakwira, G′> G″. Kana iyo yekumisikidza yakakwira kupfuura iyo yakakosha yekumisikidza, G′ uye G ″ ichine frequency kutsamira. Kana iyo frequency yakaderera, G' <G″, uye iyo frequency inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, iyo miviri ichayambuka, uye ichidzokera kuG'> munzvimbo yakakwirira frequency G".

Iyo yakakosha poindi iyo yakasikwa polysaccharide hydrosol inoshandura kuita gel inonzi gel point. Kune dzakawanda tsananguro dze gel point, uye inonyanya kushandiswa ndiyo tsanangudzo ye dynamic viscoelasticity mu rheology. Kana iyo modulus yekuchengetedza G′ yehurongwa yakaenzana nekurasika modulus G ″, ndiyo gel point, uye G'> G″ Gel kuumbwa [312, 313].

Mamwe mamorekuru epolysaccharide echisikigo anoumba masangano asina simba, uye chimiro chavo chegel chinoparadzwa nyore, uye G' ihombe zvishoma pane G”, ichiratidza kutsamira kwakaderera; nepo mamwe mamorekuru epolysaccharide echisikigo anogona kuumba nzvimbo dzakagadzikana dzakachinjika, iyo Iyo gel chimiro chakasimba, G' yakakura kupfuura G ″, uye haina frequency inotsamira [311].

1.4.2 Rheological maitiro epolymer complexes

Kuti inyatsoenderana nepolymer compound system, musanganiswa ihomogeneous system, uye viscoelasticity yayo inowanzova huwandu hwezvinhu zvepolymer imwe chete, uye viscoelasticity yayo inogona kutsanangurwa nemirairo yakapfava [314]. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti iyo homogeneous system haigone kuvandudzwa kweiyo mechanic zvinhu. Pane zvinopesana, mamwe masisitimu akaomarara ane zvikamu-akapatsanurwa zvimiro zvine mashandiro akanaka [315].

Iko kuwirirana kwechikamu chinoenderana nechikamu chekomboni system kuchakanganiswa nezvinhu zvakaita seyero yekomboni yehurongwa, shear rate, tembiricha uye chimiro chechikamu, kuratidza kuenderana kana kuparadzaniswa kwechikamu, uye shanduko kubva pakuenderana kuenda kuchikamu chekuparadzaniswa hazvidzivisiki. zvichitungamira kune shanduko dzakakosha muviscoelasticity yehurongwa [316, 317]. Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nezvidzidzo zvakawanda nezve viscoelastic hunhu hwechikamu chinowirirana polymer yakaoma masisitimu. Tsvagiridzo iyi inoratidza kuti rheological maitiro eiyo komputa system munzvimbo inowirirana inopa maitiro eiyo homogeneous system. Muchikamu chekuparadzanisa nzvimbo, rheological maitiro akasiyana zvachose kubva kune homogeneous zone uye yakanyanya kuoma.

Kunzwisisa rheological properties yecompounding system pasi pezvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisa ratios, shear rates, tembiricha, nezvimwewo zvakakosha zvikuru pakusarudzwa kwakaringana kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa tekinoroji, dhizaini yemafomati, kutonga kwakasimba kwemhando yechigadzirwa, uye kudzikisira kwakakodzera kwekugadzirwa. kushandiswa kwesimba. [309]. Somuenzaniso, nokuda kwekushisa-sensitive materials, viscosity yezvinhu inogona kuchinjwa nekugadzirisa kutonhora. Uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa; nzwisisa shear thinning zone yechinhu, sarudza yakakodzera shear mwero kudzora magadzirirwo echinyorwa, uye kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwakanaka.

1.4.3 Zvinhu zvinokanganisa rheological properties yekomboni

1.4.3.1 Maumbirwo

Izvo zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvimiro uye mukati memukati weiyo komputa system chiratidzo chakazara chemipiro yakasanganiswa yezvivakwa zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe uye kudyidzana pakati pezvikamu. Naizvozvo, izvo zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvimiro zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe pachazvo zvine basa rekuita mukomboni system. Dhigirii rekuenderana pakati pemapolymer akasiyana anosiyana zvakanyanya, mamwe anonyatsoenderana, uye mamwe anenge asingaenderane zvachose.

1.4.3.2 The ratio yecompound system

Iyo viscoelasticity uye mechanical zvimiro zvepolymer compound system ichachinja zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwereshiyo yekomboni. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti reshiyo yekomboni inotaridza mupiro wechikamu chimwe nechimwe kune kompani system, uye zvakare inobata chikamu chimwe nechimwe. kudyidzana uye kugoverwa kwechikamu. Xie Yajie et al. akadzidza chitosan/hydroxypropyl cellulose uye akawana kuti viscosity yekomboni yakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwe hydroxypropyl cellulose content [318]. Zhang Yayuan et al. akadzidza kuoma kwe xanthan gum uye corn starch uye akawana kuti kana chiyero che xanthan gum chaive 10%, kuwirirana kwehutano, kushushikana kwegoho uye index yemvura yegadziriro yakaoma yakawedzera zvikuru. Zviri pachena [319].

1.4.3.3 Shear rate

Zvinwiwa zvakawanda zvepolymer zvinwiwa zvepseudoplastic, izvo zvisingaenderane nemutemo waNewton wekuyerera. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti viscosity haina kuchinjika pasi pekucheka kwakadzika, uye viscosity inoderera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweshear rate [308, 320]. Iyo inoyerera curve yepolymer fluid inogona kukamurwa kuita matunhu matatu: yakaderera shear Newtonian dunhu, shear thinning dunhu uye yakakwirira shear kugadzikana dunhu. Kana shear rate yasvika zero, kushushikana uye kunetsa kunoita mutsara, uye mafambiro emvura anofanana neaNewtonian fluid. Panguva ino, viscosity inotarisa kune imwe kukosha, iyo inonzi zero-shear viscosity η0. η0 inoratidza iyo yakanyanya kuzorora nguva yechinhu uye yakakosha paramende yepolymer zvinhu, zvine hukama neavhareji mamorekuru huremu hwepolymer uye activation simba rekuyerera kwe viscous. Munzvimbo yekucheka shear, viscosity inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kweshear rate, uye chiitiko che "shear thinning" chinoitika. Iyi zone inzvimbo yekuyerera yakajairwa mukugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvepolymer. Munharaunda yakadzikama yeshear, sezvo chiyero cheshear chinoramba chichiwedzera, viscosity inotarisa kune imwe nguva dzose, iyo isingagumi shear viscosity η∞, asi iyi nharaunda inowanzooma kusvika.

1.4.3.4 Tembiricha

Tembiricha inokanganisa zvakananga kusimba kweiyo random thermal kufamba kwemamorekuru, ayo anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kupindirana kweintermolecular senge diffusion, molecular chain orientation, uye kupinda mukati. Kazhinji, panguva yekuyerera kwezvinhu zvepolymer, kufamba kwemaketani emaketani kunoitwa muzvikamu; sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, vhoriyamu yemahara inowedzera, uye kuyerera kupikisa kwezvikamu kunoderera, saka viscosity inoderera. Nekudaro, kune mamwe mapolymers, sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, hydrophobic kushamwaridzana kunoitika pakati pemaketani, saka viscosity inowedzera panzvimbo.

Mapolymer akasiyana-siyana ane madhigirii akasiyana ekunzwa kune tembiricha, uye iyo yakafanana yakakwira polymer ine mhedzisiro dzakasiyana pakuita kwemeshini yayo mumatembiricha akasiyana.

1.5 Kukosha kwekutsvagisa, chinangwa chekutsvagisa uye kutsvagisa zvirimo zvechinyorwa ichi

1.5.1 Tsvakurudzo yakakosha

Kunyangwe HPMC iri chinhu chakachengeteka uye chinodyiwa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wezvekudya nemishonga, ine yakanaka yekugadzira firimu, kuparadzira, kukora, uye kudzikamisa zvivakwa. HPMC firimu zvakare rine zvakanaka pachena, oiri barriers zvivakwa, uye michina zvivakwa. Nekudaro, mutengo wayo wepamusoro (ungaita 100,000/ton) inoganhura kushandiswa kwayo kwakakura, kunyangwe mumhando yepamusoro-yemhando yemishonga yekushandisa senge capsules. Uye zvakare, HPMC igeri rinokonzeresa, rinowanikwa munzvimbo inogadziriswa ine yakaderera viscosity pakadzika tembiricha, uye inogona kugadzira viscous yakasimba-senge gel pakupisa kwepamusoro, saka maitiro ekugadzirisa akadai sekupfeka, kupfapfaidza uye kunyura kunofanirwa Kutakurwa. kunze pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakwira uye mutengo wakakura wekugadzira. Zvivakwa zvakaita seyakaderera viscosity uye gel simba reHPMC pazasi tembiricha inoderedza kufambiswa kweHPMC mune akawanda maapplication.

Kusiyana neizvi, HPS chinhu chakachipa (chingaita 20,000/ton) chinodyika icho chinoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumunda wezvekudya nemishonga. Chikonzero nei HPMC ichidhura ndechekuti iyo mbishi cellulose inoshandiswa kugadzirira HPMC inodhura kupfuura iyo yakabikwa starch inoshandiswa kugadzirira HPS. Pamusoro pezvo, HPMC inonamatidzwa nezvinotsiva zviviri, hydroxypropyl uye methoxy. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzira yekugadzirira yakaoma kwazvo, saka mutengo weHPMC wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura weHPS. Iyi purojekiti inotarisira kutsiva mamwe maHPMC anodhura neHPS yakaderera-mutengo, uye kuderedza mutengo wechigadzirwa pamusana pekuchengetedza mabasa akafanana.

Uye zvakare, HPS inotonhora gel, iripo mune viscoelastic gel mamiriro pakadzika tembiricha uye inoumba inoyerera mhinduro pakupisa kwakanyanya. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera HPS kune HPMC kunogona kuderedza tembiricha yegel yeHPMC uye kuwedzera viscosity yayo pane yakaderera tembiricha. uye gel simba, kuvandudza kwayo processability panguva yakaderera tembiricha. Zvakare, HPS inodyika firimu ine yakanaka okisijeni barriers zvivakwa, saka kuwedzera HPS muHPMC kunogona kuvandudza okisijeni barriers zvivakwa zvefirimu rinodyika.

Muchidimbu, musanganiswa weHPMC neHPS: Chekutanga, ine zvakakosha theoretical kukosha. HPMC ijiri rinopisa, uye HPS ijiri inotonhora. Nekusanganisa izvo zviviri, pane theoretically nzvimbo yekuchinja pakati pekupisa uye kutonhora gels. Kugadzwa kweHPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa gel compound system uye tsvakiridzo yayo yemuchina inogona kupa nzira nyowani yekutsvagisa yemhando iyi yekutonhora uye inopisa yakadzoserwa-chikamu gel kommoni system, yakamisa dzidziso yedzidziso. Chechipiri, inogona kuderedza mitengo yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa purofiti yechigadzirwa. Kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kweHPS neHPMC, mutengo wekugadzira unogona kudzikiswa maererano nezvigadzirwa uye kugadzira simba rekushandisa, uye purofiti yechigadzirwa inogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Chechitatu, inogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa uye kuwedzera application. Kuwedzerwa kweHPS kunogona kuwedzera kusimba uye gel simba reHPMC pane yakaderera tembiricha, uye kunatsiridza mashandiro ayo ekugadzirisa pane yakaderera tembiricha. Mukuwedzera, kushanda kwechigadzirwa kunogona kuvandudzwa. Nekuwedzera HPS kugadzirira iyo inodyika composite firimu reHPMC/HPS, iyo okisijeni inovharira zvimiro zvemufirimu rinodyika zvinogona kuvandudzwa.

Iko kuenderana kwepolymer compound system inogona kuona zvakananga iyo microscopic morphology uye yakazara zvimiro zvekomboni, kunyanya iyo mechanic zvinhu. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti udzidze kuenderana kweHPMC/HPS komputa system. Ose maviri HPMC neHPS ari hydrophilic polysaccharides ane yakafanana structural unit-glucose uye yakagadziridzwa neiyo imwechete inoshanda boka hydroxypropyl, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya kuenderana kweHPMC/HPS komputa system. Nekudaro, HPMC inotonhora gel uye HPS ijiri inopisa, uye inverse gel maitiro ezviviri zvinotungamira kuchikamu chekuparadzanisa chiitiko cheHPMC/HPS kompani system. Muchidimbu, iyo phase morphology uye chikamu shanduko yeHPMC/HPS inotonhora-inopisa gel composite system yakaoma, saka kuenderana uye kuparadzaniswa kwechikamu chegadziriro ino kuchave kunonakidza.

Iyo morphological chimiro uye rheological maitiro epolymer yakaoma masisitimu yakabatana. Kune rumwe rutivi, rheological maitiro panguva yekugadzirisa ichava nemigumisiro yakawanda pane morphological chimiro chegadziriro; kune rumwe rutivi, maitiro e-rheological ehurongwa anogona kunyatsoratidza kuchinja kwechimiro chechimiro chegadziriro. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha zvikuru kudzidza iyo rheological zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS kompani system yekutungamira kugadzirwa, kugadzirisa uye kutonga kwemhando.

Iyo macroscopic zvimiro senge morphological chimiro, kugarisana uye rheology yeHPMC / HPS inotonhora uye inopisa gel compound system ine simba, uye inobatwa neyakatevedzana yezvinhu zvakadai sekugadzirisa kugadzirisa, kusanganisa ratio, shear rate uye tembiricha. Hukama huri pakati pe microscopic morphological structure uye macroscopic properties ye composite system inogona kudzorwa nekudzora morphological structure uye kuenderana kwecomposite system.

1.5.2 Chinangwa chetsvakiridzo

Iyo HPMC / HPS inotonhora uye inopisa reversed-phase gel compound system yakagadzirwa, rheological properties yakadzidzwa, uye migumisiro yechimiro chemuviri uye chemakemikari yezvikamu, kusanganiswa kwehuwandu uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa pane rheological properties yegadziriro yakaongororwa. Iyo inodyika inosanganiswa firimu yeHPMC/HPS yakagadzirwa, uye macroscopic zvimiro zvakaita semakanika zvivakwa, mhepo inopenya uye optical zvimiro zvefirimu zvakadzidzwa, uye zvinofurira zvinhu nemitemo zvakaongororwa. Dzidza zvakarongeka shanduko yechikamu, kuenderana uye kupatsanurwa kwechikamu cheHPMC / HPS inotonhora uye inopisa yakadzoserwa-chikamu gel yakaoma system, ongorora ayo anopesvedzera zvinhu uye maitiro, uye simbisa hukama pakati pemicroscopic morphological chimiro uye macroscopic zvimiro. Iyo morphological chimiro uye kuenderana kweiyo composite system inoshandiswa kudzora maitiro ezvakagadzirwa zvinhu.

1.5.3 Tsvakurudzo yezvinyorwa

Kuti uwane chinangwa chetsvakiridzo chinotarisirwa, bepa rino rinoita tsvakiridzo inotevera:

(1) Gadzira iyo HPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa reversed-phase gel compound system, uye shandisa rheometer kudzidza rheological properties yemukomboni mhinduro, kunyanya mhedzisiro yekuisa pfungwa, kusanganisa ratio uye shear rate pane viscosity uye kuyerera indekisi ye. iyo compound system. Iyo pesvedzero uye mutemo weiyo rheological zvivakwa senge thixotropy uye thixotropy zvakaongororwa, uye magadzirirwo emagetsi anotonhora uye anopisa anoumbwa akaongororwa.

(2) HPMC/HPS inodyiwa inoumbwa firimu yakagadzirwa, uye scanning electron maikorosikopu yakashandiswa kudzidza pesvedzero yezvakasikwa zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe uye reshiyo yekuumbwa pane microscopic morphology yecomposite firimu; iyo mechanical property tester yakashandiswa kudzidza maitiro ezvisikwa zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kuumbwa kwefirimu inosanganiswa Kufuridzirwa kwereshiyo uye zvakatipoteredza hunyoro hunyoro pamagetsi emagetsi efirimu inosanganiswa; kushandiswa kweiyo oxygen transmission rate tester uye UV-Vis spectrophotometer yekudzidza mhedzisiro yezvakasikwa zvivakwa zvezvikamu uye chiyero chekomisheni pane okisijeni uye chiedza chekufambisa zvinhu zvemusanganiswa firimu Kuenderana uye kupatsanurwa kwechikamu cheHPMC / HPS inotonhora- inopisa inverse gel composite system yakadzidzwa nekuongorora electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis uye dynamic thermomechanical analysis.

(3) Ukama huri pakati pe microscopic morphology uye mechanical properties yeHPMC / HPS inotonhora-inopisa inverse gel composite system yakasimbiswa. Iyo inodyika inosanganiswa firimu yeHPMC / HPS yakagadzirirwa, uye pesvedzero yekomboni yekumisikidza uye mubatanidzwa reshiyo pachikamu chekugovera uye chikamu chekuchinja chemuenzaniso chakadzidzwa ne optical microscope uye iodine dyeing nzira; Iyo pesvedzero yekutonga kwekomboni concentration uye kombindi reshiyo pane mechanical zvivakwa uye chiedza kutapurirana zvimiro zvesamples zvakamiswa. Hukama huri pakati peiyo microstructure uye mechaniki zvinhu zveHPMC/HPS inotonhora-inopisa inverse gel composite system yakaongororwa.

(4) Mhedzisiro yeHPS substitution degree pane rheological properties uye gel zvinhu zveHPMC/HPS inotonhora-inopisa yakadzoserwa-phase gel composite system. Mhedzisiro yeHPS substitution degree, shear rate uye tembiricha pane viscosity uye zvimwe rheological zvimiro zvekomboni system, pamwe neiyo gel transition point, modulus frequency kutsamira uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvegel uye mitemo yavo yakadzidzwa nekushandisa rheometer. Iyo tembiricha-inoenderana nechikamu chekugovera uye chikamu chekuchinja kwemasamples zvakadzidzwa neiyo iodine tsvina, uye gelation mechanism yeHPMC/HPS inotonhora-inopisa yakadzoserwa-phase gel yakaoma system yakatsanangurwa.

(5) Mhedzisiro yemakemikari ekugadziriswa kweHPS pane macroscopic zvimiro uye kuenderana kweHPMC / HPS inotonhora-inopisa yakadzoserwa-phase gel composite system. Iyo inodyika inosanganiswa firimu yeHPMC/HPS yakagadzirwa, uye mhedzisiro yeHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree pakristaro chimiro uye micro-domain chimiro cheiyo composite firimu yakadzidzwa nesynchrotron radiation diki-angle X-ray yekuparadzira tekinoroji. Mutemo wepesvedzero weHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree pamichina yezvigadzirwa zvecomposite membrane yakadzidzwa ne mechanical property tester; mutemo wepesvedzero weHPS substitution degree pane oxygen permeability yecomposite membrane yakadzidzwa neokisijeni permeability tester; iyo HPS hydroxypropyl Kupesvedzera kweboka rekutsiva dhigirii pane kugadzikana kwekupisa kweHPMC/HPS akaumbwa mafirimu.

Chitsauko 2 Rheological kudzidza yeHPMC/HPS komputa system

Mafirimu emhando yepolymer-based edible anogona kugadzirwa nenzira iri nyore yekunyorova [321]. Kutanga, iyo polymer inonyungudutswa kana kuparadzirwa muchikamu chemvura kugadzirira inodyiwa yefirimu-inogadzira mvura kana firimu-inogadzira kumiswa, uye yozoiswa nekubvisa solvent. Pano, kuvhiyiwa kunowanzoitwa nekuomesa pane tembiricha yakakwira zvishoma. Iyi maitiro anowanzo shandiswa kugadzira ekare akavharirwa mafirimu anodyiwa, kana kupfekedza chigadzirwa zvakananga neyakagadziriswa firimu mhinduro nekunyudza, kubhurasha kana kupfapfaidza. Dhizaini yekugadzira firimu rinodyika inoda kutorwa kweiyo rheological data yemvura yekugadzira firimu, iyo yakakosha zvikuru kune chigadzirwa chekutonga kwemhando yemafirimu ekurongedza uye machira [322].

HPMC inonamira yekupisa, inoumba gel pakupisa kwepamusoro uye iri mukugadzirisa mamiriro pakudziya kwakaderera. Iyi yemafuta gel chivakwa inoita viscosity yayo pakadzika tembiricha yakaderera zvakanyanya, izvo zvisingaenderane kune chaiwo maitiro ekugadzira akadai sekudhibha, kubhurasha uye kunyura. oparesheni, zvichikonzera kusashanda zvakanaka pa tembiricha yakaderera. Kusiyana neizvi, HPS inotonhora gel, viscous gel mamiriro pakudziya kwakadzika, uye tembiricha yakanyanya. A low viscosity solution state. Naizvozvo, kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwezviviri, iyo rheological zvimiro zveHPMC senge viscosity pane yakaderera tembiricha inogona kuenzana kune imwe nhanho.

Ichi chitsauko chinotarisa pamhedzisiro yekugadzirisa kugadzirisa, kusanganisa ratio uye tembiricha pane rheological properties sezero-shear viscosity, flow index uye thixotropy yeHPMC/HPS inotonhora-inopisa inverse gel compound system. Mutemo wekuwedzera unoshandiswa kutanga kukurukura kuenderana kwekomboni system.

2.2 Nzira yekuedza

2.2.1 Kugadzirira kweHPMC/HPS komputa mhinduro

Kutanga kuyera HPMC neHPS hupfu hwakaoma, uye sanganisa maererano ne15% (w / w) kusungirirwa uye zviyero zvakasiyana zve10: 0, 7: 3, 5: 5, 3: 7, 0:10; wobva wawedzera 70 ° C Mumvura yeC, fambisa nokukurumidza kwemaminitsi makumi matatu pa 120 rpm / min kuti uparadzire zvizere HPMC; wobva wapisa mhinduro kusvika pamusoro pe 95 ° C, fambisa nekukurumidza kwe 1 h panguva imwechete yekumhanya kuti upedze gelatinize HPS; gelatinization inopedzwa Mushure meizvi, kutonhora kwechigadziriso kwakakurumidza kuderedzwa kusvika ku70 ° C, uye HPMC yakanyungudutswa zvizere nekukurudzira zvishoma nezvishoma 80 rpm / min ye 40 min. (Yese w/w muchinyorwa ichi ndeiyi: yakaoma hwaro huwandu hwesample / yakazara mhinduro misa).

2.2.2 Rheological properties yeHPMC/HPS compound system

2.2.2.1 Nheyo yekuongorora rheological

Iyo inotenderera rheometer inoshongedzerwa nepeya yekukwira nekudzika yakabatana mabhanhire, uye nyore kuyerera kweshear kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nehukama hwekufamba pakati pemachira. Iyo rheometer inogona kuyedzwa mune nhanho modhi, kuyerera modhi uye oscillation modhi: mune nhanho modhi, iyo rheometer inogona kuisa kushushikana kwechinguvana kune sampuli, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kuyedza iyo yenguva hunhu mhinduro uye yakatsiga-yemamiriro nguva yemuenzaniso. Kuongorora uye mhinduro ye viscoelastic yakadai sekuzorora kwekunetseka, kukambaira uye kupora; mune yekuyerera modhi, iyo rheometer inogona kushandisa mutsara kushushikana kune sampuli, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kuyedza kutsamira kweiyo viscosity yemuenzaniso pashear rate uye kutsamira kwe viscosity pane tembiricha uye thixotropy; mune oscillation modhi, iyo rheometer inogona kugadzira sinusoidal alternating oscillating kusagadzikana, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzika kweiyo mutsara viscoelastic dunhu, thermal kugadzikana evaluation uye gelation tembiricha yemuenzaniso.

2.2.2.2 Flow mode yekuedza nzira

Chigadziko cheplate chakafanana chine dhayamita ye40 mm chakashandiswa, uye nzvimbo yeplateti yakaiswa ku 0.5 mm.

1. Viscosity inoshanduka nenguva. Tembiricha yekuyedza yaive 25 °C, shear rate yaive 800 s-1, uye nguva yekuyedza yaive 2500 s.

2. Viscosity inosiyana neshear rate. Test tembiricha 25 °C, pre-shear rate 800 s-1, pre-kuveura nguva 1000 s; shear rate 10²-10³s.

Iyo shear stress ( τ ) uye shear rate (γ) inotevera Ostwald-de Waele simba mutemo:

̇τ=K.γ n (2-1)

uko τ ndiko kushushikana kwekugera, Pa;

γ chiyero chekugera, s-1;

n ndiyo liquidity index;

K ndiye chidimbu che viscosity, Pa·sn.

Kubatana pakati pe viscosity (ŋ) yepolymer solution uye shear rate (γ) inogona kuiswa ne carren modulus:

Pakati pavo,ŋ0shear viscosity, Pa s;

ŋ∞ndiyo isingaperi yekuveura viscosity, Pa s;

λ inguva yekuzorora, s;

n is the shear thinning index;

3. Nhatu-nhanho thixotropy test method. Tembiricha yekuyedza i25 °C, a. Nhanho yakamira, shear rate ndeye 1 s-1, uye nguva yekuyedza i50 s; b. Nhanho yekugera, shear rate ndeye 1000 s-1, uye nguva yekuedza ndeye 20 s; c. Maitiro ekudzoreredza maitiro, shear rate ndeye 1 s-1, uye nguva yekuyedza i250 s.

Mukuita kwekugadzirisa chimiro, dhigirii rekudzoreredza rechimiro mushure menguva yekudzoreredza yakasiyana inoratidzwa nehuwandu hwekudzoreredza viscosity:

DSR=ŋt ⁄ ŋ╳100%

Pakati pavo,ŋt is the viscosity panguva yemaitiro ekudzoreredza nguva ts, Pa s;

hŋndiyo viscosity pamagumo ekutanga, Pa s.

2.3 Mibairo uye Hurukuro

2.3.1 Mhedzisiro yenguva yekuveura pane rheological properties yekomboni system

Pakuveura kweshear nguva dzose, iyo inooneka viscosity inogona kuratidza maitiro akasiyana nekuwedzera nguva yekugera. Mufananidzo 2-1 inoratidza yakajairika curve yeviscosity inopesana nenguva mune HPMC/HPS komputa system. Inogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti nekuwedzera kwenguva yekuveura, iyo inooneka viscosity inoderera nguva dzose. Kana nguva yekuveura inosvika anenge 500 s, viscosity inosvika kune imwe nyika yakagadzikana, iyo inoratidza kuti viscosity yekomboni system pasi pekuveura kwepamusoro-soro kune imwe kukosha. Iyo nguva yekutsamira kwe, ndiko kuti, thixotropy inoratidzwa mukati meimwe nguva yakatarwa.

Naizvozvo, kana uchidzidza kusiyanisa mutemo weiyo viscosity yekomboni system ine shear rate, isati yatsiga-state yekuveura bvunzo, imwe nguva yekumhanya-yepamberi pre-kuveura inodiwa kubvisa pesvedzero yethixotropy pane yekomboni system. . Nokudaro, mutemo we viscosity variation neshear rate sechinhu chimwe chete chinowanikwa. Muchiedzo ichi, viscosity yemasampuli ese akasvika pakudzikama pamberi pe1000 s pahupamhi hwekugera kwe800 1 / s nenguva, iyo isina kurongwa pano. Nokudaro, mune ramangwana rekuedza dhizaini, pre-kuveura kwe1000 s pahupamhi hwekugera kwe800 1 / s yakagamuchirwa kuti ibvise mhedzisiro yethixotropy yemasampuli ese.

2.3.2 Mhedzisiro yekuisa pfungwa pane rheological properties yekomboni system

Kazhinji, viscosity yepolymer mhinduro inowedzera nekuwedzera kwekugadziriswa kwemhinduro. Mufananidzo 2-2 unoratidza mhedzisiro yekuisa pfungwa pane shear rate kutsamira kwe viscosity yeHPMC/HPS magadzirirwo. Kubva pamufananidzo, tinogona kuona kuti pamwero wakafanana weshear, viscosity yekomboni system inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kwekugadzirisa kugadzirisa. Iyo viscosity yeHPMC/HPS macompound solutions ane maconcentrations akasiyana akadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kweshear rate, zvichiratidza pachena shear thinning phenomenon, izvo zvairatidza kuti macompound solutions ane maconcentrated akasiyana aive epseudoplastic fluid. Nekudaro, iyo shear rate kutsamira kwe viscosity yakaratidza imwe muitiro nekuchinja kwekugadzirisa mhinduro. Kana kugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa kwakaderera, shear thinning phenomenon yemusanganiswa wekugadzirisa idiki; nekuwedzera kwekugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa, iyo shear thinning phenomenon ye composite solution inonyanya kuoneka.

2.3.2.1 Mhedzisiro yekuisa pazero shear viscosity yecompound system

Iyo viscosity-shear rate curves yekomboni system payakasiyana-siyana yakaiswa neCarren modhi, uye zero-shear viscosity yemushonga wekomboni yakawedzerwa (0.9960 <R₂<0.9997). Mhedzisiro yekuisa pfungwa pane viscosity yemusanganiswa mhinduro inogona kuwedzeredzwa nekudzidza hukama pakati zero shear viscosity uye kuisa pfungwa. Kubva Mufananidzo 2-3, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti hukama huri pakati pe zero-shear viscosity uye kusungirirwa kwemushonga wekomboni kunotevera mutemo wesimba:

apo k uye m zvinogara.

Mune kaviri logarithmic coordinate, zvichienderana nehukuru hwemateru m, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kutsamira pakugadzirisa kunopa maitiro maviri akasiyana. Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yeDio-Edwards, pakudzika kwakadzika, kutsetseka kwakakwira (m = 11.9, R2 = 0.9942), inova yedilute solution; nepo pakakwirira, mutsetse wacho wakaderera (m = 2.8, R2 = 0.9822), iyo ndeye sub- Concentrated solution. Naizvozvo, iyo yakakosha yekumisikidza C * yekomboni system inogona kutsanangurwa kuva 8% kuburikidza nekusangana kweaya matunhu maviri. Zvinoenderana nehukama hwakajairwa pakati penyika dzakasiyana uye kudzikisira kwemapolima mumhinduro, iyo molecular state modhi yeHPMC/HPS kompani system mune yakaderera tembiricha mhinduro inokurudzirwa, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2-3.

HPS inotonhora gel, iri gel mamiriro pakudzika kwakadzika, uye inogadzirisa mamiriro pakupisa kwakanyanya. Patembiricha yekuyedza (25 ° C), HPS inzvimbo yegel, sezvakaratidzwa munzvimbo yeblue network mumufananidzo; pane zvinopesana, HPMC inopisa gel, Patembiricha yekushisa, iri mumamiriro ekugadzirisa, sezvinoratidzwa mumutsara mutsvuku.

Mumhinduro yakaderedzwa yeC <C*, iyo HPMC molecular cheni inonyanya kuvepo seyakazvimiririra cheni zvimiro, uye vhoriyamu isingabatanidzwe inoita kuti maketani aparadzane kubva kune mumwe; uyezve, iyo HPS gel chikamu chinodyidzana neashoma HPMC mamorekuru kuti aumbe yakazara Iyo fomu uye HPMC yakazvimiririra mashetani cheni iripo zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 2-2a.

Nekuwedzera kuri kuita, chinhambwe pakati peakazvimiririra mamorekuru cheni uye chikamu matunhu akadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana iyo yakakosha yekumisikidzwa C * yasvika, iyo HPMC mamorekuru anodyidzana neHPS gel chikamu zvishoma nezvishoma anowedzera, uye yakazvimirira HPMC mamorekuru maketani anotanga kubatana, achigadzira chikamu cheHPS senzvimbo yegel, uye HPMC mamorekuru maketani anopindirana. uye yakabatana nemumwe. Iyo microgel state inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2-2b.

Nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekusungwa, C> C *, chinhambwe pakati peHPS gel nhanho inowedzera kuderedzwa, uye yakasungwa HPMC polymer cheni uye HPS chikamu dunhu inova yakaoma uye kupindirana kwakanyanya, saka mhinduro inoratidza maitiro. zvakafanana neiyo yepolymer inonyunguduka, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2-2c.

2.3.2.2 Mhedzisiro yekuisa pfungwa pamaitiro emvura yekomboni system

Mutemo wemagetsi weOstwald-de Waele (ona fomula (2-1)) inoshandiswa kuenderana neshear stress uye shear rate curves (isina kuratidzwa murugwaro) yecompound system ine maconcentration akasiyana, uye flow index n uye viscosity coefficient. K inogona kuwanikwa. , mhedzisiro yakakodzera inoratidzwa muTafura 2-1.

Tafura 2-1 Flow behaviour index (n) uye fluid consistency index (K) yeHPS/HPMC mhinduro ine huwandu hwakasiyana pa25 °C.

Kuyerera kweNewtonian fluid n = 1, kuyerera kwepseudoplastic fluid n <1, uye kure n kunotsauka kubva ku1, kusimba kwepseudoplasticity yemvura, uye kuyerera kweiyo dilatant fluid n > 1. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva paTable 2-1 kuti n values ​​dzemacompound solutions ane maconcentrations akasiyana ese ari pasi pe1, zvichiratidza kuti macompound solutions ese ari pseudoplastic fluids. Pakudzika kwakadzika, kukosha kwe n kwekugadzirisa kwakagadziriswa kunosvika pedyo ne0, iyo inoratidza kuti iyo yakaderera-concentration compound solution iri pedyo neNewtonian fluid, nokuti mumushonga we-low-concentration compound, maketani epolymer aripo akazvimirira kune mumwe nemumwe. Nekuwedzera kwekugadziriswa kwekugadziriswa, iyo n kukosha kweiyo komputa system yakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kweiyo yekumisikidza kwakasimudzira pseudoplastic maitiro emukomboni mhinduro. Kudyidzana kwakadai sekupinzwa kwakaitika pakati uye nechikamu cheHPS, uye mafambiro ayo ekuyerera aive pedyo neaya epolymer melts.

Pakudzika kwakadzika, iyo viscosity coefficient K yecompound system idiki (C <8%, K <1 Pa·sn), uye nekuwedzera kwekutarisa, kukosha kweK kweiyo komputa system kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiratidza kuti viscosity ye iyo kompani system yakadzikira, iyo inoenderana nekutarisa kutsamira kwe zero shear viscosity.

2.3.3 Kupesvedzera kwereshiyo yemubatanidzwa pane rheological properties yecompounding system

Fig. 2-4 Viscosity vs. shear rate yeHPMC/HPS solution ine blend ratio yakasiyana pa25 °C

Tafura 2-2 Kuyerera kwemaitiro index (n) uye fluid consistency index (K) yeHPS/HPMC mhinduro ine akasiyana musanganiswa ratio pa25 °

Figure 2-4 inoratidza mhedzisiro yekusanganisa reshiyo pane shear rate kutsamira kweHPMC/HPS inosanganisa mhinduro viscosity. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti viscosity yekomboni system ine yakaderera HPS yemukati (HPS <20%) haishanduke zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweshear rate, kunyanya nekuti mucompound system ine yakaderera HPS yemukati, HPMC mune mhinduro mamiriro. panguva yakaderera tembiricha ndiyo inoenderera chikamu; iyo viscosity yekomboni system ine yakakwira HPS yemukati zvishoma nezvishoma inodzikira nekuwedzera kweshear rate, zvichiratidza pachena shear thinning phenomenon, izvo zvinoratidza kuti mhinduro yemukomboni ndeye pseudoplastic fluid. Panguva imwecheteyo yeshear rate, viscosity yemushonga wekomboni inowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo HPS yemukati, zvinonyanya nekuti HPS iri mune yakawedzera viscous gel mamiriro pakudziya kwakaderera.

Uchishandisa mutemo wemagetsi weOstwald-de Waele (ona fomula (2-1)) kuti uenderane neshear stress-shear rate curves (isina kuratidzwa murugwaro) yemakomponi masisitimu ane mareshiyo akasiyana ekomboni, iyo inoyerera exponent n uye viscosity coefficient. K, mibairo yakakodzera inoratidzwa muTafura 2-2. Inogona kuonekwa kubva patafura kuti 0.9869 <R2 <0.9999, mugumisiro wakakodzera uri nani. Iyo inoyerera indekisi n yekomboni system inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kweiyo HPS yemukati, nepo viscosity coefficient K inoratidza zvishoma nezvishoma maitiro ekuwedzera nekuwedzera kweHPS yemukati, zvichiratidza kuti kuwedzera kweHPS kunoita kuti mhinduro yekomboni iwedzere kutaridzika uye yakaoma kuyerera. . Iyi maitiro inoenderana netsvakiridzo yaZhang, asi kune imwecheteyo chiyero chemusanganiswa, kukosha kwen kwemhinduro yakasanganiswa kwakakwira pane zvaZhang [305], zvinonyanya nekuti kugerwa kusati kwaitwa muchiyedzo ichi kubvisa mhedzisiro yethixotropy. inobviswa; mhedzisiro yeZhang ndiyo mhedzisiro yekubatanidzwa chiito chethixotropy uye shear rate; kupatsanurwa kwenzira mbiri idzi kuchakurukurwa zvakadzama muChitsauko 5.

2.3.3.1 Kupesvedzera kwechikamu chemusanganiswa pa zero shear viscosity yecompounding system

Hukama huri pakati pezvimiro zverheological zvehomogeneous polymer compound system uye rheological properties yezvikamu zviri muhurongwa zvinofambirana nemutemo welogarithmic summation. Kune maviri-component component system, hukama pakati pecompound system nechikamu chimwe nechimwe chinogona kuratidzwa neinotevera equation:

Pakati pavo, F ndiyo rheological pfuma parameter yeiyo yakaoma system;

F1, F2 ndiwo rheological parameters yechikamu 1 uye chikamu 2, zvichiteerana;

∅1 uye ∅2 ndiwo zvidimbu zvehuwandu hwechikamu 1 uye chikamu 2, zvakateerana, uye ∅1 ∅2.

Naizvozvo, zero-shear viscosity yekomboni system mushure mekusanganiswa neakasiyana mareshiyo emukomboni anogona kuverengerwa zvinoenderana neiyo logarithmic summation musimboti kuti uverenge kukosha kunoenderana kwakafanotaurwa. Iwo ekuedza maitiro emukomboni mhinduro ane akasiyana makomisheni ratios aive achiri kuwedzererwa necarren yekukodzera yeiyo viscosity-shear rate curve. Kukosha kwakafanotaurwa kwezero shear viscosity yeHPMC/HPS kompani system ine mareshiyo akasiyana emukomboni inofananidzwa nehukudzo hwekuyedza, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2-5.

Chikamu chemutsara chine madota pamufananidzo ndicho chakafanotaurwa kukosha kwezero shear viscosity yemushonga wemukomboni unowanikwa nelogarithmic sum rule, uye girafu ine dot line ndiyo kukosha kwekuyedza kwekomboni system ine mareshiyo akasiyana emukomboni. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti chiyero chekuedza chemushonga wekomboni unoratidza imwe yakanaka-negative-kutsauka maererano nemurairo wekubatanidza, zvichiratidza kuti iyo komputa system haigone kuwana thermodynamic kuenderana, uye iyo kompani system inoramba ichipararira-chikamu pa. kuderera kwekushisa Chimiro che "gungwa-chitsuwa" chegadziriro yezvikamu zviviri; uye nekuderera kunoramba kuripo kweHPMC / HPS yekubatanidza chiyero, chikamu chinoenderera chegadziriro yekubatanidza chakashanduka mushure mekunge chiyero chekubatanidza chaive 4: 6. Chitsauko chinokurukura tsvakiridzo zvakadzama.

Zvinogona kuoneka zvakajeka kubva pamufananidzo kuti kana iyo HPMC/HPS yemubatanidzwa reshiyo yakakura, iyo komputa sisitimu ine kutsauka kwakashata, izvo zvingave nekuti iyo yakakwira viscosity HPS inogoverwa munzvimbo yakapararira yechikamu mune yakaderera viscosity HPMC inoenderera chikamu chepakati. . Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPS, pane kutsauka kwakanaka mukomboni system, zvichiratidza kuti kuenderera kwechikamu shanduko kunoitika mukomboni system panguva ino. HPS ine high viscosity inova inoenderera chikamu chekomboni system, nepo HPMC ichiparadzirwa muchikamu chinoenderera cheHPS mune imwe yunifomu mamiriro.

2.3.3.2 Kupesvedzera kwereshiyo yemubatanidzwa pamaitiro emvura emusanganiswa wegadziriro

Mifananidzo 2-6 inoratidza kuyerera indekisi n yeiyo yakasanganiswa sisitimu sebasa reHPS yemukati. Sezvo iyo inoyerera indekisi n yakarongedzerwa kubva kulog-logarithmic coordinate, n heino mutsara sum. Inogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPS, iyo inoyerera indekisi n yekomboni system inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiratidza kuti HPS inoderedza Newtonian fluid zvimiro zvemushonga wekomboni uye inovandudza maitiro ayo epseudoplastic fluid. Chikamu chezasi ndiyo gel state ine viscosity yakakwirira. Inogonawo kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti hukama huri pakati pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu uye zvinyorwa zveHPS zvinopindirana nehukama hwemutsara (R2 ndeye 0.98062), izvi zvinoratidza kuti hurongwa hwehutano hune hutano hwakanaka.

2.3.3.3 Kupesvedzera kwereshiyo yemubatanidzwa pane viscosity coefficient yecompounding system

Mufananidzo 2-7 inoratidza viscosity coefficient K yemhinduro yakasanganiswa sebasa reHPS yemukati. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti K kukosha kweHPMC yakachena idiki kwazvo, nepo K kukosha kweHPS yakachena ndiyo yakakura, ine hukama neiyo gel zvivakwa zveHPMC neHPS, zviri mumhinduro uye gel state zvichiteerana pa tembiricha yakaderera. Kana zvinyorwa zvepasi-viscosity chikamu chakakwirira, ndiko kuti, kana zvinyorwa zveHPS zvakaderera, iyo viscosity coefficient yecompound solution iri pedyo nechepasi-viscosity component HPMC; nepo kana zvinyorwa zve-high-viscosity component zvakakwirira, kukosha kweK kwekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa kunowedzera nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPS hunowedzera zvakanyanya, izvo zvakaratidza kuti HPS yakawedzera viscosity yeHPMC pakupisa kwakadzika. Izvi zvinonyanya kuratidza mupiro weviscosity yechikamu chinoenderera kune viscosity yekomboni system. Muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana apo chikamu chepasi-viscosity chikamu chinopfuurira uye chikamu chepamusoro-chepamusoro-soro chikamu chinopfuurira, mupiro wekuenderera mberi kwechikamu cheviscosity kune viscosity yekomboni system zviri pachena zvakasiyana. Kana yakaderera-viscosity HPMC ndiyo inoenderera mberi, iyo viscosity yekomboni system inonyanya kuratidza mupiro weiyo viscosity yechikamu chinoenderera; uye kana iyo yakakwirira-viscosity HPS ndiyo inoenderera mberi, iyo HPMC sechikamu chakapararira ichaderedza viscosity yeHPS yepamusoro-viscosity. effect.

2.3.4 Thixotropy

Thixotropy inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kugadzikana kwezvinhu kana maitiro akawanda, nokuti thixotropy inogona kuwana ruzivo pamusoro pehutano hwemukati uye chiyero chekukuvadza pasi pekuveura simba [323-325]. Thixotropy inogona kuwirirana nemigumisiro yenguva uye shear nhoroondo inotungamirira ku microstructural shanduko [324, 326]. Iyo yechitatu-nhanho thixotropic nzira yakashandiswa kudzidza mhedzisiro yeakasiyana competing ratios pane thixotropic zvimiro zvecompounding system. Sezvinoonekwa kubva kuFigure 2-5, ese masampuli airatidza madhigirii akasiyana ethixotropy. Payero yakaderera shear, viscosity yemushonga wekomboni yakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweiyo HPS yemukati, iyo yaienderana nekushandurwa kwe zero-shear viscosity ine HPS yemukati.

The structural recovery degree DSR of the composite samples panguva yakasiyana yekudzikinura inoverengwa neformula (2-3), sezvinoratidzwa muTable 2-1. Kana DSR <1, sampu ine yakaderera shear kuramba, uye sampuli ndeye thixotropic; zvakasiyana, kana DSR> 1, muenzaniso une anti-thixotropy. Kubva patafura, tinogona kuona kuti iyo DSR kukosha kweHPMC yakachena yakakwira zvakanyanya, ingangoita 1, izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo HPMC molecule iketani yakaoma, uye nguva yayo yekuzorora ipfupi, uye chimiro chinodzoserwa nekukurumidza pasi pesimba rakakura rekugera. Iyo DSR kukosha kweHPS yakaderera, iyo inosimbisa yayo yakasimba thixotropic zvimiro, kunyanya nekuti HPS iketani inoshanduka uye nguva yayo yekuzorora yakareba. Chimiro chacho hachina kunyatsogadzirisa mukati menguva yekuedza.

Kune mhinduro yemukomboni, panguva imwechete yekudzoreredza, kana iyo HPMC yemukati yakakura kupfuura 70%, iyo DSR inoderera nekukurumidza nekuwedzera kweiyo HPS yemukati, nekuti HPS molecular chain iketani inoshanduka, uye huwandu hweakaomesesa macheni. mukomboni system inowedzera nekuwedzera kweHPS. Kana ikaderedzwa, nguva yekuzorora yeiyo yakazara molecular segment yecompound system inorebeswa, uye iyo thixotropy yecompound system haigone kudzoserwa nekukurumidza pasi pechiito cheshear yakakwirira. Kana zvirimo zveHPMC zviri pasi pe70%, iyo DSR inowedzera nekuwedzera kwezviri muHPS, izvo zvinoratidza kuti pane kudyidzana pakati pemaketani eHPS neHPMC mucompound system, iyo inovandudza kuomarara kwese kwemolecular. zvikamu mukomboni system uye inopfupisa nguva yekuzorora yekomboni system yakaderedzwa, uye iyo thixotropy inoderedzwa.

Mukuwedzera, kukosha kweDSR kwegadziriro yakasanganiswa yakanga yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura yeHPMC yakachena, iyo yakaratidza kuti thixotropy yeHPMC yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya nekubatanidza. Maitiro eDSR ezvizhinji zvemasamples ari mukomboni system aive akakura kupfuura ayo eHPS yakachena, zvichiratidza kuti kugadzikana kweHPS kwakagadziridzwa kusvika pamwero wakati.

Inogonawo kuonekwa kubva patafura kuti panguva dzakasiyana dzekudzorera, maitiro eDSR anoratidza nzvimbo yakaderera apo iyo HPMC inokwana 70%, uye kana starch yemukati yakakura kudarika 60%, kukosha kweDSR kwezvakaoma kwakakwirira kudarika. iyo yeHPS yakachena. Izvo zviyero zveDSR mukati me10 s yezviyero zvose zviri pedyo zvikuru nemaitiro ekupedzisira eDSR, izvo zvinoratidza kuti chimiro chegadziriro yezvikamu zvakapedzeredza zvakawanda zvemabasa ekugadzirisa maitiro mukati me10 s. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze kuti iyo composite samples ine yakakwira HPS yemukati yakaratidza maitiro ekuwedzera pakutanga uye nekudzikira nekurebesa kwenguva yekudzoreredza, izvo zvakaratidza kuti iyo composite samples yakaratidzawo imwe dhigirii yethixotropy pasi pekuita kweshear yakaderera, uye chimiro chavo chisina kugadzikana.

Kuongororwa kwemhando yetatu-nhanho thixotropy inopindirana neyakashumwa thixotropic ring bvunzo mhinduro, asi huwandu hwekuongorora mhedzisiro haienderane neiyo thixotropic ring bvunzo mhinduro. Iyo thixotropy yeHPMC/HPS komputa system yakayerwa nethixotropic mhete nzira nekuwedzera kweHPS yemukati [305]. Kuora kwakatanga kuderera ndokuzowedzera. Iko thixotropic ring test inogona kungofungidzira kuvapo kwe thixotropic phenomenon, asi haigoni kuisimbisa, nokuti mhete yethixotropic inokonzerwa nekuita panguva imwe chete yekuveura nguva uye shear rate [325-327].

2.4 Pfupiso yechitsauko chino

Muchitsauko chino, iyo HPMC yekupisa gel uye inotonhora gel HPS yakashandiswa seyakanyanya mbishi zvinhu kugadzira maviri-chikamu chinoumbwa system yekutonhora uye inopisa gel. Kupesvedzera kweiyo rheological zvivakwa senge viscosity, kuyerera pateni uye thixotropy. Zvinoenderana nehukama hwakajairwa pakati penyika dzakasiyana uye kudzikisira kwemapolymer mune mhinduro, iyo molecular state modhi yeHPMC/HPS kompani system mune yakaderera tembiricha mhinduro inokurudzirwa. Zvinoenderana neiyo logarithmic summation musimboti wezvimiro zvezvikamu zvakasiyana mukomboni system, kuenderana kweiyo komboni system kwakadzidzwa. Zvinonyanya kuwanikwa ndezvizvi:

1. Macompound samples ane maconcentration akasiyana ese airatidza imwe dhigirii yekuveura kutetepa, uye dhigirii rekuveura kutetepa kwakawedzera nekuwedzera kwekutarisa.
2. Nekuwedzera kwekufungidzirwa, iyo inoyerera indekisi yekomboni system yakadzikira, uye zero-shear viscosity uye viscosity coefficient yakawedzera, zvichiratidza kuti hunhu hwakasimba hwakafanana neiyo komputa system yakasimbiswa.
3. Iko kune yakakosha kusungirirwa (8%) muHPMC / HPS komputa system, pasi peiyo yakakosha yekumisikidza, iyo HPMC molecular cheni uye HPS gel chikamu chikamu munharaunda mhinduro inoparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe uye iripo yakazvimirira; kana iyo yakakosha yekumisikidzwa inosvika, mumubatanidzwa mhinduro A microgel state inoumbwa neHPS chikamu senge gel centre, uye iyo HPMC molecular maketani akabatanidzwa uye akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe; pamusoro peiyo yakakosha yekumisikidza, iyo yakazara HPMC macromolecular cheni uye kupindirana kwavo neHPS chikamu dunhu zvakanyanya kuoma, uye kupindirana kwakanyanya kuoma. zvakanyanya, saka mhinduro inoita senge polymer inonyungudika.
4. Iyo yekubatanidza reshiyo ine yakakosha kukanganisa pane rheological zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS musanganiswa mhinduro. Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPS, iyo shear thinning phenomenon yecompound system inonyanya kuoneka, iyo inoyerera index inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye zero-shear viscosity uye viscosity coefficient zvishoma nezvishoma inowedzera. inowedzera, zvichiratidza kuti maitiro akasimba-akafanana neakaoma anovandudzwa zvakanyanya.
5. Iyo zero-shear viscosity yekomboni system inoratidza imwe yakanaka-negative-kutsauka kune iyo logarithmic summation mutemo. Mushonga wekomboni igadziriro yezvikamu zviviri ine chikamu chinopfuurira-chakapararira chikamu che "gungwa-chitsuwa" chimiro pamhepo yakadzika, uye, Sezvo HPMC / HPS yekubatanidza chiyero yakaderera mushure me4: 6, chikamu chinoramba chiripo chekugadzirisa hurongwa hwakashanduka.
6. Pane hukama hwemutsara pakati peinoyerera indekisi uye chiyero chekubatanidza chemhinduro dzakasanganiswa dzine mareshiyo akasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinoratidza kuti hurongwa hwekubatanidza hune kuenderana kwakanaka.
7. Kune HPMC / HPS component system, apo iyo yakaderera-viscosity chikamu chikamu chinoenderera uye chepamusoro-viscosity chikamu chikamu chinoenderera, mupiro weiyo inoenderera chikamu viscosity kune viscosity yekomboni system yakasiyana zvakanyanya. Kana iyo yakaderera-viscosity HPMC ndiyo inoenderera mberi, iyo viscosity yekomboni system inonyanya kuratidza mupiro wekuenderera-chikamu viscosity; nepo iyo yakakwirira-viscosity HPS ndiyo inoenderera mberi, iyo HPMC sechikamu chekuparadzira ichaderedza viscosity yeHPS yepamusoro-viscosity. effect.
8. Nhatu-nhanho thixotropy yakashandiswa kudzidza mhedzisiro yekubatanidza ratio pane thixotropy yemusanganiswa system. Iyo thixotropy yemusanganiswa sisitimu yakaratidza maitiro ekutanga kudzikira obva awedzera nekudzikira kweHPMC/HPS yekusanganisa reshiyo.
9. Migumisiro yekuedza iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti kuburikidza nekusanganiswa kweHPMC neHPS, rheological properties yezvikamu zviviri, zvakadai seviscosity, shear thinning phenomenon uye thixotropy, yakave yakaenzana kusvika pamwero wakati.

Chitsauko 3 Gadziriro uye Zvivakwa zveHPMC/HPS Anodyika Composite Mafirimu

Kusanganiswa kwepolymer ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushanda yekuwana yakawanda-chikamu chekuita kuwirirana, kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvine mashandiro akanaka, kuderedza mitengo yezvigadzirwa, uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekushandisa kwezvinhu [240-242, 328]. Zvadaro, nekuda kwemamwe maumbirwo emakemikari akasiyana uye conformational entropy pakati pemapolymer akasiyana, mazhinji mapolymer anosanganisa masisitimu haaenderane kana chikamu anoenderana [11, 12]. Iro mechanical properties uye mamwe macroscopic properties yepolymer compound system yakanyatsobatana ne physicochemical properties yechikamu chimwe nechimwe, chiyero chekubatanidza chechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu, uye mukati me microscopic chimiro nezvimwe zvinhu [240, 329].

Kubva pamakemikari ekugadzirisa maonero, zvose HPMC neHPS ndeye hydrophilic curdlan, ine imwechete yehutano unit - glucose, uye inogadziriswa neboka rimwechete rinoshanda - hydroxypropyl boka, saka HPMC neHPS inofanira kuva nechikamu chakanaka. Capacitance. Zvisinei, HPMC inonzi thermally induced gel, iyo iri mumamiriro ekugadzirisa ane viscosity yakaderera pakupisa kwakadzika, uye inoumba colloid pakupisa kwepamusoro; HPS inotonhora-induced gel, inova gel yakadzika tembiricha uye iri mukugadzirisa mamiriro pakupisa kwakanyanya; iyo gel mamiriro uye maitiro anopesana zvachose. Iko kusanganiswa kweHPMC neHPS hakubatsiri pakuumbwa kwehomogeneous system nekuenderana kwakanaka. Tichifunga zvese chimiro chemakemikari uye thermodynamics, ine kukosha kukuru kwedzidziso uye kukosha kunoshanda kusanganisa HPMC neHPS kumisikidza inotonhora-inopisa gel mukomboni system.

Ichi chitsauko chinotarisa pakuongorora kwezvakazvarwa zvimiro zvezvikamu zviri muHPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa gel compound system, iyo compoting ratio uye hunyoro hunyoro hwenharaunda pane microscopic morphology, kugarisana uye kupatsanurwa kwechikamu, mechanical properties, optical properties. , uye thermal drop properties yekomboni system. Uye pesvedzero yemacroscopic zvimiro zvakaita seokisijeni barriers zvivakwa.

3.1 Zvishandiso uye Zvishandiso

3.1.1 Zvinhu zvikuru zvekuedza

3.1.2 Midziyo mikuru nemichina

3.2 Nzira yekuedza

3.2.1 Gadziriro yeHPMC/HPS inodyika composite film

Iyo 15% (w/w) yakaoma poda yeHPMC neHPS yakasanganiswa ne3% (w/w) Iyo polyethylene glycol plasticizer yakasanganiswa mumvura yakasvibiswa kuti iwane iyo yakasanganiswa yekugadzira firimu mvura, uye inodyiwa inoumbwa firimu yeHPMC/ HPS yakagadzirwa nenzira yekukanda.

Kugadzirira nzira: chokutanga kuyera HPMC uye HPS upfu yakaoma, uye vasanganise maererano reshiyo dzakasiyana; wobva wawedzera mu70 °C mvura, uye fambisa nokukurumidza pa120 rpm/min kwemaminitsi makumi matatu kuti uparadzire zvizere HPMC; wobva wapisa mushonga weKumusoro 95 °C, kurumidzisa nekumhanya kwakafanana kwe1 h kuti upedze gelatinize HPS; mushure mokunge gelatinization yapera, kutonhora kwechigadziro kunokurumidza kuderedzwa kusvika ku70 ° C, uye mhinduro yacho inokurudzirwa pakukurumidza kunonoka kwe80 rpm / min ye 40 min. Nyangadza zvizere HPMC. Dururira 20 g yemusanganiswa wekugadzira firimu mundiro yepolystyrene petri ine dhayamita 15 cm, uikande pasi, woiomesa pa37 °C. Iyo firimu yakaomeswa inobviswa kubva ku disc kuti iwane inodyiwa inoumbwa membrane.

Mafirimu anodyiwa ese aive akaenzana pa57% humidity kwemazuva anopfuura matatu asati aongororwa, uye chikamu chemufirimu chinodyiwa chinoshandiswa pakuongorora zvinhu zvemuchina chakaenzana pa75% humidity kwemazuva anopfuura matatu.

3.2.2 Micromorphology yefirimu inodyiwa yeHPMC/HPS

3.2.2.1 Ongororo musimboti wekuongorora maikorosikopu erekitironi

Pfuti yeerekitironi iri pamusoro peScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) inogona kuburitsa huwandu hwemaerekitironi. Mushure mekuderedzwa uye kutariswa, inogona kuumba danda re electron rine rimwe simba uye kusimba. Inotyairwa nemagineti eiyo scanning coil, zvinoenderana neimwe nguva uye nzvimbo kurongeka. Nekuda kwemusiyano wehunhu hweiyo yepamusoro micro-area, kudyidzana pakati pesample uye erekitironi danda kunoburitsa echipiri erekitironi masiginecha ane akasiyana akasimba, ayo anounganidzwa ne detector uye anoshandurwa kuita masaini emagetsi, ayo anowedzerwa nevhidhiyo. uye kupinza kuGredhi yechubhu yepikicha, mushure mekugadzirisa kupenya kwechubhu yepikicha, mufananidzo wechipiri we electron unogona kuwanika unogona kuratidza morphology uye maitiro e micro-region pamusoro pemuenzaniso. Kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa optical microscopes, kugadzikwa kweSEM kunenge kwakakwira, inosvika 3nm-6nm yedenga resample, iyo inonyanya kukodzera kutariswa kweiyo micro-structure features pamusoro pezvinhu.

3.2.2.2 Nzira yekuedza

Firimu rinodyika rakaiswa mudhishi rekuomeswa, uye saizi yakakodzera yefirimu rinodyiwa rakasarudzwa, rakanamirwa paSEM yakakosha nhanho yemuenzaniso ine conductive adhesive, uyezve goridhe-yakaputirwa nevacuum coater. Munguva yekuedzwa, sampu yakaiswa muSEM, uye iyo microscopic morphology yemuenzaniso yakaonekwa uye yakatorwa mifananidzo pamazana matatu uye ka1000 magnification pasi peiyo electron beam acceleration voltage ye5 kV.

3.2.3 Chiedza chekufambisa kweHPMC/HPS inodyika inoumbwa firimu

3.2.3.1 Ongororo musimboti weUV-Vis spectrophotometry

Iyo UV-Vis spectrophotometer inogona kuburitsa mwenje ine wavelength ye200 ~ 800nm ​​uye ichivhenekera pachinhu. Mamwe mawavelengths echiedza muchiedza chechiitiko anotorwa nechinhu, uye molecular vibrational energy level transition uye electronic energy level shanduko inoitika. Sezvo chinhu chega chega chine mamorekuru akasiyana, atomic uye mamolecular spatial zvimiro, chinhu chega chega chine chaiyo yekunyudza spectrum, uye zviri mukati mechinhu chacho zvinogona kutariswa kana kutariswa zvinoenderana nechiyero chekunyura pane mamwe mawavelengths paabsorption spectrum. Naizvozvo, UV-Vis spectrophotometric ongororo ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinoshanda dzekudzidza kuumbwa, chimiro uye kupindirana kwezvinhu.

Kana mwenje wechiedza ukarova chinhu, chikamu chechiedza chechiitiko chinotorwa nechinhu, uye chimwe chikamu chechiedza chechiitiko chinofambiswa kuburikidza nechinhu; chiyero cheiyo transmitted light intensity kune chiitiko mwenje intensity ndiko kupfuudza.

Iyo formula yehukama pakati pekutora uye kutapurirana ndeiyi:

Pakati pavo, A ndiko kunwa;

T ndiyo transmittance, %.

Iko kunyura kwekupedzisira kwakagadziriswa zvakafanana nekunyura × 0.25 mm / ukobvu.

3.2.3.2 Nzira yekuedza

Gadzirira 5% HPMC neHPS zvigadziriso, zvisanganise maererano nereshiyo dzakasiyana, dururira 10 g yemushonga wekugadzira firimu mundiro yepolystyrene petri ine dhayamita 15 cm, woomesa pa 37 ° C kuti uite firimu. Cheka firimu rinodyiwa kuita 1mm × 3mm rectangular strip, riise mu cuvette, uye ita firimu rinodyiwa pedyo nemadziro emukati e cuvette. WFZ UV-3802 UV-vis spectrophotometer yakashandiswa kuongorora sampuli pazere wavelength ye200-800 nm, uye sampu imwe neimwe yakaedzwa kashanu.

3.2.4 Dynamic thermomechanical zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS anodyika akaumbwa mafirimu

3.2.4.1 Nheyo ye dynamic thermomechanical analysis

Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMA) chiridzwa chinogona kuyera hukama pakati pehuremu uye tembiricha yemuenzaniso pasi pekumwe kuvhundutsa uye tembiricha yakarongwa, uye inogona kuyedza zvimisikidzo zvemuenzaniso pasi pechiito chenguva nenguva kushandura kushushikana uye nguva, tembiricha uye tembiricha. frequency relationship.

High molecular polymers ine viscoelastic zvivakwa, izvo zvinogona kuchengetedza mechanical simba se elastomer kune rumwe rutivi, uye kushandisa simba senge mucus kune rumwe rutivi. Kana iyo periodic alternating force ikashandiswa, iyo elastic part inoshandura simba kuti rive simba rinokwanisa uye rinorichengeta; nepo chikamu che viscous chinoshandura simba kuita simba rekupisa uye rinorasikirwa naro. Zvishandiso zvePolymer zvinowanzo ratidza matunhu maviri epasi tembiricha yegirazi mamiriro uye tembiricha yerabha yepamusoro, uye tembiricha yekuchinja pakati penyika mbiri idzi tembiricha yegirazi. Iyo tembiricha yekuchinja yegirazi inobata zvakananga chimiro uye zvimiro zvemidziyo, uye ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha hunhu tembiricha yemapolima.

Nekuongorora iyo dynamic thermomechanical properties yemapolymers, viscoelasticity yemapolymers inogona kucherechedzwa, uye zvakakosha parameters inotarisa kushanda kwemapolymers inogona kuwanikwa, kuitira kuti igone kushandiswa zviri nani kune chaiyo yekushandisa nharaunda. Pamusoro pezvo, dynamic thermomechanical analysis inonyanya kunzwisiswa negirazi shanduko, kupatsanurwa kwechikamu, kuyambuka-kubatanidza, crystallization uye molecular motion pamatanho ese ezvikamu zvemolecular, uye inogona kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pechimiro uye zvimiro zvemapolymers. Inowanzoshandiswa kudzidza mamorekuru emapolymers. kufamba maitiro. Uchishandisa tembiricha yekutsvaira mode yeDMA, kuitika kwechikamu shanduko senge girazi shanduko inogona kuyedzwa. Kuenzaniswa neDSC, DMA ine kunzwisiswa kwepamusoro uye inonyanya kukodzera kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvinoteedzera kushandiswa chaiko.

3.2.4.2 Nzira yekuedza

Sarudza akachena, yunifomu, akafuratira uye asina kukuvadzwa samples, uye acheke kuita 10mm × 20mm rectangular mitsetse. Iwo masampula akaedzwa mune tensile modhi uchishandisa Pydris Diamond dynamic thermomechanical analyzer kubva kuPerkinElmer, USA. Chiyero chekushisa chekuedza chaiva 25 ~ 150 ° C, chiyero chekupisa chaiva 2 ° C / min, nguva yakawanda yaiva 1 Hz, uye muedzo wakadzokororwa kaviri pamuenzaniso wega wega. Panguva yekuedza, modulus yekuchengetera (E') uye kurasikirwa modulus (E”) yemuenzaniso zvakarekodhwa, uye chiyero chemodulus yekurasikirwa kune yekuchengetera modulus, kureva, tangent angle tan δ, inogonawo kuverengerwa.

3.2.5 Thermal kugadzikana kweHPMC/HPS edible composite mafirimu

3.2.5.1 Nheyo yekuongorora thermogravimetric

Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) inogona kuyera shanduko yehuremu hwesample netembiricha kana nguva pane tembiricha yakarongwa, uye inogona kushandiswa kudzidza kubuda kwemhepo, kunyunguduka, sublimation, kupera mvura mumuviri, kuora uye oxidation yezvinhu panguva yekupisa. . uye zvimwe zviitiko zvemuviri nemakemikari. Hukama hwehukama pakati pehuremu hwezvinhu uye tembiricha (kana nguva) inowanikwa zvakananga mushure mekunge sampu yaedzwa inonzi thermogravimetric (TGA curve). kuderedza uremu uye mamwe mashoko. Derivative Thermogravimetric curve (DTG curve) inogona kuwanikwa mushure mekutanga kutorwa kweTGA curve, iyo inoratidza shanduko yehuremu hwekuremerwa kweiyo sampu yakaedzwa nekushisa kana nguva, uye peak point ndiyo yakanyanya kurongeka. rate.

3.2.5.2 Nzira yekuedza

Sarudza firimu rinodyiwa rine yunifomu yakakura, richeke kuita denderedzwa rine dhayamita yakafanana neiyo thermogravimetric analyzer test disk, wobva waisa pasi patest disk, woiedza mumhepo yenitrogen ine kuyerera kwe20 mL/min. . Kupisa kwekushisa kwaiva 30-700 ° C, chiyero chekupisa chaiva 10 ° C / min, uye sampuli imwe neimwe yakaedzwa kaviri.

3.2.6.1 Nheyo yekuongorora pfuma

3.2.6 Tensile zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS edible composite films

Iyo mechanical property tester inogona kuisa static tensile mutoro kune spline pamwe neiyo longitudinal axis pasi petembiricha chaiyo, humidity uye nekumhanyisa mamiriro kusvika spline yatyoka. Munguva yekuyedzwa, mutoro wakashandiswa kune spline uye huwandu hwayo hwekuchinja hwakanyorwa ne mechanical property tester, uye stress-strain curve panguva yetensile deformation ye spline yakadhirowa. Kubva pakushushikana-kunetseka, simba rekusimba (ζt), kureba panguva yekuzorora (εb) uye elastic modulus (E) inogona kuverengerwa kuti iongorore kusimba kweiyo firimu.

Kushushikana-kunetsekana hukama hwezvishandiso kazhinji hunogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: elastic deformation dunhu uye epurasitiki deformation dunhu. Mune elastic deformation zone, kushushikana uye kuomeswa kwezvinhu zvine hukama hwemutsara, uye deformation panguva ino inogona kudzoserwa zvachose, izvo zvinoenderana nemutemo waCook; mune yepurasitiki deformation zone, kushushikana uye kuomeswa kwezvinhu hazvisisiri mutsara, uye deformation inoitika panguva ino isingachinjiki, pakupedzisira iyo inoputsika.

Tensile simba kuverenga formula:

Ikoko: isimba rekusimba, MPa;

p ndiyo yakanyanya kuremerwa kana kutyora mutoro, N;

b ndiyo hupamhi hwemuenzaniso, mm;

d ndiko ukobvu hwemuenzaniso, mm.

Iyo formula yekuverenga elongation panguva yekuzorora:

Ikoko: εb ndiko kureba panguva yekuzorora, %;

L chinhambwe chiri pakati pemitsara yekumaka kana sample yatyoka, mm;

L0 ndiyo yepakutanga geji kureba kwemuenzaniso, mm.

Elastic modulus calculation formula:

Pakati pavo: E ndiyo elastic modulus, MPa;

ζ is stress, MPa;

ε ndiyo dambudziko.

3.2.6.2 Nzira yekuedza

Sarudza yakachena, yunifomu, yakapfava uye isina kukuvadzwa samples, tarisa kune yenyika standard GB13022-91, uye acheke kuita dumbbell-shaped splines nehurefu hwakazara hwe120mm, chinhambwe chekutanga pakati pezvigadziriso zve86mm, chinhambwe pakati pemamaki e40mm, uye hupamhi hwe10mm. Iyo splines yakaiswa pa75% uye 57% (mumhepo ine saturated sodium chloride uye sodium bromide mhinduro) humidity, uye yakaenzana kwemazuva anopfuura 3 isati yayera. Muchiedzo ichi, iyo ASTM D638, 5566 mechanical property tester yeInstron Corporation yeUnited States uye yayo 2712-003 pneumatic clamp inoshandiswa pakuedza. Iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya yaive 10 mm / min, uye sampu yakadzokororwa 7 nguva, uye avhareji kukosha kwakaverengerwa.

3.2.7 Oxygen permeability yeHPMC/HPS edible composite film

3.2.7.1 Nheyo yekuongorora kweokisijeni permeability

Mushure mekuisirwa sampu yebvunzo, gomba rekuyedza rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, A uye B; iyo yakakwirira-yakachena oksijeni inoyerera ine imwe nhanho yekuyerera inopfuudzwa muA cavity, uye nitrogen inoyerera ine imwe nhanho yekuyerera inopfuudzwa muB cavity; panguva yekuedza, iyo A cavity Iyo okisijeni inopinda kuburikidza nemuenzaniso muB cavity, uye okisijeni inopinda muB cavity inotakurwa nekuyerera kwenitrogen uye inosiya B cavity kuti isvike kumhepo yeokisijeni. Iyo okisijeni sensor inoyera iyo okisijeni yemukati mukuyerera kwenitrogen uye inoburitsa chiratidzo chemagetsi chinoenderana, nekudaro kuverenga sampuli yeokisijeni. transmittance.

3.2.7.2 Nzira yekuedza

Tora mabhaisikopo asina kukuvara anodyiwa, woacheka kuita 10.16 x 10.16 cm masendimita akaita sedhaimani, pfekedza kumucheto kwezvisungo negirisi yevacuum, uye sungirira masampuli kubhuroka rekuyedza. Yakaedzwa zvinoenderana neASTM D-3985, sampu yega yega ine nzvimbo yekuyedza ye50 cm2.

3.3 Mibairo uye Hurukuro

3.3.1 Kuongororwa kweMicrostructure yemafirimu anodyiwa anoumbwa

Kudyidzana pakati pezvikamu zvemvura yekugadzira firimu uye mamiriro ekuomesa-inogadzirisa chimiro chekupedzisira chefirimu uye inokanganisa zvakanyanya zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri nemakemikari emufirimu [330, 331]. Iyo inherent gel properties uye chiyero chekubatanidza chechikamu chimwe nechimwe chinogona kukanganisa morphology yekomboni, iyo inowedzera kukanganisa chimiro chepamusoro uye chekupedzisira che membrane [301, 332]. Naizvozvo, microstructural ongororo yemafirimu inokwanisa kupa ruzivo rwakakodzera pakurongekazve kwemamorekuru kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe, icho chinogona kutibatsira kuti tinzwisise zviri nani zvipingamupinyi, zvivakwa zvemakanika, uye zvinhu zvemaziso zvemafirimu.

Iyo yepamusoro scanning maelectron microscope micrographs yeHPS/HPMC inodyika mafirimu ane reshiyo dzakasiyana inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3-1. Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 3-1, mamwe masampuli akaratidza micro-cracks pamusoro, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nekuderedzwa kwemvura mumuenzaniso panguva yekuedzwa, kana nekurwiswa kwe electron danda mu microscope cavity [122 , peji 139]. Mumufananidzo, yakachena HPS membrane uye yakachena HPMC. Iwo mamembrane airatidza kutsetseka kwemicroscopic nzvimbo, uye iyo microstructure yeyakachena HPS membranes yaive yakanyanya homogeneous uye yakatsetseka kupfuura yakachena HPMC membranes, iyo inogona kunyanya kukonzerwa ne starch macromolecules (amylose mamorekuru uye amylopectin mamorekuru) panguva yekutonhora.) mune aqueous solution. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti amylose-amylopectin-mvura system mukutonhora

Panogona kunge paine nzira yemakwikwi pakati pekugadzira gel uye kuparadzaniswa kwechikamu. Kana chiyero chekuparadzaniswa kwechikamu chakaderera kudarika chiyero chekugadzirisa gel, kupatsanurwa kwechikamu hakuzoitiki muhurongwa, kana zvisina kudaro, kuparadzaniswa kwechikamu kuchaitika muhurongwa [333, 334]. Uyezve, kana zvinyorwa zveamylose zvinopfuura 25%, gelatinization yeamylose uye inoenderera mberi amylose network structure inogona kudzivisa zvakanyanya kuonekwa kwekuparadzaniswa kwechikamu [334]. Iyo amylose yemukati yeHPS inoshandiswa mubepa iri i80%, yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura 25%, nokudaro zviri nani kuratidza chiitiko chekuti yakachena HPS membranes ine homogeneous uye yakatsetseka pane yakachena HPMC membranes.

Inogona kuonekwa kubva pakuenzaniswa kwenhamba kuti nzvimbo dzemafirimu ose akaumbwa dzinenge dzakaoma, uye mamwe mabhupu asina kukwana akapararira, zvichiratidza kuti pane imwe nhanho yekusagadzikana pakati peHPMC neHPS. Zvakare, iwo akaumbwa membranes ane yakakwira HPMC yemukati airatidza yakawedzera homogeneous chimiro kupfuura ayo ane yakakwira HPS zvemukati. HPS-based condensation pa 37 °C firimu rekugadzira tembiricha

Kubva pane gel zvivakwa, HPS yakaratidza viscous gel mamiriro; nepo yakavakirwa paiyo thermal gel zvimiro zveHPMC, HPMC yakaratidza semvura-semhinduro mamiriro. Mune membrane inoumbwa ine yakakwira HPS yemukati (7: 3 HPS / HPMC), iyo viscous HPS ndiyo inoenderera chikamu, uye mvura-senge HPMC inoparadzirwa mune yakakwirira-viscosity HPS inoenderera chikamu sechikamu chakapararira, icho chisingaiti. kune yunifomu kugoverwa kwechikamu chakapararira; Mufirimu inoumbwa ine yakakwira HPMC yemukati (3: 7 HPS / HPMC), iyo yakaderera-viscosity HPMC inoshandura kuita inoenderera chikamu, uye iyo viscous HPS inoparadzirwa mune yakaderera-viscosity HPMC chikamu sechikamu chakapararira, icho chinokodzera kuumbwa kwechikamu chehomogeneous. compound system.

Zvinogona kuoneka kubva pamufananidzo kuti kunyangwe mafirimu ese akaumbwa anoratidza hutsinye uye inhomogeneous pamusoro pezvimiro, hapana chiri pachena chikamu chechikamu chinowanikwa, zvichiratidza kuti HPMC neHPS zvine kuenderana kwakanaka. Iyo HPMC / starch composite mafirimu asina plasticizers akadai PEG yakaratidza pachena kupatsanurwa kwechikamu [301], zvichiratidza kuti zvese zviri zviviri hydroxypropyl shanduko ye starch uye PEG plasticizers inogona kuvandudza kuenderana kweiyo composite -system.

3.3.2 Optical properties wongororo yemafirimu anodyika akaumbwa

Chiedza chekufambisa zvinhu zvemafirimu anodyika akaumbwa eHPMC/HPS ane mareshiyo akasiyana akaedzwa neUV-vis spectrophotometer, uye iyo UV spectra inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3-2. Iyo yakakura iyo mwenje transmittance kukosha, iyo yakawanda yunifomu uye yakajeka iyo firimu iri; Ukuwo, iyo diki iyo mwenje transmittance kukosha, iyo yakawanda isina kuenzana uye opaque iyo firimu iri. Inogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 3-2 (a) kuti mafirimu ose akaumbwa anoratidza maitiro akafanana nekuwedzera kwekutsvaira kwekutsvaga muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutsvaga, uye chiedza chekufambisa chinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kwewavelength. Pa 350nm, macurves anowanzoita semubani.

Sarudza iyo transmittance pawavelength ye500nm yekuenzanisa, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3-2 (b), kufambiswa kweiyo yakachena HPS firimu yakaderera pane iyo yakachena HPMC firimu, uye nekuwedzera kweHPMC zvirimo, kutapurirana kunotanga kuderera, uyezve yakawedzera mushure mekusvika kukosha kwepasi. Kana iyo HPMC yemukati yakawedzera kusvika 70%, kufambiswa kwechiedza kweiyo composite firimu kwaive kwakakura kupfuura iyo yakachena HPS. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti homogeneous system icharatidza zvirinani kutapurirana kwechiedza, uye kukosha kwayo kweUV-yakayerwa transmittance kunowanzo kukwira; inhomogeneous zvinhu zvinowanzowedzera-opaque uye zvine yakaderera UV transmittance values. Hunhu hwekufambiswa kwemafirimu akaumbwa (7: 3, 5: 5) hwaive hwakaderera pane huya hweHPS hwakachena neHPMC mafirimu, zvichiratidza kuti pakanga paine imwe nhanho yekuparadzaniswa kwechikamu pakati pezvikamu zviviri zveHPS neHPMC.

Fig. 3-2 UV spectra pane ese wavelengths (a), uye pa500 nm (b), yeHPS/HPMC blend mafirimu. Iyo bar inomiririra zvinoreva ± zvakajairwa kutsauka. ac: mavara akasiyana akasiyana zvakanyanya neakasiyana musanganiswa reshiyo (p <0.05), akaiswa mune yakazara dissertation

3.3.3 Dynamic thermomechanical ongororo yemafirimu anodyika akaumbwa

Mufananidzo 3-3 unoratidza iyo dynamic thermomechanical zvimiro zvemafirimu anodyika eHPMC/HPS ane maumbirwo akasiyana. Inogona kuonekwa kubva kuFig. 3-3 (a) kuti modulus yekuchengetedza (E ') inoderera nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPMC. Mukuwedzera, iyo modulus yekuchengetedza yemasampuli ese yakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera tembiricha, kunze kwekunge iyo modulus yekuchengetera yakachena HPS (10: 0) firimu yakawedzera zvishoma mushure mekupisa kwakawedzera kusvika 70 °C. Pakupisa kwepamusoro, kune firimu rinoumbwa nepamusoro HPMC, iyo modulus yekuchengetedza yefirimu inosanganiswa ine pachena inodzika maitiro nekuwedzera kwekushisa; nepo yemuenzaniso ine yakakwira HPS yemukati, iyo modulus yekuchengetedza inongodzikira zvishoma nekuwedzera kwekushisa.

Mufananidzo 3-3 Kuchengeta modulus (E′) (a) uye kurasikirwa tangent (tan δ) (b) yeHPS/HPMC musanganiswa mafirimu

Zvinogona kuoneka kubva kuMufananidzo 3-3 (b) kuti masampuli ane HPMC emukati akakwira kupfuura 30% (5: 5, 3: 7, 0:10) ese anoratidza girazi rekuchinja peak, uye nekuwedzera kweHPMC zvirimo, girazi rinoshandura tembiricha yekuchinja yakachinjika kune yakanyanya tembiricha, zvichiratidza kuti kuchinjika kweHPMC polymer cheni kwakadzikira. Kune rimwe divi, iyo yakachena HPS membrane inoratidza hombe envelopu yakatenderedza 67 ° C, nepo iyo inoumbwa membrane ine 70% HPS yemukati isina girazi shanduko. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekuti pane imwe nhanho yekudyidzana pakati peHPMC neHPS, nekudaro ichidzora kufamba kwezvikamu zvemamorekuru eHPMC neHPS.

3.3.4 Thermal kugadzikana kuongororwa kwemafirimu anodyika akaumbwa

Fig. 3-4 TGA curves (a) uye zvinobva kwavari (DTG) curves (b) yeHPS/HPMC blend mafirimu

Kugadzikana kwekupisa kweiyo inodyika composite firimu yeHPMC/HPS yakaedzwa ne thermogravimetric analyzer. Mufananidzo 3-4 unoratidza thermogravimetric curve (TGA) uye uremu hwayo hwekuremerwa curve (DTG) yemusanganiswa firimu. Kubva paTGA curve muFigure 3-4(a), zvinogona kuonekwa kuti composite membrane samples dzine mareshiyo akasiyana anoratidza maviri ari pachena thermogravimetric shanduko nhanho pamwe nekuwedzera kwekushisa. Kupisa kwemvura yakashambadzirwa nepolysaccharide macromolecule inoguma nechikamu chidiki chekuonda pa30-180 ° C kusati kwaitika kupisa kwekupisa chaiko. Zvadaro, pane chikamu chakakura chekurasikirwa nehuremu pa300 ~ 450 ° C, pano chikamu chekupisa kwekushisa kweHPMC neHPS.

Kubva paDTG curves muFigure 3-4(b), zvinogona kuoneka kuti thermal degradation peak tembiricha yeHPS yakachena uye yakachena HPMC iri 338 °C uye 400 °C, zvichiteerana, uye tembiricha yekushatisa yekupisa yeHPMC yakachena ndeye. yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yeHPS, zvichiratidza kuti HPMC Irinani kugadzikana kwekupisa pane HPS. Kana iyo HPMC yemukati yaive 30% (7: 3), peak imwe chete yakaonekwa pa347 ° C, iyo inoenderana nehunhu hwepamusoro hweHPS, asi tembiricha yaive yakakwira kupfuura thermal degradation peak yeHPS; apo iyo HPMC yemukati yaive 70% (3: 7), chete hunhu hwepamusoro hweHPMC hwakaonekwa pa400 °C; apo zviri mukati meHPMC zvaive makumi mashanu muzana, maviri epamusoro ekupisa kwekupisa akaonekwa paDTG curve, 345 °C uye 396 °C, zvichiteerana. Iwo nhongonya anoenderana nehunhu hwepamusoro hweHPS neHPMC, zvichiteerana, asi iyo yekupisa yekupisa inoenderana neHPS idiki, uye ese mapikisi ane imwe shanduko. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti mazhinji emusanganiswa membrane anongoratidza hunhu hwepamusoro hunoenderana nechimwe chikamu, uye ivo vanogadziriswa kana vachienzaniswa neiyo yakachena chikamu membrane, iyo inoratidza kuti pane imwe musiyano pakati peHPMC neHPS zvikamu. dhigirii rekuenderana. Iyo yekupisa yekupisa yekupisa tembiricha yeiyo composite membrane yaive yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeHPS yakachena, zvichiratidza kuti HPMC inogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekupisa kweHPS membrane kusvika pamwero wakati.

3.3.5 Mechanical properties wongororo yeinodyika composite film

Iwo anotemesa zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS akaumbwa mafirimu ane mareshiyo akasiyana akayerwa nemakanika midziyo analyzer pa25 °C, humidity yakaenzana ye57% uye 75%. Mufananidzo 3-5 unoratidza elastic modulus (a), kureba panguva yekuzorora (b) uye tensile simba (c) yeHPMC/HPS inoumbwa mafirimu ane mareshiyo akasiyana pasi pehunyoro hwakasiyana. Zvinogona kuoneka kubva pamufananidzo kuti kana hunyoro hwehukama huri 57%, iyo elastic modulus uye kusimba kwesimba reiyo yakachena HPS firimu ndiyo yakakura, uye yakachena HPMC ndiyo idiki. Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPS, iyo elastic modulus uye kusimba kwekusimba kwemafirimu akaumbwa akawedzera kuenderera. Iyo elongation pakupwanyika kweyakachena HPMC membrane yakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yakachena HPS membrane, uye ese ari maviri makuru kupfuura ayo emusanganiswa membrane.

Kana hunyoro hwehukama hwaive hwakakwira (75%) uchienzaniswa ne57% hunyoro hunyoro, iyo elastic modulus uye kusimba kwesimba remasampuli ese kwakadzikira, nepo kureba panguva yekuzorora kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti mvura, seyakajairwa plasticizer, inogona kudzikisa HPMC uye HPS matrix, kuderedza simba pakati pepolymer cheni, uye kugadzirisa mafambiro ezvikamu zvepolymer. Pakunyorova kwepamusoro, iyo elastic modulus uye kusimba kwekusimba kweakachena HPMC mafirimu aive akakwira kupfuura aya emafirimu eHPS akachena, asi kureba panguva yekuzorora kwaive kwakadzikira, mhedzisiro yaive yakasiyana zvachose nemhedzisiro pakunyorova kwakaderera. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kusiyanisa kwema mechanical properties yemafirimu akaumbwa ane component ratios at high humidity ye 75% inonyatsopesana neiyo pamvura yakaderera kana ichienzaniswa nechiitiko pane imwe humidity ye57%. Pasi pehunyoro hwepamusoro, hunyoro hwemufirimu hunowedzera, uye mvura haina kungoita imwe plasticizing mhedzisiro pane polymer matrix, asiwo inosimudzira recrystallization ye starch. Kuenzaniswa neHPMC, HPS ine tsika yakasimba yekudzokorora, saka mhedzisiro yekunyorova paHPS yakakura kupfuura iyo yeHPMC.

Fig. 3-5 Tensile properties yemafirimu eHPS/HPMC ane mareshiyo akasiyana eHPS/HPMC akaenzana pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekuzvininipisa (RH). *: mavara akasiyana-siyana akasiyana zvakanyanya neRH akasiyana, anoiswa mune yakazara dissertation

3.3.6 Ongororo yeOxygen Permeability yeEdible Composite Films

Inodible composite firimu rinoshandiswa sechikafu kurongedza zvinhu kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yechikafu, uye kushanda kwayo kweokisijeni yekudzivirira ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha. Nokudaro, mazinga ekufambisa okisijeni emafirimu anodyiwa ane zviyero zvakasiyana zveHPMC / HPS zvakayerwa pakupisa kwe23 ° C, uye zvigumisiro zvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3-6. Zvinogona kuoneka kubva pamufananidzo kuti iyo okisijeni permeability yeyakachena HPS membrane yakadzikira pane iyo yakachena HPMC membrane, zvichiratidza kuti HPS membrane ine zvirinani zvipingamupinyi zveokisijeni pane HPMC membrane. Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera viscosity uye kuvepo kweamorphous matunhu, HPMC iri nyore kuumba yakasununguka yakaderera-density network chimiro mufirimu; kana ichienzaniswa neHPS, ine tsika yepamusoro yekudzokorora, uye zviri nyore kuumba dense chimiro mufirimu. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti mafirimu e starch ane yakanaka oxygen barriers zvivakwa zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mapolymer [139, 301, 335, 336].

Fig. 3-6 Oxygen permeability yeHPS/HPMC blend films

Kuwedzerwa kweHPS kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kupenya kweokisijeni yeHPMC membranes, uye kufema kweokisijeni yezvikamu zvakaumbwa kunoderera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPS. Kuwedzerwa kweiyo okisijeni-isingapindi HPS inogona kuwedzera tortuosity yemugero weokisijeni mune inoumbwa membrane, izvo zvinozotungamira mukudzikira kweiyo okisijeni permeation rate uye pakupedzisira kuderera kweokisijeni permeability. Mhedzisiro yakafanana yakashumwa kune mamwe madhiri ekuzvarwa [139,301].

3.4 Pfupiso yechitsauko chino

Muchitsauko chino, kushandisa HPMC neHPS sechinhu chikuru chekushandisa, uye kuwedzera polyethylene glycol seplasticizer, iyo inodyiwa inosanganiswa mafirimu eHPMC / HPS ane mareshiyo akasiyana akagadzirwa nenzira yekukanda. Kupesvedzerwa kwemaitiro echisikigo ezvikamu uye chiyero chekubatanidza pane microscopic morphology yecomposite membrane yakadzidzwa ne scanning electron microscopy; ma mechanical properties of the composite membrane akadzidzwa ne mechanical-properties tester. Kurudziro yezvakazvarwa zvimiro zvezvikamu uye chiyero chekubatanidza pane okisijeni barriers zvivakwa uye kufambiswa kwechiedza chemusanganiswa firimu yakaongororwa neokisijeni transmittance tester uye UV-vis spectrophotometer. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis uye dynamic thermal analysis yakashandiswa. Mechanical analysis uye dzimwe nzira dzekuongorora dzakashandiswa kudzidza kuenderana uye kupatsanurwa kwechikamu cheinotonhora-inopisa gel compound system. Zvinonyanya kuwanikwa ndezvizvi:

1. Kuenzaniswa neHPMC yakachena, HPS yakachena iri nyore kuumba homogeneous uye yakatsetseka microscopic pamusoro morphology. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekugadziridzwa kurinani kwema molecular e starch macromolecules (amylose molecules uye amylopectin molecules) mu starch aqueous solution panguva yekutonhora.
2. Macompound ane yakakwira HPMC zvemukati anowanzo kuumba homogeneous membrane zvimiro. Izvi zvinonyanya kubva pane gel zvinhu zveHPMC neHPS. Pane tembiricha yekugadzira firimu, HPMC neHPS inoratidza yakaderera-viscosity mhinduro mamiriro uye yakakwirira-viscosity gel state, zvichiteerana. Iyo yakakwirira-viscosity yakapararira chikamu inoparadzirwa mune yakaderera-viscosity inoenderera chikamu. , zviri nyore kugadzira homogeneous system.
3. Hunyoro hunyoro hune mhedzisiro yakakosha pamagetsi emhando yeHPMC/HPS akaumbwa mafirimu, uye dhigirii rekuita kwayo rinowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo HPS yemukati. Pakudzika kwehunyoro hunyoro, ese ari maviri elastic modulus uye kusimba kwekusimba kwemafirimu akaumbwa akawedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo HPS zvemukati, uye kureba panguva yekuzorora kwemafirimu akaumbwa kwaive kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yemafirimu akachena echikamu. Nekuwedzera kwehunyoro hunoenderana, iyo elastic modulus uye kusimba kwesimba remusanganiswa firimu rakaderera, uye kureba panguva yekuzorora kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye hukama pakati pemichina yemhando yefirimu inoumbwa uye chiyero chemusanganiswa chakaratidza kupesana zvachose shanduko pasi peakasiyana. hunyoro hwehukama. Iwo emakanika zvimiro zveanosanganisirwa membranes ane akasiyana composite ratios anoratidza mharadzano pasi peakasiyana humidity mamiriro, ayo anopa mukana wekukwiridzira kuita kwechigadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekushandisa.
4. Kuwedzerwa kweHPS kwakavandudza zvakanyanya iyo okisijeni barriers zvivakwa zvecomposite membrane. Iyo oksijeni permeability yecomposite membrane yakadzikira zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweHPS yemukati.
5. MuHPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa gel compound system, pane kumwe kuenderana pakati pezvikamu zviviri izvi. Hapana akajeka maviri-pase interface yakawanikwa muSEM mifananidzo yemafirimu ese akaumbwa, mazhinji emafirimu akaumbwa aingova negirazi rimwe chete rekuchinja mumhedzisiro yeDMA, uye imwe chete yekupisa yekupisa peak yakaonekwa muDTG curves yeakawanda emubatanidzwa. mafirimu. Zvinoratidza kuti pane imwe tsananguro pakati peHPMC neHPS.

Mhedzisiro yekuedza iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti kusanganiswa kweHPS neHPMC hakugone chete kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira weHPMC inodyiwa firimu, asi zvakare kunatsiridza mashandiro ayo. Iyo mechanical properties, oxygen barrier properties uye optical properties ye edible composite film inogona kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa chiyero chekubatanidza chezvikamu zviviri uye hunyoro hwemamiriro ekunze.

Chitsauko 4 Hukama pakati peMicromorphology uye Mechanical Properties yeHPMC/HPS Compound System

Kuenzaniswa neiyo yepamusoro yekusanganisa entropy panguva yekusanganiswa kwesimbi alloy, iyo yekusanganisa entropy panguva yepolymer komputa kazhinji idiki kwazvo, uye kupisa kwemusanganiswa panguva yekubatanidza kunowanzo kuve kwakanaka, zvichikonzera maitiro epolymer musanganiswa. Iyo Gibbs yemahara simba shanduko mune yakanaka (���>), saka, maumbirwo epolymer anowanzo kuumba masisitimu akapatsanurwa maviri-chikamu masisitimu, uye anonyatsoenderana nemapolymer maumbirwo haawanzo kuwanikwa [242].

Miscible compound masisitimu anogona kazhinji kuwana mamolecular-level miscibility mu thermodynamics uye kuumba homogeneous makomisheni, saka mazhinji emapolymer emukomboni masisitimu haagoneke. Zvisinei, akawanda mapolymer compound systems anogona kusvika kune imwe nyika inowirirana pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuva masisitimu emakomponi ane kumwe kuenderana [257].

Iyo macroscopic properties yakadai sema mechanical properties ye polymer composite systems inoenderana nepamusoro pekubatana uye chikamu morphology yezvikamu zvavo, kunyanya kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu uye kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvinopfuurira uye zvakapararira [301]. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha zvikuru kudzidza iyo microscopic morphology uye macroscopic zvimiro zveiyo composite system uye kumisa hukama pakati pavo, izvo zvakakosha kudzora hunhu hwezvinhu zvinoumbwa nekudzora chikamu chechimiro uye kuenderana kweiyo composite system.

Muchidzidzo chekudzidza morphology uye chikamu dhiyagiramu yehurongwa hwakaoma, zvakakosha zvikuru kusarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzekusiyanisa zvikamu zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, musiyano uripo pakati peHPMC neHPS wakaoma, nokuti zvose zviri pachena uye zvakafanana refractive index, saka zvakaoma kusiyanisa zvikamu zviviri neoptical microscopy; uyezve, nekuti ese ari maviri ari organic kabhoni-yakavakirwa zvinhu, saka iwo maviri ane akafanana simba absorption, saka zvakare zvakaoma kuvheneka ma electron microscopy kunyatsosiyanisa peya yezvikamu. Fourier kushandura infrared spectroscopy inogona kuratidza shanduko ye morphology uye dhizaini yeprotein-starch yakaoma system nereshiyo yenzvimbo yepolysaccharide bhendi pa1180-953 cm-1 uye bhendi reamide pa1750-1483 cm-1 [52, 337], asi nzira iyi yakaoma kunzwisisa uye kazhinji inoda synchrotron mwaranzi Fourier kushandura infrared matekiniki kuti abudise musiyano wakakwana weHPMC/HPS mahybrid masisitimu. Kunewo maitiro ekuwana kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu, zvakadai sekutumira electron microscopy uye duku-angle X-ray kuparadzira, asi maitiro aya anowanzooma [338]. Muchidzidzo ichi, iyo yakapfava iodine dyeing optical microscope yekuongorora nzira inoshandiswa, uye musimboti wekuti boka rekupedzisira reamylose helical dhizaini rinogona kuita neiodine kugadzira inclusion complexes rinoshandiswa kudhaya iyo HPMC/HPS kompani system nekudhaya iodine, saka. kuti HPS Zvikamu zvakasiyaniswa kubva kuzvikamu zveHPMC nemavara awo akasiyana pasi pemaikorosikopu. Naizvozvo, iyo iodine dyeing optical microscope yekuongorora nzira inzira yakapusa uye inoshanda yekutsvagisa ye morphology uye chikamu dhizaini yemasitadhi-based yakaoma masisitimu.

Muchitsauko chino, microscopic morphology, kugoverwa kwechikamu, kuchinja kwechikamu uye mamwe ma microstructures eHPMC / HPS compound system zvakadzidzwa nenzira yeiodine dyeing optical microscope analysis; uye mechanical properties uye mamwe macroscopic properties; uye kuburikidza nekuongorora kuwirirana kweiyo microscopic morphology uye macroscopic maitiro ezvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa mhinduro uye kuenzanisa kuenzanisa, hukama pakati pe microstructure uye macroscopic properties yeHPMC / HPS compound system yakasimbiswa, kuitira kutonga HPMC / HPS. Ipa hwaro hwezvinhu zvezvinhu zvinosanganiswa.

4.1 Zvishandiso uye Zvishandiso

4.1.1 Zvinhu zvikuru zvekuedza

4.2 Nzira yekuedza

4.2.1 Kugadzirira kweHPMC/HPS komputa mhinduro

Gadzirira HPMC mhinduro uye HPS mhinduro pa3%, 5%, 7% uye 9% yevasungwa, ona 2.2.1 yegadziriro nzira. Sanganisa HPMC mhinduro uye HPS mhinduro maererano 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 45:55, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, 0: 100 Zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasanganiswa pakukurumidza kwe 250 rmp / min pa 21 ° C ye 30 min, uye zvakasanganiswa zvinogadziriswa zvine maitiro akasiyana uye zviyero zvakasiyana zvakawanikwa.

4.2.2 Kugadzirira kweHPMC/HPS composite membrane

Ona 3.2.1.

4.2.3 Kugadzirira kweHPMC/HPS composite capsules

Tarisa kune mhinduro yakagadzirwa nenzira iri muna 2.2.1, shandisa stainless-steel mold yekunyura, woiomesa pa37 °C. Dhonza ma capsules akaomeswa, bvisa zvakawandisa, uye uzviise pamwe chete kuti uite peya.

4.2.4 HPMC/HPS inoumba firimu optical maikorosikopu

4.2.4.1 Misimboti yeOptical Microscopy Analysis

Iyo microscope yemaziso inoshandisa iyo optical musimboti wekukudza kufungidzira ne-convex lens, uye inoshandisa malenzi maviri anochinja kuwedzera kona yekuvhura yechinhu chidiki chiri padyo kumaziso, uye kukudza hukuru hwezvinhu zvidiki zvisingaonekwe neziso remunhu. kusvikira hukuru hwezvinhu huchikwanisa kuonekwa neziso remunhu.

4.2.4.2 Nzira yekuedza

Iyo HPMC/HPS musanganiswa mhinduro dzeakasiyana-siyana uye mareshiyo emusanganiswa akatorwa pa21 °C, akadonhedzwa pagirazi siraidhi, akakandwa mutete, uye akaomeswa pane imwe tembiricha. Mafirimu akasvibiswa ne1% yeiodine solution (1 g yeiodine uye 10 g ye potassium iodide yakaiswa mu 100-mL volumetric flask, uye yakanyungudutswa mu ethanol), yakaiswa mumunda we microscope chiedza kuti ione uye kutorwa mifananidzo.

4.2.5 Chiedza chekufambisa kweHPMC/HPS composite film

4.2.5.1 Kuongorora nheyo yeUV-vis spectrophotometry

Zvakafanana ne 3.2.3.1.

4.2.5.1 Nzira yekuedza

Ona 3.2.3.2.

4.2.6 Tensile zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS composite films

4.2.6.1 Nheyo yekuongorora midziyo

Zvakafanana ne 3.2.3.1.

4.2.6.1 Nzira yekuedza

Iwo masampula akaedzwa mushure mekuenzanisa pa73% humidity ye48 h. Ona 3.2.3.2 yenzira yekuedza.

4.3 Mibairo uye Hurukuro

4.3.1 Kuonekwa kwechigadzirwa pachena

Mufananidzo 4-1 unoratidza mafirimu anodyiwa uye makapisi akagadzirwa nekubatanidza HPMC neHPS muchikamu che70:30 chinosanganisa. Sezvinoonekwa kubva pamufananidzo, zvigadzirwa zvine kujeka kwakanaka, izvo zvinoratidza kuti HPMC neHPS vane yakafanana refractive indices, uye homogeneous komisheni inogona kuwanikwa mushure mekubatanidza maviri.

4.3.2 Optical maikorosikopu mifananidzo yeHPMC/HPS yakaoma pamberi uye mushure mekusvibiswa

Mufananidzo 4-2 unoratidza yakajairika morphology pamberi uye mushure mekudhayiwa kweHPMC/HPS macomplexes ane akasiyana competing ratios anocherechedzwa pasi peiyo optical microscope. Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo, zvakaoma kusiyanisa chikamu cheHPMC uye chikamu cheHPS mumufananidzo usina kusvibiswa; iyo yakadhayiwa yakachena HPMC uye yakachena HPS inoratidza iwo ega mavara akasiyana, izvo zvinodaro nekuti maitiro eHPS uye ayodhini kuburikidza neiyo iodine tsvina Ruvara rwayo rwunosviba. Naizvozvo, zvikamu zviviri muHPMC/HPS kompani system zviri nyore uye zvakajeka, izvo zvinoramba zvichiratidza kuti HPMC neHPS haina kukanganiswa uye haigone kuumba homogeneous komboni. Sezvinoonekwa kubva pamufananidzo, sezvo huwandu hweHPS hunowedzera, nzvimbo yenzvimbo yerima (HPS chikamu) mumufananidzo inoramba ichiwedzera sezvaitarisirwa, zvichisimbisa kuti kurongeka kwezvikamu zviviri kunoitika panguva iyi. Kana zvirimo zveHPMC zvakakwirira kupfuura makumi mana muzana, HPMC inopa mamiriro ekuenderera mberi kwechikamu, uye HPS inoparadzirwa muchikamu chinoenderera cheHPMC sechikamu chakaparadzirwa. Kusiyana neizvi, kana zvirimo zveHPMC zvakaderera pane makumi mana muzana, HPS inopa mamiriro ekuenderera mberi, uye HPMC inoparadzirwa muchikamu chinoenderera cheHPS sechikamu chakapararira. Naizvozvo, mu5% HPMC/HPS musanganiswa wemhinduro, nekuwedzera kweHPS zvemukati, zvakapesana zvakaitika apo muyero wekomboni yaive HPMC/HPS 40:60. Chikamu chinoenderera chinoshanduka kubva pachikamu chekutanga cheHPMC kuenda kune chekupedzisira HPS chikamu. Nekutarisa chimiro chechikamu, zvinogona kuoneka kuti chikamu cheHPMC muHPS matrix chakaita spherical mushure mekupararira, nepo chimiro chakapararira chechikamu cheHPS muHPMC matrix chinowedzera kusarongeka.

Uyezve, nekuverenga chiyero chenzvimbo yenzvimbo ine ruvara-ruvara (HPMC) kune yakasviba-ruvara nzvimbo (HPS) muHPMC / HPS yakaoma mushure mekudhaya (pasina kufunga nezve mesophase mamiriro), zvakaonekwa kuti nzvimbo ye HPMC (ruvara rwakajeka)/HPS (ruvara rwakasvibira) muchimiro Reshiyo inogara yakakura kupfuura iyo chaiyo HPMC/HPS yekomboni reshiyo. Semuenzaniso, mudhayagiramu yekusvibisa yeHPMC / HPS musanganiswa ine chiyero che50:50, nzvimbo yeHPS munzvimbo ye interphase haina kuverengerwa, uye chiyero chechiedza / rima nzvimbo 71/29. Mhedzisiro iyi inosimbisa kuvepo kwenhamba huru yemesophases muHPMC/HPS composite system.

Zvinonyatso zivikanwa kuti masystem anoenderana nepolymer compating system haawanzo kuwanda nekuti panguva yepolymer compounding process, kupisa kwemusanganiswa kunowanzo kuve kwakanaka uye entropy yekusanganisa kazhinji inochinja zvishoma, zvichizokonzera simba remahara panguva yekubatanidza shanduko kune yakanaka kukosha. Nekudaro, muHPMC/HPS kompani system, HPMC neHPS vachiri kuvimbisa kuratidza hukuru hukuru hwekuenderana, nekuti HPMC neHPS ese ari hydrophilic polysaccharides, ane imwechete structural unit - glucose, uye kupfuura imwechete inoshanda boka inogadziriswa hydroxypropyl. Chiitiko cheakawanda mesophases muHPMC/HPS kompani system inoratidzawo kuti HPMC neHPS mukomboni ine imwe nhanho yekuenderana, uye chiitiko chakafanana chinoitika mu starch-polyvinyl alcohol blend system ine plasticizer yakawedzerwa. zvakare yakaonekwa [339].

4.3.3 Hukama huri pakati peiyo microscopic morphology uye macroscopic maitiro ekomboni system

Hukama huri pakati peiyo morphology, chikamu chekuparadzanisa chiitiko, pachena uye mechanical zvinhu zveHPMC/HPS composite system yakadzidzwa zvakadzama. Mufananidzo 4-3 inoratidza mhedzisiro yeHPS yemukati pane macroscopic zvivakwa senge pachena uye tensile modulus yeHPMC/HPS kompani system. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti kujeka kweHPMC yakachena kwakakwirira kudarika iyo yeHPS yakachena, kunyanya nokuti recrystallization ye starch inoderedza kujeka kweHPS, uye hydroxypropyl kugadziriswa kwe starch zvakare chikonzero chakakosha chekuderedza HPS [340, 341]. Inogona kuwanikwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti iyo transmittance yeHPMC/HPS komputa system ichave neiyo shoma kukosha nemusiyano weiyo HPS yemukati. Kufambiswa kweiyo kompani system, muhuwandu hweHPS yemukati pazasi 70%, inowedzera neit inoderera nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPS; kana HPS yemukati ichipfuura 70%, inowedzera nekuwedzera kweHPS yemukati. Ichi chiitiko chinoreva kuti iyo HPMC/HPS komputa system haigoneke, nekuti chikamu chekuparadzanisa chiitiko chehurongwa chinotungamira kudzikira kwekufambiswa kwechiedza. Kusiyana neizvi, iyo Yechidiki modulus yekomboni system yakaratidzawo diki poindi ine zvikamu zvakasiyana, uye iyo Yechidiki modulus yakaramba ichidzikira nekuwedzera kweiyo HPS yemukati, uye yakasvika padanho repasi apo HPS yemukati yaive 60%. Iyo modulus yakaramba ichiwedzera, uye modulus yakawedzera zvishoma. Iyo Young's modulus yeHPMC/HPS kompani system yakaratidza hushoma kukosha, iyo yairatidzawo kuti kompani system yaive immiscible system. Iyo yakaderera poindi yekufambiswa kwemwenje yeHPMC/HPS komputa system inopindirana nechikamu chekuchinja cheHPMC chinoenderera chikamu kune chakapararira chikamu uye yakaderera poindi yeYoung's modulus kukosha muMufananidzo 4-2.

4.3.4 Mhedzisiro yekugadzirisa kugadzirisa pane microscopic morphology yekomboni system

Mufananidzo 4-4 unoratidza maitiro ekugadzirisa kugadzirisa pane morphology uye chikamu chekushandura kweHPMC / HPS compound system. Sezvingaonekwa kubva pamufananidzo, iyo yakaderera ye3% HPMC / HPS komputa system, muyero yekomboni yeHPMC / HPS ndeye 40: 60, kutaridzika kweiyo-inoenderera chimiro inogona kucherechedzwa; nepo muhuwandu hwepamusoro hwe7% mhinduro, iyi inoenderera mberi chimiro inoonekwa mumufananidzo ine chiyero chekubatanidza che50:50. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti chikamu chekuchinja cheiyo HPMC/HPS komputa system ine kumwe kutsamira, uye iyo HPMC/HPS yemubatanidzwa reshiyo yechikamu cheshanduko inowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo mukomboni solution concentration, uye HPS inowanzoita chikamu chinoenderera. . . Mukuwedzera, nzvimbo dzeHPS dzakapararira muHPMC inoenderera mberi yakaratidza maumbirwo akafanana uye morphologies nekuchinja kwekugadzirisa; nepo HPMC yakaparadzira zvikamu zvakapararira muHPS inoenderera chikamu yakaratidza maumbirwo akasiyana uye morphologies pazvikamu zvakasiyana. uye nekuwedzera kwekugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa, nzvimbo yekuparadzira yeHPMC yakawedzera kusarongeka. Chikonzero chikuru chechiitiko ichi ndechekuti viscosity yeHPS mhinduro yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yeHPMC mhinduro pakamuri tembiricha, uye maitiro eiyo HPMC chikamu chekugadzira yakatsetseka spherical state inodzvinyirirwa nekuda kwekunetsekana kwepamusoro.

4.3.5 Mhedzisiro yemhinduro yekugadzirisa pane mechanical properties yecompound system

Inoenderana neiyo morphologies yeFig. 4-4, Fig. 4-5 inoratidza kusimba kwezvinhu zvemafirimu akaumbwa akaumbwa pasi pemhinduro dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa. Zvinogona kuoneka kubva pamufananidzo kuti iyo Young's modulus uye kureba pakupwanyika kweHPMC/HPS composite system inowanzo derera nekuwedzera kwekugadziriswa kwemhinduro, izvo zvinoenderana nekuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kweHPMC kubva pachikamu chinoenderera kuenda kuchikamu chakapararira mumufananidzo 4. -4. Iyo microscopic morphology inowirirana. Sezvo Mudiki's modulus yeHPMC homopolymer yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeHPS, zvinofanotaurwa kuti Yechidiki modulus yeHPMC/HPS composite system ichavandudzwa kana HPMC iri chikamu chinoenderera.

4.4 Pfupiso yechitsauko chino

Muchitsauko chino, HPMC/HPS macompound solutions uye mafirimu anodyika akaumbwa ane maconcentrations akasiyana uye compoting ratios akagadzirirwa, uye microscopic morphology uye phase transition yeHPMC/HPS compound system yakaonekwa neoptical microscope analysis yeiodine staining kusiyanisa starch phases. The light transmittance and mechanical properties of the edible composite film of HPMC/HPS dzakadzidzwa neUV-vis spectrophotometer uye mechanical property tester, uye migumisiro yezvakasiyana-siyana uye kusanganiswa kwereshiyo pane optical properties uye mechanical properties ye companing system yakadzidzwa. Ukama huri pakati pe microstructure uye macroscopic properties yeHPMC/HPS compound system yakatangwa nekubatanidza microstructure ye composite system, yakadai se microstructure, phase transition uye phase kupatsanurwa, uye macroscopic zvinhu zvakadai se optical properties uye mechanical properties. Zvinonyanya kuwanikwa ndezvizvi:

1. Iyo optical maikorosikopu yekuongorora nzira yekusiyanisa nhanho dze starch nekusvibisa ayodhini ndiyo yakapusa, yakananga uye inoshanda nzira yekudzidza iyo morphology uye chikamu shanduko ye starch-based compound masisitimu. Nekusvibiswa kweiodine, chikamu che starch chinoratidzika chakasviba uye chakasviba pasi pechiedza che microscopy, nepo HPMC isina kusvibiswa uye saka inoratidzika yakareruka muruvara.
2. Iyo HPMC/HPS kompani system haina kukanganisika, uye kune chikamu cheshanduko poindi mukomboni system, uye iyi nhanho yeshanduko yechikamu ine imwe yepakati reshiyo kutsamira uye mhinduro yekutsamira.
3. Iyo HPMC/HPS kompani system ine kuenderana kwakanaka, uye nhamba huru yemesophases iripo mukomboni system. Muchikamu chepakati, chikamu chinopfuurira chinoparadzirwa muchikamu chakapararira mumamiriro ezvikamu.
4. Chikamu chakapararira cheHPS muHPMC matrix chakaratidza chimiro chakafanana che spherical pazvikamu zvakasiyana; HPMC yakaratidza morphology isina kukwana muHPS matrix, uye kusarongeka kweiyo morphology kwakawedzera nekuwedzera kwekufungisisa.
5. Hukama huri pakati peiyo microstructure, phase transition, transparency and mechanical properties yeHPMC/HPS composite system yakatangwa. a. Iyo yakaderera poindi yekubuda pachena kweiyo komputa system inopindirana nechikamu chekuchinja nzvimbo yeHPMC kubva pachikamu chinoenderera kuenda kuchikamu chakapararira uye iyo shoma yekudzikira kwetensile modulus. b. Iyo Yechidiki modulus uye kureba panguva yekuzorora inodzikira nekuwedzera kwekugadziriswa kwemhinduro, izvo zvine chekuita nekuchinja kwe morphological yeHPMC kubva pachikamu chinoenderera kuenda kuchikamu chakapararira mukomboni system.

Muchidimbu, iyo macroscopic zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS composite system yakanyatso hukama neiyo microscopic morphological chimiro, nhanho shanduko, kupatsanurwa kwechikamu uye zvimwe zviitiko, uye zvimiro zvemacomposites zvinogona kudzorwa nekudzora chikamu chechimiro uye kuenderana kweiyo composite. system.

Chitsauko 5 Kupesvedzera kweHPS Hydroxypropyl Kutsiva Dhigirii paRheological Properties yeHPMC/HPS Compound System

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kuchinja kuduku mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari ye starch kunogona kutungamirira kukuchinja kunoshamisa mune zvayo rheological properties. Naizvozvo, kugadziridzwa kwemakemikari kunopa mukana wekuvandudza nekudzora rheological zvinhu zve starch-based zvigadzirwa [342]. Nekudaro, kugona kupesvedzera kwe starch kemikari chimiro pane yayo rheological properties kunogona kunzwisisa zviri nani zvimiro zve starch-based zvigadzirwa, uye kupa hwaro hwekugadzira yakagadziridzwa masitashi ane yakagadziridzwa starch inoshanda zvimiro [235]. Hydroxypropyl starch inyanzvi yakagadziridzwa sitachi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekudya nemishonga. Inowanzo gadzirirwa ne etherification reaction ye native starch ine propylene oxide pasi pemamiriro e alkaline. Hydroxypropyl iboka re hydrophilic. Kupinzwa kwemapoka aya mu starch molecular chain kunogona kutyora kana kunetesa intramolecular hydrogen bonds inochengetedza starch granule chimiro. Nokudaro, iyo physicochemical properties ye hydroxypropyl starch yakabatana nehuwandu hwekutsiviwa kwemapoka e-hydroxypropyl pamaketani ayo emakemikari [233, 235, 343, 344].

Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaongorora maitiro ehydroxypropyl substitution degree pane physicochemical properties yehydroxypropyl starch. Han et al. akadzidza mhedzisiro yehydroxypropyl waxy starch uye hydroxypropyl cornstarch pane chimiro uye kudzoreredza maitiro emakeke emupunga eKorea. Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti hydroxypropylation inogona kuderedza kupisa kwegelatinization ye starch uye kugadzirisa mvura inobata simba re starch. kuita, uye zvakanyanya kurambidza kuchembera chiitiko che starch muKorea glutinous mupunga makeke [345]. Kaur et al. akadzidza mashandiro ehydroxypropyl substitution pane physicochemical properties yemhando dzakasiyana dzestarch yembatatisi, ndokuona kuti dhigirii rehydroxypropyl kutsiva starch yembatatisi rakasiyana nemhando dzakasiyana, uye mhedzisiro yaro pazvimiro zvestarch nehukuru particle size Zvinonyanya kukosha; iyo hydroxypropylation reaction inokonzera zvidimbu zvakawanda uye grooves pamusoro pe starch granules; hydroxypropyl substitution inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuzvimba, kunyungudika kwemvura uye kunyungudika kwe starch mu dimethyl sulfoxide, uye kunatsiridza starch kujeka kwepaste [346]. Lawal et al. akadzidza maitiro e hydroxypropyl kutsiva pane zvimiro zvesitashi mbambaira. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti mushure mekugadzirisa hydroxypropyl, kusununguka kwekusununguka kwekuputika uye kunyunguduka kwemvura ye starch kwakagadziridzwa; iyo recrystallization uye retrogradation yekuzvarwa starch yakadziviswa; Digestibility inovandudzwa [347]. Schmitz et al. yakagadzirira hydroxypropyl tapioca starch uye yakawana iine kukwirira kwekuzvimba uye viscosity, kuderera kwekuchembera, uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwechando [344].

Zvisinei, pane zvidzidzo zvishomanana pamusoro pe rheological properties ye hydroxypropyl starch, uye migumisiro ye hydroxypropyl kushandura pane rheological properties uye gel zvinhu zve starch-based compound systems hazvina kumbotaurwa kusvika ikozvino. Chun et al. akadzidza rheology ye-low-concentration (5%) hydroxypropyl mupunga starch solution. Mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti mhedzisiro ye hydroxypropyl shanduko pane yakatsiga-state uye dynamic viscoelasticity ye starch solution yaive yakabatana nedhigirii rekutsinhanisa, uye shoma shoma ye hydroxypropyl Propyl substitution inogona kuchinja zvakanyanya rheological properties ye starch solutions; iyo viscosity coefficient ye starch solution inodzikira nekuwedzera kwekutsiva dhigirii, uye tembiricha yekutsamira kweiyo rheological properties inowedzera nekuwedzera kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree. Mari yacho inoderera nekuwedzera dhigirii yekutsiva [342]. Lee et al. akadzidza maitiro e hydroxypropyl substitution pane zvemuviri zvinhu uye rheological properties ye sweet potato starch, uye migumisiro yakaratidza kuti kuzvimba kukwanisa uye kunyunguduka kwemvura ye starch kwakawedzera nekuwedzera kwechidimbu che hydroxypropyl substitution; Iyo enthalpy kukosha inoderera nekuwedzera kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree; iyo viscosity coefficient, yakaoma viscosity, kushushikana kwegoho, yakaoma viscosity uye dynamic modulus ye starch solution zvose zvinoderera nekuwedzera kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree, fluid index uye kurasikirwa kunowedzera nechiyero che hydroxypropyl substitution; iyo gel simba re starch glue inoderera, kugadzikana-kugadzikana kunowedzera, uye syneresis effect inoderera [235].

Muchitsauko chino, mhedzisiro yeHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree pane rheological properties uye gel properties yeHPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa gel compound system yakadzidzwa. Mamiriro ekuchinja ane kukosha kukuru kwekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwehukama pakati pekuumbwa kwechimiro uye rheological properties. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo gelation mechanism yeHPMC/HPS reverse-cooling compound system yakatanga kukurukurwa, kuitira kuti ipe humwe hutungamiriri hwedzidziso kune mamwe akafanana reverse-kupisa-kutonhora gel masisitimu.

5.1 Zvishandiso uye Zvishandiso

5.1.1 Zvinhu zvikuru zvekuedza

5.1.2 Zvishandiso nemidziyo mikuru

5.2 Nzira yekuedza

5.2.1 Gadziriro yemhinduro dzemukomboni

15% HPMC/HPS macompound solutions ane macompounding ratios akasiyana (100/0, 50/50, 0/100) uye HPS ane madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution (G80, A939, A1081) akagadzirwa. Nzira dzekugadzirira dzeA1081, A939, HPMC uye mhinduro dzadzo dzakasanganiswa dzinoratidzwa mu2.2.1. G80 nemishonga yayo yekomboni ine HPMC inoiswa gelatinized nekukurudzira pasi pemamiriro e1500psi uye 110 ° C mune autoclave, nekuti G80 Native starch ine amylose yakakwira (80%), uye tembiricha yayo yegelatinization yakakwira kupfuura 100 ° C, isingagone. yakasvika neyokutanga mvura-yekugeza gelatinization nzira [348].

5.2.2 Rheological properties yeHPMC/HPS macompound solutions ane madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution

5.2.2.1 Nheyo yekuongorora rheological

Zvakafanana ne 2.2.2.1

5.2.2.2 Flow mode test nzira

Iyo parallel plate clamp ine dhayamita ye60 mm yakashandiswa, uye kupatsanurwa kweplate kwakaiswa 1 mm.

1. Pane pre-shear flow test method uye matatu-nhanho thixotropy. Zvakafanana ne 2.2.2.2.
2. Kuyerera bvunzo nzira isina pre-shear uye thixotropic mhete thixotropy. Tembiricha yekuyedza i25 °C, a. Kuveura pakuwedzera kukurumidza, shear rate range 0-1000 s-1, nguva yekuveura 1 min; b. Kuveura nguva dzose, kuveura chiyero 1000 s-1, nguva yekuveura 1 min; c. Yakaderedzwa kukurumidza kuveura, shear rate range ndeye 1000-0s-1, uye nguva yekuveura i1 min.

5.2.2.3 Oscillation mode bvunzo nzira

Chigadziko cheplate chakafanana chine dhayamita ye60 mm chakashandiswa, uye nzvimbo yeplateti yakaiswa ku 1 mm.

1. Deformation variable sweep. Test tembiricha 25 °C, frequency 1 Hz, deformation 0.01-100%.
2. Tembiricha scan. Frequency 1 Hz, deformation 0.1 %, a. Kupisa nzira, tembiricha 5-85 °C, chiyero chekupisa 2 °C/min; b. Kutonhodza maitiro, tembiricha 85-5 °C, kutonhora 2 °C/min. Silicone mafuta chisimbiso chinoshandiswa kutenderedza sampuli kudzivirira kurasikirwa nehunyoro panguva yekuyedzwa.
3. Frequency tsvaira. Kusiyana 0.1%, frequency 1-100 rad/s. Miedzo yakaitwa pa5 ° C uye 85 ° C, zvichiteerana, uye yakaenzana patembiricha yekuyedza kwemaminetsi mashanu isati yaedzwa.

Hukama pakati pekuchengetera modulus G′ uye kurasikirwa modulus G ″ yepolymer mhinduro uye angular frequency ω inotevera mutemo wesimba:

uko n′ uye n″ ndiwo materu egiyo G'-log ω uye danda G″-log ω, zvichiteerana;

G0′ uye G0″ ndiwo mabatirwo egiyo G'-log ω uye log G″-log ω, zvichiteerana.

5.2.3 Optical maikorosikopu

5.2.3.1 Chishandiso musimboti

Zvakafanana ne 4.2.3.1

5.2.3.2 Nzira yekuedza

Iyo 3% 5: 5 HPMC/HPS musanganiswa wemushonga wakatorwa kunze kwekudziya kwakasiyana kwe25 °C, 45 °C, uye 85 °C, yakadonhedzwa pagirazi siraidhi yakachengetwa patembiricha imwe chete, ndokukandwa mufirimu rakatetepa. layer solution uye yakaomeswa pane imwe tembiricha. Mafirimu akasvibiswa ne1% iodine solution, akaiswa mumunda we microscope chiedza chekucherechedza uye kutorwa mifananidzo.

5.3 Mibairo uye Hurukuro

5.3.1 Viscosity uye kuyerera maitiro ekuongorora

5.3.1.1 Kuyerera bvunzo nzira isina pre-kuveura uye thixotropic mhete thixotropy

Uchishandisa nzira yekuyerera yekuyedza pasina pre-kuveura uye iyo thixotropic mhete thixotropic nzira, viscosity yeHPMC/HPS kompani mhinduro ine madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl inotsiva HPS yakadzidzwa. Migumisiro inoratidzwa muFigure 5-1. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti viscosity yemasampuli ese anoratidza kuderera kwemaitiro nekuwedzera kweshear rate pasi pekuita kweshear force, kuratidza imwe dhigirii yeshear thinning phenomenon. Yakawanda yakakwira-concentration polymer mhinduro kana kunyungudika inopinda yakasimba disentanglement uye molecular rearrangement pasi peshear, zvichiratidza pseudoplastic fluid maitiro [305, 349, 350]. Nekudaro, iyo shear kuonda madhigirii eHPMC/HPS musanganiswa mhinduro dzeHPS dzine akasiyana hydroxypropyl substitution degrees akasiyana.

Fig. 5-1 Viscosities vs. shear rate yeHPS/HPMC solution ine hydropropyl substitution degree yakasiyana yeHPS (pasina pre-kuveura, zviratidzo zvakasimba uye zvisina mhango zvinopa kuwedzera kwehuwandu uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwekuita, maererano)

Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti viscosity uye shear kuonda dhigirii yeyakachena HPS sampu yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeHPMC/HPS yekomboni sampu, nepo shear thinning degree yeHPMC mhinduro ndiyo yakaderera, kunyanya nekuti viscosity yeHPS. pazasi tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yeHPMC. Pamusoro pezvo, kune iyo HPMC/HPS musanganiswa mhinduro ine muyero wemukomboni mumwe chete, viscosity inowedzera neHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuti kuwedzera kwemapoka ehydroxypropyl mumamorekuru estarch kunotyora iyo intermolecular hydrogen bond uye nekudaro zvinotungamira mukuparara kwe starch granules. Hydroxypropylation yakaderedza zvakanyanya kuonda kweshear ye starch, uye kuonda kweshear kwe starch yemuno ndiyo yainyanya kuoneka. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl inotsiva dhigirii, iyo shear kuonda degree yeHPS yakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma.

Yese masampuli ane mhete dzethixotropic pane shear stress-shear rate curve, zvichiratidza kuti masampula ese ane imwe dhigirii yethixotropy. Simba rethixotropic rinomiririrwa nehukuru hwenzvimbo yemhete yethixotropic. Iyo yakawanda thixotropic muenzaniso ndeye [351]. Iyo inoyerera index n uye viscosity coefficient K yemuenzaniso mhinduro inogona kuverengerwa neOstwald-de Waele simba mutemo (ona equation (2-1)).

Tafura 5-1 Flow behaviour index (n) uye fluid consistency index (K) panguva yekuwedzera chiyero uye kuderera kwechiyero maitiro uye thixotropy loop nzvimbo yeHPS/HPMC mhinduro ine akasiyana hydropropyl substitution degree yeHPS pa25 °C.

Tafura 5-1 inoratidza inoyerera indekisi n, viscosity coefficient K uye thixotropic mhete nharaunda yeHPMC/HPS musanganiswa madhigirii ane akasiyana madhigirii ehydroxypropyl anotsiva HPS mukuita kwekuwedzera kuveura uye kudzikira kugera. Inogona kuonekwa kubva patafura kuti iyo inoyerera indekisi n yemasampuli ese isingasviki 1, zvichiratidza kuti ese emuenzaniso mhinduro ndeye pseudoplastic fluid. Kune iyo HPMC/HPS kompani system ine imwecheteyo HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, iyo inoyerera index n inowedzera nekuwedzera kweHPMC yemukati, zvichiratidza kuti kuwedzera kweHPMC kunoita kuti mhinduro yemukomboni iratidze yakasimba Newtonian fluid maitiro. Nekudaro, nekuwedzera kweHPMC yemukati, iyo viscosity coefficient K yakadzikira zvichienderera, zvichiratidza kuti kuwedzera kweHPMC kwakaderedza viscosity yemushonga wekomboni, nekuti iyo viscosity coefficient K yaive yakaenzana kune viscosity. Iyo n kukosha uye K kukosha kweHPS yakachena ine akasiyana hydroxypropyl substitution madhigirii mune inosimuka shear nhanho zvese zvakadzikira nekuwedzera kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree, zvichiratidza kuti hydroxypropylation modification inogona kuvandudza pseudoplasticity ye starch uye kuderedza Viscosity ye starch mhinduro. Kusiyana neizvi, kukosha kwen kunowedzera nekuwedzera kwechidimbu chekutsinhanisa mukuderera kweshear stage, zvichiratidza kuti hydroxypropylation inovandudza Newtonian fluid maitiro ekugadzirisa mushure mekuveura kwepamusoro. Iyo n kukosha uye K kukosha kweHPMC/HPS komputa system yakakanganiswa nezvose zviri zviviri HPS hydroxypropylation uye HPMC, izvo zvaive mhedzisiro yechiito chavo chakabatanidzwa. Zvichienzaniswa nekuwedzera kwekuveura nhanho, iyo n tsika dzeese masampuli muchikamu chekuveura chiri kudzikira dzakava hombe, nepo K tsika dzakava diki, zvichiratidza kuti viscosity yemushonga wekomboni yakaderedzwa mushure mekuveura kukuru, uye Newtonian fluid maitiro emushonga wekomboni akawedzerwa. .

Nzvimbo yemhete yethixotropic yakadzikira nekuwedzera kweHPMC, zvichiratidza kuti kuwedzera kweHPMC kwakaderedza thixotropy yemushonga wekomboni uye kwakavandudza kugadzikana kwayo. Kune iyo HPMC/HPS komputa mhinduro ine muyero wemusanganiswa wakafanana, nzvimbo yethixotropic mhete inodzikira nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, zvichiratidza kuti hydroxypropylation inovandudza kugadzikana kweHPS.

5.3.1.2 Kuveura nzira ine pre-kucheka uye matatu-nhanho thixotropic nzira

Nzira yekugera ine pre-shear yakashandiswa kudzidza shanduko yeviscosity yeHPMC/HPS komputa mhinduro ine madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution HPS ine shear rate. Migumisiro inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5-2. Inogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti mhinduro yeHPMC inoratidza kunenge kusina kuchekwa kweshear, nepo mamwe masampuli anoratidza kuveura kutetepa. Izvi zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro inowanikwa nenzira yekuveura pasina pre-kuveura. Iyo inogona zvakare kuvonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti pakaderera shear mitengo, iyo yakanyanya hydroxypropyl inotsiva sampuro inoratidza nzvimbo yebani.

Fig. 5-2 Viscosities vs. shear rate yeHPS/HPMC solution ine hydropropyl substitution degree yakasiyana yeHPS (ine pre-shearing)

Iyo zero-shear viscosity (h0), inoyerera index (n) uye viscosity coefficient (K) inowanikwa nekukodzera inoratidzwa muTafura 5-2. Kubva patafura, tinogona kuona kuti kune yakachena HPS samples, iyo n values ​​inowanikwa nenzira mbiri dzinowedzera nechiyero chekutsiva, zvichiratidza kuti maitiro akasimba-akafanana emushonga we starch anodzikira sezvo dhigirii rekutsiva rinowedzera. Nekuwedzera kweHPMC yemukati, iyo n tsika dzese dzakaratidza kudzikira, zvichiratidza kuti HPMC yakaderedza maitiro akasimba-akafanana emhinduro. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hunhu hwekuongorora mhedzisiro yenzira mbiri idzi dzinoenderana.

Kuenzanisa data yakawanikwa yemuenzaniso mumwechete pasi pemaitiro akasiyana ekuedza, zvinoonekwa kuti kukosha kwe n kunowanikwa mushure mekuveura kwekutanga kunogara kwakakura kupfuura iyo yakawanikwa nenzira isina pre-kuveura, izvo zvinoratidza kuti iyo composite system yakawanikwa nekare. -kuveura nzira yakasimba-yakafanana hunhu hwakaderera pane hwakayerwa nenzira isina pre-kuveura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mugumisiro wekupedzisira wakawanikwa muyedzo pasina pre-kuveura ndiwo chaiwo mhedzisiro yekubatanidzwa kwekuita kweshear rate uye kugera nguva, nepo nzira yekuyedza ine pre-shear inotanga kubvisa iyo thixotropic mhedzisiro nekuveura kukuru kweimwe nguva nguva. Naizvozvo, nzira iyi inogona kunyatsoona iyo shear kuonda chiitiko uye kuyerera maitiro eiyo kompani system.

Kubva patafura, tinogonawo kuona kuti kune imwechete yekubatanidza chiyero (5: 5), iyo n kukosha kwegadziriro yekubatanidza iri pedyo ne1, uye pre-sheared n inowedzera nedhigirii re hydroxypropyl substitution Inoratidza kuti HPMC chikamu chinoramba chiri muhutano hwehutano, uye HPMC ine simba rakasimba pane starch samples ine yakaderera hydroxypropyl substitution degree, iyo inopindirana nemugumisiro wekuti n kukosha kunowedzera nekuwedzera kwekutsiva dhigirii pasina pre-kuveura pane zvinopesana. Iko K tsika dzemakomponi masisitimu ane madhigirii akasiyana ekutsiviwa munzira mbiri dzakafanana, uye hapana kunyanya kujeka maitiro, nepo zero-shear viscosity inoratidza yakajeka kudzika maitiro, nekuti zero-shear viscosity yakazvimirira kubva kune shear. rate. Iyo intrinsic viscosity inogona kunyatso ratidza zvimiro zvechinhu pachacho.

Fig. 5-3 Three interval thixotropy of the HPS/HPMC blend solution ine hydropropyl substitution degree yakasiyana yeHPS

Iyo yechitatu-nhanho thixotropic nzira yakashandiswa kudzidza maitiro eakasiyana madhigirii ehydroxypropyl kutsiva hydroxypropyl starch pane thixotropic zvimiro zvekomboni system. Inogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 5-3 kuti mune yakaderera shear stage, mhinduro viscosity inoderera nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPMC, uye inoderera nekuwedzera kwekutsiva dhigirii, iyo inopindirana nemutemo we zero shear viscosity.

Chiyero chekugadziriswa kwemaitiro mushure menguva yakasiyana muchikamu chekudzorera chinoratidzwa ne-viscosity recovery rate DSR, uye nzira yekuverenga inoratidzwa mu2.3.2. Zvinogona kuoneka kubva Tafura 5-2 kuti mukati menguva imwechete yekudzoreredza, iyo DSR yeHPS yakachena yakaderera zvakanyanya pane iyo yakachena HPMC, iyo inonyanya nekuti iyo HPMC molecule iketani yakaoma, uye nguva yayo yekuzorora ipfupi, uye chimiro chinogona kudzoserwa munguva pfupi. recover. Nepo HPS iri ketani inochinjika, nguva yayo yekuzorora yakareba, uye kudzoreredza kwechimiro kunotora nguva yakareba. Nekuwedzera kwedhigirii rekutsinhanisa, iyo DSR yeHPS yakachena inoderera nekuwedzera kwedhigirii yekutsiva, zvichiratidza kuti hydroxypropylation inovandudza kuchinjika kwestarch molecular chain uye inoita nguva yekuzorora yeHPS yakareba. Iyo DSR yemushonga wekomboni yakaderera pane yeHPS yakachena uye yakachena HPMC samples, asi nekuwedzera kweiyo substitution degree yeHPS hydroxypropyl, iyo DSR yemukomboni sampu inowedzera, izvo zvinoratidza kuti thixotropy yekomboni system inowedzera neiyo kuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl inotsiva. Inodzikira nekuwedzera dhigirii rekutsiva radical, izvo zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro pasina pre-kuveura.

Tafura 5-2 Zero shear viscosity (h0), kuyerera kwemaitiro index (n), fluid consistency index (K) panguva yekuwedzera chiyero uye dhigirii rekudzoreredza chimiro (DSR) mushure meimwe nguva yekudzoreredza yeHPS/HPMC mhinduro ine hydropropyl yakasiyana. kutsiva dhigirii reHPS pa25 °C

Muchidimbu, bvunzo yakatsiga isina pre-kuveura uye iyo thixotropic ring thixotropy bvunzo inogona kunyatsoongorora masampuli ane misiyano mikuru yekuita, asi kune makomisheni ane akasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution madhigirii ane misiyano midiki yekuita Migumisiro yetsvakiridzo yemhinduro inopesana mhedzisiro chaiyo, nekuti iyo yakayerwa data ndiyo yakazara mhedzisiro yekufurira kweshear rate uye nguva yekuveura, uye haigone kunyatso kuratidza pesvedzero yechinhu chimwe chete.

5.3.2 Linear viscoelastic region

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kune mahydrogels, iyo modulus yekuchengetera G inotemerwa nekuoma, simba uye nhamba yeanoshanda maketani emamorekuru, uye kurasikirwa modulus G inotemwa nekutama, kufamba uye kukweshana kwemamorekuru madiki nemapoka anoshanda. . Inotemerwa nekukakavadzana kushandiswa kwesimba senge vibration uye kutenderera. Chiratidzo chekuvapo kwemharadzano yekuchengetera modulus G′ uye kurasikirwa modulus G″ (kureva. tan δ = 1). Shanduko kubva mumhinduro kuenda kujeri inonzi gel point. Iyo yekuchengetedza modulus G' uye yekurasikirwa modulus G ″ inowanzoshandiswa kudzidza maitiro egelation, chiyero chekugadzira uye zvimiro zveiyo gel network chimiro [352]. Ivo vanogona zvakare kuratidza iyo yemukati dhizaini kuvandudza uye mamorekuru chimiro panguva yekuumbwa kweiyo gel network chimiro. kudyidzana [353].

Mufananidzo 5-4 unoratidza strain sweep curves yeHPMC/HPS macompound solutions ane madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution HPS pane frequency ye1 Hz uye strain range ye0.01% -100%. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti munzvimbo yepasi deformation (0.01-1%), ese masampuli kunze kweHPMC ari G′> G″, anoratidza gel state. Kune HPMC, G' iri muchimiro chese. Mukuwedzera, iyo deformation kuvimba kwe viscoelasticity yemasampuli akasiyana akasiyana. Kune sampuli yeG80, kutsamira kwakawanda kwe viscoelasticity kuri pachena: kana deformation yakakura kupfuura 0.3%, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti G' inodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, ichiperekedzwa nekuwedzera kukuru muG”. kuwedzera, pamwe nekuwedzera kukuru kwe tan δ; uye pindirana kana iyo deformation chiyero chiri 1.7%, iyo inoratidza kuti gel network chimiro cheG80 chakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya mushure mekunge deformation yakawandisa inopfuura 1.7%, uye iri mukugadzirisa mamiriro.

Fig. 5-4 Storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) vs. strain for HPS/HPMC blends with different hydroypropyl substitution degree of HPS (The solid and hollow symbols present G′ and G″, zvichiteerana)

Fig. 5-5 tan δ vs. strain yeHPMC/HPS blend solution ine akasiyana hydropropyl substitution degree yeHPS

Zvinogona kuoneka kubva pamufananidzo kuti mutsara viscoelastic dunhu reyakachena HPS rakatetepa nekudzikira kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree. Nemamwe manzwi, sezvo HPS hydroxypropyl dhigirii rekutsiva rinowedzera, shanduko dzakakosha mutan δ curve dzinowanzo kuoneka muyepamusoro deformation huwandu huwandu. Kunyanya, iyo mutsara viscoelastic dunhu reG80 ndiyo yakamanikana pane ese masampuli. Naizvozvo, iyo mutsara viscoelastic dunhu reG80 rinoshandiswa kuona

Maitiro ekuona kukosha kweiyo deformation inoshanduka mune inotevera nhevedzano yebvunzo. Kune iyo HPMC/HPS yekomboni system ine muyero wemusanganiswa wakafanana, iyo linear viscoelastic dunhu zvakare inotetepa nekudzikira kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree yeHPS, asi kudzikira kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree pamutsara weviscoelastic dunhu hazvisi pachena.

5.3.3 Viscoelastic zvivakwa panguva yekudziya uye kutonhora

Iyo dynamic viscoelastic properties yeHPMC/HPS compound solutions yeHPS ine madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution inoratidzwa muFigure 5-6. Sezvinoonekwa kubva pamufananidzo, HPMC inoratidza nhanho ina panguva yekudziya maitiro: yekutanga nzvimbo yedanga, maviri ekugadzira-matanho ekugadzira, uye yekupedzisira nharaunda. Muchikamu chekutanga chemubani, G' <G″, hunhu hweG' naG″ hudiki, uye hunowanzodzikira zvishoma nekuwedzera kwetembiricha, zvichiratidza maitiro emvura akajairwa viscoelastic. Iyo inopisa gelation yeHPMC ine nhanho mbiri dzakasiyana dzekuumbwa kwechimiro chakasungwa nemharadzano yeG' uye G ″ (kureva, mhinduro-gel shanduko yenzvimbo, yakatenderedza 49 ° C), inoenderana nemishumo yapfuura. Zvinoenderana [160, 354]. Pakupisa kwepamusoro, nekuda kwekubatana kwehydrophobic uye hydrophilic association, HPMC zvishoma nezvishoma inoumba cross-network structure [344, 355, 356]. Munharaunda yedenda yemuswe, kukosha kweG' uye G ″ kwakakwira, izvo zvinoratidza kuti iyo HPMC gel network dhizaini yakaumbwa zvizere.

Aya matanho mana eHPMC anoonekwa akatevedzana munhevedzano kurongeka sezvo tembiricha inodzikira. Mharadzano yeG' neG″ inoshanduka ichienda kunzvimbo yekushisa yakaderera panenge 32 °C panguva yekutonhora, izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa nehysteresis [208] kana condensation mhedzisiro yecheni pakudziya kwakaderera [355]. Zvakafanana neHPMC, mamwe masampula panguva yekudziya maitiro Kune zvakare nhanho ina mukati, uye inodzoreredzwa chiitiko chinoitika panguva yekutonhora. Nekudaro, zvinogona kuoneka kubva pamufananidzo kuti G80 neA939 dzinoratidza maitiro akareruka asina mharadzano pakati peG' naG", uye iyo G80 curve haina kana kuoneka. Nzvimbo yepuratifomu kumashure.

Kune HPS yakachena, dhigirii yepamusoro yehydroxypropyl inotsiva inogona kushandura ese ekutanga uye ekupedzisira tembiricha yekugadzira gel, kunyanya tembiricha yekutanga, iri 61 ° C yeG80, A939, uye A1081, zvichiteerana. , 62 °C uye 54 °C. Pamusoro pezvo, kune masampuli eHPMC/HPS ane chiyero chakafanana chekubatanidza, sezvo dhigirii yekutsiva inowedzera, kukosha kweG' uye G″ zvese zvinodzikira, izvo zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yezvidzidzo zvekare [357, 358]. Sezvo dhigirii rekutsinhanisa richiwedzera, kugadzirwa kwegel kunova kupfava. Naizvozvo, iyo hydroxypropylation inotyora yakarongerwa chimiro chekuzvarwa starch uye inovandudza hydrophilicity yayo [343].

Kune iyo HPMC/HPS makomisheni samples, zvese G′ neG″ zvakadzikira nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, iyo yaienderana nemhedzisiro yeHPS yakachena. Zvakare, nekuwedzera kweHPMC, dhigirii rekutsiva rakave nemhedzisiro yakakosha paG' Mhedzisiro neG" inova shoma kutaurwa.

Iyo viscoelastic curves yeese HPMC/HPS composite samples yairatidza maitiro akafanana, ayo aienderana neHPS pakudziya kwakadzika uye HPMC pakupisa kwakanyanya. Mune mamwe mazwi, pakudziya kwakadzika, HPS inotonga viscoelastic zvimiro zveiyo yakasanganiswa system, nepo pakakwirira tembiricha HPMC inosarudza viscoelastic zvimiro zveyakasanganiswa system. Mhedzisiro iyi inonyanya kukonzerwa neHPMC. Kunyanya, HPS inotonhora gel, iyo inoshanduka kubva kune gel state kusvika kune imwe sarudzo kana inopisa; pane zvinopesana, HPMC inopisa gel, iyo zvishoma nezvishoma inoumba gel nekuwedzera tembiricha network chimiro. Kune iyo HPMC/HPS kompani system, pakadzika tembiricha, iyo gel zvivakwa zvekomboni system zvinonyanya kupihwa neHPS inotonhora gel, uye pakupisa kwakanyanya, pakudziya kwekudziya, gelation yeHPMC inotonga mucompound system.

Fig. 5-6 Storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″) uye tan δ vs. tembiricha yeHPS/HPMC blend solution neyakasiyana hydroypropyl substitution degree yeHPS

Iyo modulus yeHPMC/HPS composite system, sezvaitarisirwa, iri pakati peiyo moduli yeHPMC yakachena uye yakachena HPS. Uyezve, iyo yakaoma sisitimu inoratidza G'> G ″ mune yese tembiricha yekutarisa renji, izvo zvinoratidza kuti ese HPMC neHPS anogona kugadzira intermolecular hydrogen zvisungo nemamorekuru emvura, zvichiteerana, uye zvakare inogona kugadzira intermolecular hydrogen bond pamwe chete. Pamusoro pezvo, Pakurasikirwa kwezvinhu, masisitimu ese akaomarara ane tan δ peak paanenge 45 ° C, zvichiratidza kuti kuenderera kwechikamu shanduko yakaitika muhurongwa hwakaoma. Iyi shanduko yechikamu ichakurukurwa mune inotevera 5.3.6. enderera mberi nehurukuro.

5.3.4 Mhedzisiro yetembiricha pacompound viscosity

Kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yekushisa pane rheological properties yezvigadzirwa zvakakosha nekuda kwehuwandu hwekushisa hunogona kuitika panguva yekugadzirisa nekuchengetedza [359, 360]. Mukati me5 °C - 85 °C, mhedzisiro yetembiricha pane yakaoma viscosity yeHPMC/HPS komputa mhinduro dzine madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution HPS inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5-7. Kubva Mufananidzo 5-7 (a), zvinogona kuonekwa kuti iyo yakaoma viscosity yeHPS yakachena inoderera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwekushisa; iyo viscosity yeHPMC yakachena inoderera zvishoma kubva pakutanga kusvika 45 °C nekuwedzera kwekushisa. kunatsiridza.

Iyo viscosity curves yemasamples emakomponi airatidza maitiro akafanana netembiricha, yekutanga ichidzikira nekuwedzera tembiricha yobva yawedzera nekuwedzera tembiricha. Pamusoro pezvo, viscosity yemasampuli akasanganiswa iri padyo neiyo yeHPS patembiricha yakaderera uye padyo neiyo yeHPMC pakupisa kwakanyanya. Mhedzisiro iyi zvakare ine chekuita neakasarudzika gelation maitiro eese ari maviri HPMC neHPS. Iyo viscosity curve yemuenzaniso wakasanganiswa yakaratidza shanduko yekukurumidza pa45 ° C, pamwe nekuda kwechikamu chekuchinja muHPMC/HPS yakasanganiswa system. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti viscosity yeG80 / HPMC 5:5 sampu yekomboni pakupisa kwepamusoro yakakwirira kudarika yeHPMC yakachena, iyo inonyanya kukonzerwa nepamusoro-soro intrinsic viscosity yeG80 pakupisa kwepamusoro [361]. Pasi peyero yekubatanidza imwe chete, iyo compound viscosity yecompounding system inodzikira nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree. Naizvozvo, kuunzwa kwemapoka ehydroxypropyl kuita mamorekuru estarch kunogona kutungamira mukutyoka kwe intramolecular hydrogen bond mumamorekuru estarch.

Fig. 5-7 Complex viscosity vs. tembiricha yeHPS/HPMC inosanganiswa neyakasiyana hydroypropyl substitution degree yeHPS

Mhedzisiro yetembiricha pane yakaoma viscosity yeHPMC/HPS komputa system inoenderana nehukama hweArrhenius mukati meimwe tembiricha renji, uye iyo yakaoma viscosity ine exponential hukama nekushisa. Iyo Arrhenius equation ndeiyi inotevera:

Pakati pawo, η* iine viscosity yakaoma kunzwisisa, Pa s;

A inogara iripo, Pa s;

T ndiyo tembiricha yakakwana, K;

R ndiyo gasi rinogara riripo, 8.3144 J·mol–1 · K–1;

E ndiro simba rekuita, J·mol–1.

Yakagadzirirwa maererano neformula (5-3), iyo viscosity-temperature curve yekomboni system inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvinoenderana netan δ peak pa45 °C; iyo kompani system pa5 °C - 45 °C uye 45 °C - 85 ° Izvo zvakakosha zve activation simba E uye nguva dzose A inowanikwa nekukodzera muhuwandu hweC inoratidzwa muTafura 5-3. Nhamba dzakaverengerwa dzesimba rekuita E dziri pakati -174 kJ·mol-1 uye 124 kJ·mol-1, uye hutsika hwenguva dzose A huri pakati pe 6.24 × 10−11 Pa · s uye 1.99 × 1028 Pa · s. Mukati mehutano hwakakodzera, mafit coefficients akabatanidzwa akanga akakwirira (R2 = 0.9071 -0.9892) kunze kwemuenzaniso weG80 / HPMC. Iyo G80 / HPMC sampu ine yakaderera coefficient coefficient (R2 = 0.4435) mutembiricha ye45 °C - 85 °C, iyo inogona kunge iri nekuda kwekuoma kwakadzama kweG80 uye huremu hwayo hunokurumidza kuenzaniswa nedzimwe HPS Crystallization rate [ 362]. Ichi chivakwa cheG80 chinoita kuti zvive nyore kuumba asiri-homogeneous makomisheni kana asanganiswa neHPMC.

Mutembiricha ye5 °C - 45 °C, kukosha kweE kweHPMC/HPS composite sampu yakadzikira zvishoma pane yeHPS yakachena, inogona kunge iri nekuda kwekudyidzana pakati peHPS neHPMC. Deredza kutsamira kwekushisa kwe viscosity. Iko kukosha kweE yeHPMC yakachena yakakwirira kupfuura yemamwe masampuli. The activation simba for all starch-container samples dzaive dzakaderera zvakanaka, zvichiratidza kuti pakudzikira tembiricha, kuderera kwe viscosity ne tembiricha kwaive kushoma kutaurwa uye magadzirirwo airatidza sitachi-yakafanana manyorerwo.

Tafura 5-3 Arrhenius equation parameters (E: activation energy; A: constant; R 2 : determination coefficient) kubva kuEq.(1) yeHPS/HPMC inosanganiswa nemadhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropylation yeHPS.

Nekudaro, mutembiricha yepamusoro ye45 °C - 85 °C, kukosha kweE kwakachinja pakati peHPS yakachena neHPMC/HPS composite samples, uye kukosha kweE kweHPSs yakachena yaive 45.6 kJ·mol−1 - Muchikamu che . Shanduko iyi inoratidza simba rakasimba reHPMC pakuita simba reiyo yakaoma system, sezvo kukosha kweE kweHPMC yakachena iri -174 kJ mol-1. Iwo E values ​​eyakachena HPMC uye iyo yakasanganiswa sisitimu haina kunaka, izvo zvinoratidza kuti pakupisa kwepamusoro, viscosity inowedzera nekuwedzera tembiricha, uye iyo kompani inoratidza HPMC-yakaita semaitiro maitiro.

Mhedzisiro yeHPMC neHPS pane yakaoma viscosity yeHPMC/HPS makomisheni masisitimu patembiricha yepamusoro uye yakaderera tembiricha inopindirana neyakakurukurwa viscoelastic properties.

5.3.5 Dynamic mechanical properties

Figure 5-8 inoratidza kutsvaira kwakawanda pa5 °C yeHPMC/HPS komputa mhinduro dzeHPS dzine madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution. Zvinogona kuoneka kubva pamufananidzo kuti yakachena HPS inoratidza yakajairwa yakasimba-yakafanana maitiro (G′> G″), nepo HPMC iri yemvura-yakafanana maitiro (G′ <G″). Yese magadzirirwo eHPMC/HPS airatidza maitiro akasimba. Kune mazhinji emasample, ese G′ uye G ″ anowedzera nekuwedzera frequency, zvichiratidza kuti yakasimba-yakafanana maitiro echinhu chakasimba.

Yakachena HPMCs inoratidza yakajeka frequency kutsamira iyo yakaoma kuona mune yakachena HPS samples. Sezvaitarisirwa, iyo HPMC/HPS yakaoma sisitimu yakaratidza imwe dhigirii yekutsamira. Kune ese masampuli ane HPS, n′ inogara yakadzikira pane n″, uye G″ inoratidza kutsamira kwakasimba kupfuura G′, zvichiratidza kuti masampuli aya akareba kupfuura viscous [352, 359, 363]. Naizvozvo, kuita kwemasamples akasanganiswa anonyanya kutsanangurwa neHPS, zvinova zvakanyanya nekuti HPMC inopa yakaderera viscosity mhinduro mamiriro pakudziya kwakaderera.

Tafura 5-4 n′, n″, G0′ uye G0″ yeHPS/HPMC ine akasiyana hydropropyl substitution degree yeHPS pa5 °C sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa kubva kuEqs. (5-1) uye (5-2)

Fig. 5-8 Storage modulus (G′) uye loss modulus (G″) vs. frequency for HPS/HPMC blends with different hydroypropyl substitution degree of HPS at 5 °C

Yakachena HPMCs inoratidza yakajeka frequency kutsamira iyo yakaoma kuona mune yakachena HPS samples. Sezvinotarisirwa kune iyo HPMC / HPS yakaoma, iyo ligand system yakaratidza imwe dhigirii yekutsamira. Kune ese masampuli ane HPS, n′ inogara yakadzikira pane n″, uye G″ inoratidza kutsamira kwakasimba kupfuura G′, zvichiratidza kuti masampuli aya akareba kupfuura viscous [352, 359, 363]. Naizvozvo, kuita kwemasamples akasanganiswa anonyanya kutsanangurwa neHPS, zvinova zvakanyanya nekuti HPMC inopa yakaderera viscosity mhinduro mamiriro pakudziya kwakaderera.

Figure 5-9 inoratidza kutsvaira kwakawanda kweHPMC/HPS komputa mhinduro dzeHPS dzine madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution pa85°C. Sezvinoonekwa kubva pamufananidzo, mamwe ese masampuli eHPS kunze kweA1081 airatidza maitiro akasimba-akafanana. KuA1081, tsika dzeG' neG” dziri pedyo zvakanyanya, uye G' idiki zvishoma pane G”, izvo zvinoratidza kuti A1081 inoita semvura.

Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuti A1081 inotonhora gel uye inopinda gel-ku-solution shanduko pakupisa kwakanyanya. Nekune rumwe rutivi, kumasampuli ane chiyero chakafanana chekubatanidza, kukosha kwe n′, n″, G0′ uye G0″ (Table 5-5) zvese zvakadzikira nekuwedzera kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree, zvichiratidza kuti hydroxypropylation yakadzikira yakasimba- kufanana nemaitiro e starch pakupisa kwepamusoro (85°C). Kunyanya, iyo n′ uye n ″ yeG80 iri padyo ne0, inoratidza yakasimba yakasimba-yakafanana maitiro; zvakasiyana, iyo n′ uye n ″ tsika dzeA1081 dziri padyo ne1, ichiratidza hunhu hwakasimba hwemvura. Aya n' and n” values ​​anowirirana nedata reG' and G”. Mukuwedzera, sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuFigure 5-9, dhigirii re hydroxypropyl substitution rinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuwanda kweHPS pakupisa kwepamusoro.

Fig. 5-9 Storage modulus (G′) uye loss modulus (G″) vs. frequency for HPS/HPMC blends with different hydroypropyl substitution degree of HPS at 85 °C

Figure 5-9 inoratidza kuti HPMC inoratidzira yakajairwa-yakafanana hunhu (G′> G″) pa85 ° C, iyo inonyanya kuverengerwa kune yayo thermogel zvimiro. Mukuwedzera, iyo G' uye G ″ yeHPMC inosiyana ne frequency Kuwedzera hakuna kuchinja zvakanyanya, zvichiratidza kuti haina kujeka frequency kutsamira.

Kune iyo HPMC/HPS musanganiswa system, kukosha kwen′ uye n ″ zvese zviri padyo ne0, uye G0′ yakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura G0 (Table″ 5-5), ichisimbisa maitiro ayo akasimba-senge. Kune rimwe divi, yakakwira hydroxypropyl inotsiva inogona kushandura HPS kubva pakasimba-kunge kuita semvura-yakafanana maitiro, chiitiko chisingaitiki mumhinduro dzakasanganiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, yekomboni system yakawedzerwa neHPMC, nekuwedzera kwefrequency, zvese G' uye G ”yakaramba yakagadzikana, uye kukosha kwen' uye n" kwaive pedyo neiyo yeHPMC. Zvese izvi mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti HPMC inotonga viscoelasticity yeyakasanganiswa sisitimu pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe85 ° C.

Tafura 5-5 n′, n″, G0′ uye G0″ yeHPS/HPMC ine akasiyana hydropropyl kutsiviwa kweHPS pa85 °C sezvakatemwa kubva kuEqs. (5-1) uye (5-2)

5.3.6 Morphology yeHPMC/HPS composite system

Iyo chikamu shanduko yeHPMC/HPS kompani system yakadzidzwa neiyo iodine inosvibisa optical microscope. Iyo HPMC/HPS kompani system ine musanganiswa reshiyo ye5:5 yakaedzwa pa25 °C, 45 °C uye 85 °C. Mifananidzo yakasvibiswa yemicroscope pazasi inoratidzwa muMifananidzo 5-10. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti mushure mekudhayiwa neodine, chikamu cheHPS chinodhayiwa kuita rima, uye chikamu cheHPMC chinoratidza ruvara rwakareruka nekuti hachigone kudhayiwa neodine. Naizvozvo, zvikamu zviviri zveHPMC/HPS zvinogona kunyatsosiyaniswa. Pakupisa kwepamusoro, nzvimbo yenzvimbo dzakasviba (HPS phase) inowedzera uye nzvimbo yenzvimbo dzakajeka (HPMC phase) inoderera. Kunyanya, pa25 ° C, HPMC (ruvara rwakajeka) ndiyo inoenderera chikamu muHPMC/HPS composite system, uye diki spherical HPS phase (yakasviba ruvara) inoparadzirwa muHPMC inoenderera chikamu. Mukupesana, pa85 ° C, HPMC yakava diki uye isina kurongeka yakapararira chikamu chakaparadzirwa muHPS inoenderera chikamu.

Fig. 5-8 Morphologies yedhayi 1:1 HPMC/HPS inosanganiswa pa25 °C, 45 °C uye 85 °C

Nekuwedzera kwekushisa, panofanira kuva neshanduko yechikamu che morphology yechikamu chinoenderera kubva kuHPMC kuenda kuHPS muHPMC/HPS compound system. Mukufungidzira, zvinofanirwa kuitika kana viscosity yeHPMC neHPS yakafanana kana yakafanana. Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva ku45 ° C micrographs muFigure 5-10, iyo yakajairika "gungwa-chitsuwa" chikamu diagram haioneki, asi chikamu chinoenderera chinoonekwa. Ongororo iyi inosimbisawo chokwadi chekuti shanduko yechikamu chechikamu chinoenderera inogona kunge yakaitika pa tan δ peak mu dissipation factor-temperature curve inokurukurwa muna 5.3.3.

Zvinogonawo kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti pakupisa kwakadzika (25 °C), dzimwe nzvimbo dzerima HPS yakapararira chikamu chinoratidza imwe dhigirii yeruvara rwakajeka, zvinogona kunge zviri nekuti chikamu cheHPMC chiripo muchikamu cheHPS chimiro chechikamu chakapararira. pakati. Sezvineiwo, pakupisa kwepamusoro (85 ° C), mamwe madiki madiki madiki anogovaniswa muyakajeka-ruvara HPMC yakaparadzirwa chikamu, uye aya madiki madiki madiki ndiwo anoenderera chikamu HPS. Aya maonero anoratidza kuti imwe dhigirii yemesophase iripo muHPMC-HPS komputa system, zvichiratidzawo kuti HPMC ine kumwe kuenderana neHPS.

5.3.7 Schematic diagram ye phase transition yeHPMC/HPS compound system

Zvichienderana neiyo classical rheological maitiro epolymer mhinduro uye composite gel mapoinzi [216, 232] uye kuenzanisa neakaomesesa anokurukurwa mupepa, musimboti wekushandurwa kwemaitiro eHPMC/HPS complexes ane tembiricha inotsanangurwa, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. 5-11.

Fig. 5-11 Schematic zvimiro zve sol-gel shanduko yeHPMC (a); HPS (b); uye HPMC/HPS (c)

Maitiro egel eHPMC uye ayo ane hukama nemhinduro-gel shanduko yemaitiro akadzidzwa zvakanyanya [159, 160, 207, 208]. Imwe yeaya anogamuchirwa zvakanyanya ndeyekuti macheni eHPMC aripo mumhinduro nenzira yemasumbu akaunganidzwa. Aya masumbu akabatanidzwa nekuputira mamwe asina kutsiviwa kana mashoma soluble cellulose zvimiro, uye akabatana kune akatsiviwa matunhu nehydrophobic aggregation ye methyl mapoka uye hydroxyl mapoka. Pakudziya kwakadzika, mamorekuru emvura anoumba cage-like zvimiro kunze kwe methyl hydrophobic mapoka uye mvura shell zvimiro kunze kwema hydrophilic mapoka senge hydroxyl mapoka, kudzivirira HPMC kubva kugadzira interchain hydrogen zvisungo pakudziya kwakaderera. Sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera, HPMC inotora simba uye idzi keji yemvura uye zvimiro zvegomba remvura zvinoputswa, inova kinetics yemhinduro-gel shanduko. Kuputika kwekeji yemvura uye goko remvura rinofumura mapoka emethyl uye hydroxypropyl kunzvimbo ine mvura, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwevhoriyamu yemahara. Pakupisa kwepamusoro, nekuda kwekubatana kwehydrophobic yemapoka e-hydrophobic uye hydrophilic association yemapoka e-hydrophilic, matatu-dimensional network maitiro ejeri anozopedzisira aumbwa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5-11 (a).

Mushure me starch gelatinization, amylose inonyungudika kubva kune starch granules kuti iite mhango imwechete helical chimiro, iyo inoramba ichikuvara uye pakupedzisira inopa mamiriro ezvakangoitika coils. Iyi imwe-helix chimiro inoumba hydrophobic cavity mukati uye hydrophilic pamusoro pekunze. Ichi chimiro chakaoma che starch chinochipa nekugadzikana kuri nani [230-232]. Naizvozvo, HPS iripo muchimiro chekusiyana-siyana macoil ane mamwe akatambanudzwa zvikamu zvehelical mune aqueous mhinduro pakupisa kwakanyanya. Sezvo tembiricha inodzikira, zvisungo zvehydrogen pakati peHPS nemamorekuru emvura zvinotyoka uye mvura yakasungwa inorasika. Pakupedzisira, matatu-dimensional network inoumbwa nekuda kwekuumbwa kwehydrogen zvisungo pakati pemaketani emaketani, uye gel inoumbwa, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 5-11 (b).

Kazhinji, kana zvikamu zviviri zvine viscosity zvakasiyana zvakanyanya zvakasanganiswa, chikamu chepamusoro cheviscosity chinowanzoita chikamu chakapararira uye chinoparadzirwa muchikamu chinoramba chiripo chechikamu chezasi che viscosity. Pakudziya kwakadzika, viscosity yeHPMC yakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura yeHPS. Naizvozvo, HPMC inoumba nhanho inoenderera yakatenderedza yakakwirira-viscosity HPS gel chikamu. Kumucheto kwezvikamu zviviri izvi, mapoka ehydroxyl pamaketani eHPMC anorasikirwa nechikamu chemvura yakasungwa uye anoumba intermolecular hydrogen bond neHPS molecular cheni. Munguva yekudziya, iyo HPS mamorekuru maketani akafamba nekuda kwekutora simba rakakwana uye akagadzira hydrogen zvisungo nemamorekuru emvura, zvichikonzera kuputika kweiyo gel chimiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, chimiro chemvura-cheji uye chigadziro chemvura-shell pane cheni yeHPMC chakaparadzwa uye zvishoma nezvishoma chakaputika kuratidza mapoka e-hydrophilic uye hydrophobic clusters. Pakupisa kwepamusoro, HPMC inoumba gel network chimiro nekuda kwe intermolecular hydrogen bonds uye hydrophobic association, uye nokudaro inova yakakwirira-viscosity yakapararira chikamu chakaparadzirwa muHPS inoenderera mberi yezvikamu zvisinganzwisisiki, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5-11 (c). Naizvozvo, HPS uye HPMC yaitonga rheological properties, gel properties uye phase morphology yeanoumba gels pane yakaderera uye yakakwirira tembiricha, zvichiteerana.

Kuunzwa kwemapoka ehydroxypropyl kuita mamorekuru estarch kunotyora mukati mayo akarairwa intramolecular hydrogen bond structure, zvekuti gelatinized amylose molecules iri mukuzvimba uye yakatambanudzwa, izvo zvinowedzera hunoshanda hydration vhoriyamu yemamorekuru uye inhibit maitiro emamorekuru estarch kupindira zvisina tsarukano. mune aqueous solution [362]. Nokudaro, iyo yakawanda uye hydrophilic properties ye hydroxypropyl inoita kuti kusanganiswa kweamylose molecular chain uye kuumbwa kwematunhu akabatana akaoma [233]. Naizvozvo, nekudzikira kwetembiricha, kana ichienzaniswa neyakaomeswa starch, HPS inowanzoita yakasununguka uye yakapfava gel network chimiro.

Nekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree, kune zvakawanda zvakatambanudzwa zvimedu zvehelical mumhinduro yeHPS, iyo inogona kuumba mamwe intermolecular hydrogen bond neHPMC molecular chain pamuganhu wezvikamu zviviri izvi, zvichigadzira chimiro chakafanana. Mukuwedzera, hydroxypropylation inoderedza viscosity ye starch, iyo inoderedza viscosity musiyano pakati peHPMC neHPS mukugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, iyo chikamu chekushandura nzvimbo muHPMC/HPS yakaoma sisitimu inochinja kune yakaderera tembiricha nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree. Izvi zvinogona kusimbiswa nekushanduka kwakangoerekana kwaitika muviscosity nekushisa kwemasampuli akagadziriswa mu5.3.4.

5.4 Chitsauko Pfupiso

Muchitsauko chino, HPMC/HPS macompound solutions ane akasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees akagadzirwa, uye mhedzisiro yeHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree pane rheological properties uye gel properties yeHPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa gel compound system yakaongororwa ne rheometer. Chikamu chekugovera cheHPMC / HPS inotonhora uye inopisa gel composite system yakadzidzwa neiyo iodine inosvibisa optical microscope kuongororwa. Zvinonyanya kuwanikwa ndezvizvi:

1. Patembiricha yemumba, viscosity uye kuonda kweshear kweHPMC/HPS komputa mhinduro yakadzikira nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree. Izvi zvinonyanya nekuti kuiswa kweboka rehydroxypropyl mune starch molecule inoparadza intramolecular hydrogen bond structure uye inovandudza hydrophilicity ye starch.
2. Patembiricha yekamuri, zero-shear viscosity h0, kuyerera indekisi n, uye viscosity coefficient K yeHPMC/HPS kompani mhinduro inobatwa neese HPMC uye hydroxypropylation. Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPMC, zero shear viscosity h0 inoderera, inoyerera index n inowedzera, uye viscosity coefficient K inoderera; zero shear viscosity h0, flow index n uye viscosity coefficient K yeHPS yakachena yose inowedzera nehydroxyl Nekuwedzera kwechidimbu chepropyl substitution, inova duku; asi nokuda kwekomboni system, zero shear viscosity h0 inoderera nekuwedzera kwedhigirii yekutsiva, nepo kuyerera kwendekisi n uye viscosity inogara K ichiwedzera nekuwedzera kwedhigirii yekutsiva.
3. Nzira yekuveura ne pre-kuveura uye nhanho-nhatu thixotropy inogona kunyatso ratidza viscosity, kuyerera zvivakwa uye thixotropy yemushonga wekomboni.
4. Iyo linear viscoelastic dunhu reHPMC/HPS mukomboni system inotetepa nekudzikira kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree yeHPS.
5. Mune ino inotonhora-inopisa gel musanganiswa system, HPMC neHPS inogona kuumba inoenderera nhanho pakudzika uye yakakwirira tembiricha, zvichiteerana. Iyi shanduko yechimiro chechikamu inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya iyo yakaoma viscosity, viscoelastic zvivakwa, frequency kutsamira uye gel zvimiro zveiyo yakaoma gel.
6. Sezvikamu zvakapararira, HPMC neHPS inogona kuona rheological zvivakwa uye gel zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS makomisheni masisitimu pakupisa uye kwakaderera, zvichiteerana. Iyo viscoelastic curves yeHPMC/HPS composite samples yaienderana neHPS pakadzika tembiricha uye HPMC pakupisa kwakanyanya.
7. Iyo yakasiyana dhigirii yemakemikari shanduko ye starch chimiro zvakare yakave nemhedzisiro yakakosha pane gel zvinhu. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti yakaoma viscosity, kuchengetedza modulus, uye kurasikirwa modulus zvese zvinodzikira nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree. Naizvozvo, hydroxypropylation yekuzvarwa starch inogona kukanganisa chimiro chayo chakarairwa uye kuwedzera hydrophilicity ye starch, zvichikonzera kupfava kwegel.
8. Hydroxypropylation inogona kuderedza iyo yakasimba-yakafanana maitiro e starch mhinduro pane yakaderera tembiricha uye yemvura-yakafanana maitiro pakupisa kwakanyanya. Pakudziya kwakadzika, kukosha kwe n′ uye n″ kwakakura nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree; pakupisa kwepamusoro, n′ uye n″ tsika dzakava diki nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree.
9. Hukama huri pakati peiyo microstructure, rheological properties uye gel zvinhu zveHPMC/HPS composite system yakatangwa. Zvese zviri zviviri shanduko yekukurumidza muviscosity curve yeyakasanganiswa sisitimu uye tan δ peak mukurasika factor curve inoonekwa pa45 °C, inofambirana neinoenderera mberi chikamu chiitiko chakaonekwa mumicrograph (pa45 °C).

Muchidimbu, iyo HPMC/HPS inotonhora-inopisa gel composite system inoratidza yakakosha tembiricha-inodzorwa chikamu morphology uye zvivakwa. Kuburikidza neakasiyana makemikari ekugadzirisa starch uye cellulose, iyo HPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa gel komputa system inogona kushandiswa kusimudzira nekushandisa yakakwirira-yakakosha smart zvinhu.

Chitsauko 6 Mhedzisiro yeHPS Kutsiva Dhigirii paZvivakwa uye Sisitimu Kuenderana kweHPMC/HPS Inoumbwa Membranes

Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva muChitsauko 5 kuti kuchinja kwemakemikari ezvigadziro zvezvikamu muhutano hwekugadzirisa zvinogadzirisa mutsauko we rheological properties, gel properties uye mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzirisa. Kuitwa kwese kune simba rakakura.

Ichi chitsauko chinotarisa kupesvedzerwa kwechimiro chemakemikari yezvikamu pane microstructure uye macroscopic zvinhu zveHPMC/HPS inoumbwa membrane. Yakasanganiswa nepesvedzero yeChitsauko 5 pane rheological properties yecomposite system, iyo rheological properties yeHPMC/HPS composite system inotangwa- hukama pakati pezvinhu zvemufirimu.

6.1 Zvishandiso uye Zvishandiso

6.1.1 Zvinhu zvikuru zvekuedza

6.1.2 Zvishandiso nemidziyo mikuru

6.2 Nzira yekuedza

6.2.1 Gadziriro yeHPMC/HPS inoumbwa membranes ine akasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees

Huwandu hwehuwandu hwemushonga wekomboni i8% (w/w), iyo HPMC/HPS komputa reshiyo ndeye 10:0, 5:5, 0:10, plasticizer i2.4% (w/w) polyethylene glycol, Iyo inodyika. composite firimu reHPMC/HPS rakagadzirwa nenzira yekukanda. Nezve nzira yekugadzirira chaiyo, ona 3.2.1.

6.2.2 Microdomain chimiro cheHPMC/HPS inoumbwa membranes ine akasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees

6.2.2.1 Nheyo yekuongorora kwe microstructure ye synchrotron mwaranzi diki-angle X-ray kupararira

Diki Ngirozi X-ray Kuparadzira (SAXS) inoreva chiitiko chekuparadzira chinokonzerwa ne-X-ray danda rinoisa sampuli pasi pekuedzwa mukati mekona diki padyo ne X-ray danda. Kubva pane nanoscale electron density musiyano pakati pekuparadzira uye yepakati yakatenderedza, diki-angle X-ray yekuparadzira inowanzoshandiswa mukudzidza yakasimba, colloidal, uye liquid polymer zvinhu mu nanoscale range. Kuenzaniswa neyakakura-angle X-ray diffraction tekinoroji, SAXS inogona kuwana ruzivo rwechimiro pachiyero chakakura, chinogona kushandiswa kuongorora kuumbwa kwepolymer molecular cheni, zvimiro zvenguva refu, uye chimiro chechikamu uye kugoverwa kwechikamu chepolymer yakaoma masisitimu. . Synchrotron X-ray mwenje sosi imhando nyowani yemhando yepamusoro-inoshanda mwenje sosi, ine zvakanakira kuchena kwakanyanya, yakakwirira polarization, nhete pulse, kupenya kwepamusoro, uye yakakwirira kudhumhana, saka inogona kuwana iyo nanoscale structural ruzivo rwezvinhu nekukurumidza. uye nemazvo. Kuongorora iyo SAXS spectrum yechinhu chakayerwa inokwanisa kuwana kufanana kweelectron cloud density, kufanana kwechikamu chimwe chete electron cloud density (yakanaka kutsauka kubva kuPorod kana Debye's theorem), uye kujeka kwezvikamu zviviri-chikamu (negative kutsauka kubva kuPorod). kana Debye's theorem). ), kuparadzira kuzvifananidza (kunyangwe iine fractal maficha), kuparadzira kupararira (monodispersity kana polydispersity yakatemwa naGuinier) uye rumwe ruzivo, uye iyo inoparadzira fractal dimension, gyration radius, uye avhareji layer yeanodzokorora mayuniti anogona zvakare kuwanikwa quantitatively. Ukobvu, avhareji saizi, scatterer vhoriyamu chikamu, chaiyo nzvimbo uye mamwe ma parameter.

6.2.2.2 Nzira yekuedza

PaAustralia Synchrotron Radiation Center (Clayton, Victoria, Australia), iyo yepasirese yechizvarwa chechitatu synchrotron radiation source (flux 1013 photons/s, wavelength 1.47 Å) yakashandiswa kuona iyo micro-domain chimiro uye rumwe ruzivo rwakabatana rwemubatanidzwa. film. Iwo maviri-dimensional kuparadzira maitiro ebvunzo sampuli yakaunganidzwa nePilatus 1M detector (169 × 172 μm nzvimbo, 172 × 172 μm pixel saizi), uye sampu yakayerwa yaive muhuwandu hwe0.015 <q <0.15 Å−1 ( q ndiyo inoparadzira vector) Iyo yemukati-imwe-dimensional diki-angle X-ray yekuparadzira curve inowanikwa kubva kune maviri-dimensional yekuparadzira maitiro neScatterBrain software, uye iyo yekuparadzira vector q uye yekuparadzira kona 2 inoshandurwa neformula i / , iripi X-ray wavelength. Yese data yaive pre-yakajairwa isati yaongororwa data.

6.2.3 Thermogravimetric analysis yeHPMC/HPS composite membranes ine madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution

6.2.3.1 Nheyo yekuongorora thermogravimetric

Zvakafanana ne 3.2.5.1

6.2.3.2 Nzira yekuedza

Ona 3.2.5.2

6.2.4 Tensile zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS akaumbwa mafirimu ane madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution

6.2.4.1 Chisungo chekuongorora midziyo

Zvakafanana ne 3.2.6.1

6.2.4.2 Nzira yekuedza

Ona 3.2.6.2

Uchishandisa ISO37 yakajairwa, inochekwa kuita dumbbell-shaped splines, nehurefu hwakazara hwe35mm, chinhambwe pakati pemitsara yekumaka ye12mm, uye hupamhi hwe2mm. Yese sampuli dzebvunzo dzakaenzana pa75% humidity kweinopfuura 3 d.

6.2.5 Oxygen permeability yeHPMC/HPS composite membranes ine madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution

6.2.5.1 Nheyo yekuongorora kweokisijeni permeability

Zvakafanana ne 3.2.7.1

6.2.5.2 Nzira yekuedza

Ona 3.2.7.2

6.3 Mibairo uye Hurukuro

6.3.1 Crystal chimiro chekuongorora kweHPMC/HPS akaumbwa mafirimu ane madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution

Mufananidzo 6-1 unoratidza kona diki X-ray yekuparadzira spectra yeHPMC/HPS akaumbwa mafirimu ane madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti muchiyero chakakura che q > 0.3 Å (2θ > 40), mapeaks ehunhu ari pachena anooneka mumasamples ese membrane. Kubva paX-ray yekuparadzira maitiro eiyo pure chikamu firimu (Fig. 6-1a), yakachena HPMC ine yakasimba X-ray yekuparadzira maitiro peak pa 0.569 Å, zvichiratidza kuti HPMC ine X-ray yekuparadzira peak muhupamhi-kona. dunhu re7.70 (2θ > 50). Crystal maitiro epamusoro, zvichiratidza kuti HPMC ine imwe crystalline chimiro pano. Ose ari maviri akachena A939 uye A1081 starch firimu samples airatidza yakasarudzika X-ray yekuparadzira peak pa 0.397 Å, zvichiratidza kuti HPS ine crystalline hunhu hwepamusoro munzvimbo yakakura-ekona ye5.30, inoenderana neB-mhando yekristaro peak ye starch. Zvinogona kuoneka zvakajeka kubva pamufananidzo kuti A939 ine yakaderera hydroxypropyl inotsiva ine yakakura nzvimbo yepamusoro pane A1081 ine yakakwirira kutsiva. Izvi zvinonyanya nekuti kuunzwa kweboka re hydroxypropyl mu starch molecular chain kutyora iyo yekutanga yakarongerwa chimiro che starch mamorekuru, kunowedzera kuoma kwekugadzirisazve uye kuyambuka-kubatanidza pakati pe starch molecular cheni, uye kunoderedza dhigirii recrystallization. Nekuwedzera kwekutsiva dhigirii reboka rehydroxypropyl, iyo inhibitory mhedzisiro yeboka rehydroxypropyl pane starch recrystallization iri pachena.

Inogona kuonekwa kubva kudiki-angle X-ray yekuparadzira spectra yecomposite samples (Fig. 6-1b) kuti HPMC-HPS composite mafirimu ose airatidza pachena maitiro epamusoro pa 0.569 Å uye 0.397 Å, inoenderana ne7.70 HPMC crystal crystal hunhu hwepamusoro, zvichiteerana. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yeHPS crystallization yeHPMC/A939 composite firimu yakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yeHPMC/A1081 composite firimu. Kugadziriswazve kunodzvinyirirwa, izvo zvinoenderana nekusiyana kweiyo HPS crystallization peak nzvimbo ine dhigirii re hydroxypropyl kutsiva mune akachena chikamu mafirimu. Iyo crystalline peak nzvimbo inoenderana neHPMC pa7.70 kune iyo composite membranes ine madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution haina kuchinja zvakanyanya. Zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvakachena (Fig. 5-1a), nzvimbo dzeHPMC crystallization peaks uye HPS crystallization peaks yemasampuli akaumbwa yakaderera, iyo yakaratidza kuti kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwezviviri, zvose HPMC neHPS zvinogona kushanda kune. rimwe boka. Iyo recrystallization phenomenon yeiyo firimu yekuparadzanisa zvinhu inoita imwe inhibitory basa.

Fig. 6-1 SAXS spectra yeHPMC/HPS inosanganisa mafirimu ane akasiyana hydroxypropyl substitution degree yeHPS

Mukupedzisa, kuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree uye kusanganiswa kwezvikamu zviviri zvinogona kudzivisa recrystallization phenomenon yeHPMC / HPS composite membrane kune imwe nhanho. Kuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree yeHPS yakanyanya kuvharidzira kudzoreredzwa kweHPS mune inoumbwa membrane, nepo maviri-echikamu komisheni yakaita imwe inhibitory basa mukudzoreredza kweHPS uye HPMC mune inoumbwa membrane.

6.3.2 Self-similar fractal structure analysis of HPMC/HPS composite membranes ine HPS hydroxypropyl substitution madhigirii akasiyana

Avhareji yechain chain kureba (R) yemapolysaccharide mamorekuru akadai sestarch molecules uye cellulose molecules iri muchikamu che1000-1500 nm, uye q iri muchikamu che0.01-0.1 Å-1, ine qR >> 1. Maererano ne Porod formula, iyo polysaccharide firimu samples inogona kuonekwa Hukama huri pakati pediki-angle X-ray yekuparadzira kusimba uye kona yekuparadzira ndeiyi:

Pakati peizvi, I(q) ndiri diki-angle X-ray yekuparadzira simba;

q ndiyo kona yekuparadzira;

α ndiyo nzvimbo yePorodhi.

Iyo Porod slope α ine hukama neiyo fractal chimiro. Kana α <3, inoratidza kuti chimiro chezvinyorwa chinenge chakasununguka, pamusoro pechiparadziri chakatsetseka, uye iine mass fractal, uye chidimbu chayo chinoputika D = α; kana 3 <α <4, inoratidza kuti chimiro chechinhu chakaoma uye chiparadzi chiri pamusoro chakaoma, icho chiri chepamusoro fractal, uye chidimbu chayo chinoputika D = 6 - α.

Mufananidzo 6-2 unoratidza lnI (q) -lnq zvirongwa zveHPMC/HPS composite membranes ane madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti sampuli dzese dzinopa chimiro chakafanana chakafanana mukati meimwe nzvimbo, uye Porod slope α iri pasi pe3, zvichiratidza kuti firimu rinoumbwa rinopa hukuru fractal, uye pamusoro pefirimu inoumbwa ine zvishoma. smooth. Huremu hwehupamhi hwehupamhi hweHPMC/HPS inoumbwa membranes ine akasiyana madhigirii eHPS hydroxypropyl inotsiva inoratidzwa muTafura 6-1.

Tafura 6-1 inoratidza fractal dimension yeHPMC/HPS composite membranes ine madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva patafura kuti kune yakachena HPS samples, iyo fractal dimension yeA939 inotsiviwa nelow hydroxypropyl yakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura iyo A1081 inotsiviwa nehigh hydroxypropyl, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nekuwedzera kwedhigirii rehydroxypropyl substitution, mu membrane. Kuwanda kwechimiro chekuzvimiririra kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuunzwa kwemapoka e-hydroxypropyl pane starch molecular chain inotadzisa zvakanyanya kubatana kwezvikamu zveHPS, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuremu hwekuzvimiririra mufirimu. Mapoka eHydrophilic hydroxypropyl anogona kuumba intermolecular hydrogen bonds nemamorekuru emvura, kuderedza kupindirana pakati pezvikamu zvema molecular; Mapoka makuru ehydroxypropyl anodzikamisa kudzokorodza uye kuyambuka-kubatanidza pakati pe starch molecular segment, saka nekuwedzera kwedhigirii rehydroxypropyl substitution, HPS inoumba imwe yakasununguka yakangofanana chimiro.

Kune iyo HPMC/A939 kompani system, iyo fractal dimension yeHPS yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeHPMC, imhaka yekuti starch inodzokorodza, uye yakarongedzerwa chimiro chinoumbwa pakati pecheni dzemamorekuru, izvo zvinotungamira kune yakangofanana chimiro mu membrane. . High density. The fractal dimension yecompound sampuli yakaderera pane iyo yezvikamu zviviri zvakachena, nokuti kuburikidza nekubatanidza, kusungirirwa kwezvikamu zvema molecular ezvikamu zviviri kunodziviswa kune mumwe nemumwe, zvichiita kuti kuwanda kwezvivakwa zvakafanana kunoderera. Kusiyana neizvi, muHPMC/A1081 kompani system, fractal dimension yeHPS yakadzikira pane yeHPMC. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuunzwa kwemapoka e-hydroxypropyl mumamorekuru e starch anodzivirira zvakanyanya kudzoreredzwa kwe starch. Iyo yekuzvimiririra yakafanana muhuni inowedzera-yakasununguka. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo fractal dimension yeHPMC/A1081 komputa sampu yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeHPS yakachena, iyo yakasiyana zvakanyanya neHPMC/A939 kompani system. Kuzvimiririra kwakafanana chimiro, ketani-senge HPMC mamorekuru anogona kupinda mugomba reiyo yakasununguka chimiro, nekudaro achivandudza density yeyako-yakafanana chimiro cheHPS, iyo inoratidza zvakare kuti HPS ine yakakwirira hydroxypropyl inotsiva inogona kuumba imwe yunifomu yakaoma mushure mekusanganiswa. pamwe neHPMC. ingredients. Kubva pane data ye rheological properties, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti hydroxypropylation inogona kuderedza viscosity ye starch, saka panguva yekubatanidza, mutsauko we viscosity pakati pezvikamu zviviri muhutano hwekugadzirisa unoderedzwa, izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira pakuumbwa kwehomogeneous. compound.

Fig. 6-2 lnI(q)-lnq mapatani uye macurves ayo akakodzera eHPMC/HPS anosanganisa mafirimu ane akasiyana hydroxypropyl substitution degree yeHPS

Tafura 6-1 Fractal chimiro paramita yeHPS/HPMC inosanganisa mafirimu ane akasiyana hydroxypropyl substitution degree yeHPS.

Kune mamembrane akaumbwa ane chiyero chakafanana chekubatanidza, iyo fractal dimension inodzikirawo nekuwedzera kwekutsiva dhigirii reboka rehydroxypropyl. Kuunzwa kwehydroxypropyl muHPS molecule kunogona kuderedza kuwirirana kwezvikamu zvepolymer mukomboni system, nekudaro kuderedza kuwanda kweiyo composite membrane; HPS ine yakakwira hydroxypropyl inotsiva ine zvirinani kuenderana neHPMC, Zviri nyore kuumba yunifomu uye dense komboni. Naizvozvo, kuwanda kwechimiro chakafanana muchikamu chemusanganiswa chinodzikira nekuwedzera kwekutsiva dhigirii reHPS, inova mhedzisiro yekubatana kweiyo substitution degree yeHPS hydroxypropyl uye kuenderana kwezvikamu zviviri zviri mumubatanidzwa. system.

6.3.3 Thermal kugadzikana ongororo yeHPMC/HPS akaumbwa mafirimu ane akasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees

Thermogravimetric analyzer yakashandiswa kuyedza kugadzikana kwekupisa kweHPMC/HPS edible composite mafirimu ane madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution. Mufananidzo 6-3 unoratidza thermogravimetric curve (TGA) uye uremu hwayo hwekurasikirwa kwehuremu (DTG) yemafirimu akaumbwa ane madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl anotsiva HPS. Inogona kuonekwa kubva kuTGA curve muFigure 6-3 (a) kuti iyo composite membrane samples ine akasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees. Pane maviri ari pachena thermogravimetric shanduko matanho nekuwedzera kwekushisa. Chekutanga, pane danho diki rekurasikirwa nehuremu pa30 ~ 180 ° C, iro rinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuputika kwemvura yakashambadzirwa nepolysaccharide macromolecule. Pane chikamu chikuru chekurasikirwa nehuremu pa 300 ~ 450 ° C, inova chikamu chaicho chekupisa kupisa, kunyanya kukonzerwa nekupisa kwekupisa kweHPMC neHPS. Zvinogonawo kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti huremu hwehuremu hweHPS hune madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution akafanana uye akasiyana zvakanyanya neaya eHPMC. Pakati pemhando mbiri dzekurasikirwa kwehuremu HPMC yakachena uye yakachena HPS samples.

Kubva paDTG curves muFigure 6-3(b), zvinogona kuoneka kuti tembiricha yekushatisa yeHPS yakachena ine madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution ari padyo, uye kupisa kwekupisa kwepamusoro tembiricha yeA939 neA081 samples i310 °C. uye 305 °C, zvichiteerana Iyo tembiricha yekupisa yekupisa kweiyo yakachena HPMC sampu yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yeHPS, uye tembiricha yayo yepamusoro i365 °C; HPMC/HPS composite firimu ine mbiri yekupisa kwepamusoro peiyo DTG curve, inoenderana nekudzikira kwekupisa kweHPS neHPMC, zvichiteerana. Hunhu hwepamusoro, hunoratidza kuti kune imwe nhanho yekuparadzaniswa kwechikamu mumubatanidzwa system ine mubatanidzwa reshiyo ye5:5, inofambirana nemhedzisiro yekushatiswa kwekupisa kwefirimu remubatanidzwa rine reshiyo inoumbwa ye5:5 muChitsauko 3. . The thermal degradation peak tembiricha yeHPMC/A939 composite film samples yaive 302 °C uye 363 °C, zvichiteerana; kupisa kwekupisa kwepamusoro tembiricha yeHPMC/A1081 composite film samples yaive 306 °C uye 363 °C, zvichiteerana. Kupisa kwepamusoro kwezvikamu zvemafirimu akasanganiswa akachinjwa kusvika kune yakaderera tembiricha pane yakachena chikamu sampuli, iyo yakaratidza kuti kugadzikana kwekupisa kweiyo composite samples kwakaderedzwa. Kune sampuli dzine muyero wemusanganiswa wakafanana, tembiricha yekupisa yekupisa yakadzikira nekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree, zvichiratidza kuti kugadzikana kwekupisa kwefirimu rinoumbwa kwakadzikira nekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuunzwa kwemapoka e-hydroxypropyl mumamorekuru e starch kunoderedza kudyidzana pakati pezvikamu zvemamorekuru uye kunovharisa kurongekazve kwakarongeka kwemamorekuru. Izvo zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro iyo kuwanda kwezvimiro zvakangofanana zvinodzikira nekuwedzera kweiyo dhigirii yehydroxypropyl inotsiva.

Fig. 6-3 TGA curves (a) uye zvinobva kwavari (DTG) curves (b) yeHPMC/HPS blend films with different hydroxypropyl substitution degree of HPS

6.3.4 Mechanical properties wongororo yeHPMC/HPS composite membranes ine HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree dzakasiyana

Fig. 6-5 Tensile zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS mafirimu ane akasiyana hydroxypropyl substitution degree yeHPS

Iyo tensile zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS akaumbwa mafirimu ane akasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution madhigirii akaedzwa nemuchina pfuma analyzer pa25 °C uye 75% hunyoro hunoenderana. Mifananidzo 6-5 inoratidza elastic modulus (a), kureba panguva yekuzorora (b) uye kusimba kwesimba (c) kwemafirimu akaumbwa ane madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl inotsiva. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo wekuti HPMC/A1081 compound system, nekuwedzera kweHPS content, elastic modulus uye tensile simba recomposite firimu zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaderera, uye kureba panguva yekuzorora kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, izvo zvaienderana ne3.3. 5 hunyoro hwepakati nepamusoro. Mhedzisiro yemambure emubatanidzwa ane mareshiyo akasiyana emusanganiswa aive anoenderana.

Kune yakachena HPS membranes, ese ari maviri elastic modulus uye tensile simba akawedzera nekuderera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, zvichiratidza kuti hydroxypropylation inoderedza kuoma kweiyo composite membrane uye inovandudza kushanduka kwayo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti nekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree, iyo hydrophilicity yeHPS inowedzera, uye membrane chimiro chinova chakasununguka, izvo zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuti fractal dimension inodzikira nekuwedzera kwekutsiva dhigirii mudiki angle X- ray kuparadzira bvunzo. Nekudaro, kureba panguva yekuzorora kunodzikira nekudzikira kweiyo dhigirii yekutsiva yeHPS hydroxypropyl boka, zvinonyanya nekuti kuiswa kweboka rehydroxypropyl musheche molecule kunogona kutadzisa kudzokororwa kwe starch. Migumisiro inopindirana nekuwedzera uye kuderera.

Kune iyo HPMC/HPS inoumbwa membrane ine muyero wemukomboni mumwechete, elastic modulus ye membrane material inowedzera nekudzikira kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, uye kusimba nekurebesa panguva yekuzorora zvese zvinodzikira nekudzikira kwedhigirii rekutsiva. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti ma mechanic properties yecomposite membranes anosiyana zvachose neiyo compoting ratio ine madhigirii akasiyana eHPS hydroxypropyl substitution. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti ma mechanic properties yecomposite membrane haisi kungokanganiswa neHPS substitution degree pane membrane chimiro, asiwo nekuenderana pakati pezvikamu zviri mucompound system. Iyo viscosity yeHPS inodzikira nekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree, zviri nani kuumba musanganiswa weunifomu nekubatanidza.

6.3.5 Oxygen permeability analysis yeHPMC/HPS composite membranes ine HPS hydroxypropyl substitution madhigirii akasiyana

Oxidation inokonzerwa neokisijeni ndiyo nhanho yekutanga munzira dzakawanda dzekukonzera kuparara kwechikafu, saka anodyiwa akaumbwa mafirimu ane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zveokisijeni zvinogona kuvandudza kunaka kwekudya uye kurebesa hupenyu hwesherufu yekudya [108, 364]. Nokudaro, mazinga ekufambisa okisijeni eHPMC / HPS akaumbwa membranes ane akasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees akayerwa, uye mhedzisiro inoratidzwa muFigure 5-6. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti iyo oksijeni permeability yeese yakachena HPS membranes yakadzikira zvakanyanya pane iyo yakachena HPMC membranes, zvichiratidza kuti HPS membranes ine zvirinani zvipingamupinyi zveokisijeni kupfuura HPMC membranes, inowirirana nemhedzisiro yapfuura. Kune yakachena HPS membranes ine madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution, mwero wekutapurirana okisijeni unowedzera nekuwedzera kwedhigirii rekutsinhanisa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo iyo okisijeni inopinda mu membrane zvinhu inowedzera. Izvi zvinopindirana nekuongorora kwe microstructure yekona duku X-ray inopararira kuti chimiro chemembrane chinova chakasununguka nekuwedzera kwedhigirii re hydroxypropyl substitution, saka nzira yepermeation yeokisijeni mu membrane inova yakakura, uye okisijeni mu membrane. inopinda Sezvo nzvimbo ichiwedzera, mwero wekufambiswa kweokisijeni unowedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma.

Fig. 6-6 Oxygen permeability yemafirimu eHPS/HPMC ane akasiyana hydroxypropyl substitution degree yeHPS

Kune akaumbwa membranes ane akasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution madhigirii, mwero wekufambiswa kweokisijeni unodzikira nekuwedzera kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti mu5: 5 yekubatanidza system, HPS iripo muchimiro cheyakapararira chikamu mune yakaderera-viscosity HPMC inoenderera chikamu, uye viscosity yeHPS inoderera nekuwedzera kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree. Iyo idiki iyo viscosity mutsauko, iyo inonyanya kubatsira pakuumbwa kwehomogeneous komputa, iyo inonyanya tortuous iyo okisijeni yepermeation chiteshi mu membrane zvinhu, uye diki chiyero chekufambisa okisijeni.

6.4 Chitsauko Pfupiso

Muchitsauko chino, HPMC/HPS edible composite films dzakagadzirirwa nekukandira HPS neHPMC ine madhigirii akasiyana ehydroxypropyl substitution, uye kuwedzera polyethylene glycol sepurasitiki. Mhedzisiro yeakasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution madhigirii pakristaro chimiro uye microdomain chimiro chemusanganiswa membrane yakadzidzwa nesynchrotron radiation diki-angle X-ray yekuparadzira tekinoroji. Mhedzisiro yeakasiyana HPS hydroxypropyl substitution madhigirii pakudzikama kwekupisa, mechanical properties uye oxygen permeability yecomposite membranes uye mitemo yavo yakaongororwa ne thermogravimetric analyzer, mechanical property tester uye oxygen permeability tester. Zvinonyanya kuwanikwa ndezvizvi:

1. Kune iyo HPMC / HPS inoumbwa membrane ine imwechete composite ratio, nekuwedzera kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree, iyo crystallization peak nzvimbo inoenderana neHPS pa5.30 inoderera, nepo crystallization peak nzvimbo inoenderana neHPMC pa7.70 haichinji zvakanyanya, zvichiratidza kuti iyo hydroxypropylation ye starch inogona kuvharidzira recrystallization ye starch mucomposite film.
2. Kuenzaniswa neiyo yakachena chikamu membranes yeHPMC neHPS, iyo crystallization peak nzvimbo dzeHPS (5.30) uye HPMC (7.70) yeakaumbwa membranes inoderedzwa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwezviviri, zvese HPMC neHPS zvinogona kushanda mu iyo composite membranes. Iyo recrystallization yechimwe chikamu inotamba imwe inhibitory basa.
3. Yese HPMC/HPS inoumbwa membranes yakaratidza yakangofanana mikuru fractal chimiro. Kune mamembrane akaumbwa ane chiyero chakafanana chemukomboni, kuwanda kweiyo membrane zvinhu kwakadzikira zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree; yakaderera HPS hydroxypropyl substitution Kuwanda kweiyo composite membrane material yakadzikira zvakanyanya pane iya yezvikamu zviviri-zvakachena zvemukati, ukuwo kuwanda kweiyo composite membrane material ine yakakwira HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree yakakwira kupfuura yeyakachena HPS membrane, inova. kunyanya nekuti kuwanda kweiyo composite membrane zvinhu zvinokanganiswa panguva imwe chete. Mhedzisiro yeHPS hydroxypropylation pakuderedzwa kwepolymer segment inosunga uye kuenderana pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvekomboni system.
4. Hydroxypropylation yeHPS inogona kuderedza kugadzikana kwekupisa kweHPMC/HPS inoumbwa mafirimu, uye kupisa kwekupisa kwepamusoro tembiricha yemafirimu akaumbwa kunochinja kuenda kunzvimbo yakadzika tembiricha nekuwedzera kwehydroxypropyl substitution degree, imhaka yekuti boka rehydroxypropyl mumamorekuru estarch. Nhanganyaya inoderedza kudyidzana pakati pezvikamu zvemamorekuru uye inodzivisa kurongekazve kwakarongeka kwemamorekuru.
5. Iyo elastic modulus uye kusimba kwekusimba kweyakachena HPS membrane yakadzikira nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, ukuwo kureba panguva yekuzorora kwakawedzera. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti iyo hydroxypropylation inhibits recrystallization ye starch uye inoita iyo composite firimu iite yakasununguka chimiro.
6. Iyo elastic modulus yeHPMC/HPS composite firimu yakadzikira nekuwedzera kweHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, asi kusimba kwesimba uye kureba panguva yekuzorora kwakawedzera, nekuti michina yemhando yefirimu inoumbwa haina kukanganiswa neHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree. Mukuwedzera kune pesvedzero ye, inokanganisawo nekuenderana kwezvikamu zviviri zvekomboni system.
7. Iyo okisijeni permeability yeHPS yakachena inowedzera nekuwedzera kwe hydroxypropyl substitution degree, nokuti hydroxypropylation inoderedza kuwanda kweHPS amorphous region uye inowedzera nzvimbo ye okisijeni mukati me membrane; HPMC/HPS composite membrane The oxygen permeability inodzikira nekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree, zvinonyanya nekuti hyperhydroxypropylated HPS ine zvirinani kuenderana neHPMC, izvo zvinotungamira kukuwedzera tortuosity yeokisijeni permeation chiteshi mune inoumbwa membrane. Yakaderedzwa oksijeni permeability.

Migumisiro yekuedza iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti macroscopic zvinhu zvakadai semagetsi emagetsi, kugadzikana kwekupisa uye kupera kweokisijeni yeHPMC / HPS inosanganiswa membranes yakanyatsoenderana nemukati mekristalline chimiro uye amorphous dunhu chimiro, iyo isingangogadziriswi neHPS hydroxypropyl substitution, asi. zvakare neiyo yakaoma. Kufurira kwezviviri-zvikamu kuenderana kwe ligand system.

Mhedziso uye Outlook

1. Mhedziso

Mupepa iri, iyo inopisa gel HPMC uye inotonhora gel HPS inosanganiswa, uye iyo HPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa reverse gel compound system inogadzirwa. Mushonga wekugadzirisa, kusanganisa chiyero uye kugera mhedzisiro pane iyo komputa system inodzidzwa zvakarongeka pesvedzero yerheological properties senge viscosity, flow index uye thixotropy, yakasanganiswa neiyo mechanical properties, dynamic thermomechanical properties, oxygen permeability, light transmission properties uye thermal stability. composite mafirimu akagadzirwa nenzira yekukanda. Yakakwana zvivakwa, uye iodine waini inodhaya kuenderana, nhanho yekuchinja uye chikamu morphology yecomposite system yakadzidzwa neiyo optical microscopy, uye hukama pakati peiyo microstructure uye macroscopic zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS zvakavambwa. Kuti udzore zvinhu zvemakompositi nekudzora chimiro chechikamu uye kuenderana kweHPMC/HPS composite system zvinoenderana nehukama pakati pemacroscopic properties uye micromorphological structure yeHPMC/HPS composite system. Nekudzidza mhedzisiro yekemikari yakagadziridzwa HPS ine madhigirii akasiyana pane rheological properties, gel properties, microstructure uye macroscopic properties ye membranes, hukama huri pakati pe microstructure uye macroscopic ehupfumi hweHPMC / HPS inotonhora uye inopisa inverse gel system yakaongororwa zvakare. Ukama huri pakati pezviviri, uye chimiro chemuviri chakagadzwa kuti chijekese nzira yegelation uye iyo inofurira zvinhu uye mitemo yekutonhora uye inopisa gel mukomboni system. Zvidzidzo zvakakodzera zvakatora mhedziso dzinotevera.

1. Kuchinja muyero wekubatanidza weHPMC/HPS komputa system kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya rheological zvivakwa senge viscosity, fluidity uye thixotropy yeHPMC pakadzika tembiricha. Hukama huri pakati peiyo rheological properties uye microstructure yecompound system yakawedzera kudzidzwa. Migumisiro chaiyo ndeyotevera:

(1) Pakupisa kwakadzika, iyo kompani system inoramba ichienderera-yakapararira chikamu "sea-chitsuwa" chimiro, uye inoenderera chikamu shanduko inoitika pa4: 6 nekuderera kweiyo HPMC / HPS komputa ratio. Kana iyo yekubatanidza reshiyo yakakwira (yakawanda HPMC yemukati), HPMC ine yakaderera viscosity ndiyo inoenderera chikamu, uye HPS ndiyo yakapararira chikamu. Kune HPMC / HPS component system, apo iyo yakaderera-viscosity chikamu chikamu chinoenderera uye chepamusoro-viscosity chikamu chikamu chinoenderera, mupiro weiyo inoenderera chikamu viscosity kune viscosity yekomboni system yakasiyana zvakanyanya. Kana iyo yakaderera-viscosity HPMC ndiyo inoenderera mberi, iyo viscosity yekomboni system inonyanya kuratidza mupiro wekuenderera-chikamu viscosity; apo iyo yakakwirira-viscosity HPS ndiyo inoenderera mberi, iyo HPMC sechikamu chakapararira ichaderedza viscosity yepamusoro-viscosity HPS. effect. Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweHPS uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa mukomboni system, iyo viscosity uye shear kuonda chiitiko chekomboni system zvishoma nezvishoma yakawedzera, iyo fluidity yakadzikira, uye maitiro akasimba-akafanana emukomboni system akawedzera. Iyo viscosity uye thixotropy yeHPMC yakaenzana nekuumbwa neHPS.

(2) Ye5: 5 yekubatanidza system, HPMC neHPS inogona kuumba inoenderera nhanho pakudziya kwakadzika uye kwakanyanya, zvichiteerana. Iyi shanduko yechimiro chechikamu inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya iyo yakaoma viscosity, viscoelastic zvivakwa, frequency kutsamira uye gel zvimiro zveiyo yakaoma gel. Sezvikamu zvakapararira, HPMC neHPS inogona kuona rheological zvivakwa uye gel zvimiro zveHPMC/HPS makomisheni masisitimu pakupisa uye kwakaderera, zvichiteerana. Iyo viscoelastic curves yeHPMC/HPS composite samples yaienderana neHPS pakadzika tembiricha uye HPMC pakupisa kwakanyanya.

(3) Hukama pakati peiyo microstructure, rheological properties uye gel zvinhu zveHPMC / HPS composite system yakasimbiswa. Zvese zviri zviviri shanduko yekukurumidza muviscosity curve yeyakasanganiswa sisitimu uye tan delta peak mukurasika factor curve inoonekwa pa45 ° C, inofambirana neinoenderera mberi chikamu chiitiko chakaonekwa mumicrograph (pa45 ° C).

1. Nekudzidza iyo microstructure uye michina zvivakwa, dynamic thermomechanical properties, light transmittance, oxygen permeability and thermal stability of the composite membranes akagadzirirwa pasi peakasiyana composite ratios uye solution concentrations, yakasanganiswa neiyo iodine dyeing optical microscopy tekinoroji, tsvagiridzo The phase morphology, phase transition uye kuenderana. zvemacomplexes zvakaongororwa, uye hukama pakati peiyo microstructure uye macroscopic zvimiro zvezvivakwa zvakasimbiswa. Migumisiro chaiyo ndeyotevera:

(1) Hapana chiri pachena chezvikamu zviviri-chikamu muSEM mifananidzo yemafirimu akaumbwa ane akasiyana compoting ratios. Mazhinji emafirimu akaumbwa ane girazi rimwe chete rekuchinja mumhedzisiro yeDMA, uye mazhinji emafirimu akaumbwa ane imwechete yekupisa yekupisa peak muDTG curve. Izvi pamwe chete zvinoratidza kuti HPMC ine imwe kuenderana neHPS.

(2) Hunyoro hunyoro hune mhedzisiro yakakosha pamagetsi emhando yeHPMC/HPS inoumbwa mafirimu, uye dhigirii rekuita kwayo rinowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo HPS yemukati. Pakudzika kwehunyoro hunyoro, ese ari maviri elastic modulus uye kusimba kwekusimba kwemafirimu akaumbwa akawedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo HPS zvemukati, uye kureba panguva yekuzorora kwemafirimu akaumbwa kwaive kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yemafirimu akachena echikamu. Nekuwedzera kwehunyoro hunoenderana, iyo elastic modulus uye kusimba kwesimba remusanganiswa firimu rakaderera, uye kureba panguva yekuzorora kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye hukama pakati pemichina yemhando yefirimu inoumbwa uye chiyero chemusanganiswa chakaratidza kupesana zvachose shanduko pasi peakasiyana. hunyoro hwehukama. Iwo emakanika zvimiro zveanosanganisirwa membranes ane akasiyana composite ratios anoratidza mharadzano pasi peakasiyana humidity mamiriro, ayo anopa mukana wekukwiridzira kuita kwechigadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekushandisa.

(3) Ukama huri pakati pe microstructure, phase transition, transparency and mechanical properties yeHPMC/HPS composite system yakasimbiswa. a. Iyo yakaderera poindi yekubuda pachena kweiyo komputa system inopindirana nechikamu chekuchinja nzvimbo yeHPMC kubva pachikamu chinoenderera kuenda kuchikamu chakapararira uye iyo shoma yekudzikira kwetensile modulus. b. Iyo Yechidiki modulus uye kureba panguva yekuzorora inodzikira nekuwedzera kwekugadziriswa kwemhinduro, izvo zvine chekuita nekuchinja kwe morphological yeHPMC kubva pachikamu chinoenderera kuenda kuchikamu chakapararira mukomboni system.

(4) Kuwedzerwa kweHPS kunowedzera tortuosity yeokisijeni permeation chiteshi mu membrane inoumbwa, inoderedza zvakanyanya kupenya kweokisijeni ye membrane, uye inovandudza okisijeni barriers kuita kweHPMC membrane.

1. Mhedzisiro yeHPS kemikari shanduko pane rheological zvimiro zveiyo composite system uye yakazara zvimiro zvemusanganiswa membrane sekristaro chimiro, amorphous dunhu chimiro, mechanical properties, oxygen permeability uye kugadzikana kwekupisa zvakadzidzwa. Migumisiro chaiyo ndeyotevera:

(1) Iyo hydroxypropylation yeHPS inogona kuderedza viscosity yekomboni system pane yakaderera tembiricha, kuvandudza fluidity yemusanganiswa wemhinduro, uye kuderedza chiitiko chekuveura kutetepa; iyo hydroxypropylation yeHPS inogona kupfupisa mutsara viscoelastic dunhu rekomboni system, kuderedza chikamu chekushandura tembiricha yeHPMC/HPS komputa system, uye kugadzirisa yakasimba-yakafanana hunhu hwekomboni system pakudzika kwakadzika uye fluidity pakupisa kwakanyanya.

(2) Iyo hydroxypropylation yeHPS uye kuvandudzwa kwekuenderana kwezvikamu zviviri zvinogona kuvharidzira zvakanyanya recrystallization ye starch mu membrane, uye kukurudzira kuumbwa kweiyo looser self-yakafanana chimiro mucomposite membrane. Kuunzwa kweakawanda hydroxypropyl mapoka pane starch molecular cheni inodzikamisa kusungirirana uye kurongeka patsva kwezvikamu zveHPS mamorekuru, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kweimwe-yakasununguka yega-yakafanana chimiro cheHPS. Kune iyo yakaoma sisitimu, kuwedzera kweiyo dhigirii reiyo hydroxypropyl substitution inobvumira cheni-senge HPMC mamorekuru kupinda munzvimbo yakasununguka yeHPS, iyo inovandudza kuenderana kweiyo yakaoma sisitimu uye inovandudza density yeiyo yega-yakafanana chimiro cheHPS. Kuenderana kweiyo komputa system kunowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo inotsiva dhigirii yeboka rehydroxypropyl, iyo inowirirana nemhedzisiro yerheological properties.

(3) Iyo macroscopic zvinhu senge mechanical properties, thermal stability uye oxygen permeability yeHPMC/HPS composite membrane yakanyatsobatana nemukati makristasi maitiro uye amorphous region structure. Iko kusanganiswa kwemaitiro maviri emhedzisiro yekuenderana kwezvikamu zviviri.

1. Nekudzidza mhedzisiro yekugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa, tembiricha uye kemikari shanduko yeHPS pane rheological properties yekomboni system, iyo gelation mechanism yeHPMC/HPS inotonhora-inopisa inverse gel compound system yakakurukurwa. Migumisiro chaiyo ndeyotevera:

(1) Iko kune yakakosha kusungwa (8%) mune yekomboni system, pazasi peyakanyanya kuomesesa, HPMC neHPS iripo mune yakazvimirira molecular cheni uye chikamu matunhu; kana iyo yakakosha yekumisikidzwa inosvika, chikamu cheHPS chinoumbwa mune mhinduro senge condensate. Iyo gel centre ndeye microgel chimiro chakabatana nekupindirana kweHPMC molecular cheni; pamusoro pekunyanya kukosha, kupindirana kwakanyanya kuoma uye kupindirana kwakasimba, uye mhinduro inoratidza maitiro akafanana neaya epolymer melt.

(2) Iyo yakaoma sisitimu ine shanduko yechikamu chinoenderera nekuchinja kwekushisa, iyo inoenderana neiyo gel maitiro eHPMC neHPS mune yakaoma system. Pakudziya kwakadzika, viscosity yeHPMC yakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yeHPS, saka HPMC inoumba nhanho inoenderera yakatenderedza yakakwirira-viscosity HPS gel chikamu. Pamicheto yezvikamu zviviri izvi, mapoka ehydroxyl ari paHPMC cheni anorasikirwa nechikamu chemvura yaanosunga oita intermolecular hydrogen bond neHPS molecular chain. Munguva yekudziya, iyo HPS mamorekuru maketani akafamba nekuda kwekutora simba rakakwana uye akagadzira hydrogen zvisungo nemamorekuru emvura, zvichikonzera kuputika kweiyo gel chimiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvivakwa zvemvura-keji uye magoko emvura pamaketani eHPMC zvakaparadzwa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaputika kuratidza mapoka e hydrophilic uye masumbu e hydrophobic. Pakupisa kwepamusoro, HPMC inoumba gel network chimiro nekuda kwe intermolecular hydrogen bonds uye hydrophobic association, uye nokudaro inova yakakwirira-viscosity yakaparadzirwa chikamu chakaparadzirwa muHPS inopfuurira chikamu chemakoiri asina kujairika.

(3) Nekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree yeHPS, kuenderana kweHPMC/HPS komputa system inovandudza, uye tembiricha yekuchinja kwechikamu mukomboni system inoenda kune yakaderera tembiricha. Nekuwedzera kweiyo hydroxypropyl substitution degree, kune zvakawanda zvakatambanudzwa zvimedu zvehelical mumhinduro yeHPS, iyo inogona kuumba mamwe intermolecular hydrogen bond neHPMC molecular chain pamuganhu wezvikamu zviviri izvi, zvichigadzira chimiro chakafanana. Hydroxypropylation inoderedza viscosity ye starch, kuitira kuti mutsauko we viscosity pakati pe HPMC ne HPS mukomboni utapudzwe, izvo zvinoita kuti paumbwe imwe homogeneous compound, uye hushoma hunokosha hwemusiyano we viscosity pakati pezvikamu zviviri izvi zvinoenda kune yakaderera. nzvimbo yekushisa.

2. Innovation points

1. Dhizaina uye uvake iyo HPMC/HPS inotonhora uye inopisa reversed-phase gel compound system, uye yakarongeka kudzidza iyo yakasarudzika rheological maitiro ehurongwa uhu, kunyanya kusanganiswa kwemusanganiswa wemushonga, chiyero chemukomboni, tembiricha uye makemikari shanduko yezvikamu. Mitemo yepesvedzero yeiyo rheological properties, gel zvivakwa uye kuenderana kwekomboni system zvakazodzidzwazve, uye chikamu morphology uye nhanho shanduko yecompound system yakawedzera kudzidzwa pamwe nekucherechedzwa kweiyo iodine dyeing optical microscope, uye micro-morphological. chimiro chekomboni system yakamiswa- Rheological properties-gel properties relationship. Kekutanga, iyo Arrhenius modhi yakashandiswa kuenderana nemutemo wekugadzira gel weinotonhora uye inopisa reversed-phase composite gels mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushisa.

2. Kugoverwa kwechikamu, kushanduka kwechikamu uye kuwirirana kweHPMC / HPS composite system yakaonekwa ne iodine dyeing optical microscope analysis tekinoroji, uye transparency-mechanical properties yakavambwa nekubatanidza optical properties uye mechanical properties of composite films. Hukama huri pakati pemicrostructure uye macroscopic zvivakwa senge zvivakwa-phase morphology uye concentration-mechanical properties-phase morphology. Inguva yekutanga kutarisa zvakananga mutemo wekuchinja wechikamu che morphology yeiyi komputa system ine musanganiswa ratio, tembiricha uye kutarisisa, kunyanya mamiriro echikamu chekuchinja uye mhedzisiro yechikamu chekuchinja pane zvimiro zvekomboni system.

3. Chimiro chekristalline uye chimiro cheamorphous chezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zveHPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees zvakadzidzwa neSAXS, uye gelation mechanism uye simba remagetsi emagetsi zvakakurukurwa pamwe chete nemigumisiro yerheological uye macroscopic zvinhu zvakadai seokisijeni permeability yezvikamu zvakasanganiswa. Zvinhu uye mitemo, yakawanikwa kekutanga kuti viscosity yeiyo composite system ine hukama nehupamhi hweiyo yega-yakafanana chimiro mune inoumbwa membrane, uye yakanangana neiyo macroscopic zvimiro zvakaita seokisijeni permeability uye mechaniki zvivakwa zvecomposite. membrane, uye inogadza rheological properties-microstructure-membrane ukama pakati pezvinhu zvezvinhu.

3. Outlook

Mumakore achangopfuura, kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvakachengeteka uye zvinodyika zvekurongedza zvechikafu uchishandisa anogoneka mapolymers echisikigo sezvimisikidzwa zvave hotspot yekutsvagisa mumunda wekurongedza chikafu. Mubepa iri, yakasikwa polysaccharide inoshandiswa seyakanyanya mbishi zvinhu. Nekubatanidza HPMC neHPS, mutengo wezvinhu zvakasvibiswa unoderedzwa, mashandiro ekugadzirisa kweHPMC pane tembiricha yakaderera inovandudzwa, uye iyo okisijeni inodzivirira kuita kweiyo composite membrane inovandudzwa. Kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwe rheological analysis, iodine dyeing optical microscope analysis uye composite film microstructure uye yakazara performance performance, the phase morphology, phase transition, phase kupatsanurwa uye kuenderana kweinotonhora-inopisa reversed-phase gel composite system yakadzidzwa. Hukama pakati peiyo microstructure uye macroscopic zvimiro zveiyo composite system yakasimbiswa. Zvinoenderana nehukama pakati peiyo macroscopic zvivakwa uye micromorphological chimiro cheHPMC/HPS composite system, chimiro chechikamu uye kuenderana kweiyo composite system inogona kudzorwa kudzora iyo inoumbwa zvinhu. Tsvagiridzo iri mubepa rino ine yakakosha inotungamira kukosha kweiyo chaiyo yekugadzira maitiro; iyo nzira yekugadzira, inopesvedzera zvinhu uye mitemo yekutonhora uye inopisa inverse composite gels inokurukurwa, iyo yakafanana inoumbwa system yekutonhora uye inopisa inverse gels. Tsvagiridzo yebepa rino inopa dzidziso yemodhi yekupa gwara retioretical yekuvandudza uye kushandiswa kweakakosha-inodzorwa tembiricha zvinhu zvakangwara. Mhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo yepepa iri ine yakanaka theoretical kukosha. Tsvagiridzo yepepa iri inosanganisira kupindirana kwechikafu, zvinhu, gel uye musanganiswa uye zvimwe zvidzidzo. Nekuda kwekuganhurwa kwenguva uye nzira dzekutsvagisa, kutsvagisa kwechinyorwa ichi kuchine akawanda mapoinzi asina kupera, ayo anogona kudzika nekuvandudzwa kubva pane zvinotevera. wedzera:

Theoretical aspects:

1. Kuongorora mhedzisiro yeakasiyana chain bazi reshiyo, mamorekuru uremu uye mhando dzeHPS pane rheological properties, membrane zvimiro, phase morphology, uye kuenderana kweiyo komisheni system, uye kuongorora mutemo wekupesvedzera kwayo pane iyo gel yekugadzira michina yekomboni. system.
2. Ongorora mhedzisiro yeHPMC hydroxypropyl substitution degree, methoxyl substitution degree, uremu hwemamorekuru uye sosi pane rheological properties, gel zvivakwa, membrane zvimiro uye kuenderana kwehurongwa hwekomboni system, uye ongorora mhedzisiro yeHPMC kemikari gadziriso pacompound condensation. Kupesvedzera mutemo we gel kugadzira michina.
3. Kupesvedzera kwemunyu, pH, plasticizer, cross-linking agent, antibacterial agent uye mamwe macompound masisitimu pane rheological properties, gel properties, membrane chimiro uye zvivakwa uye mitemo yavo yakadzidzwa.

Application:

1. Gadzirisa fomula yekurongedza kushandiswa kwemapakeji ekurukisa, mapaketi emiriwo uye sopo yakasimba, uye dzidza kuchengetedza mhedzisiro yezviyo, miriwo uye soups panguva yekuchengetera, michina yemidziyo, uye shanduko mukuita kwechigadzirwa kana ichiiswa pasi pesimba rekunze. , uye Kunyungudika kweMvura uye indekisi yehutsanana yezvinhu. Inogona zvakare kuiswa kune chikafu chegranulated senge kofi uye mukaka tii, pamwe nekurongedza kunodyiwa kwemakeke, cheeses, dessert uye zvimwe zvekudya.
2. Gadzirisa dhizaini yekushandiswa kwebhotani yemishonga yechirimwa makapule, wedzera kudzidza mamiriro ekugadzirisa uye kusarudzwa kwakaringana kwevabatsiri, uye gadzira hollow capsule zvigadzirwa. Zviratidzo zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari senge friability, nguva yekuparara, heavy metal content, uye microbial content zvakaedzwa.
3. Nekuchengeta kutsva kwekushandiswa kwemichero nemiriwo, zvigadzirwa zvenyama, nezvimwe, zvinoenderana nenzira dzakasiyana dzekupfapfaidza, kunyura, uye pendi, sarudza fomura yakakodzera, uye dzidza chiyero chemichero yakaora, kurasikirwa nehunyoro, kushandiswa kwemuviri, kuoma. yemiriwo mushure mekurongedza panguva yekuchengetedza, gloss uye flavour uye zvimwe zviratidzo; iyo ruvara, pH, TVB-N kukosha, thiobarbituric acid uye nhamba yehutachiona hwezvigadzirwa zvenyama mushure mekurongedza.