Maererano nehuwandu husina kukwana, ikozvino kugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwe-non-ionic cellulose ether kwasvika kudarika 500,000 tons, uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose inotora 80% kusvika kune 400,000 matani, China mumakore maviri achangopfuura makambani akawanda akawedzera kugadzirwa kusvika nokukurumidza. kuwedzera simba rasvika anenge 180 000 matani, anenge 60 000 matani kuti kushandiswa mudzimba, Of izvi, anopfuura mamiriyoni 550 matani anoshandiswa mumaindasitiri uye anenge 70 muzana anoshandiswa sekuvaka additives.
Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwezvigadzirwa, iyo ash index inodikanwa yezvigadzirwa inogonawo kuve yakasiyana, kuitira kuti kugadzirwa kugone kurongeka zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvemhando dzakasiyana mukugadzira, izvo zvinokonzeresa mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza simba, kuderedza kushandiswa uye kuderedza emission.
1 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ash uye mafomu ayo aripo
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) inonzi madota neindasitiri yemhando zviyero uye sulphate kana inopisa yakasara ne pharmacopoeia, iyo inogona kungonzwisiswa sekusachena kwemunyu mune chigadzirwa. Iyo huru yekugadzira maitiro neakasimba alkali (sodium hydroxide) kuburikidza nekuita kune yekupedzisira gadziriso yepH kuenda kune kwayakarerekera munyu uye mbishi zvinhu zvakatangira muhuwandu hweinorganic munyu.
Nzira yekusarudza madota akazara; Mushure mekunge imwe sampuli yemasampuli yakasvibiswa uye yakapiswa muchoto chekushisa chakakwirira, zvinhu zvehupenyu zvinosvibiswa uye zvakaora, zvichipukunyuka nenzira ye carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides nemvura, asi izvo zvisingasviki zvinhu zvinoramba zviri muchimiro che sulfate, phosphate, carbonate, chloride uye mamwe inorganic munyu uye simbi oxides. Zvisaririra izvi madota. Huwandu hwemadota ese mumuenzaniso unogona kuverengerwa nekuyera zvakasara.
Maererano muitiro uchishandisa akasiyana asidhi uye achabudisa munyu siyana: kunyanya sodium chloride (yakagadzirwa nezvinoita chloride ions mu chloromethane uye sodium hydroxide) pamwe nemamwe acids neutralization anogona kubudisa sodium acetate, sodium sulfide kana sodium oxalate.
2. Madota zvinodiwa zveindasitiri giredhi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose inonyanya kushandiswa sekukora, emulsification, kugadzira firimu, inodzivirira colloid, kuchengetwa kwemvura, kunamatira, anti-enzyme uye metabolic inert uye mamwe mashandisiro, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mundima dzakawanda dzeindasitiri, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvinotevera. maitiro:
(1) Kuvaka: basa guru nderekuchengetedza mvura, kukora, viscosity, lubrication, kuyerera rubatsiro kuvandudza simende uye gypsum machinability, kupomba. Architectural coatings, latex coatings inonyanya kushandiswa seyekudzivirira colloid, firimu kugadzira, thickening agent uye pigment kumiswa rubatsiro.
(2) Polyvinyl chloride: inonyanya kushandiswa seanoparadzira mune polymerization maitiro ekumiswa kwepolymerization system.
(3) makemikari ezuva nezuva: anonyanya kushandiswa sezvidziviriro zvekudzivirira, zvinogona kuvandudza chigadzirwa emulsification, anti-enzyme, dispersion, adhesion, basa repamusoro, kuumbwa kwefirimu, kunyorova, kupupa, kuumba, kusunungura mumiririri, kupfava, lubricant nezvimwe zvinhu;
(4) Indasitiri yemishonga: muindasitiri yemishonga inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira kugadzirwa, inoshandiswa segadziriro yakasimba yeajenti yekuputira, hollow capsule material, binder, inoshandiswa kunonoka kuburitsa skeleton yemishonga, kugadzira firimu, pore-forming agent, inoshandiswa semvura, semi-yakasimba kugadzirira thickening, emulsification, kumiswa, matrix kushandiswa;
(5) Ceramics: inoshandiswa sebhainda rinogadzira mumiriri weceramic industry billet, dispersing agent for glaze color;
(6) kugadzira mapepa: kupararira, kuisa mavara, kusimbisa mumiriri;
(7) Textile kudhinda uye dhayi: jira pulp, ruvara, ruvara extender:
(8) Kugadzirwa kwekurima: mune zvekurima, inogona kushandiswa kurapa mbeu dzezvirimwa, kuvandudza kumera, kuchengetedza hunyoro uye kudzivirira mildew, kuchengeta michero kutsva, kunonoka kuburitsa mumiriri wemakemikari fetiraiza nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, nezvimwe.
Zvinoenderana nemhinduro yezviri pamusoro penguva refu yekushandiswa kwechiitiko uye pfupiso yeyemukati kudzora zviyero zvemamwe mabhizinesi ekunze uye epamba, zvimwe chete zvigadzirwa zve polyvinyl chloride polymerization uye makemikari ezuva nezuva anodiwa kudzora munyu isingasviki 0.010, uye pharmacopoeia. yenyika dzakasiyana-siyana inoda kudzora munyu isingasviki 0.015. Uye mamwe mashandisirwo ekudzora munyu anogona kuve akawedzera, kunyanya zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka pamwe nekugadzira putty, pendi munyu ine zvimwe zvinodiwa, iyo yese inogona kudzora munyu <0.05 inogona kusangana nekushandiswa.
3 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose maitiro uye nzira yekubvisa munyu
Nzira huru dzekugadzira hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose kumba nekune dzimwe nyika ndedzinotevera:
(1) Liquid phase method (slurry method): hupfu hwakatsetseka hwe cellulose huchapwanyiwa hunoparadzirwa kanenge ka10 organic solvent mu vertical or horizontal reactor ine agitation yakasimba, and then quantitative lye and etherifying agent inowedzerwa kuti iite. Mushure mekuita, chigadzirwa chacho chakashambidzwa, chakaomeswa, chakapwanyika uye chakasvibiswa nemvura inopisa.
(2) Gasi-chikamu nzira (gasi-yakasimba nzira) : Kuita kweselulosi poda inenge ichapwanyika kunopedzwa mune semi-yakaoma mamiriro nekuwedzera zvakananga quantitative lye uye etherifying agent uye shoma shoma shoma yekubikira poindi ne-zvigadzirwa. mureactor yakachinjika ine kuzunguza kwakasimba. Hapana mamwe ma organic solvents anodiwa pakuita. Mushure mekuita, chigadzirwa chacho chakashambidzwa, chakaomeswa, chakapwanyika uye chakasvibiswa nemvura inopisa.
(3) Homogeneous nzira (dissolution method) : The horizontal inogona kuwedzerwa zvakananga mushure mekupwanyika kwe cellulose ine simba rinokurudzira reactor rakapararira mu naoh / urea (kana zvimwe zvinonyungudutsira zve cellulose) inenge 5 ~ 8 nguva yemvura inotonhora inonyungudutsa musolvent, ipapo kuwedzera quantitative lye uye etherifying agent pakuita, mushure mekuita neacetone precipitation reaction yakanaka cellulose ether, Inobva yashambidzwa mumvura inopisa, yakaomeswa, yakapwanyika uye inosefa kuti iwane chigadzirwa chapera. (Hazvisati zvave mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri).
Mhedzisiro inopera zvisinei nekuti ndedzipi nzira dzataurwa pamusoro dzine munyu wakawanda, zvinoenderana nemaitiro akasiyana anogona kuburitsa ndeaya: sodium chloride uye sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, uye zvichingodaro musanganiswa munyu, inoda kuburikidza ne desalination, the kushandiswa kwemunyu mukunyungudika kwemvura, kazhinji nekuwacha kwemvura inopisa, ikozvino michina mikuru uye nzira yekugeza ndeiyi:
(1) bhandi vacuum sefa; Inoita izvi nekunyurura iyo yakapedzwa mbishi nemvura inopisa uye ipapo kugeza munyu nekuparadzira slurry zvakaenzana pamusoro pesefa bhandi nekupfapfaidza mvura inopisa pairi uye nekuipukuta pazasi.
(2) Horizontal centrifuge: iyo pakupera kwekuita kweiyo crude material mune slurry nemvura inopisa kunyungudutsa munyu wakanyungudutswa mumvura inopisa uye ipapo kuburikidza nekuparadzaniswa kwecentrifugation kuchava mvura-yakasimba kupatsanurwa kubvisa munyu.
(3) ine pressure sefa, pakupera kwekuita kwechinhu chisina kucheneswa kupinda muslurry nemvura inopisa, ichipinda mufizinzi sefa, kutanga nemvura inofefeterwa uye nemvura inopisa yapfapfaidza N nguva nemvura inoputika. paradzanisa uye bvisa munyu.
Kugeza mvura inopisa kubvisa munyu yakanyungudika, nekuti kudiwa kujoina mvura inopisa, kugeza, kunowedzera kuderera kwemadota, uye zvakasiyana, saka madota ayo anoenderana neakawanda sei mvura inopisa, iyo general industry. chigadzirwa kana dota kudzora pasi 1% SHANDISA mvura inopisa 10 matani, kana kudzora pasi 5% achada anenge 6 matani mvura inopisa.
Cellulose ether tsvina yemvura ine kemikari okisijeni inoda (COD) inopfuura 60 000 mg / L uye munyu unopfuura 30 000 mg / L, saka inodhura zvikuru kurapa tsvina yakadaro, nokuti yakaoma zvakananga. biochemical yakakwira munyu wakadaro, uye haibvumidzwe kunyunguduka zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira ndeyekubvisa munyu ne distillation. Naizvozvo, imwe toni imwe yakawedzera kugeza mvura inofashaira inoburitsa toni imwe yetsvina. Zvinoenderana neazvino tekinoroji yeMUR ine simba rakanyanya kushanda nesimba, mutengo wakakwana wetani yega yega yekugeza yakadzika mvura ingangoita 80 yuan, uye mutengo mukuru ndiyo yakazara simba rekushandisa.
Mhedzisiro ye4 madota pachiyero chekuchengetedza mvura yeindasitiri hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
HPMC inonyanya kuita mabasa matatu mukuchengetedza mvura, kukora uye kureruka kwekuvaka mune zvekuvaka.
Kuchengetedzwa kwemvura: kuwedzera nguva yekuvhura yemidziyo yekuchengetedza mvura, kubatsira hydration yayo kushanda zvizere.
Thickening: Cellulose inogona kukobvu kuridza kuturika, kuitira kuti mhinduro kuchengetedza yunifomu kumusoro uye pasi zvakafanana basa, kuramba kuyerera akarembera.
Kuvaka: Cellulose lubrication, inogona kuva nekuvakwa kwakanaka. HPMC haitore chikamu mukuita kwemakemikari, inongotora basa rekubatsira. Imwe yeinonyanya kukosha ndeyekuchengetwa kwemvura, kuchengetwa kwemvura kwedhaka kunokanganisa homogenization yedhaka, uye zvino inokanganisa maitiro emagetsi uye kusimba kwedhaka rakaoma. Masonry dhaka uye plaster dhaka zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zvedhaka zvinhu, uye yakakosha yekushandiswa munda wemasoni dhaka uye plaster dhaka chimiro chemasonry. Sechivharo chiri mukushandiswa mukuita kwezvigadzirwa chiri munzvimbo yakaoma, kuitira kuderedza iyo yakaoma block yekunyura kwemvura yakasimba, kuvaka kunotora bhuroko risati ranyorova, kuvhara humwe hunyoro, kuchengetedza hunyoro mudhaka. kuvhara zvinhu zvakanyanyisa kunyura, inogona kuchengetedza yakajairika hydration yemukati gelling zvinhu senge simende dhaka. Nekudaro, zvinhu zvakaita seye block mhando musiyano uye saiti pre-wetting degree ichakanganisa mwero wekurasikirwa kwemvura uye kurasikirwa kwemvura kwedhaka, izvo zvinounza njodzi dzakavanzika kuhupamhi hwese hwemasonry chimiro. Iyo dhaka ine yakanakisa kuchengetedza mvura inogona kubvisa pesvedzero yezvivharo zvinhu uye zvinhu zvevanhu, uye ive nechokwadi chehomogeneity yedhaka.
Mhedzisiro yekuchengetwa kwemvura pane dhaka kuomesa kuita kunonyanya kuratidzwa mukuita pane iyo interface nzvimbo pakati pedhaka uye block. Nekukurumidza kurasikirwa kwemvura kwedhaka nekuchengetedza kusina kunaka kwemvura, mvura yemvura yedhaka pane chikamu chekubatanidza zviri pachena kuti haina kukwana, uye simenti haigoni kuzara nemvura, iyo inokanganisa kukura kwesimba kwesimba. Kusimba kwechisungo chesimende-based zvinhu zvinonyanya kugadzirwa nekumisikidzwa kwesimende hydration zvigadzirwa. Iyo isina kukwana simende hydration munzvimbo yeinterface inoderedza iyo interface bond simba, uye gomo kuputika uye kuputika kwedhaka kunowedzera.
Naizvozvo, kusarudza iyo inonyanya kunzwisiswa pakuchengetedza mvura inodiwa kuvaka K mhando matatu mabheji eakasiyana viscosity, kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuwacha kuti aoneke akafanana batch nhamba mbiri inotarisirwa madota emukati, uyezve zvichienderana neyazvino yakajairika kuchengetedza mvura bvunzo nzira (sefa bepa nzira. ) pane imwechete batch nhamba dzakasiyana madota emukati ekuchengetwa kwemvura kwemapoka matatu emasamples chaiwo seanotevera:
4.1 Nzira yekuyedza yekuona chiyero chekuchengeta mvura (sefa yemapepa nzira)
4.1.1 Kushandiswa kwezviridzwa nemidziyo
Cement slurry mixer, silinda yekuyera, chiyero, stopwatch, simbi isina tsvina, chipunu, simbi isina tsvina mhete inofa (yemukati dhayamita φ100 mm× kunze dhayamita φ110 mm× yakakwirira 25 mm, kukurumidza kusefa bepa, inononoka sefa bepa, girazi ndiro.
4.1.2 Zvishandiso uye reagents
Ordinary Portland CEMENT (425#), STANDARD SAND (JECHA LISINA MADHAKA AKASHAMBISWA NEMVURA), PRODUCT SAMPLE (HPMC), MVURA YACHENA KUYEEDZA (MVUVA YEPOPI, MINERAL MVURA).
4.1.3 Mamiriro ekuongorora maitiro
Murabhoritari tembiricha: 23±2 ℃; Hunyoro hunyoro: ≥ 50%; Tembiricha yemvura yemurabhoritari yakafanana neyekamuri tembiricha 23 ℃.
4.1.4 Nzira dzekuedza
Isa ndiro yegirazi pachikuva chekushanda, isa yakayerwa chisingaperi sefa pepa (uremu: M1) pairi, wobva waisa chidimbu chebepa rekukurumidza kusefa pane inononoka sefa bepa, wobva waisa simbi mhete mold pane inokurumidza kusefa bepa ( iyo ring mold haifaniri kudarika denderedzwa inokurumidza sefa bepa).
Kurema chaiko (425#) simende 90 g; Jecha rejecha 210 g; Chigadzirwa (sample) 0.125g; Dururira mumudziyo wesimbi isina tsvina uye sanganisa zvakanaka (dry mix).
Shandisa simende musanganisi (kusanganisa hari uye mashizha akachena uye akaoma, akanyatsochena uye akaoma mushure mekuedza kwega kwega, kuisa parutivi). Shandisa silinda yekuyera kuyera 72 ml yemvura yakachena (23 ℃), tanga udira muhari inomutsa, wozodira zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa, pinda mukati me30 s; Panguva imwecheteyo, simudza pombi panzvimbo yekuvhenganisa, tanga musanganisi, uye fambisa pakaderera (kureva, kunonoka kunonoka) kwe60 s; Mira kwe15 s uye bvisa slurry pamadziro uye blade muhari; Ramba uchikwenya nekukurumidza kwe120s kuti umire. Dururira (mutoro) dhaka rose rakasanganiswa mumhete yesimbi isina tsvina nekukurumidza, uye nguva kubva panguva iyo dhaka rabata bepa rinokurumidza kusefa (dzvanya stopwatch). Mushure me2 min, mold yemhete yakashandurwa uye iyo isingaperi sefa pepa yakatorwa uye kuyerwa (kurema: M2). Ita kuyedza isina chinhu zvinoenderana neiyo nzira iri pamusoro (huremu hwechisingaperi sefa bepa pamberi uye mushure mekuyera ndeye M3, M4)
Nzira yekuverenga ndeyotevera:
(1)
Ipo, M1 - huremu hwechisingaperi sefa bepa pamberi peyedzo yemuenzaniso; M2 - uremu hwepepa refirita risingaperi mushure mekuyedza sampuli; M3 - uremu hwepepa refirita risingaperi risati ramboedza kuedza; M4 - huremu hwepepa refirita risingaperi mushure mekuedza kusina chinhu.
4.1.5 Chengetedzo
(1) tembiricha yemvura yakachena inofanira kuva 23 ℃, uye kuyerwa kunofanira kuva kwakarurama;
(2) wapedza kubvongodza, bvisa hari yokukuchidzira uye kurunga zvakafanana nechipunu;
(3) mold inofanira kuiswa nekukasira, uye dhaka racho richaita tamped rakati sandara uye rakasimba paunenge uchiisa;
(4) Iva nechokwadi chekuisa nguva iyo dhaka inobata bepa rekutsanya resefa, uye usadira dhaka pabepa resefa.
4.2 muenzaniso
Nhamba nhatu dzebhechi dzine maviscosities akasiyana emhando imwe yeK dzakasarudzwa se: 201302028 viscosity 75 000 mPa · s, 20130233 viscosity 150 000 mPa·s, 20130236 viscosity 200 000 000 washing nhamba kune maviri akasiyana siyana madota (ona Tafura 3.1). Nyatsodzora hunyoro uye pH yebhechi rimwe chete remasampuli zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, wobva waita chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura maererano nenzira iri pamusoro (sefa yemapepa nzira).
4.3 Mibairo Yekuedza
Mhedzisiro yekuongorora indekisi yemabheji matatu emasamples inoratidzwa muTebhurari 1, mhedzisiro yekuedzwa kwemazinga ekuchengetedza mvura emhando dzakasiyana-siyana inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1, uye mhedzisiro yekuedzwa kwemazinga ekuchengetedza mvura kwemadota akasiyana uye pH inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2. .
(1) Mhedzisiro yekuongorora indekisi yemabheji matatu emasampuli inoratidzwa muTafura 1
Tafura 1 Ongororo yemhedzisiro yemabheji matatu emasampuli
project
Batch no.
Madota %
pH
Viscosity/mPa, s
Mvura / %
Kuchengetedza mvura
201302028
4.9
4.2
75, 000,
6
76
0.9
4.3
74, 500,
5.9
76
20130233
4.7
4.0
150, 000,
5.5
79
0.8
4.1
140, 000,
5.4
78
20130236
4.8
4.1
200, 000,
5.1
82
0.9
4.0
195, 000,
5.2
81
(2) Mhedzisiro yebvunzo yekuchengeta mvura yemabheti matatu emasampuli ane akasiyana viscosity anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
FIG. 1 Mhedzisiro yekuchengetwa kwemvura yemabheti matatu emasampuli ane akasiyana viscosities
(3) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kunoonekwa mhedzisiro yemabheji matatu emasampuli ane akasiyana madota uye pH anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.
FIG. 2 Detection mhedzisiro yekuchengetwa kwemvura mwero wemabheji matatu emasampuli ane akasiyana madota uye pH
Kuburikidza nemhedzisiro yekuedza iri pamusoro, pesvedzero yehuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura inonyanya kunobva kune viscosity, yakakwirira viscosity inoenderana neiyo yakakwirira yekuchengeta mvura mwero ichava murombo pane zvinopesana. Kuchinja-chinja kwemadota muhuwandu hwe1% ~ 5% inenge isingakanganisi chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura, saka hazvizokanganisa kushanda kwayo kwekuchengetedza mvura.
5 mhedziso
Kuti uite kuti chiyero chishande kune chokwadi uye chienderane nekuwedzera kwakasimba maitiro ekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, zvinokurudzirwa kuti:
Iyo yeindasitiri chiyero cheindasitiri hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose inogadzirwa mukutonga madota nemagiredhi, akadai se: level 1 control ash <0.010, level 2 control ash <0.050. Nenzira iyi, mugadziri anogona kusarudza kurega mushandisi avewo nesarudzo dzakawanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutengo unogona kugadziriswa maererano nenheyo yepamusoro yepamusoro uye mutengo wepamusoro kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika kwemusika. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kuchengetedza kwesimba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kunoita kuti kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa kuve nehushamwari uye hunoenderana nenharaunda.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-09-2022