1. Kuchengeta mvura uye kukora zvinhu
Mhando huru yemvura-inochengetedza thickening zvinhu ndeye cellulose ether. Cellulose ether ndeyepamusoro-inoshanda admixture inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda chaiko kwedhaka nekungowedzera kudiki kwekuwedzera. Inoshandurwa kubva mumvura-insoluble cellulose kuita mvura-soluble fiber kuburikidza ne etherification reaction. Iyo inogadzirwa neyakajeka ether uye ine yakakosha dhizaini unit yeanhydroglucose. Iine zvinhu zvakasiyana zvichienderana nerudzi uye nhamba yemapoka ekutsiva panzvimbo yayo yekutsiva. Inogona kushandiswa seyakakora kugadzirisa kuenderana kwedhaka; kuchengetwa kwayo kwemvura Inogona kunyatsogadzirisa kudiwa kwemvura yedhaka, uye inogona kusunungura zvishoma nezvishoma mvura mukati meimwe nguva yenguva, iyo inogona kunyatsoona kuti slurry uye substrate inotora mvura inosungirirwa zviri nani. Panguva imwecheteyo, cellulose ether inogona kugadzirisa rheological properties yedhaka, kuwedzera kushanda uye kushanda. Inotevera cellulose ether makomisheni inogona kushandiswa semakemikari ekuwedzera mudhaka yakaoma-yakasanganiswa: ①Na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ②Ethyl cellulose; ③Methyl cellulose; ④Hydroxy cellulose ether; ⑤Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; ⑥starch ester, etc. Kuwedzerwa kweataurwa pamusoro apa akasiyana cellulose ethers kunonatsiridza mashandiro edhaka rakaomeswa rakasanganiswa: ①Kuwedzera kushanda; ②Kuwedzera kunamatira; ③dhaka harisi nyore kubuda ropa nekuparadzanisa; Excellent crack resistance; ⑥ Toka iri nyore kugadzira muzvidimbu zvitete. Pamusoro pezvivakwa zviri pamusoro apa, akasiyana cellulose ethers anewo ayo akakosha midziyo. Cai Wei anobva kuYunivhesiti yeChongqing akapfupikisa nzira yekuvandudza yemethyl cellulose ether pakuita kwedhaka. Akatenda kuti mushure mekuwedzera MC (methyl cellulose ether) inochengetedza mvura mudhaka, maturu madiki emhepo aizoumbwa. Inoita sebhora rinotakura, iro rinovandudza kushanda kwevhu rakasanganiswa, uye mabhubhu emhepo achiri kuchengetwa mumuviri wakaoma wevhu, achigadzira pores akazvimirira uye kuvhara capillary pores. MC inochengetedza mvura inogonawo Kuvandudza kuchengetwa kwemvura yedhaka richangobva kusanganiswa kusvika pamwero mukuru, izvo zvisingagoni kudzivirira dhaka kubva pakubuda ropa uye kupatsanura, asi zvakare kudzivirira mvura kubva pakubuda nekukurumidza kana kunyudzwa ne substrate nekukurumidza mukati. danho rekutanga rekuporesa, kuitira kuti simiti ive nani hydrated, kuitira kuti chisungo Simba rivandudzwe. Iko kubatanidzwa kweMC-yekuchengetedza mvura mumiriri kunovandudza shrinkage yedhaka. Ichi chigadziro chemvura-chinochengetedza mvura chinogona kuzadzwa mumapores, kuitira kuti mapeji akabatanidzwa mumatope aderedzwe, uye kuparara kwemvura kunopera, nokudaro kuderedza kuoma kwakaoma kwedhaka. value. Cellulose ether inowanzosanganiswa mune yakaoma-musanganiswa inonamira dhaka, kunyanya kana ichishandiswa seanonamira mataira. Kana cellulose ether yakasanganiswa mune yekunamatira mataira, iyo yekuchengeta mvura yekugona kwe tile mastic inogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Cellulose ether inhibits kukurumidza kurasikirwa kwemvura kubva kune simenti kusvika kune substrate kana zvidhinha, kuitira kuti simiti ine mvura yakakwana yekusimbisa zvakakwana, inowedzera nguva yekugadzirisa, uye inovandudza simba rekubatanidza. Pamusoro pezvo, cellulose ether inonatsiridzawo purasitiki yemastic, inoita kuti kuvaka kuve nyore, inowedzera nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pemastic nemuviri wezvidhinha, uye inoderedza kutsvedza uye kudonha kwemastic, kunyangwe misa pachikamu chenzvimbo yakakura uye iyo pamusoro density yakakwirira. Mataira anonamirwa kunzvimbo dzakatwasuka pasina kutsvedza kwemastic. Cellulose ether inogonawo kunonoka kuumbwa kweganda resimende, kuwedzera nguva yakazaruka, uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesementi.
2. Organic fiber
Mafibisi anoshandiswa mudhaka anogona kupatsanurwa kuita simbi faibha, inorganic fibers uye organic faibha zvichienderana nezvaanoita zvinhu. Kuwedzera fiber mudhaka kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya anti-crack uye anti-seepage performance. Organic fibers inowanzowedzerwa kune yakaoma-yakavhenganiswa dhaka kuvandudza kusamira uye kutsemuka kuramba kwedhaka. Inowanzo shandiswa organic fibers ndeiyi: polypropylene faibha (PP), polyamide (nylon) (PA) faibha, polyvinyl doro (vinylon) (PVA) faibha, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene faibha, polyester faibha, etc. Pakati pavo, polypropylene faibha parizvino inonyanya kushandiswa. Iyo icrystalline polymer ine yakajairika chimiro polymerized nepropylene monomer pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Iyo ine makemikari corrosion resistance, yakanaka processability, huremu huremu, diki inokambaira shrinkage, uye mutengo wakaderera. Uye humwe hunhu, uye nekuti polypropylene faibha inopesana neasidhi uye alkali, uye haina makemikari inopindirana nesamende-based zvinhu, yakagamuchira kutarisisa kwakapararira kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Iyo anti-cracking effect yefibers yakasanganiswa nedhaka inonyanya kukamurwa kuita matanho maviri: imwe iplastic mortar stage; imwe yacho idanho remuviri wedhaka rakaomarara. Muchikamu chepurasitiki chedhaka, mafibhi akaenzana akagoverwa anounza matatu-dimensional network chimiro, iyo inobata basa mukutsigira yakanakisa aggregate, inodzivirira kugadziriswa kweiyo yakanaka aggregate, uye inoderedza kusarura. Kuparadzaniswa ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuputika kwevhu revhu, uye kuwedzerwa kwemafibhi kunoderedza kupatsanurwa kwedhaka uye kunoderedza mukana wekuputika kwevhu. Nekuda kwekubuda kwemvura muchikamu chepurasitiki, iyo shrinkage yedhaka inoburitsa kusagadzikana, uye kuwedzerwa kwemafibhi kunogona kutakura kusagadzikana uku. Muchikamu chekuoma kwedhaka, nekuda kwekuvapo kwekuomesa shrinkage, carbonization shrinkage, uye tembiricha shrinkage, kushushikana kunogadzirwawo mukati medhaka. microcrack extension. Yuan Zhenyu nevamwe vakapedzisawo kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweiyo crack resistance test yeplate yedhaka iyo kuwedzera polypropylene fiber mudhaka kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuitika kwekutsemuka kwepurasitiki nekuvandudza kutsemuka kwedhaka. Kana huwandu hwehuwandu hwepolypropylene fiber mudhaka huri 0.05% uye 0.10%, kuputika kunogona kuderedzwa ne 65% uye 75%, maererano. Huang Chengya nevamwe vanobva kuSchool of Materials, South China University of Technology, vakasimbisawo kuburikidza ne mechanical performance test yemodified polypropylene fiber simenti-based composite zvinhu zvinowedzera zvishoma zve polypropylene fiber kune simenti dhaka zvinogona kuvandudza kushanduka uye kudzvinyirira simba. yesamende dhaka. Iyo yakakwana huwandu hwefiber musimende dhaka inenge 0.9kg/m3, kana iyo yakawanda ichipfuura iyi chiyero, iyo inosimbisa uye inoomesera mhedzisiro yefiber pasamende dhaka haizovandudzwe zvakanyanya, uye haina hupfumi. Kuwedzera fiber mudhaka kunogona kuvandudza kusamira kwedhaka. Apo simenti matrix inoderera, nekuda kwebasa resimbi yakanaka yesimbi inotambidzwa nefibers, simba rinoshandiswa zvinobudirira. Kunyange kana pane micro-cracks mushure mekubatana, pasi pekuita kwemukati uye kunze kwekunetseka, kuwedzera kwekuputika kuchadzivirirwa ne fiber network system. , Zvakaoma kukudziridza kuva makororo makuru, saka zvakaoma kuumba nzira yekubuda nayo, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kusakwana kwedhaka.
3. Mumiririri wekuwedzera
Expansion agent ndiyo imwe yakakosha anti-crack uye anti-seepage chikamu mune yakaoma-musanganiswa dhaka. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa ekuwedzera maajenti ndeye AEA, UEA, CEA zvichingodaro. AEA yekuwedzera mumiriri ine zvakanakira simba rakakura, dosi diki, yakakwira post-simba, yakaoma shrinkage, uye yakaderera alkali yemukati. Iyo calcium aluminate minerals CA mu-high-alumina clinker muchikamu cheAEA inotanga kuita neCaSO4 uye Ca (OH) 2 kuti iite hydrate kuumba calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) uye kuwedzera. UEA inogadzirawo ettringite kugadzira kuwedzera, nepo CEA ichinyanya kugadzira calcium hydroxide. AEA yekuwedzera mumiriri ndeye calcium aluminate yekuwedzera mumiriri, inova musanganiswa wekuwedzera wakagadzirwa nekubatanidza imwe chikamu chepamusoro-alumina clinker, yakasikwa alunite uye gypsum. Kuwedzera kwakaumbwa mushure mekuwedzera kweAEA kunonyanya kukonzerwa nezvikamu zviviri: mukutanga kwesement hydration, calcium aluminate mineral CA mu high alumina clinker muchikamu cheAEA inotanga kusangana neCaSO4 uye Ca (OH) 2, uye hydrates. kugadzira calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) uye kuwedzera, huwandu hwekuwedzera hwakakura. Iyo yakagadzirwa ettringite uye hydrated aluminium hydroxide gel inoita kuti chikamu chekuwedzera uye chikamu chegel chienderane, icho chisingaiti chete kuwedzera kwekuita asiwo inovimbisa simba. Pakati nepakati uye yekupedzisira nhanho, ettringite zvakare inogadzira ettringite pasi pekunakidzwa kwe lime gypsum kuburitsa micro-kuwedzera, iyo inovandudza microstructure ye simenti aggregate interface. Mushure mekunge AEA yawedzerwa kune dhaka, yakawanda ettringite inogadzirwa mumatanho ekutanga uye epakati ichawedzera huwandu hwedhaka, ita kuti chimiro chemukati chiwedzere compact, kuvandudza pore chimiro chedhaka, kuderedza macropores, kuderedza iyo yakazara. porosity, uye inovandudza zvakanyanya kusapinda. Kana iyo dhaka iri munzvimbo yakaoma muchikamu chekupedzisira, kuwedzera kwekutanga uye kwepakati nhanho kunogona kumisa zvese kana chikamu che shrinkage mune inotevera nhanho, kuitira kuti kutsemuka kuramba uye kunyungudika kuramba zvivandudzwe. UEA expanders inogadzirwa kubva kune inorganic komisheni senge sulfates, alumina, potassium sulfoaluminate uye calcium sulfate. Kana UEA ikasanganiswa kuita simende muhuwandu hwakakodzera, inogona kuita mabasa ekubhadhara shrinkage, kuramba kutsemuka uye anti-leakage. Mushure mekunge UEA yawedzerwa kune yakajairwa simende uye yakasanganiswa, ichaita necalcium silicate uye hydrate kuumba Ca (OH) 2, iyo inoburitsa sulfoaluminic acid. Calcium (C2A · 3CaSO4 · 32H2O) is ettringite, iyo inoita kuti dhaka resimende riwedzere kuwedzera, uye mwero wekuwedzera wedhaka resimende unoenzana nezviri muUEA, zvichiita kuti dhaka rideredze, riine kutsemuka kwakanyanya uye kusapinda. Lin Wentian akaisa dhaka resimende yakasanganiswa neUEA kumadziro ekunze, uye akawana yakanaka anti-leakage effect. CEA kuwedzera mumiririri clinker yakagadzirwa limestone, ivhu (kana yakakwirira alumina ivhu), uye simbi upfu, iyo calcined pa 1350-1400 ° C, uye ipapo pasi kuita CEA kuwedzera mumiririri. CEA ekuwedzera maajenti ane maviri ekuwedzera masosi: CaO hydration kuumba Ca (OH) 2; C3A uye yakagadziriswa Al2O3 kuti igadzire ettringite mune svikiro regypsum uye Ca(OH)2.
4. Plasticizer
Mortar plasticizer ndeyeupfu mhepo-inopinza dhaka musanganiswa wakasanganiswa ne organic polima uye inorganic makemikari admixtures, uye ndeye anionic pamusoro-inoshanda zvinhu. Inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushushikana kwepamusoro kwemhinduro, uye kuburitsa nhamba huru yeakavharika uye madiki mabhuru (kazhinji 0.25-2.5mm mudhayamita) panguva yekusanganiswa kwedhaka nemvura. Nharaunda pakati pe microbubbles idiki uye kugadzikana kwakanaka, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwedhaka. ; Inogona kuparadzira zvimedu zvesimende, kukurudzira simenti hydration reaction, kuvandudza simba revhu, kusapinda uye kutonhora-kunyunguduka kwekudzivirira, uye kuderedza chikamu chekushandisa simenti; ine viscosity yakanaka, kunamatira kwakasimba kwedhaka yakasanganiswa nayo, uye inogona kuva zvakanaka Dzivirira matambudziko akajairika ekuvaka akadai sekuputika (hollowing), kuputika, uye kubuda kwemvura pamadziro; inogona kuvandudza nharaunda yekuvaka, kuderedza kuwanda kwevashandi, uye kukurudzira kuvaka kwakabudirira; chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chehupfumi nemagariro chinobatsira chinogona kuvandudza kunaka kwepurojekiti uye kuderedza Zvigadzirwa zvine hushamwari uye zvinochengetedza simba zvine mutengo wakaderera wekuvaka. Lignosulfonate iplasticizer inowanzoshandiswa mumatope ehupfu hwakaoma, inova tsvina kubva pazvigayo zvemapepa, uye huwandu hwayo hunosvika 0.2% kusvika 0.3%. Plasticizers anowanzo shandiswa mumadhaka anoda zvakanaka ekuzvimisa-leveling zvivakwa, senge ega-leveling cushion, pamusoro pevhu kana madhaka ekuyera. Kuwedzera mapurasitiki mudhaka remasonry kunogona kuvandudza kushanda kwedhaka, kunatsiridza kuchengetwa kwemvura, kuyerera uye kubatana kwedhaka, uye kukunda kusakwana kwesamende-yakasanganiswa dhaka sedota rinoputika, shrinkage yakakura uye kuderera kwesimba, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi. Hunhu hwemasonry. Inogona kuchengetedza 50% lime paste mumatope ekupurasita, uye dhaka haisi nyore kubuda ropa kana kupatsanura; dhaka rine kunamatira kwakanaka kune substrate; iyo yepamusoro-soro haina munyu-out phenomenon, uye ine yakanaka kutsemuka, kudzivirira chando uye kusamira kwemamiriro ekunze.
5. Hydrophobic additive
Hydrophobic additives kana mvura inodzinga mvura inodzivirira mvura kuti isapinda mudhaka uku ichichengeta dhaka rakavhurika kuti ribvumire kupararira kwemhute yemvura. Hydrophobic additives for dry-mixed mortar products should have the following characters: ①Inofanira kunge iri chigadzirwa chehupfu; ②Iva nezvinhu zvakanaka zvekusanganisa; ③Gadzira dhaka senge hydrophobic uye chengetedza-yakareba mhedzisiro; ④Chisungo chepamusoro Simba harina kukanganiswa kuri pachena; ⑤ hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza. Hydrophobic agents anoshandiswa parizvino ane fatty acid metal salts, senge calcium stearate; silane. Zvisinei, calcium stearate haisi yakakodzera hydrophobic additive kune yakaoma-yakavhenganiswa dhaka, kunyanya kupurasita zvinhu zvekugadzira michina, nokuti zvakaoma kusanganisa nekukurumidza uye zvakafanana nesamende dhaka. Hydrophobic additives anowanzo shandiswa mukupurasita madhaka ekupurasita matete ekunze ekudzingisa masisitimu, magiroti ematairi, madhaka ekushongedza ane mavara, uye madhaka ekupurasita asingapindi mvura emadziro ekunze.
6. Zvimwe zvinowedzera
Iyo coagulant inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kugadzirisa uye kuomesa zvinhu zvedhaka. Calcium formate uye lithium carbonate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Yakajairika kurodha ndeye 1% calcium formate uye 0.2% lithium carbonate. Kunge accelerators, retarders inoshandiswawo kugadzirisa marongero uye kuomesa zvimiro zvedhaka. Tartaric acid, citric acid nemunyu wayo, uye gluconate zvakashandiswa zvinobudirira. Iyo yakajairika dosage ndeye 0.05% ~ 0.2%. Powdered defoamer inoderedza mhepo yemukati yedhaka nyowani. Powdered defoamers anobva pamapoka emakemikari akasiyana semahydrocarbon, polyethylene glycols kana polysiloxanes adsorbed pane inorganic zvinotsigira. Starch ether inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuenderana kwedhaka, uye nekudaro kuwedzera zvishoma kudiwa kwemvura uye kukosha kwegoho, uye kuderedza kuderera kwedhigirii redhaka richangobva kusanganiswa. Izvi zvinobvumira dhaka kuti riitwe mukobvu uye tirairi inonamira kuti inamate kune inorema mataira nekuderera kushoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-06-2023