Yakagadziridzwa Cellulose ether yedhaka

Mhando dze cellulose ether uye mabasa ayo makuru mune yakasanganiswa dhaka uye nzira dzekuongorora dzezvivakwa zvakaita sekuchengetedza mvura, viscosity uye kusimba kwechisungo zvinoongororwa. The retading mechanism uye microstructure yecellulose ether mudhaka rakaoma rakasanganiswauye hukama pakati pekuumbwa kwechimiro cheimwe chaiyo yakaonda layer cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka uye iyo hydration process inotsanangurwa. Pamusoro pechikonzero ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvakakosha kukurumidza kudzidza pamusoro pemamiriro ekukurumidza kurasikirwa kwemvura. The layered hydration mechanism ye cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka mune yakatetepa layer uye mutemo wekugovera nzvimbo yepolymer mudhaka redhaka. Mune ramangwana rinoshanda rekushandisa, mhedzisiro ye cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka pakuchinja kwetembiricha uye kuenderana nezvimwe zvinosanganiswa zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere. Ichi chidzidzo chinosimudzira kuvandudza tekinoroji yekushandisa yeEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka senge ekunze madziro plastering dhaka, putty, dhaka remubatanidzwa uye imwe nhete yakatsetseka dhaka.

Mazwi akakosha:cellulose ether; Dry yakasanganiswa dhaka; michina

1. Nhanganyaya

Yakajairika dhaka rakaoma, kunze kwemadziro ekudzivirira dhaka, dhaka rinodzikamisa, jecha risina mvura uye imwe dhaka yakaoma yave chikamu chakakosha chezvivakwa zvekuvaka zvakavakirwa munyika yedu, uye cellulose ether ndiyo inotorwa yeakasikwa cellulose ether, uye yakakosha yekuwedzera yemhando dzakasiyana siyana. yedhaka rakaoma, retading, kuchengetedza mvura, kukora, kutorwa kwemhepo, kunamatira uye mamwe mabasa.

Basa reEC mudhaka rinonyanya kuratidzwa mukuvandudza kushanda kwedhaka uye nekuona hydration yesimende mudhaka. Kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwedhaka kunonyanya kuratidzwa mukuchengetedza mvura, anti-yakarembera uye nguva yekuvhura, kunyanya mukuona yakatetepa dhaka makadhi, kupurasita dhaka kupararira uye kuvandudza kumhanya kwekuvaka kweyakakosha bonding dhaka kune zvakakosha zvemagariro nehupfumi.

Kunyangwe huwandu hukuru hwezvidzidzo paEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka zvakaitwa uye zvakakosha zvakaitwa mukutsvagisa tekinoroji yeEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka, pachine kushomeka kuri pachena mukutsvagisa nzira yeEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka, kunyanya kudyidzana pakati peEC uye. simende, aggregate uye matrix pasi pekushandisa kwakakosha nharaunda. Naizvozvo, Zvichienderana nechidimbu chemhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo yakakodzera, bepa rino rinokurudzira kuti kumwe kutsvagisa nezvetembiricha uye kuenderana nemamwe madhisheni kunofanirwa kuitwa.

2,basa uye kupatsanurwa kwe cellulose ether

2.1 Kurongwa kwe cellulose ether

Mazhinji akasiyana ether cellulose ether, pane angangoita chiuru, kazhinji, maererano neionization mashandiro anogona kukamurwa kuita ionic uye isiri-ionic mhando 2 zvikamu, mune simende-yakavakirwa zvinhu nekuda kweionic cellulose ether (senge carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC). ) inonaya neCa2+ uye isina kugadzikana, isingawanzo shandiswa. Nonionic cellulose ether inogona kuenderana ne (1) viscosity ye standard aqueous solution; (2) rudzi rwezvinotsiva; (3) dhigirii rekutsiva; (4) chimiro chemuviri; (5) Chikamu che solubility, nezvimwe.

Zvinhu zveEC zvinonyanya kuenderana nemhando, huwandu uye kugovera kwezvinotsiva, saka CE inowanzo patsanurwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinotsiva. Zvakadai semethyl cellulose ether ndeye yakasikwa cellulose glucose unit pahydroxyl inotsiviwa nemethoxy zvigadzirwa, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether HPMC iri hydroxyl ne methoxy, hydroxypropyl zvakateerana zvakatsiviwa zvigadzirwa. Parizvino, inopfuura 90% ye cellulose ethers inoshandiswa kunyanya methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPC) uye methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC).

2.2 Basa re cellulose ether mudhaka

Basa reEC mudhaka rinonyanya kuratidzwa mune zvinotevera zvinhu zvitatu: yakanakisa kuchengetedza mvura, pesvedzero pakuenderana uye thixotropy yedhaka uye kugadzirisa rheology.

Kuchengetwa kwemvura kweEC hakugone kungogadzirisa nguva yekuvhura uye yekumisikidza maitiro edhaka system, kuitira kugadzirisa nguva yekushanda yehurongwa, asi zvakare kudzivirira iyo base zvinhu kuti isatore mvura yakawandisa uye inokurumidza uye kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura. mvura, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekusunungurwa kwemvura zvishoma nezvishoma panguva ye hydration ye simenti. Kuchengetwa kwemvura kweEC kunonyanya kuenderana nehuwandu hweEC, viscosity, fineness uye ambient tembiricha. Mhedzisiro yekuchengeta mvura yeEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka inoenderana nekunyura kwemvura pachigadziko, kuumbwa kwedhaka, ukobvu hwechitubu, kudiwa kwemvura, nguva yekumisikidzwa kwesimende, nezvimwewo Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti mukushandiswa chaiko. yemamwe mabhii eceramic mataira, nekuda kweiyo yakaoma porous substrate ichakurumidza kutora yakawanda yemvura kubva kune slurry, iyo simende layer padyo ne substrate kurasikirwa kwemvura inotungamira kune hydration degree resimende pazasi 30%, iyo isingagone chete kugadzira simende. gel ine simba rekubatanidza pamusoro peiyo substrate, asi zvakare nyore kukonzeresa kuputika uye kubuda kwemvura.

Mvura inodiwa yemortar system inokosha parameter. Iyo yakakosha mvura inodiwa uye yakabatana goho redhaka zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwedhaka, kureva huwandu hwesimende zvinhu, akaunganidza uye akaunganidzwa akawedzerwa, asi kubatanidzwa kweEC kunogona kunyatso gadzirisa zvinodiwa nemvura uye goho revhu. Mune akawanda ezvivakwa masisitimu, CE inoshandiswa seyakakora kugadzirisa kuenderana kwehurongwa. Iko kukora mhedzisiro yeEC kunoenderana nedhigirii repolymerization yeEC, kugadziriswa kwemhinduro, shear rate, tembiricha uye mamwe mamiriro. CE aqueous solution ine high viscosity ine yakakwirira thixotropy. Kana tembiricha ichiwedzera, dhizaini gel inoumbwa uye yakakwira thixotropy kuyerera kunoitika, inovawo hunhu hukuru hweEC.

Kuwedzerwa kweEC kunogona kunyatso gadzirisa rheological pfuma yechivakwa chekuvaka, kuitira kuti ivandudze mashandiro ekushanda, kuitira kuti dhaka rive nekushanda kuri nani, kuita kuri nani kwekurwisa-kurembera, uye kusatevedzera maturusi ekuvaka. Zvinhu izvi zvinoita kuti dhaka rive nyore kuyera uye kurapa.

2.3 Kuongororwa kwekuita kwe cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka

Iko kuongororwa kwekuita kweEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka inonyanya kusanganisira kuchengetwa kwemvura, viscosity, simba rebhondi, nezvimwe.

Kuchengetedzwa kwemvura indekisi yakakosha yekuita iyo yakanangana nekuita kweEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka. Parizvino, kune akawanda akakodzera nzira dzekuyedza, asi mazhinji acho anoshandisa vacuum pombi nzira yekuburitsa hunyoro zvakananga. Semuenzaniso, nyika dzekunze dzinonyanya kushandisa DIN 18555 (yebvunzo nzira yeinogadzika simende zvinhu dhaka), uye French aerated kongiri mabhizinesi ekugadzira anoshandisa sefa mapepa nzira. Muyero wepamba unosanganisira nzira yekuyedza yekuchengeta mvura ine JC/T 517-2004 (plaster plaster), musimboti wayo uye nzira yekuverenga uye mazinga ekunze anowirirana, zvese kuburikidza nekutemerwa kwemvura yedhaka yekunyudza mwero wakati dhaka rekuchengetedza mvura.

Viscosity ndiyo imwe yakakosha performance index yakanangana nekuita kweEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka. Kune ina dzinowanzo shandiswa viscosity bvunzo nzira: Brookileld, Hakke, Hoppler uye rotary viscometer nzira. Nzira ina dzinoshandisa zviridzwa zvakasiyana, kugadzirisa kugadzirisa, nharaunda yekuyedza, saka mhinduro imwechete yakaedzwa nenzira ina haisi mibairo yakafanana. Panguva imwecheteyo, viscosity yeEC inosiyana nekudziya uye humidity, saka viscosity yeiyo yakafanana CE yakagadziridzwa dhaka inoshanduka zvine simba, inovawo nhungamiro yakakosha yekudzidzwa paEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka parizvino.

Bond simba bvunzo inotemerwa zvinoenderana negwara rekushandisa dhaka, senge ceramic bond dhaka rinonyanya kureva "ceramic wall adhesive" (JC/T 547-2005), Dziviriro dhaka rinonyanya kureva "yekunze madziro ekuisa dhaka tekinoroji zvinodiwa" ( DB 31 / T 366-2006) uye "kunze kwemadziro ekudzivirira nekuwedzera polystyrene board plaster mortar" (JC/T 993-2006). Munyika dzekunze, simba rekunamira rinoratidzwa nesimba rekushanduka-shanduka rinokurudzirwa neJapan Association of Materials Science (yedzo inotora iyo prismatic yakajairwa dhaka yakachekwa nepakati nepakati nehukuru hwe160mm×40mm×40mm uye yakagadziridzwa dhaka inoitwa sampuli mushure mekurapa. , tichireva nzira yekuyedza yesimba rekuchinjika resamende dhaka).

3. Theoretical research kufambira mberi kwe cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka

Iyo theoretical tsvagiridzo yeEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka inonyanya kutarisana nekudyidzana pakati peEC uye zvakasiyana zvinhu mumatope system. Iyo kemikari chiito mukati mesimende-yakavakirwa zvinhu yakagadziridzwa neEC inogona kunyatso kuratidzwa seEC uye mvura, hydration chiito chesimende pachayo, CE uye simende chidimbu chekudyidzana, CE uye simende hydration zvigadzirwa. Kudyidzana pakati peEC uye simende zvimedu / hydration zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kuratidzwa mune adsorption pakati peEC uye simende zvimedu.

Kudyidzana pakati peEC uye simende zvimedu zvakashumwa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Somuenzaniso, Liu Guanghua et al. akayera mukana weZeta weEC yakagadziridzwa simende slurry colloid paunenge uchidzidza maitiro eEC mupasi pemvura kongiri isina-discrete. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti: Zeta inogona (-12.6mV) ye-cement-doped slurry idiki pane yesamende paste (-21.84mV), zvichiratidza kuti zvimedu zvesimende mu-cement-doped slurry zvakaputirwa ne-non-ionic polymer layer, izvo zvinoita kuti maviri emagetsi layer diffusion ave mutete uye simba rinosemesa pakati pecolloid risimbe.

3.1 Kudzoreredza dzidziso ye cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka

Muchidzidzo chedzidziso cheEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka, zvinotendwa kuti CE haingope dhaka nekuita kwakanaka kwekushanda, asi zvakare inoderedza yekutanga hydration kupisa kuburitsa simende uye inonoke iyo hydration dynamic process ye simenti.

Iko kudzoreredza mhedzisiro yeEC inonyanya kuenderana nekusangana kwayo uye mamorekuru chimiro mumaminerari simende zvinhu system, asi ine hukama hushoma nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru. Zvinogona kuoneka kubva mukuita kwechimiro chemakemikari eEC pane iyo hydration kinetics yesimende kuti iyo yakakwirira yeEC yemukati, idiki iyo alkyl inotsiva dhigirii, iyo yakakura iyo hydroxyl yemukati, yakasimba iyo hydration kunonoka kuita. Panyaya yekugadzirwa kwema molecular, hydrophilic substitution (eg, HEC) ine simba retarding effect pane hydrophobic substitution (eg, MH, HEMC, HMPC).

Kubva pakuona kwekudyidzana pakati peEC uye simende masimidhi, iyo inodzoreredza nzira inoratidzwa muzvikamu zviviri. Kune rimwe divi, adsorption yeEC molecule pane zvigadzirwa zve hydration senge c - s -H uye Ca (OH) 2 inodzivirira imwe simende mineral hydration; kune rumwe rutivi, viscosity ye pore solution inowedzera nekuda kweEC, iyo inoderedza ions (Ca2 +, so42-…). Chiitiko chiri mupore solution chinowedzera kudzoreredza iyo hydration process.

CE haingononoke kuseta, asi zvakare inonoke kuomarara kwesimende mortar system. Inowanikwa kuti CE inokanganisa hydration kinetics yeC3S uye C3A mune simende clinker nenzira dzakasiyana. CE yakanyanya kudzikisa chiyero chekuita kweC3s yekuwedzera chikamu, uye yakawedzera nguva yekuiswa kweC3A/CaSO4. Kudzoreredzwa kweC3s hydration kuchanonoka kuomarara kwedhaka, nepo kuwedzerwa kweiyo induction nguva yeC3A/CaSO4 system ichanonoka kuiswa kwedhaka.

3.2 Microstructure ye cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka

Iyo pesvedzero meshini yeEC pane iyo microstructure yemodified mortar yakakwezva kutarisisa kukuru. Inonyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zvinotevera:

Chekutanga, iyo yekutsvagisa yakanangana neiyo firimu yekugadzira michina uye morphology yeEC mudhaka. Sezvo CE ichiwanzo shandiswa nemamwe mapolymer, yakakosha tsvakiridzo yekutarisa kusiyanisa mamiriro ayo kubva kune mamwe mapolymer mudhaka.

Kechipiri, mhedzisiro yeEC pane iyo microstructure yesimende hydration zvigadzirwa zvakare yakakosha yekutsvagisa nzira. Sezvinoonekwa kubva mufirimu inogadzira mamiriro eEC kune zvigadzirwa zve hydration, zvigadzirwa zve hydration zvinoumba chimiro chinoenderera pane interface ye cE yakabatana kune akasiyana hydration zvigadzirwa. Muna 2008, K.Pen et al. yakashandisa isothermal calorimetry, thermal analysis, FTIR, SEM uye BSE kuti idzidze lignification process uye hydration products of 1% PVAA, MC uye HEC modified mortar. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti kunyangwe iyo polima yakanonotsa iyo yekutanga hydration dhigirii simende, yakaratidza nani hydration chimiro pamazuva makumi mapfumbamwe. Kunyanya, MC inokanganisawo crystal morphology yeCa (OH)2. Humbowo hwakananga ndehwekuti basa rebhiriji repolymer rinoonekwa mumakristasi akaturikidzana, MC inobata basa mukusunga makristasi, kuderedza kutsemuka kudiki uye kusimbisa iyo microstructure.

Iyo microstructure shanduko yeEC mudhaka yakakwezvawo kutarisisa kwakawanda. Semuyenzaniso, Jenni akashandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora kuti adzidze kudyidzana pakati pezvinhu zviri mukati mepolymer dhaka, achibatanidza ongororo yehuwandu uye yemhando yekuvakazve maitiro ese edhaka musanganiswa mutsva kusvika pakuoma, kusanganisira kuumbwa kwemafirimu epolymer, simende hydration uye kufamba kwemvura.

Uye zvakare, iyo micro-kuongororwa kweakasiyana nguva mapoinzi mukuita dhaka rekuvandudza, uye haigone kuve mune situ kubva mukusanganiswa kwedhaka kusvika pakuomeswa kweiyo nzira yekuenderera mberi micro-kuongorora. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kusanganisa iyo yese quantitative kuyedza kuongorora mamwe matanho akakosha uye kutsvaga iyo microstructure yekugadzira maitiro ematanho akakosha. MuChina, Qian Baowei, Ma Baoguo et al. yakanyatsotsanangura iyo hydration maitiro nekushandisa resistivity, kupisa kwe hydration uye dzimwe nzira dzekuedza. Nekudaro, nekuda kwezviyedzo zvishoma uye kutadza kubatanidza resistivity uye kupisa kwe hydration neiyo microstructure panguva dzakasiyana dzenguva, hapana inoenderana system yekutsvagisa yakaumbwa. Kazhinji, kusvika ikozvino, pave pasina nzira yakananga yekutsanangura huwandu uye hwemhando yekuvapo kweakasiyana polymer microstructure mudhaka.

3.3 Kudzidza nezve cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa yakaonda layer mortar

Kunyangwe vanhu vakaita zvimwe zvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi uye zvedzidziso pamusoro pekushandiswa kweEC mumatope esimende. Asi anofanirwa kuterera ndezvekuti CE yakagadziridzwa dhaka mune yemazuva ese yakaoma yakasanganiswa dhaka (senge zvidhinha binder, putty, yakatetepa layer yekupura dhaka, nezvimwewo) inoiswa muchimiro chedhaka rakatetepa dhaka, ichi chakasarudzika chimiro chinowanzoperekedzwa. nedambudziko rekurasikirwa kwemvura nekukurumidza.

Semuenzaniso, ceramic tile bonding mortar ndeye yakaonda yakatetepa dhaka (iyo yakaonda layer CE yakagadziridzwa dhaka modhi yeceramic tile bonding agent), uye maitiro ayo e hydration akadzidziswa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. MuChina, Coptis rhizoma yakashandisa marudzi akasiyana uye huwandu hweEC kuvandudza mashandiro eceramic tile bonding mortar. X-ray nzira yakashandiswa kusimbisa kuti hydration dhigirii simende pane interface pakati simende dhaka uye ceramic tile mushure mekusanganisa CE yakawedzera. Nekutarisa iyo interface ine maikorosikopu, zvakaonekwa kuti simende-bhiriji simba receramic tile rainyanya kuvandudzwa nekusanganisa CE paste pachinzvimbo che density. Semuenzaniso, Jenni akaona hupfumi hwepolymer uye Ca (OH) 2 padyo nepamusoro. Jenni anotenda kuti kugarisana kwesimende uye polymer inotyaira kudyidzana pakati pepolymer firimu kuumbwa uye simende hydration. Hunhu hukuru hweEC yakagadziridzwa simende madhaka kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairika simende masisitimu ndeye yakakwira mvura-simende reshiyo (kazhinji iri kana pamusoro pe0.8), asi nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo yakakwirira / vhoriyamu, inoomesawo nekukurumidza, kuitira kuti simende hydration inowanzo. isingasviki 30%, pane kupfuura 90% sezvazvinowanzoitika. Mukushandiswa kweiyo XRD tekinoroji yekudzidza mutemo wekuvandudza wepasi microstructure yeceramic tile adhesive dhaka mukuomesa, zvakaonekwa kuti mamwe madiki simende "akatakurwa" kuenda kunze kweiyo sampuli nekuomeswa kwepore. mhinduro. Kutsigira iyi fungidziro, mimwe miedzo yakaitwa pachishandiswa simende yakaoma kana kuti limestone iri nani pachinzvimbo chesimende yakamboshandiswa, iyo yakatsigirwa zvakare nekurasikirwa kwehuwandu hwekurasikirwa kweXRD kutorwa kwemuenzaniso wega wega uye kugoverwa kwerimestone / silica jecha chidimbu cheiyo yekupedzisira yakaoma. muviri. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) bvunzo dzakaratidza kuti CE nePVA dzakatama panguva yekunyorova uye yakaoma kutenderera, nepo emulsion yerabha haina. Zvichienderana neizvi, akagadzirawo isina kubvumidzwa hydration modhi yeyakaonda layer CE yakagadziridzwa dhaka receramic tile binder.

Mabhuku akakodzera haasati ataura kuti iyo yakaturikidzana chimiro hydration yepolymer dhaka inoitwa mune yakatetepa dhizaini chimiro, uye kugoverwa kwenzvimbo kwemapolymer akasiyana mudhaka revhu kwakaonekwa uye kuverengerwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Zviripachena, iyo hydration mashandiro uye microstructure yekugadzira magadzirirwo eEC-mortar system pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza kurasikirwa nemvura akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune yakajairika dhaka. Kudzidza kweyakasarudzika hydration mashini uye microstructure yekugadzira dhizaini CE yakagadziridzwa dhaka inosimudzira tekinoroji yekushandiswa kweiyo yakaonda layer CE yakagadziridzwa dhaka, senge ekunze madziro plastering dhaka, putty, dhaka remajoini zvichingodaro.

4. Pane matambudziko

4.1 Pesvedzero yekuchinja kwetembiricha pane cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka

CE mhinduro yemhando dzakasiyana inoyerera patembiricha yavo chaiyo, iyo gel maitiro anodzoreredzwa zvachose. Iyo inodzoreredzwa yekudziya gelation yeEC yakasarudzika. Muzvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvesimende, kushandiswa kukuru kweiyo viscosity yeEC uye inowirirana kuchengetedza mvura uye lubrication zvivakwa, uye viscosity uye tembiricha yegel ine hukama hwakananga, pasi petembiricha yegel, yakadzika tembiricha, yakakwira viscosity yeEC. zviri nani iyo inoenderana nekuchengetedza mvura kuita.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kunyungudika kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeEC pakudziya kwakasiyana hakuna kufanana. Zvakadai semethyl cellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, isingagadzirike mumvura inopisa; Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, kwete mvura inopisa. Asi kana iyo aqueous solution yemethyl cellulose uye methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ichipisa, iyo methyl cellulose uye methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose inobuda. Methyl cellulose yakawedzera pa 45 ~ 60 ℃, uye yakasanganiswa etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yakawedzera apo tembiricha yakawedzera kusvika 65 ~ 80 ℃ uye tembiricha yakadzikira, yakawedzera kunyungudika. Hydroxyethyl cellulose uye sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose zvinonyungudika mumvura chero tembiricha.

Mukushandiswa chaiko kweEC, munyori akaonawo kuti simba rekuchengetedza mvura reEC rinodzikira nekukurumidza pakudziya kwakaderera (5 ℃), iyo inowanzo ratidzwa mukuderera kwekukurumidza kwekushanda panguva yekuvaka munguva yechando, uye yakawanda CE inofanirwa kuwedzerwa. . Chikonzero chechiitiko ichi hachina kujeka pari zvino. Ongororo yacho inogona kukonzerwa nekushandurwa kwekunyungudika kweimwe CE mumvura yakadzika tembiricha, inoda kuitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvakwa kwechando.

4.2 Bubble uye kubviswa kwe cellulose ether

CE kazhinji inosuma nhamba yakakura yemabhuru. Kune rumwe rutivi, yunifomu uye yakagadzikana mabhuru madiki anobatsira pakuita kwedhaka, sekuvandudza kuvakwa kwedhaka uye kuwedzera kusimba kwechando uye kusimba kwedhaka. Pane kudaro, mabhuru akakura anokanganisa kusamira kwechando kwematope uye kusasimba.

Mukuvhenganiswa kwedhaka nemvura, dhaka racho rinobvongodzwa, uye mhepo inounzwa mudhaka richangobva kusanganiswa, uye mhepo inoputirwa nedhaka rakanyorova kuita mafuro. Kazhinji, pasi pemamiriro ekushomeka kwemushonga, mabhubhu anoumba kusimuka nekuda kwebuoyancy uye kumhanyira pamusoro pemhinduro. Mafuro anopukunyuka kubva pamusoro achienda kumhepo yekunze, uye firimu remvura rinofambiswa kumusoro rinoburitsa mutsauko wekumanikidza nekuda kwekuita kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. Ukobvu hwefirimu huchave hutete nekufamba kwenguva, uye pakupedzisira mabhubhu achaputika. Zvisinei, nekuda kwepamusoro viscosity yematope achangobva kusanganiswa mushure mekuwedzera CE, muvhareji wehuwandu hwemvura inoputika mufirimu yemvura inononoka, kuitira kuti firimu remvura risave nyore kuonda; Panguva imwecheteyo, kuwedzera kwedhaka viscosity kunoderedza kupararira kwehuwandu hwe surfactant molecules, iyo inobatsira kugadzikana kwefuro. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuwanda kwemafuru anopinzwa mudhaka kuti arambe ari mudhaka.

Kusagadzikana kwepamusoro uye kupindirana kwechiso chemushonga wemvura kunoguma neAl brand CE pa1% misa yekusungwa pa20 ℃. CE ine mhepo intraining mhedzisiro pane simende dhaka. Mhepo inopinza mhedzisiro yeEC ine zvakaipa pasimba remagetsi kana mabhuru mahombe akaunzwa.

Iyo defoamer mudhaka inogona kutadzisa kuumbwa kwefuro kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa kweEC, uye kuparadza furo rakagadzirwa. Maitiro ayo ekuita ndeekuti: iyo inosvibisa mumiriri inopinda mune yemvura firimu, inoderedza viscosity yemvura, inogadzira nyowani interface ine yakaderera pamusoro viscosity, inoita kuti iyo yemvura firimu irasikirwe nekusimba kwayo, inomhanyisa maitiro ekubuda kwemvura, uye pakupedzisira inoita iyo firimu remvura. dzakaonda uye dzakatsemuka. Iyo poda defoamer inogona kuderedza gasi yemukati ichangobva kusanganiswa dhaka, uye kune hydrocarbons, stearic acid uye ester yayo, trietyl phosphate, polyethylene glycol kana polysiloxane adsorbed pane inorganic carrier. Parizvino, iyo poda defoamer inoshandiswa mudhaka yakaoma yakasanganiswa inonyanya kuve polyols uye polysiloxane.

Kunyangwe zvichitaurwa kuti pamusoro pekugadzirisa iyo bubble yemukati, kushandiswa kwe defoamer kunogona zvakare kuderedza shrinkage, asi marudzi akasiyana e defoamer anewo matambudziko ekuenderana uye tembiricha shanduko kana yakashandiswa pamwe chete neEC, aya ndiwo mamiriro ekutanga anofanirwa kugadziriswa mukati. kushandiswa kweEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka fashoni.

4.3 Kuenderana pakati pe cellulose ether uye zvimwe zvinhu mudhaka

CE inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nemamwe admixtures mu yakaoma yakavhenganiswa dhaka, akadai defoamer, mvura inoderedza mumiririri, adhesive upfu, etc. Izvi zvinoriumba kuita mabasa akasiyana mudhaka zvichiteerana. Kudzidza kuenderana kweEC nezvimwe zvinosanganiswa ndiyo mamiriro ekushandiswa kwakanaka kwezvinhu izvi.

Dry yakasanganiswa dhaka inonyanya kushandiswa yekudzikisa mvura maajenti ndeiyi: casein, lignin yakatevedzana yekudzikisa mvura mumiririri, naphthalene yakatevedzana yekudzikisa mvura mumiririri, melamine formaldehyde condensation, polycarboxylic acid. Casein yakanakisa superplasticizer, kunyanya kune yakaonda dhaka, asi nekuti chiri chakasikwa chigadzirwa, mhando uye mutengo zvinowanzochinja. Lignin-mvura-kuderedza mishonga inosanganisira sodium lignosulfonate (wood sodium), huni calcium, huni magnesium. Naphthalene yakatevedzana mvura inoderedza inowanzoshandiswa Lou. Naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, melamine formaldehyde condensates yakanaka superplasticizers, asi mhedzisiro padhaka rakatetepa ishoma. Polycarboxylic asidhi ichangobva kugadzirwa tekinoroji ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye isina formaldehyde emission. Nekuti CE uye yakajairwa naphthalene akateedzana superplasticizer inokonzeresa coagulation kuita kongiri musanganiswa kurasikirwa nekushanda, saka zvinodikanwa kusarudza isiri-naphthalene yakatevedzana superplasticizer muinjiniya. Kunyangwe pakave nezvidzidzo nezve musanganiswa weEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka uye akasiyana masanganiswa, kuchine kusanzwisisa kwakawanda kuri kushandiswa nekuda kwekusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana admixtures uye CE uye zvishoma zvidzidzo pamusoro pemakitani ekudyidzana, uye nhamba huru yebvunzo inodiwa optimize it.

5. Mhedziso

Basa reEC mudhaka rinonyanya kuratidzwa mune yakanakisa kuchengetedza kwemvura, pesvedzero pakuenderana uye thixotropic zvimiro zvedhaka uye kugadziridzwa kweiyo rheological properties. Pamusoro pekupa dhaka kuita kwakanaka kwekushanda, CE inogona zvakare kudzikisa yekutanga hydration kupisa kuburitswa kwe simenti uye kunonoka iyo hydration ine simba maitiro esimende. Maitiro ekuongorora maitiro edhaka akasiyana zvichienderana neakasiyana ekushandisa zviitiko.

Nhamba huru yezvidzidzo pamusoro peiyo microstructure yeEC mudhaka senge firimu rekugadzira mashandiro uye firimu rekugadzira morphology zvakaitwa kunze kwenyika, asi kusvika parizvino, hapana nzira dzakananga dzekutsanangura huwandu uye nehunhu huripo hwekusiyana kwepolymer microstructure mudhaka. .

CE yakagadziridzwa dhaka inoiswa muchimiro chedhaka rakatetepa dhaka mune yemazuva ese yakaoma kusanganisa dhaka (senge kumeso zvidhinha binder, putty, nhete layer mortar, nezvimwewo). Ichi chimiro chakasiyana chinowanzoperekedzwa nedambudziko rekukurumidza kurasikirwa kwemvura kwedhaka. Parizvino, tsvagiridzo huru inotarisa pachiso chezvidhinha binder, uye kune mashoma zvidzidzo pane mamwe marudzi akaonda layer CE akagadziridzwa dhaka.

Naizvozvo, mune ramangwana, zvinofanirwa kukurumidzira kutsvagisa pamusoro peiyo layered hydration mechanism ye cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka mune yakaonda layer chimiro uye mutemo wekugovera nzvimbo yepolymer mudhaka revhu pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza kurasikirwa kwemvura. Mukushandiswa kunoshanda, pesvedzero ye cellulose ether yakagadziridzwa dhaka pakushanduka kwetembiricha uye kuenderana kwayo nezvimwe zvinosanganiswa zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere. Basa rekutsvagisa rinoenderana richasimudzira kuvandudza tekinoroji yeEC yakagadziridzwa dhaka senge ekunze madziro plastering dhaka, putty, dhaka remubatanidzwa uye imwe nhete yakatsetseka dhaka.