Dry-musanganiswa dhaka musanganiswa wecementitious zvinhu (simende, nhunzi ash, slag poda, nezvimwewo), akakosha akagadzikwa giredhi aggregates (quartz jecha, corundum, nezvimwewo, uye dzimwe nguva inoda mwenje Granules, yakawedzera perlite, yakawedzera vermiculite, nezvimwe. ) uye zvakasanganiswa zvakasanganiswa zvakafanana mune imwe chikamu, uye zvino zvakarongedzwa mumabhegi, madhiramu kana kupihwa muhuwandu muhupfu hwakaoma sechinhu chekuvaka.
Sekureva kwechikumbiro, kune marudzi mazhinji edhaka rekutengesa, senge pakaoma poda dhaka rekushongedza, yakaoma poda dhaka rekupurasita, yakaoma poda dhaka revhu, yakakosha yakaoma poda dhaka yekudzivirira mvura, kuchengetedza kupisa uye zvimwe zvinangwa. Kupfupisa, dhaka rakaoma-rakasanganiswa rinogona kukamurwa kuita yakajairwa yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka (masonry, plastering uye pasi yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka) uye yakakosha yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka. Yakakosha yakaoma-yakavhenganiswa dhaka inosanganisira: inozvigadzika pasi dhaka, kupfeka-inodzivirira pasi zvinhu, isina-moto isingadziviriri pasi, inorganic caulking agent, dhaka risina mvura, resin plastering dhaka, kongiri pamusoro pekudzivirira zvinhu, ine mavara plastering dhaka, nezvimwe.
Saka akawanda akaomeswa-akasanganiswa madhaka anoda akasanganiswa emhando dzakasiyana uye akasiyana masisitimu ekuita kuti agadziriswe kuburikidza nehuwandu hukuru hwebvunzo. Zvichienzaniswa zvechinyakare kongiri admixtures, yakaoma-yakavhenganiswa dhaka admixtures anogona chete kushandiswa muupfu chimiro, uye chechipiri, vari soluble mumvura inotonhora, kana zvishoma nezvishoma nyungudika pasi chiito alkalinity kuti dzishandise yavo yakakodzera mugumisiro.
1. Thickener, mvura-inochengetedza agent uye stabilizer Ordinary dhaka rakagadzirwa nesamende, inert kana inoshanda yemaminerari admixture, uye yakanaka aggregate, zvipingamupinyi zvayo zvikuru kusabatana kwakashata, kugadzikana kusina kunaka, kubuda ropa nyore, kupatsanurwa, Subsidence, kuvakwa kwakaoma, mushure mekuvaka, the simba rekubatanidza rakaderera, riri nyore kutsemuka, harina mvura, kusasimba, zvichingodaro, rinofanirwa kugadziridzwa nezvinowedzerwa zvakakodzera. Panyaya yekuvandudza kubatana, kuchengetwa kwemvura uye kugadzikana kwedhaka, izvo zvinowedzera zvinogona kusarudzwa zvinosanganisira cellulose ether, modified starch ether, polyvinyl doro, polyacrylamide uye thickening powder.
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (PMC) uye hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) zvose zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasikwa zvepolymer (zvakadai sekotoni, nezvimwewo) Non-ionic cellulose ether inogadzirwa nemishonga yemakemikari. Iwo anoratidzirwa nekunyungudika kwemvura inotonhora, kuchengetwa kwemvura, kukora, kubatana, kugadzira firimu, lubricity, non-ionic uye pH kugadzikana. Kunyungudika kwemvura inotonhora kwerudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye simba rekuchengetedza mvura rinowedzerwa, iyo gobvu pfuma iri pachena, dhayamita remabhuru emhepo akaunzwa idiki, uye mhedzisiro yekuvandudza simba rekubatanidza redhaka iri. kuwedzeredzwa zvikuru.
Cellulose ether haina kungova nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, asiwo ine huwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu hwema molecular weight uye viscosity kubva ku5mPa. s kusvika 200,000 mPa. s, kukanganisa kwekuita kwedhaka muchikamu chitsva uye mushure mekuoma kwakasiyanawo. Nhamba yakakura yebvunzo inofanira kuitwa pakusarudza iyo chaiyo sarudzo. Sarudza cellulose yakasiyana-siyana ine viscosity yakakodzera uye molecular uremu renji, diki dosi, uye isina mhepo-inopinza pfuma. Nenzira iyi chete inogona kuwanikwa pakarepo. Ideal technical performance, asiwo ine yakanaka hupfumi.
Starch ether Starch ether iether inoumbwa nekuita kwemapoka ehydroxyl pamamorekuru estarch glucose ane chemical reagents, anonzi starch ether kana etherified starch. Iwo makuru emhando dzemodified starch ethers ndeaya: sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS), hydrocarbon alkyl starch (HES), hydrocarbon propyl ethyl starch (HPS), cyanoethyl starch, etc. Izvo zvese zvine mabasa akanakisa ekunyungudika kwemvura, kubatana, kuzvimba, kuyerera. , kufukidza, dhizaini, saizi, kupararira uye kudzikamisa, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa, chikafu, machira, kugadzira mapepa, makemikari ezuva nezuva uye peturu uye mamwe madhipatimendi.
Parizvino, tarisiro ye starch ether inoshandiswa kune yakaoma poda dhaka inovimbisawo zvikuru. Zvikonzero zvikuru ndezvi: ① Mutengo wesitarch ether wakachipa, chete 1/3 kusvika 1/4 ye cellulose ether; ② Starch ether yakasanganiswa mudhaka ichavandudzawo viscosity, kuchengetedza mvura, kugadzikana uye kusimba kwechisungo chedhaka; ③ Starch ether inogona kusanganiswa ne cellulose ether mune chero chikamu, kuitira kuti ivandudze zvirinani anti-sagging maitiro edhaka. Mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvedhaka, senge ceramic madziro uye pasi mataira anonamira, interface kurapwa maajenti, caulking agents uye akajairwa dhaka rekutengesa, starch ether inoshandiswa seyakanyanya kukora uye inochengetedza mvura mumiriri uye stabilizer. Asi tichitarisa kune vanogadzira starch ether munyika yangu, vazhinji vavo vanongogara mukupihwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekutanga, uye vashoma vanogadzira vanogadzira uye vanopa yakagadziridzwa starch ether kusangana nechikamu chekudiwa kwevagadziri vematope.
Gobvu poda dhaka Chigadzirwa chitsva chakagadzirwa kuti chienderane nekugadzirwa kwehupfu hwakaomeswa (yakagadzirira-yakasanganiswa) dhaka. Iyo inonyanya kuumbwa neinorganic minerals uye organic polymer zvinhu, uye haina lime uye mhepo-yakapinzwa zvikamu. Chiyero chayo chinenge 5% kusvika 20% yehuremu hwesimende. Parizvino, mukugadzirwa kwedhaka rezvinhu zvakajairika muShanghai, hupfu hwakakora hunowanzo shandiswa sechinhu chakakora, chinochengeta mvura uye chinodzikamisa, uye mhedzisiro yacho inoshamisa.
Polyvinyl doro uye polyacrylamide zvakare ine yakakura viscosity renji, asi dzimwe nguva huwandu hwemhepo-inopinza yakakura, kana kudiwa kwemvura kwedhaka kunowedzera zvakanyanya mushure mekusanganiswa, saka nhamba huru yebvunzo inofanira kushandiswa kusarudza.
2. Basa guru reiyo redispersible latex powder thickener ndeyekuvandudza kuchengetwa kwemvura uye kugadzikana kwedhaka. Kunyangwe ichigona kudzivirira dhaka kubva pakutsemuka (kudzikamisa mwero wekubuda kwemvura) kune imwe nhanho, haiwanzo kushandiswa kuvandudza kuoma uye kutsemuka kuramba kwedhaka. uye nzira dzisina mvura.
Tsika yekuwedzera mapolymers kuvandudza kusamira, kuoma, kutsemuka kuramba uye kukanganisa kuramba kwedhaka nekongiri kwave kuzivikanwa. Inowanzo shandiswa polymer emulsions yekushandurwa kwesamende dhaka uye simende kongiri inosanganisira: neoprene rubber emulsion, styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine partial rubber emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, etc. Nekuvandudzwa kwekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi, kwete chete. magadzirirwo emapolymer akasiyana akaongororwa zvakadzama, asi zvakare magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa, nzira yekudyidzana pakati pemapolima nesimende, uye simende hydration zvigadzirwa zvakavewo nedzidziso yakadzidzwa. Kuwedzera kwakadzama kuongororwa uye tsvagiridzo, uye nhamba huru yemhedzisiro yekutsvaga yesainzi yakaonekwa.
Polymer emulsion inogona kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwedhaka rakagadzirwa-yakasanganiswa, asi zviri pachena kuti hazvibviri kuishandisa zvakananga mukugadzirwa kwevhu rakaoma revhu, saka rakazvarwa redispersible latex powder. Parizvino, iyo redispersible latex poda inoshandiswa muvhu rakaoma dhaka rinonyanya kusanganisira: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer ( Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), nezvimwewo Pakati pavo, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer ine chiyero chikuru chekushandisa.
Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti kushanda kwe redispersible latex powder yakagadzikana, uye ine mhedzisiro isingaenzaniswi pakuvandudza kusimba kwechisungo chedhaka, kuvandudza kusimba kwayo, deformation, crack resistance uye kusamira, etc. Kuwedzera hydrophobic latex powder copolymerized by polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride. , ethylene, vinyl laurate, etc. inogonawo kuderedza zvakanyanya kunyura kwemvura yedhaka (nekuda kwehydrophobicity yayo), ichiita kuti mhepo yevhu ipinde mukati uye isingapindiki, inosimudzira Iyo Inopesana nemamiriro ekunze uye yakavandudza kusimba.
Zvichienzaniswa nekuvandudza simba rekushanduka-shanduka uye simba rekubatanidza redhaka uye kuderedza brittleness yaro, mhedzisiro ye redispersible latex powder pakuvandudza kuchengetwa kwemvura kwedhaka uye kusimbisa kubatana kwayo kunogumira. Sezvo kuwedzerwa kwe redispersible latex powder kunogona kupararira uye kukonzera kuwanda kwemhepo-kupinza mumusanganiswa wevhu, maitiro ayo ekuderedza mvura ari pachena. Ehe, nekuda kwechimiro chisina kunaka chemhepo yakaunzwa, iyo yekudzikisa mvura haina kuvandudza simba. Pane zvinopesana, simba revhu richaderera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kweiyo redispersible latex powder content. Nokudaro, mukugadzirwa kwemamwe madhaka anoda kufunga nezvekumanikidzika uye kushanduka kwesimba, zvinowanzodiwa kuwedzera defoamer panguva imwe chete kuitira kuderedza kuipa kwe latex powder pane simba rekumanikidza uye kushanduka kwesimba redhaka. .
3. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwe cellulose, starch ether uye polymer zvinhu, iyo defoamer pasina mubvunzo inowedzera mhepo-inopinza pfuma yedhaka. Kune rimwe divi, zvinokanganisa simba rekumanikidza, kushanduka kwesimba uye kusimba kwechisungo chedhaka, uye inoderedza yayo elastic modulus. Kune rumwe rutivi, inewo simba guru pakuonekwa kwedhaka, saka zvakakosha zvikuru kubvisa mabhuru emhepo akaiswa mumatope. Parizvino, kunze kwenyika yakaoma poda defoamers inonyanya kushandiswa muChina kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwepamusoro viscosity yedhaka rezvigadzirwa, kubviswa kwemhepo inoputika haisi basa riri nyore.
4. Anti-sagging agent Paunonamira mataira edomi, mapuranga epolystyrene ane furo, uye kuzora rabha poda yepolystyrene particle insulation mortar, dambudziko guru rakatarisana naro ndere kudonha. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti kuwedzera starch ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin uye montmorillonite chiyero chinoshanda chekugadzirisa dambudziko rematope anodonha mushure mekuvaka. Mhedzisiro huru yedambudziko rekudonha ndeyekuwedzera kwekutanga shear kunetseka kwedhaka, ndiko kuti, kuwedzera thixotropy yayo. Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, hazvisi nyore kusarudza yakanaka anti-sagging agent, nekuti inoda kugadzirisa hukama pakati pethixotropy, workability, viscosity uye kudiwa kwemvura.
5. Mvura inodzivirira mvura Basa rekudzivirira mvura kana kuti rinodzivirira mvura redhaka rekupurasita, tile caulking agent, dhaka rekushongedza ruvara uye yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka inoshandiswa kunze kwekunze kwemadziro akaonda ekuisa purasita system inokosha, inoda kuwedzerwa kwePowdered. inodzinga mvura, asi inofanirwa kuve neanotevera maitiro: ① ita iyo dhaka hydrophobic sese uye kuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba mhedzisiro; ② haina kukanganisa kusimba kwekubatana kwepamusoro; ③ mamwe anodzinga mvura anowanzo kushandiswa pamusika, akadai seCalcium fatty acid haisi yakakodzera hydrophobic yekuwedzera kune yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka, kunyanya yekupurasita zvinhu zvekugadzira michina, nekuti zvinonetsa kusanganisa nekukurumidza uye zvakafanana nesamende dhaka.
A silane-based powder water-repellent agent ichangobva kugadzirwa, inova yeupfu silane-based product inowanikwa nespray-drying silane-coated water-soluble protective colloids uye anti-caking agents. Kana iyo dhaka yakasanganiswa nemvura, iyo inodzivirira colloid shell yemvura inodzivirira mvura inonyunguduka nekukurumidza mumvura, uye inoburitsa iyo encapsulated silane kuti iparadzire zvakare mumvura inosanganiswa. Munzvimbo ine alkaline yakawanda mushure me simende hydration, iyo hydrophilic organic inoshanda mapoka mu silane anoiswa hydrolyzed kuti aumbe zvakanyanya reactive silanol mapoka, uye mapoka e silanol anoramba achiita zvisingadzoreki nemapoka ehydroxyl mune simende hydration zvigadzirwa kuti aumbe makemikari bonds, kuitira kuti silane yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete ne-cross-linking yakanyatsogadziriswa pamusoro pemadziro epore yesamende mortar. Sezvo hydrophobic organic functional mapoka anotarisana nekunze kwemadziro epore, pamusoro pepores inowana hydrophobicity, nekudaro ichiunza iyo yakazara hydrophobic athari kune dhaka.
6. Pantherine Inhibitor Pantherine ichakanganisa aesthetics ye simenti-based decoration mortar, iyo inowanzova dambudziko rinoda kugadziriswa. Maererano nemishumo, resin-based anti-pantherine additive yakabudirira kubudirira munguva ichangopfuura, iyo inodzokororwa poda ine basa rakanaka rinokurudzira. Ichi chigadzirwa chakanyanya kukodzera kushandiswa mukuyamura machira, putties, caulks kana kupedzisa dhaka maumbirwo uye ane kuenderana kwakanaka nezvimwe zvinowedzera.
7. Fiber Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwefiber mudhaka kunogona kuwedzera kusimba kwesimba, kuwedzera kuoma uye kunatsiridza kutsemuka kuramba. Parizvino, makemikari ekugadzira fiber uye huni huni zvinowanzoshandiswa mumatope akaoma-akasanganiswa. Chemical synthetic fibers, yakadai sepolypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, etc. Mushure mekushandurwa kwepamusoro, mafiritsi aya haana kungoita zvakanaka dispersibility, asiwo ane zvinyorwa zvakaderera, izvo zvinogona kubudirira kuvandudza kupikisa kwepurasitiki uye kuputika kushanda kwedhaka. Iyo mechanical properties haisi kunyanya kukanganiswa. Iyo dhayamita yehuni fiber idiki, uye kuwedzerwa kwehuni fiber kunofanirwa kutarisisa kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemvura kwedhaka.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-04-2023